Bipolar composite hydrogel self-energized black and odorous water body monitoring device and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device and a preparation method, the bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device comprises a floating body and a bipolar composite hydrogel energy supply device, a wireless transmission module antenna and a miniature weather station are installed above the floating body, and a water quality sensor and a counterweight device are installed below the floating body. The bipolar composite hydrogel energy supply device comprises a first side hydrogel layer and a second side hydrogel layer, the first side hydrogel layer is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate loaded with oscillatoria palustris cell suspension and LiCl, and the first side hydrogel layer is tightly connected with a carbon felt; the second side hydrogel layer is formed by loading shewanella suspension and activated carbon on a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate, embedding a carbon felt electrode, and connecting the carbon felt and the carbon felt electrode to an integrated circuit through wires. According to the black and odorous water body monitoring device, bipolar cooperative power generation is achieved, and the energy supply stability and efficiency are improved; monitoring and water body remediation are synchronously realized; the material adaptability is excellent, and the service life of the device is prolonged; the environment friendliness is high, and the risk of secondary pollution is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment monitoring and new energy technology, and in particular to a bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Long-term online monitoring of black and odorous water bodies is crucial for ecological governance, but existing technologies have significant limitations: traditional monitoring equipment relies on external power sources or requires regular battery replacements, resulting in extremely high maintenance costs in remote water areas and data loss due to power outages; solar power equipment is constrained by sunlight conditions, with power generation efficiency dropping sharply on cloudy days and at night, and photovoltaic panels are easily covered by water pollutants, leading to poor reliability.

[0003] While hydrogel-based moisture power generation technology can generate electricity by utilizing ambient humidity and temperature differences, existing designs are mostly monopole structures, lacking an efficient humidity gradient utilization mechanism, and the power output can only meet basic sensing needs. Meanwhile, microbial power generation technologies (such as bioelectrochemical systems) can degrade organic matter to generate electricity, but the energy density of a single anode system is low, and it is not combined with hydrogel materials, making it unable to utilize the high humidity environment of water surfaces for continuous power supply. This makes it difficult to adapt to the complex monitoring scenarios of black and odorous water bodies. There is an urgent need for a synergistic power generation and monitoring device that integrates the characteristics of hydrogel materials and the advantages of microbial metabolism to solve the problems of high energy consumption, poor stability, and limited functionality of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing black and odorous water body monitoring devices, such as the need for external power supply or regular battery replacement and reliance on solar energy, the main objective of this invention is to provide a bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device and its preparation method. This device can continuously generate electricity by utilizing the unique high humidity and temperature difference on the surface of black and odorous water bodies, providing stable power for the monitoring device and solving the problems of existing monitoring devices relying on external energy and having limited functionality.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0006] A bipolar composite hydrogel power supply device includes a first hydrogel layer 4 and a second hydrogel layer 6. The first hydrogel layer 4 is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate loaded with Oscillatoria zedoaria cell suspension and LiCl, tightly bonded with carbon felt. The second hydrogel layer 6 is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate loaded with Shewanella spp. suspension and activated carbon, with embedded carbon felt electrodes. The carbon felt and carbon felt electrodes are connected to an integrated circuit 8 via wires.

[0007] The polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate contains 3-5% polyvinyl alcohol by weight and 2-4% sodium alginate by weight and volume, and the concentration of the *Oscillatoria marsh* cell suspension is 10. 5 ~10 7 The concentration of the LiCl was 1-2% by volume, and the concentration of the Shewanella suspension was 10. 6 -10 8 The activated carbon has a mass-volume percentage of 3-5% (CFU / mL).

[0008] The thickness of the first side hydrogel layer 4 is 2~3mm, and the thickness of the second side hydrogel layer 6 is 3~4mm.

[0009] A bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device includes a float 3 and the bipolar composite hydrogel power supply device. A wireless transmission module antenna 2 and a miniature weather station 1 are installed above the float 3, and a water quality sensor 9 and a counterweight device 7 are installed below the float 3. The bipolar composite hydrogel power supply device is connected to the water quality sensor 9 through an integrated circuit 8.

[0010] A method for preparing a bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device, the preparation steps are as follows:

[0011] (1) Preparation of the first side hydrogel layer 4: Polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate were added to deionized water and stirred at 60°C until completely dissolved. After cooling, a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate was obtained. Oscillatoria swamp suspension and LiCl were added and mixed evenly. The mixture was poured into a mold, tightly bonded to a carbon felt, and cured at room temperature to form the first side hydrogel layer 4.

[0012] (2) Preparation of the second hydrogel layer 6: Prepare the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate according to step (1), add Shewanella suspension and activated carbon, and disperse by ultrasonication; pour the mixture into the mold, embed the carbon felt electrode, and cure at room temperature to form the second hydrogel layer 6.

[0013] (3) Assembly of the bipolar hydrogel power generation module: The first hydrogel layer 4 and the second hydrogel layer 6 are fixed by the insulating frame 5, and the carbon felt and carbon felt electrode are connected to the integrated circuit 8 by wires; the wireless transmission module antenna 2 and the micro weather station 1 are installed above the float 3, and the water quality sensor 9 and the counterweight device 7 are installed below.

[0014] In step (1), the mass-volume percentage of polyvinyl alcohol is 3-5%, the mass-volume percentage of sodium alginate is 2-4%, and the concentration of the *Oscillatoria zebrina* cell suspension is 10%. 6 ~10 8The cell / mL ratio of the Oscillatoria swamp cell suspension to the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate is 1:10, and the mass-volume percentage of LiCl is 1~2%.

[0015] In step (2), the mass-volume percentage of polyvinyl alcohol is 3-5%, the mass-volume percentage of sodium alginate is 2-4%, and the concentration of the Shewanella suspension is 10. 7 -10 9 The volume ratio of the Shewanella suspension to the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate is 1:10, and the activated carbon has a mass-volume percentage of 3-5%.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention provides bipolar synergistic power generation, which improves the stability and efficiency of energy supply;

[0018] 2. This invention integrates functions, simultaneously achieving monitoring and water body restoration;

[0019] 3. The materials used in this invention have excellent adaptability, extending the lifespan of the device;

[0020] 4. This invention is highly environmentally friendly and poses no risk of secondary pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device of the present invention.

[0022] Among them, 1 is a miniature weather station, 2 is a wireless transmission module antenna, 3 is a float, 4 is the first side hydrogel layer, 5 is an insulating frame, 6 is the second side hydrogel layer, 7 is a counterweight device, 8 is an integrated circuit, and 9 is a water quality sensor (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential). Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments described below are exemplary descriptions of key experimental evidence and are not intended to limit the core content and application scope of this invention due to the amount of evidence. It should be noted that all the accompanying drawings and corresponding descriptions merely illustrate the concept, principles, and representative experimental evidence of the disclosed embodiments of this invention. Where the chain of evidence is complete, it is unnecessary to present all the specific details and extended information of the various embodiments listed in this invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in the following embodiments have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The specific steps for preparing a self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device based on bipolar composite hydrogel are as follows:

[0028] (1) Preparation of the thermal side hydrogel layer (first side hydrogel layer 4): Weigh 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 3 g of sodium alginate, add to 100 mL of deionized water, stir magnetically at 60 °C for 30 min until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and add 10 g of sodium alginate. 7 10 mL of Oscillatoria limnetica suspension and 1.5 g of LiCl were added and stirred for 15 min until homogeneous. The resulting hot-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 cells / mL of Oscillatoria limnetica. 6 cells / mL; Pour the mixture into a 2 cm × 3 cm rectangular mold, cover the liquid surface with a 0.5 mm thick conductive carbon felt (cut to the same size as the mold), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and then remove it to obtain a 2.5 mm thick thermal hydrogel layer (the carbon felt is tightly attached to the gel surface).

[0029] (2) Preparation of the cold-side hydrogel layer (second-side hydrogel layer 6): Prepare a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate (4 g polyvinyl alcohol + 3 g sodium alginate + 100 mL deionized water) according to the ratio in step (1), and add 10 g sodium alginate after cooling. 8 10 mL of CFU / mL Shewanella oneidensis suspension and 4.4 g of activated charcoal powder were ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min (300 W). The resulting cold-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 CFU / mL of Shewanella oneidensis. 7 CFU / mL; Pour the mixture into a mold of the same size, embed the cut carbon felt electrode (size 2 cm × 3 cm, with a 5 cm wire reserved at one end), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and then remove it to obtain a cold-side hydrogel layer with a thickness of 3.5 mm (the electrode is completely embedded in the gel).

[0030] (3) Assembly of bipolar hydrogel power generation module: The open insulating frame 5 (4 cm long × 3 cm wide × 2 cm high) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The inner walls on both sides of the frame are reserved with slots (0.5 mm deep). The hot side hydrogel layer (carbon felt facing outward) is inserted into the upper slot and the cold side hydrogel layer (electrode wire end facing outward) is inserted into the lower slot to ensure that the distance between the gels on both sides is 1 cm. The other two sides of the frame remain open.

[0031] (4) Circuit connection with float 3: Connect the hot side carbon felt and the cold side electrode wires to the integrated circuit 8 (including the energy management unit, microcontroller unit and 5 F supercapacitor) and the water quality sensor 9 (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential, probe length 5 cm) through the wires; fix the frame under the foam plastic float 3 (diameter 15 cm), adjust the counterweight device 7 so that 1 / 2 of the cold side hydrogel layer is immersed in the water, and install the wireless transmission module antenna 2 (height 20 cm) and the mini weather station 1 (containing thermometer and hygrometer) on the top of the float 3.

[0032] (5) Device debugging: Place the assembled device in a simulated black and odorous water body (chemical oxygen demand 300 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen 50 mg / L), check that the sensor probe is completely submerged 3 cm underwater, test that the output voltage of the energy management unit is stable at 0.8V, and the wireless transmission signal strength is ≥-80 dBm, and confirm that the device is operating normally.

[0033] (6) Implementation of self-powered monitoring process: The device is deployed in black and odorous water bodies. The hot-side hydrogel absorbs water vapor, and the photosynthesis of Oscillatoria swamp produces oxygen, raising the local pH to 8.0-9.5 and accelerating water evaporation. In the cold-side hydrogel, Shewanella degrades organic matter to produce electrons, and activated carbon enhances electron conduction. The humidity gradient and pH difference formed by the bipolar hydrogel drive ion migration and generate voltage, which is stored by the energy management unit. The microcontroller is woken up every 1-2 hours to drive the sensor to collect data, which is transmitted to the monitoring center through the wireless transmission module antenna 2.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The specific steps for preparing a self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device based on bipolar composite hydrogel are as follows:

[0036] (1) Preparation of the thermal side hydrogel layer (first side hydrogel layer 4): Weigh 3 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 g of sodium alginate, add to 100 mL of deionized water, stir magnetically at 60 °C for 30 min until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and add 10 g of sodium alginate. 6 10 mL of Oscillatoria limnetica suspension and 1.1 g of LiCl were added and stirred for 15 min until homogeneous. The resulting hot-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 cells / mL of Oscillatoria limnetica. 5 cells / mL, LiCl concentration of 1% (W / V); pour the mixture into a 2 cm × 3 cm rectangular mold, cover the liquid surface with a 0.5 mm thick conductive carbon felt (cut to the same size as the mold), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and then remove it to obtain a 2 mm thick thermal hydrogel layer (the carbon felt is tightly attached to the gel surface).

[0037] (2) Preparation of the cold-side hydrogel layer (second-side hydrogel layer 6): Prepare a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate (3 g polyvinyl alcohol + 2 g sodium alginate + 100 mL deionized water) according to the ratio in step (1), and add 10 g sodium alginate after cooling. 7 10 mL of CFU / mL Shewanella oneidensis suspension and 3.3 g of activated charcoal powder were ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min (300 W). The resulting cold-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 CFU / mL of Shewanella oneidensis. 6 CFU / mL, activated carbon concentration of 3% (W / V); pour the mixture into a mold of the same size, embed the cut carbon felt electrode (size 2 cm × 3 cm, with a 5 cm wire reserved at one end), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and after taking it out, a cold-side hydrogel layer with a thickness of 3 mm is obtained (the electrode is completely embedded in the gel).

[0038] (3) Assembly of bipolar hydrogel power generation module: The open insulating frame 5 (4 cm long × 3 cm wide × 2 cm high) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The inner walls on both sides of the frame are reserved with slots (0.5 mm deep). The hot side hydrogel layer (carbon felt facing outward) is inserted into the upper slot and the cold side hydrogel layer (electrode wire end facing outward) is inserted into the lower slot to ensure that the distance between the gels on both sides is 1 cm. The other two sides of the frame remain open.

[0039] (4) Circuit connection with float 3: Connect the hot side carbon felt and the cold side electrode wires to the integrated circuit 8 (including the energy management unit, microcontroller unit and 5 F supercapacitor) and the water quality sensor 9 (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential, probe length 5 cm) through the wires; fix the frame under the foam plastic float 3 (diameter 15 cm), adjust the counterweight device 7 so that 1 / 2 of the cold side hydrogel layer is immersed in the water, and install the wireless transmission module antenna 2 (height 20 cm) and the mini weather station 1 (containing thermometer and hygrometer) on the top of the float 3.

[0040] (5) The device debugging is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] (6) The self-powered monitoring process is implemented in the same way as in Example 1.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The specific steps for preparing a self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device based on bipolar composite hydrogel are as follows:

[0044] (1) Preparation of the thermal side hydrogel layer (first side hydrogel layer 4): Weigh 5g of polyvinyl alcohol and 4g of sodium alginate, add to 100 mL of deionized water, stir magnetically at 60℃ for 30 min until completely dissolved, cool to room temperature, and add 10 8 10 mL of Oscillatoria limnetica suspension and 2.2 g of LiCl were added and stirred for 15 min until homogeneous. The resulting hot-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 cells / mL of Oscillatoria limnetica. 7 cells / mL, LiCl concentration of 2% (W / V); pour the mixture into a 2 cm × 3 cm rectangular mold, cover the liquid surface with a 0.5 mm thick conductive carbon felt (cut to the same size as the mold), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and then remove it to obtain a 3 mm thick thermal hydrogel layer (the carbon felt is tightly attached to the gel surface).

[0045] (2) Preparation of the cold-side hydrogel layer (second-side hydrogel layer 6): Prepare a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel substrate (35g polyvinyl alcohol + 4g sodium alginate + 100mL deionized water) according to the ratio in step (1), and add 10 9 10 mL of CFU / mL Shewanella oneidensis suspension and 5.5 g of activated charcoal powder were ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min (300 W). The resulting cold-side hydrogel suspension contained 10 CFU / mL of Shewanella oneidensis. 8 CFU / mL, activated carbon concentration of 5% (W / V); pour the mixture into a mold of the same size, embed the cut carbon felt electrode (size 2 cm × 3 cm, with a 5 cm wire reserved at one end), let it stand at room temperature for 2 h to cure, and after taking it out, a cold side hydrogel layer with a thickness of 4 mm is obtained (the electrode is completely embedded in the gel).

[0046] (3) Assembly of bipolar hydrogel power generation module: The open insulating frame 5 (4 cm long × 3 cm wide × 2 cm high) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The inner walls on both sides of the frame are reserved with slots (0.5 mm deep). The hot side hydrogel layer (carbon felt facing outward) is inserted into the upper slot and the cold side hydrogel layer (electrode wire end facing outward) is inserted into the lower slot to ensure that the distance between the gels on both sides is 1 cm. The other two sides of the frame remain open.

[0047] (4) Circuit connection with float 3: Connect the hot side carbon felt and the cold side electrode wires to the integrated circuit 8 (including the energy management unit, microcontroller unit and 5 F supercapacitor) and the water quality sensor 9 (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential, probe length 5 cm) through the wires; fix the frame under the foam plastic float 3 (diameter 15 cm), adjust the counterweight device 7 so that 1 / 2 of the cold side hydrogel layer is immersed in the water, and install the wireless transmission module antenna 2 (height 20 cm) and the mini weather station 1 (containing thermometer and hygrometer) on the top of the float 3.

[0048] (5) The device debugging is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] (6) The self-powered monitoring process is implemented in the same way as in Example 1.

[0050] This invention relates to a self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device based on bipolar composite hydrogel, which integrates "in-situ power generation - pollutant degradation - water quality monitoring".

[0051] The hydrogels on the hot and cold sides form a directional humidity gradient and pH difference, generating a continuous current through ion migration (similar to the principle of a concentration cell). At the same time, it integrates the synergistic effect of pH regulation by Oscillatoria swampis photosynthesis (enhancing the driving force of the humidity gradient) and electron production by Shewanella bacteria from the degradation of organic matter (supplementing the electron source), realizing a dual-source power supply of "environmental energy + biological energy", solving the problems of insufficient power generation by a single hydrogel and poor stability of microbial unipolar power generation.

[0052] Cold-side Shewanella bacteria can degrade organic matter (such as COD) in black and odorous water bodies, while activated carbon enhances electron conduction and adsorbs some pollutants (such as ammonia nitrogen), achieving simultaneous "electricity generation and degradation." Hot-side Oscillatoria releases oxygen through photosynthesis, indirectly improving the microenvironment of the water body. The device monitors dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and other indicators while also possessing in-situ remediation capabilities, overcoming the limitations of traditional monitoring equipment that "only monitors but does not treat."

[0053] Polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure (formed through hydrogen bonding cross-linking), high water retention, and can maintain a moist environment for microbial survival; it has excellent biocompatibility and can provide a stable growth carrier for Oscillatoria marsh and Shewanella, solving the problem of microbial inactivation in dry or extreme environments, and extending the continuous operation life of the device to more than 6 months (the life of traditional hydrogel devices is usually less than 3 months).

[0054] The carbon felt electrode, activated carbon, and composite hydrogel are all biocompatible materials with no toxic residues. The microbial metabolites are harmless substances such as CO2 and water, avoiding secondary pollution caused by corrosion of traditional metal electrodes or leakage of chemical electrolytes. They are suitable for monitoring ecologically sensitive black and odorous water bodies (such as urban lakes and landscape water bodies).

[0055] The above embodiments only describe a portion of the specific implementation methods of the present invention in detail, and are not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, the substantive content protected by the present invention is not limited thereto. Any other modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made based on the principles and techniques of the present invention without departing from its design scope are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bipolar composite hydrogel energy device, characterized in that, The bipolar composite hydrogel power supply device comprises a first side hydrogel layer (4) and a second side hydrogel layer (6), the first side hydrogel layer (4) is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base loaded with Oscillatoria tenuis cell suspension and LiCl, and is tightly combined with carbon felt; the second side hydrogel layer (6) is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base loaded with Shewanella suspension and activated carbon, and is embedded in a carbon felt electrode, and the carbon felt and the carbon felt electrode are connected to an integrated circuit (8) through wires.

2. The bipolar composite hydrogel powered device of claim 1, wherein, The polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base contains 3-5% polyvinyl alcohol by mass volume percentage, 2-4% sodium alginate by mass volume percentage, the concentration of Oscillatoria princeps cell suspension is 10 5 -10 7 cells / mL, the mass volume percentage of LiCl is 1-2%, and the concentration of Shewanella suspension is 10 6 -10 8 CFU / mL, and the mass volume percentage of activated carbon is 3-5%.

3. The bipolar composite hydrogel powered device of claim 1, wherein, The first side hydrogel layer (4) and the second side hydrogel layer (6) are fixed through an insulating frame (5).

4. The bipolar composite hydrogel powered device of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the first side hydrogel layer (4) is 2-3 mm, and the thickness of the second side hydrogel layer (6) is 3-4 mm.

5. A bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device, characterized in that, The bipolar composite hydrogel power supply device comprises a first side hydrogel layer (4) and a second side hydrogel layer (6), the first side hydrogel layer (4) is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base loaded with Oscillatoria tenuis cell suspension and LiCl, and is tightly combined with carbon felt; the second side hydrogel layer (6) is a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base loaded with Shewanella suspension and activated carbon, and is embedded in a carbon felt electrode, and the carbon felt and the carbon felt electrode are connected to an integrated circuit (8) through wires.

6. A preparation method of a bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device, characterized in that, The preparation steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of the first side hydrogel layer (4): polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate are added to deionized water, stirred at 60°C until completely dissolved, cooled, and a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base is obtained, then Oscillatoria tenuis suspension and LiCl are added and mixed uniformly; the mixed solution is poured into a mold, tightly combined with carbon felt, and cured at room temperature to form the first side hydrogel layer (4); (2) Preparation of the second side hydrogel layer (6): a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base is prepared according to step (1), Shewanella suspension and activated carbon are added, and ultrasonic dispersion is performed; the mixed solution is poured into a mold, embedded in a carbon felt electrode, and cured at room temperature to form the second side hydrogel layer (6); (3) Assembly of the bipolar hydrogel power module: the first side hydrogel layer (4) and the second side hydrogel layer (6) are fixed through an insulating frame, the carbon felt and the carbon felt electrode are connected to an integrated circuit (8) through wires; a wireless transmission module antenna (2) and a micro weather station (1) are installed above the floating body (3), and a water quality sensor (9) and a counterweight device (7) are installed below the floating body (3).

7. The preparation method of the bipolar composite hydrogel self-powered black and odorous water body monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass-volume percentage of polyvinyl alcohol in the step (1) is 3-5%, the mass-volume percentage of sodium alginate is 2-4%, the concentration of Oscillatoria princeps cell suspension is 10 6 ~10 8 cells / mL, the volume ratio of Oscillatoria princeps cell suspension to polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base is 1:10, and the mass-volume percentage of LiCl is 1-2%.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) mixing the PAA solution and the PAMAM dendrimer solution to form a mixture; (b) adding the mixture to the water body; (c) mixing the mixture with the water body to form the self-powered device; and (d) monitoring the water body using the self-powered device. The mass-volume percentage of polyvinyl alcohol in the step (2) is 3-5%, the mass-volume percentage of sodium alginate is 2-4%, the concentration of the Shewanella suspension is 10 7 -10 9 CFU / mL, the volume ratio of the Shewanella suspension to the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate composite hydrogel base is 1:10, and the mass-volume percentage of the activated carbon is 3-5%.

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