Twin-rich PtCu x Pb 1-x OCTAHEDRAL MATERIALS, PREPARATION, APPLICATIONS, SUPPORTED CATALYSTS, ELECTRODES AND FUEL CELLS THEREOF

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a kind of rich twin PtCu x Pb 1‑x Octahedral material and its preparation, application, supported catalyst, electrode and fuel cell, wherein, rich twin PtCu x Pb 1‑x Octahedral material is rich in twin octahedral structure PtCu x Pb 1‑x Material, wherein, PtCu x Pb 1‑x Material x is 0.5~0.95.The material described in the application can promote the adsorption and transmission of oxygen molecules, reduce the coordination number of PtCu alloy, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of fuel cell and greatly improving the catalytic activity;For example, it can effectively improve the mass specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery materials, specifically relating to the field of fuel cell catalyst technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted much attention from researchers as a green, clean energy conversion device that can directly utilize hydrogen energy, and have already achieved initial industrialization in fields such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Currently, commercial fuel cells generally use platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon black catalysts; however, the scarcity and high cost of platinum resources severely restrict the large-scale promotion and commercialization of fuel cell technology.

[0003] To reduce platinum dependence and improve catalytic performance, researchers often employ the strategy of alloying platinum with non-precious metals such as copper. Copper is abundant and inexpensive; after forming a PtCu alloy with platinum, the electronic structure of platinum can be tuned through lattice strain and ligand effects, thereby improving catalytic activity and significantly reducing the amount of platinum required. Several reports on PtCu octahedral catalytic materials have been published in the prior art. For example, Chinese patent document CN114883588A proposes using copper-rich octahedral PtCu as seeds to epitaxially grow PtCu clusters to construct a core-shell structure. Chinese patent document CN111048793A provides a method for preparing platinum-based octahedral materials through the reduction of acetylacetone with transition metal salts.

[0004] However, existing PtCu octahedral materials still have certain limitations, such as insufficient surface active sites, leading to a low specific activity (A / mg). Pt The concentration of copper in fuel cells is too low. In addition, in the highly acidic environment of fuel cells, copper is prone to dissolution and migration, causing structural collapse and performance degradation, which seriously affects the long-term stability of the catalyst. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of limited catalytic activity and severe metal dissolution under acidic conditions caused by insufficient structural stability and single active sites in existing PtCu octahedral materials, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a twinned PtCu material. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials are designed to provide a novel catalyst that balances excellent activity and stability.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide the aforementioned twin-rich PtCu. x Pb 1-x Preparation methods of octahedral materials and their application in fuel cells.

[0007] A third objective of this invention is to provide a product comprising the aforementioned twin-rich PtCu. x Pb 1-xOctahedral materials are used in supported catalysts, anodes, and fuel cells.

[0008] A twin-rich PtCu x Pb 1-x Octahedral material, which is PtCu with an octahedral structure rich in twins. x Pb 1-x Materials, including PtCu x Pb 1-x The value of x in the material is 0.5~0.95.

[0009] This invention provides a PtCu rich in twin structures in an octahedron. x Pb 1-x The material was further discovered to significantly improve the activity and cycle stability of fuel cells. The material described in this invention can promote the adsorption and transport of oxygen molecules, reduce the coordination number of PtCu alloys, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of fuel cells and greatly improving catalytic activity; for example, it can effectively improve its specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0010] This invention demonstrates that the innovative use of Pb to selectively hybridize the Cu sites in the PtCu octahedron can induce a twinned structure in the octahedron, thereby improving its performance in fuel cells.

[0011] In this invention, x can be further 0.5 to 0.9; more preferably 0.75 to 0.85. At the preferred x, better catalytic activity and acid-resistant catalytic stability can be obtained.

[0012] The present invention also provides a twin-rich PtCu as described above. x Pb 1-x The method for preparing octahedral materials involves solvothermal treatment of a mixed solution containing lead chloride, formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and DMF to obtain the twin-rich PtCu. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials;

[0013] Formula 1;

[0014] Formula 2;

[0015] Formula 3;

[0016] Equation 4;

[0017] Formula 5;

[0018] In Formula 1, R1 is a C1~C3 alkyl group;

[0019] In Formula 2, R2 is a C1~C3 alkyl group;

[0020] In Equation 3, R3 is C 10 ~C 20 The alkyl group, where R4 is a C1~C3 alkyl group;

[0021] In Formula 4, R5 is H or a C1~C3 alkyl group.

[0022] This invention demonstrates that, in order to successfully synthesize the aforementioned twin-rich PtCu... x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials require overcoming the unique physicochemical characteristics of Pb, such as the lattice hybridization of Pb leading to the collapse and pulverization of the intrinsic PtCu structure, and the significant differences in Pb and Pt / Cu properties resulting in Pb autonomous nucleation, making it difficult to form PtCu. x Pb 1-x Furthermore, the hybridization site selectivity of Pb is difficult to control, and it is difficult to form abundant twins in octahedra. To address the challenges in preparing materials with the physicochemical characteristics described in this invention, this invention innovatively uses lead chloride and formulas 1 to 5 as raw materials for solvothermal treatment. Based on the combination of the composition, structure, and functional groups of the raw materials, a synergistic effect is unexpectedly achieved, successfully constructing PtCu. x Pb 1-x The material is octahedral and possesses abundant twinned structures. The preparation method of this invention can produce novel materials with unique physicochemical properties, while also exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and stability for fuel cells.

[0023] In this invention, the combination of lead chloride, the long-chain structures of Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3, the Br anion, and the components of Formula 4 and Formula 5 forms a synergistic framework for twinned PtCu. x Pb 1-x The key to the octahedron.

[0024] In this invention, Formula 1 is Formula 1A, which is a Formula 1 compound in which R1 is a methyl group;

[0025] Formula 2 is Formula 2A, which is a compound of Formula 2 where R2 is a methyl group;

[0026] Equation 3 is Equation 3A, where R3 is C. 14 ~C 18 A straight-chain alkyl group, where R4 is a methyl group;

[0027] Formula 4 is Formula 4A, which is a Formula 4 compound with R5 being H;

[0028] Equation 5 is Equation 5A;

[0029] Formula 5A.

[0030] Formula 5A of the present invention can also have the following structural modifications:

[0031] .

[0032] In this invention, the molar ratio of Formula 1, Formula 2, and lead chloride is 1:x:1-x, where x is 0.5~0.95, preferably 0.5~0.9; more preferably 0.75~0.85. Studies have found that the preferred x value helps optimize the physicochemical structure of the material, and is expected to further improve the long-cycle performance and acid resistance of the prepared material.

[0033] The molar ratio of Formulas 1, 3, 4 and 5 is 1:0.2~2:20~160:0.2~5; preferably 1:0.5~1.5:35~85:0.5~1; and even more preferably 1:0.8~1.2:35~55:0.5~0.6.

[0034] The molar concentration of Equation 2 relative to DMF is 3~20 mM, further 5~18 mM; even further 10~14 mM; and even further 11~13 mM. Studies have found that the preferred x value helps optimize the physicochemical structure of the material, and is expected to further improve the long-cycle performance and acid resistance of the prepared material.

[0035] In this invention, the solvothermal temperature is 140~300℃, further 150~250℃, and even further 180±5℃. Studies have found that the preferred hydrothermal temperature helps optimize the physicochemical structure of the material, and is expected to further improve the long-cycle performance and acid resistance of the prepared material.

[0036] The solvothermal time is 8~24h, and further 10~14h.

[0037] The present invention also provides a twin-rich PtCu as described above. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials are used as catalysts in the fabrication of fuel cells.

[0038] The present invention shows that the twinned PtCu x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials used as catalysts in fuel cells can exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability.

[0039] In this invention, based on known principles and methods, the aforementioned twin-rich PtCu can be processed. x Pb 1-x Fuel cells and their components required for the preparation of octahedral materials.

[0040] The present invention also provides a supported catalyst, comprising a support and an active catalyst, wherein the active catalyst comprises the twinned PtCu described in this invention. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials.

[0041] In this invention, the support is a carbon support, and the loading of the active catalyst is 10 wt.% or more, further 20-60 wt.%, more preferably 30-50 wt.%, and even more preferably 35-45 wt.%.

[0042] In this invention, the supported catalyst can be prepared using known methods.

[0043] The present invention also provides an electrode comprising a conductive substrate and an active material layer composited thereon, the active material layer comprising an active catalyst and a binder, wherein the active catalyst comprises the twin-rich PtCu. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials.

[0044] The conductive substrate can be a conventional current collector.

[0045] In this invention, the adhesive can be a conventional adhesive polymer.

[0046] In this invention, the content of the active catalyst in the active material layer can be above 60 wt.%.

[0047] The present invention also provides a fuel cell comprising the aforementioned twinned PtCu. x Pb 1-x Octahedral materials.

[0048] The fuel cell of the present invention, in addition to containing the twin-rich PtCu described in the present invention, x Pb 1-x Apart from octahedral materials, other components and structural relationships can be conventional.

[0049] Beneficial effects

[0050] This invention provides a PtCu rich in twin structures in an octahedron. x Pb 1-x The material was further discovered to significantly improve the activity and cycle stability of fuel cells. The material described in this invention can promote the adsorption and transport of oxygen molecules, reduce the coordination number of PtCu alloys, thereby accelerating the kinetic process of fuel cells and greatly improving catalytic activity; for example, it can effectively improve its specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0051] This invention innovatively uses lead chloride and formulas 1 to 5 as raw materials for solvothermal treatment. Based on the combination of the components, structures, and functional groups of the raw materials, a synergistic effect is unexpectedly achieved, enabling the successful construction of PtCu. x Pb 1-x The material is octahedral and possesses abundant twinned structures. The preparation method of this invention can produce novel materials with unique physicochemical properties, while also exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and stability for fuel cells.

[0052] The present invention also shows that the material with the special physicochemical properties obtained by the preparation method can effectively improve its specific activity and long-term stability under acidic conditions.

[0053] The preparation method of this invention is simple, easy to implement, and conducive to large-scale industrial production. Moreover, its material cost is also low. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 Twin-rich PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x Octahedron (Pb-doped twin-rich PtCu octahedron, also abbreviated as PtCu) x Pb 1-x Transmission electron microscopy image of a fuel cell catalyst.

[0055] Figure 2 PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of an octahedron.

[0056] Figure 3 PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x Comparison of CV values ​​for octahedral and 20% Pt / C in acidic systems.

[0057] Figure 4 PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x Comparison of LSVs obtained by octahedral and commercial Pt / C catalysts in acidic systems.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a comparison of LSV (Liquid Stabilization Value) of a commercial Pt / C fuel cell catalyst before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system.

[0059] Figure 6 PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x Comparison of LSV of octahedron before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The following specific embodiments are intended to further illustrate the content of the present invention, rather than to further limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in the following examples are commercially available reagents purchased directly from the market.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] I. Twin-rich PtCu x Pb 1-x Octahedral (PtCu) x Pb 1-x Preparation of )

[0064] Weigh out Formula 1A, 48 mg of Formula 2A, lead chloride (the molar ratio of Formula 1, Formula 2, and lead chloride is 1:x:1-x, where x is 0.8), Formula 5A, and Formula 3A1 (R3 is C). 16 A straight-chain alkyl group (R4 being a methyl compound of formula 3) was placed in a beaker (the molar ratio of formula 1A, formula 3A1, and formula 5 was 1:1:0.5). DMF was then added to the beaker to obtain mixture A. The concentration of formula 2A in mixture A was controlled at 12 mM. After magnetic stirring for 2 hours, a 35-40% aqueous solution of formula 4A (where the molar ratio of formula 1A and formula 4A was 1:40) was slowly added dropwise to obtain mixture B. Mixture B was then transferred to a stainless steel pressure cooker with a Teflon liner and heated in an oven from room temperature to 180°C. o The reaction was carried out at C (solvent temperature) and maintained at this temperature for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed and cooled to room temperature, the black product was collected by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 min) and washed 6 times with ethanol to obtain PtCu. x Pb 1-x Product, TEM image shown Figure 1 The results show that the Pb-doped twinned PtCu octahedra are uniformly distributed with an average size of approximately 15 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are shown below. Figure 2 The lattice fringe spacing on the octahedral surface is 0.222 nm, indicating that Cu and Pt have formed an alloy, and there are a large number of twin interfaces on the octahedral surface.

[0065] II. PtCu x Pb 1-x Catalyst supported on carbon black:

[0066] The purchased carbon black (XC-72R) was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide to obtain modified carbon black. Then, the modified carbon black and the PtCu obtained in step 1 were weighed. x Pb 1-x Catalysts (modified carbon black and PtCu) x Pb1-x The catalyst (mass ratio = 3:2, i.e., loading of approximately 40 wt.%) is dissolved in an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol by ultrasonication, followed by ultrasonication for 1 hour under ice bath conditions, and then dried in an oven to obtain PtCu. x Pb 1-x / C catalyst.

[0067] III. Electrochemical Detection

[0068] Take 4 mg of PtCu prepared x Pb 1-x The / C catalyst was dispersed in a mixture of 500 μL ethanol, 400 μL distilled water, and 100 μL 5 wt% Nafion solution. After sonication for half an hour, 15 μL of the mixture was dropped onto a rotating disk electrode. After natural drying, PtCu was tested using an electrochemical workstation. x Pb 1-x The electrochemical performance of the / C catalyst was assessed using mercurous sulfate as the reference electrode, a graphite rod as the counter electrode, and 0.1 M HClO4 as the electrolyte. Catalytic activity under acidic conditions was tested at a scan rate of 0.01 V / s. Stability testing was performed for 30,000 cycles at a scan rate of 0.05 V / s. CV comparison graphs are shown below. Figure 3 The results show that PtCu x Pb 1-x A higher oxygen reduction potential indicates a weaker affinity for O, which facilitates the release of subsequent products and thus enhances the catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, x is 0.9, while other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, x is 0.5, while other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] Compared to Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, the solvothermal temperature is changed to 160°C. o C. Other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] Compared to Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, the solvothermal temperature is changed to 200°C. o C. Other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] Compared to Example 1, the only difference is that in step 2, the modified carbon black and PtCu... x Pb 1-x In the catalyst, PtCu x Pb 1-x The catalyst loading was 30 wt.%, and other operations, parameters, and tests were the same as in Example 1.

[0079] Example 7

[0080] Compared to Example 1, the only difference is that in step 2, the modified carbon black and PtCu... x Pb 1-x In the catalyst, PtCu x Pb 1-x The catalyst loading was 50 wt.%, and other operations, parameters, and tests were the same as in Example 1.

[0081] Example 8

[0082] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, the concentration of Formula 2A in mixture A is 10mM, and all other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0083] Example 9

[0084] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, the concentration of Formula 2A in mixture A is 18mM, and all other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0085] Example 10

[0086] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in step 1, the molar ratio of Formula 1A, Formula 3A1, and Formula 5 is 1:0.8:0.6; the molar ratio of Formula 1A and Formula 4A is 1:50; other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that comparative formula A is used. The same molar substitution formula 2A is used, and other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that comparative formula B is used. The same molar substitution formula 2A is used, and other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that comparative formula C is used. The same molar substitution formula 2A is used, and other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 4

[0094] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate is used instead of Formula 1A, wherein the amount of platinum molar and other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 5

[0096] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that copper chloride is used instead of Form 2A, while the amount of copper molar and other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 6

[0098] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that lead nitrate is used instead of lead chloride. However, the molar amount of lead, as well as the operation, parameters, and testing, are the same as in Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 7

[0100] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Formula 4A is not added, while the lead molar amount, operation, parameters and testing are the same as in Example 1.

[0101] Comparative Example 8

[0102] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Formula 3A1 is not added; all other operations, parameters, and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0103] Comparative Example 9

[0104] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that ethylene glycol is used instead of Formula 5A, while the other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0105] Comparative Example 10

[0106] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Comparative Formula D (Comparative Formula D is a compound in which Cl replaces Br in Formula 3A1) is used instead of Formula 3A. All other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 11

[0108] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that lead chloride is not added, that is, x is 1. All other operations, parameters and tests are the same as in Example 1.

[0109] The electrochemical test results and subsequent calculations of the catalysts and commercial Pt / C prepared in each example and comparative example are listed in Table 1.

[0110]

[0111] In summary, as demonstrated in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11, the innovative use of lead chloride and formulas 1 to 5 as raw materials for solvothermal treatment, based on the combination of the components, structures, and functional groups of the raw materials, unexpectedly achieves synergy, successfully constructing PtCu. x Pb 1-x The material is octahedral and possesses abundant twinned structures. The preparation method of this invention can produce novel materials with unique physicochemical properties, while also exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and stability for fuel cells.

[0112] Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 1-3, when x is 0.5-0.9, especially when it is 0.8±0.05, a better twin-rich structure can be obtained, which helps to obtain better catalytic activity and acid resistance.

[0113] As demonstrated in Examples 1, 4, and 5, using a solvothermal reaction, especially controlling the solvothermal temperature to 160-200°C, and further controlling it to 180±5°C, can yield a better twin-rich structure, which helps to obtain better catalytic activity and acid resistance.

[0114] As can be seen from Examples 1, 6 and 7, different loading amounts, especially at a loading amount of 40±5%, can exhibit better catalytic activity and acid resistance stability.

[0115] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 8-10, the method of the present invention can achieve good long-term circulation effect.

[0116] PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x A comparison of LSVs obtained from tests of fuel cell catalysts and commercial Pt / C catalysts in an acidic system is shown in the figure. Figure 4 PtCu x Pb 1-x A higher half-wave potential of the catalyst indicates higher catalytic activity.

[0117] The comparison of LSV of commercial Pt / C fuel cell catalysts before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system is shown in the figure. Figure 5 After 30,000 cycles of stability testing, the half-wave potential of the Pt / C catalyst decreased by 49 mV.

[0118] PtCu prepared in Example 1 x Pb 1-x The comparison of LSV of fuel cell catalyst before and after 30,000 cycles of ADTs in an acidic system is shown in the figure. Figure 6 After 30,000 cycles of stability testing, PtCu...x Pb 1-x The half-wave potential of the catalyst decreased by only 12 mV.

[0119] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A twinned PtCu x Pb 1-x OCTAHEDRAL MATERIAL CHARACTERIZED BY, PtCu x Pb 1-x material, wherein PtCu x Pb 1-x x in the material is 0.5-0.95; The twinned PtCu x Pb 1-x The method for preparing the octahedral material comprises the following steps: The mixed solution containing lead chloride, formula 1, formula 2, formula 3, formula 4, formula 5, DMF is subjected to solvothermal treatment to prepare the twinned PtCu rich x Pb 1-x octahedral material; Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Formula 4 Formula 5 In formula 1, R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 2, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 3, R3is C 10 ~C 20 alkyl, R4is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 4, R5 is H or C1-C3 alkyl.

2. A twinned PtCu of claim 1 x Pb 1-x A method of producing an octahedral material, characterized by, The mixed solution containing lead chloride, formula 1, formula 2, formula 3, formula 4, formula 5, DMF is subjected to solvothermal treatment to prepare the twinned PtCu rich x Pb 1-x octahedral material; Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Formula 4 Formula 5 In formula 1, R1 is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 2, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 3, R3is C 10 ~C 20 alkyl, R4is C1-C3 alkyl; In formula 4, R5 is H or C1-C3 alkyl.

3. The twinned PtCu of claim 2 x Pb 1-x A method of producing an octahedral material, characterized by, Formula 1 is formula 1A, which is a formula 1 compound with R1 being methyl; Formula 2 is formula 2A, which is a formula 2 compound with R2 being methyl; Formula 3 is Formula 3A, which is a compound of Formula 3 wherein R3is C 14 ~C 18 methyl; Formula 4 is formula 4A, which is a formula 4 compound with R5 being H; Formula 5 is formula 5A; Formula 5A.

4. The twinned PtCu of claim 2 or 3 x Pb 1-x A method of producing an octahedral material, characterized by, The molar ratio of formula 1, formula 2, lead chloride is 1:x:1-x, wherein x is 0.5-0.95; The molar ratio of formula 1, formula 3, formula 4, formula 5 is 1:0.2-2:20-160:0.2-5; The molar concentration of formula 2 relative to DMF is 3-20 mM.

5. The twinned PtCu of claim 2 x Pb 1-x A method of producing an octahedral material, characterized by, The temperature of the solvothermal reaction is 140-300°C; The time of the solvothermal reaction is 8-24 h.

6. A twinned PtCu of claim 1 x Pb 1-x octahedral material or a twinned PtCu prepared by the method of any one of claims 2 to 5 x Pb 1-x use of an octahedral material, characterized in that It is used as a catalyst for preparing a fuel cell.

7. A supported catalyst comprising a support and an active catalyst, characterized in that, The active catalyst comprises the twinned PtCu rich of claim 1 x Pb 1-x Octahedral material or the twinned PtCu rich prepared by the method of any one of claims 2-5 x Pb 1-x Octahedral material.

8. The supported catalyst of claim 7, wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, ceria, and mixtures thereof. The carrier is a carbon carrier, and the loading of the active catalyst is 20-60 wt.%. The application discloses a method for preparing a catalyst for a fuel cell.

9. An electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate and an active material layer complexed on a surface thereof, characterized in that, The active material layer comprises an active catalyst and a binder, wherein the active catalyst comprises the twinned PtCu-rich of claim 1 x Pb 1-x The octahedral material, the twinned PtCu-rich prepared by the method of any one of claims 2-5 x Pb 1-x The octahedral material, the supported catalyst of any one of claims 7-8.

10. A fuel cell characterized by comprising: Twinning-enriched PtCu comprising the PtCu of claim 1 x Pb 1-x Ocatahedral material or the method of any one of claims 2-5 for making the twinning-enriched PtCu x Pb 1-x Ocatahedral material.

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