Hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage

Abstract

A hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage, capable of improving the accuracy and reliability of a simulation result. The system comprises: a liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage physical system (7), a real-time simulator, and a superordinate computer. The liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage physical system (7) comprises: a fuel cell device (1), a water-electrolysis-based hydrogen production device (2), and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6). The fuel cell device (1) is configured to convert hydrogen into electric energy and provide power supply for a power system; the water-electrolysis-based hydrogen production device (2) is configured to convert electric energy into chemical energy to be stored in hydrogen; the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6) is configured to perform liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage; the real-time simulator is configured to generate control signals of the liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage physical system (7) on the basis of operation parameters of the liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage physical system (7) and an operating condition of a simulated renewable energy power generation system; and the superordinate computer is configured to monitor and manage operating conditions of the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-superconducting hybrid energy storage physical system (7).

Description

A semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, and in particular to a semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Existing single energy storage technologies are insufficient to simultaneously meet the demands of large-scale renewable energy generation for both medium- and long-term energy storage and ultra-short-term power storage. Therefore, a hybrid energy storage system combining liquid hydrogen (energy-type) and superconducting magnetic energy storage has been proposed. This system utilizes liquid hydrogen as a large-scale, long-term energy storage medium, achieving bidirectional energy exchange between electricity and hydrogen through water electrolysis and fuel cell components. Simultaneously, it leverages the rapid response and high power output of superconducting magnetic energy storage to provide short-term power support for the power system. This system combines the advantages of both energy and power storage, effectively mitigating power fluctuations across various timescales and improving overall energy efficiency. Furthermore, liquid hydrogen also serves as a cooling medium for the superconducting magnet, avoiding the increased costs associated with separate liquid nitrogen or liquid helium refrigeration systems for the magnet, thus achieving a dual coupling of energy and matter in the hybrid energy storage device.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, as a novel composite energy storage concept, is still in its early stages of research both domestically and internationally. Most studies utilize computer simulation methods for purely digital simulation research of this energy storage technology. This involves constructing mathematical models of various components such as liquid hydrogen storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and fuel cells. Computer simulations are then used to model the operation of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system under different operating conditions, such as varying grid loads and different operating modes. The simulation results are then used to analyze the system's performance indicators, such as energy conversion efficiency, response time, temperature changes, and energy loss.

[0004] However, the normal operation of key components such as liquid hydrogen energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and fuel cells is affected by the coupling effects of multiple physical fields such as electric field, temperature field, flow field, and magnetic field. At the same time, the influence of other auxiliary equipment (cooling equipment, circulating pumps, etc.) in the entire industrial system should also be considered. These influencing factors are difficult to simulate in pure digital simulation. The existing pure digital simulation models of liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage systems cannot well describe the operation of the system, which affects the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, which solves the technical problem that the existing pure digital simulation models of liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage systems cannot well describe the operation of the system, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system, comprising: a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, a real-time simulator, and a host computer;

[0007] The liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system includes: a fuel cell device, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0008] The real-time simulator is connected to the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system and the host computer, respectively.

[0009] The fuel cell device is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction during peak electricity demand periods, thereby providing power to the power system.

[0010] The water electrolysis hydrogen production device is used to generate hydrogen through water electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand, converting surplus electrical energy from the power system into chemical energy stored in the hydrogen.

[0011] The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device is used for liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage. It cools the superconducting magnet according to the low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, and then stores or releases electrical energy based on the liquid hydrogen and the cooled superconducting magnet.

[0012] The real-time simulator is used to simulate the renewable energy power generation system and obtain the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system. Based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, the simulator generates the control signal of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system.

[0013] The host computer is used to monitor and manage the operation of the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system further includes: a bidirectional controllable DC power supply, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a controllable circulation pump;

[0015] The bidirectional controllable DC power supply is connected to the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, respectively.

[0016] The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device via the controllable circulation pump; the controllable circulation pump is also connected to the real-time simulator.

[0017] The bidirectional controllable DC power supply is used to provide power to the superconducting magnet in the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and to simulate the charging and discharging conditions of the superconducting magnet through bidirectional power supply.

[0018] The liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store liquid hydrogen and to replenish or store liquid hydrogen for the liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage device through the controllable circulation pump.

[0019] The controllable circulation pump is used to control the bidirectional flow of liquid hydrogen between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system include: the electrolysis voltage of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis current of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis temperature of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the voltage of the fuel cell device, the current of the fuel cell device, the flow rate of the fuel cell device, the liquid hydrogen level of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, the superconducting magnet current of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the simulated renewable energy power generation system includes: a renewable energy power system simulation model, a hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and a power conversion and control unit;

[0022] The renewable energy power system simulation model is used to provide the grid structure and load demand for the simulated renewable energy power generation system, and to simulate the real-time operating status of the grid; wherein, the real-time operating status includes: power generation, transmission, distribution and load changes of the grid;

[0023] The hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization simulation model is used to simulate the thermodynamic behavior and energy conversion of hydrogen during the liquefaction and vaporization processes.

[0024] The power conversion and control unit is used to realize the energy conversion between the simulated renewable energy power generation system and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage physical system, and to manage the charging and discharging process in the hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the simulation of the renewable energy power generation system includes:

[0026] The basic architecture of a renewable energy power system is constructed, and wind speed and solar radiation are used as driving signals for the architecture to build a corresponding simulation model of the renewable energy power system; wherein, the basic architecture includes: grid topology, generation units, transmission lines and loads;

[0027] The energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen during compression, cooling, liquefaction and vaporization processes, as well as the corresponding safety constraints, are obtained. Based on the energy conversion efficiency and the safety constraints, a corresponding hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model is constructed.

[0028] Construct the corresponding converter unit, and simulate the energy transfer between the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system and the power grid or load based on the converter unit, thereby generating the corresponding power conversion and control unit;

[0029] Based on the aforementioned renewable energy power system simulation model, hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and power conversion and control unit, a simulation of the renewable energy power generation system is performed, generating the corresponding simulated renewable energy power generation system.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the control signals of the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system include: the hydrogen flow control signal of the fuel cell device, the electrolysis current control signal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the current control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply, and the flow control signal of the bidirectional circulation pump.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the step of obtaining the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, and generating control signals for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, includes:

[0032] Based on the operating conditions of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, the difference between the total power generation and the total load power in the simulated renewable energy power generation system is calculated, and the difference is taken as the unbalanced power of the simulated renewable energy power generation system.

[0033] The unbalanced power is decomposed into high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components. Based on the high-frequency power components, low-frequency power components, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system, a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system is generated so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system can smooth out the high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components according to the control signal.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, the step of generating a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system based on the high-frequency power component, the low-frequency power component, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system, so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system can suppress the high-frequency power component and the low-frequency power component according to the control signal, includes:

[0035] For the high-frequency power component, based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, a first control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system is generated, so that the controllable bidirectional DC power supply controls the charging and discharging current of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage device according to the first control signal, thereby suppressing the high-frequency power component.

[0036] For the low-frequency power component, when grid power redundancy occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a second control signal is generated for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, so that the water electrolysis hydrogen production device converts excess electrical energy into hydrogen according to the second control signal to smooth out the low-frequency power component.

[0037] When a power deficit occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a third control signal is generated for the fuel cell device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system. This enables the fuel cell device to convert stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, thereby suppressing the low-frequency power component.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, after the water electrolysis hydrogen production device converts excess electrical energy into hydrogen gas according to the second control signal, it further includes:

[0039] The actual hydrogen production in the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is obtained, and then a fourth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system is generated based on the actual hydrogen production. This allows the bidirectional circulation pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fourth control signal, thereby delivering liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage device.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, after the fuel cell device converts the stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, it further includes:

[0041] The actual power generation in the fuel cell device is obtained, and then a fifth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage system is generated based on the actual power generation. This allows the bidirectional circulation pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fifth control signal, thereby delivering the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage device to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] This invention provides a semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, comprising: a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, a real-time simulator, and a host computer; the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system includes: a fuel cell device, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device; the real-time simulator is connected to both the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system and the host computer; the fuel cell device is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction during peak electricity demand to provide power to the power system; the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is used to generate hydrogen through an electrolysis water reaction during off-peak electricity demand to convert surplus electrical energy of the power system into chemical energy. The energy is stored in hydrogen gas; the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device is used for liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage. It cools the superconducting magnet based on the low-temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, and then stores or releases electrical energy based on the liquid hydrogen and the cooled superconducting magnet; the real-time simulator is used to simulate the renewable energy power generation system and obtain the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system. Based on the operating parameters and the simulated operating status of the renewable energy power generation system, it generates control signals for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system; the host computer is used to monitor and manage the operation of the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0044] Compared to traditional purely digital simulation research, this invention incorporates physical components such as a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a fuel cell device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device. By introducing these actual physical devices, the credibility and accuracy of the simulation experiments are significantly improved, ensuring that the simulation results are closer to real-world application scenarios. This greatly narrows the gap between simulation and actual operation and provides reliable technical support for future prototype development and practical engineering applications. Furthermore, this invention, through a real-time simulation platform and host computer, combined with the real-time collaborative interactive operation of the physical devices, greatly enhances the ability to analyze system responses under complex operating conditions. This semi-physical simulation method not only verifies the dynamic behavior of the system under different complex operating conditions, better describes the system's operation, and improves the accuracy and reliability of simulation results, but also effectively reduces the time and cost of prototype development and improves system testing safety. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0050] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0052] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, a real-time simulator, and a host computer;

[0056] The liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system includes: a fuel cell device, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0057] The real-time simulator is connected to the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system and the host computer, respectively.

[0058] The fuel cell device is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction during peak electricity demand periods, thereby providing power to the power system.

[0059] The water electrolysis hydrogen production device is used to generate hydrogen through water electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand, converting surplus electrical energy from the power system into chemical energy stored in the hydrogen.

[0060] The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device is used for liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage. It cools the superconducting magnet according to the low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, and then stores or releases electrical energy based on the liquid hydrogen and the cooled superconducting magnet.

[0061] The real-time simulator is used to simulate the renewable energy power generation system and obtain the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system. Based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, the simulator generates the control signal of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system.

[0062] The host computer is used to monitor and manage the operation of the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0063] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system further includes: a bidirectional controllable DC power supply, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a controllable circulation pump; the bidirectional controllable DC power supply is connected to both the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device via the controllable circulation pump; the controllable circulation pump is also connected to the real-time simulator; the bidirectional controllable DC power supply is used to provide electrical energy to the superconducting magnet in the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and to simulate the charging and discharging conditions of the superconducting magnet through bidirectional power supply; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store liquid hydrogen, and to replenish or store liquid hydrogen for the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device through the controllable circulation pump; the controllable circulation pump is used to control the bidirectional flow of liquid hydrogen between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0064] Specifically, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform and method for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage by combining the RT-LAB real-time simulator with actual hardware. The simulation platform is divided into a physical side and a digital side. The physical side includes key components such as a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a fuel cell device, and a controllable bidirectional power supply. Compared to pure digital simulation, physically replacing these key components in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system improves the accuracy and reliability of the simulation, and better reflects the interaction between the system and the external environment and its real-time dynamic characteristics. The digital side constructs a renewable energy power generation simulation model and corresponding control strategies, mitigating the cost issues associated with building a purely physical platform. Furthermore, the digital side allows for flexible setting of different application scenarios or modification of simulation parameters, enhancing the safety and flexibility of the simulation experiments.

[0065] The physical and digital sides establish communication to achieve real-time bidirectional signal interaction, enabling real-time simulation of real-world scenarios. Simultaneously, it can collect experimental parameters from the physical side's water electrolysis hydrogen production, fuel cell, and superconducting magnet devices, as well as liquid hydrogen characteristic parameters, providing data support for the testing and optimization of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system. Through this simulation platform, the performance of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system under different operating conditions can be flexibly evaluated, and its potential advantages and problems in different application scenarios can be explored, thus providing important references for the design and practical application of liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage systems.

[0066] To achieve the aforementioned technical objectives, this invention provides a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform and method for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage. This platform utilizes the RT-LAB real-time simulator to construct a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform integrating a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnet, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a fuel cell device, and their supporting components. Through RT-LAB's high-speed computational capabilities and real-time flexible control characteristics, this platform can more realistically simulate the operating characteristics of a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage device under various operating scenarios, significantly improving the reliability of simulation results, effectively reducing investment costs, and shortening the R&D cycle. This provides an advanced priori testing platform for the design, verification, and optimization of future prototypes, further promoting the rapid development of liquid hydrogen superconducting energy storage technology and accelerating its practical application.

[0067] The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation platform, as shown in Figure 1, mainly consists of: a fuel cell device (1), a water electrolysis hydrogen production device (2), a bidirectional controllable DC power supply (3), a liquid hydrogen storage tank (4), a controllable circulation pump (5), a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6), an RT-LAB real-time simulator, and a host computer. Among them, the fuel cell device (1), the water electrolysis hydrogen production device (2), and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6) together constitute the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system (7).

[0068] Among them, the fuel cell device (1) is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, providing power supply during peak electricity demand; the water electrolysis hydrogen production device (2) generates hydrogen through water electrolysis, and during off-peak electricity demand, it utilizes surplus electrical energy from the power system to convert it into chemical energy and store it in hydrogen; the bidirectional controllable DC power supply (3) is used to provide electrical energy to the superconducting magnet (21), simulating the charging and discharging conditions of the superconducting magnet through bidirectional power supply; the liquid hydrogen storage tank (4) is used to store liquid hydrogen, and is used to replenish or transfer the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6); the controllable circulation pump (5) is used to control the flow of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (4) and... The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6) has bidirectional flow between itself and the superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6). The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6) combines liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage, and uses the low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen to cool the superconducting magnet to achieve efficient energy storage and release. It is the core of the entire liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation platform. The RT-LAB real-time simulator is used for real-time simulation and control of the system, simulating and replacing the power system, hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization device and power conversion and controller that are difficult to realize in reality. The host computer is used to monitor and manage the entire simulation platform, and provides a human-machine interface to facilitate operators to control the system and analyze data.

[0069] Preferably, the simulated renewable energy power generation system includes: a renewable energy power system simulation model, a hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and a power conversion and control unit; the renewable energy power system simulation model is used to provide the grid structure and load demand for the simulated renewable energy power generation system, and to simulate the real-time operating status of the grid; wherein, the real-time operating status includes: power generation, transmission, distribution, and load changes of the grid; the hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization simulation model is used to simulate the thermodynamic behavior and energy conversion of hydrogen during liquefaction and vaporization; the power conversion and control unit is used to realize the energy conversion between the simulated renewable energy power generation system and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage physical system, and to manage the charging and discharging process in the hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0070] Preferably, the simulation of the renewable energy power generation system includes: constructing the basic architecture of the renewable energy power system, and using wind speed and solar radiation as driving signals for the basic architecture, thereby constructing a corresponding renewable energy power system simulation model; wherein, the basic architecture includes: grid topology, power generation units, transmission lines, and loads; obtaining the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen during compression, cooling, liquefaction, and vaporization processes, as well as the corresponding safe operation constraints, and constructing a corresponding hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model based on the energy conversion efficiency and the safety constraints; constructing a corresponding converter unit, and simulating the energy transfer between the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system and the grid or load based on the converter unit, thereby generating a corresponding power conversion and control unit; and simulating the renewable energy power generation system based on the renewable energy power system simulation model, the hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and the power conversion and control unit, thereby generating a corresponding simulated renewable energy power generation system.

[0071] Specifically, the RT-LAB real-time simulator possesses high-performance parallel computing and I / O management capabilities, with up to 64 analog or 128 digital I / O channels. Its I / O is modular and flexible, allowing customization to meet specific I / O needs. Based on MATLAB / Simulink, it builds simulation models of renewable energy power systems with a high proportion of new energy sources, hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization models, and power conversion and control models of liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage systems. These models are then loaded into RT-LAB for real-time simulation, replacing the actual power system, hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization device, and power conversion and controller.

[0072] In terms of specific construction methods, the renewable energy power system simulation model uses the Simscape Power Systems module in Simulink to build the basic architecture of the power system, including the grid topology, generation units (wind power, photovoltaic, etc.), transmission lines, and loads. The modeling of the new energy part needs to consider its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics, and use appropriate external inputs such as wind speed and sunlight as driving signals. The hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization model is constructed based on the energy conversion efficiency of the compression, cooling, liquefaction, and vaporization processes of hydrogen, while also considering the safety operation constraints of the hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization device. The power conversion and control unit is constructed to accurately describe the bidirectional energy conversion and simulate the energy transfer between the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system and the grid or load.

[0073] Specifically, the renewable energy power system simulation model provides the grid structure and load demand of the entire system, simulates the real-time operating status of the grid, including power generation, transmission, distribution, and load changes, and verifies the performance of the liquid hydrogen superconducting syngas storage system under different operating conditions; the hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization model simulates the thermodynamic behavior and energy conversion during the liquefaction and vaporization processes of hydrogen, verifies the efficiency and safety of the hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization processes, ensures the stability and energy efficiency of the liquid hydrogen storage system under various operating conditions, and considers the energy demand during the cooling and heating processes; and the power conversion and control unit realizes the energy conversion between the power system and the hydrogen energy storage system, and manages the charging and discharging processes of the liquid hydrogen energy storage unit and the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit.

[0074] Preferably, the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system include: the electrolysis voltage of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis current of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis temperature of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the voltage of the fuel cell device, the current of the fuel cell device, the flow rate of the fuel cell device, the liquid hydrogen level of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, the superconducting magnet current of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

[0075] Preferably, the control signals of the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system include: the hydrogen flow control signal of the fuel cell device, the electrolysis current control signal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the current control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply, and the flow control signal of the bidirectional circulation pump.

[0076] Specifically, in terms of signal transmission, the RT-LAB real-time simulator establishes TCP / IP (16) communication with the host computer via a network cable. The RT-LAB integrates analog input (AI) and analog output (AO) boards. The analog input board inputs the measurement feedback signals of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, fuel cell device and hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, corresponding to (8), (9) and (15) respectively. The measured physical quantity is converted into a standard analog voltage signal of 0 to 10V through the corresponding sensor, and then transmitted to the interface between the physical device and the RT-LAB real-time simulator through the signal transmission line. The analog signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog input board (A / D converter) for processing and use by the simulation system; the analog output board outputs control signals for the fuel cell device, the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the bidirectional controllable DC power supply and the bidirectional circulating pump, corresponding to (10), (11), (12) and (13) respectively. After the control signals are generated by the simulation system, they are converted into standard analog voltage signals of 0-10V by the analog output board, and then transmitted to the physical equipment through the signal transmission line to finally control the operation of the physical equipment. Specifically, (8) corresponds to the electrolysis voltage, current and temperature signals of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, (9) corresponds to the voltage, current and flow rate signals of the fuel cell device, (15) corresponds to the liquid hydrogen level, superconducting magnet current and temperature signals, (10) corresponds to the hydrogen flow control signal of the fuel cell device, (11) corresponds to the electrolysis current control signal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, (12) corresponds to the current control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply, (13) corresponds to the flow control signal of the bidirectional circulating pump, and (14) corresponds to the power supply current of the superconducting magnet. All the control and measurement signals mentioned above can be displayed and recorded in real time by the host computer. The host computer can not only intuitively display the real-time status of each key parameter, but also continuously record the changing trends and historical data of these signals, providing comprehensive support for system monitoring and analysis, ensuring the visual management of operation, and providing an important basis for subsequent performance optimization and fault diagnosis.

[0077] Preferably, the step of obtaining the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system and generating a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system includes: calculating the difference between the total power generation and the total load power in the simulated renewable energy power generation system based on the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, and using the difference as the unbalanced power of the simulated renewable energy power generation system; decomposing the unbalanced power into high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components, and generating a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system based on the high-frequency power components, low-frequency power components, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system, so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system can smooth out the high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components according to the control signal.

[0078] Preferably, the step of generating a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the high-frequency power component, the low-frequency power component, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system, so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system can suppress the high-frequency and low-frequency power components according to the control signal, includes: for the high-frequency power component, generating a first control signal for the controllable bidirectional DC power supply in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system, so that the controllable bidirectional DC power supply can control the charging and discharging current of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage device according to the first control signal to suppress the high-frequency power component; for the low-frequency power component, ... When grid power redundancy occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a second control signal is generated for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system. This allows the water electrolysis hydrogen production device to convert excess electrical energy into hydrogen according to the second control signal, thereby suppressing the low-frequency power component. When grid power deficit occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a third control signal is generated for the fuel cell device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system. This allows the fuel cell device to convert stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, thereby suppressing the low-frequency power component.

[0079] Preferably, after the water electrolysis hydrogen production device converts excess electrical energy into hydrogen according to the second control signal, the method further includes: obtaining the actual hydrogen production in the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and then generating a fourth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system according to the actual hydrogen production, so that the bidirectional circulation pump adjusts the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fourth control signal, and delivers liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage device.

[0080] Preferably, after the fuel cell device converts the stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, the method further includes: obtaining the actual power generation in the fuel cell device, and then generating a fifth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system according to the actual power generation, so that the bidirectional circulation pump adjusts the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fifth control signal, and delivers the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage device to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0081] Specifically, this hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform realistically simulates the main operation of a liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage prototype using three core devices: a fuel cell device (1), a water electrolysis hydrogen production device (2), and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6), along with their supporting components. Considering the high cost, time-consuming nature, and relatively low safety of physical manufacturing of new power systems with a high proportion of new energy sources, hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization devices, and power conversion and control modules, these components are constructed as digital models on the RT-LAB real-time simulation platform. Through the platform's real-time calculation function, the digital model can accurately control the coordinated operation of the physical devices, greatly improving the economy and safety of the simulation and providing an efficient and reliable verification method for the future development of actual prototypes.

[0082] The simulation method for this platform is as follows:

[0083] First, a stable connection between the RT-LAB real-time simulator and the host computer is established by establishing TCP / IP communication (16). Using the host computer software, a simulation model of a new power system with a high proportion of new energy, a hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization device, and a power conversion and control module is constructed in the RT-LAB real-time simulator, and the corresponding input and output signal interfaces are configured. The power measurement module in Simulink is used to calculate the difference between the generated power and the load power in real time. Specifically, the power output and input of each component are measured using power sensors, and the difference between the total generated power and the total load power is calculated to obtain the unbalanced power (i.e., the difference between the generated power and the load). The unbalanced power of the system is filtered to decompose into high-frequency and low-frequency components, of which the high-frequency component is undertaken by the superconducting magnetic energy storage system and the low-frequency component is undertaken by the liquid hydrogen energy storage system. Since the carrying capacity of the superconducting magnetic energy storage and liquid hydrogen energy storage is limited by the current system state, it is necessary to collect state signals (such as temperature, liquid level, etc.) in real time to evaluate the actual carrying capacity of each energy storage unit. By combining these state signals, the simulation part will generate reasonable control signals to effectively allocate unbalanced power, accurately regulate the operating status of external components, and ensure the stable operation of the system and the optimized utilization of energy storage resources.

[0084] Because superconducting magnets possess extremely fast response speeds and high power densities, they can store and release electrical energy within milliseconds. Therefore, when high-frequency power imbalances occur in the power grid or system, superconducting magnets can rapidly absorb or release electrical energy, smoothing power fluctuations and maintaining stable system operation. The conversion between electrical and hydrogen energy is relatively slow, making liquid hydrogen energy storage systems suitable for handling low-frequency power imbalances. Liquid hydrogen energy storage systems have high energy density and can store large amounts of energy for extended periods, making them suitable for handling prolonged power imbalances and large-scale energy storage needs.

[0085] For superconducting magnets, temperature is a crucial indicator because their performance is highly dependent on their operating temperature. Monitoring temperature allows us to determine if the superconducting magnet is operating at its optimal state; excessively high temperatures reduce its load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of current and voltage can assess the instantaneous power output capability and current energy storage status of the superconducting magnet. For liquid hydrogen energy storage systems, the liquid level directly reflects the stored energy, thus assessing the available energy reserves.

[0086] The unbalanced power is decomposed into high-frequency and low-frequency components through filtering. Then, based on the filtered power components, corresponding control signals are generated to adjust the output power of each energy storage unit. For superconducting magnets, the control signals adjust their charging and discharging power to cope with high-frequency fluctuations; for liquid hydrogen energy storage systems, the control signals adjust the operating power of the fuel cell unit and the water electrolysis hydrogen production unit to cope with low-frequency fluctuations.

[0087] In power system simulation, to cope with high-frequency and rapid power fluctuations, the operation of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply (3) is adjusted by issuing control signals, thereby controlling the charging and discharging current of the superconducting magnetic energy storage device to simulate its effect on smoothing high-frequency power fluctuations. The superconducting magnetic energy storage device, with its high power density and fast response capability, can effectively buffer these power fluctuations in a short time and maintain system stability.

[0088] For low-frequency power fluctuations in the power system, when the power grid has power redundancy (i.e., the power generation exceeds the load demand), the operation of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is controlled by signal (11) to convert the excess electrical energy into hydrogen. The reaction equation for water electrolysis hydrogen production is: 2H2O→2H2+O2 (1)

[0089] Subsequently, based on the actual hydrogen production collected by signal (8), signal (13) is adjusted to control the flow rate of the bidirectional circulation pump, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (4) is transported to the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6). This process simulates the process of the hydrogen liquefaction device liquefying hydrogen and storing it in the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, further enhancing the system's energy storage and regulation capabilities.

[0090] In the power system, when low-frequency power fluctuations occur and the power grid is short-supplied (i.e., the power generation is lower than the load demand), the operation of the fuel cell device is controlled by signal (10) to convert the stored hydrogen into electrical energy to supplement the power gap in the simulated power system. The fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. Its basic principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and cathode respectively. After hydrogen diffuses outward through the anode and reacts with the electrolyte, it releases free electrons, which are transmitted through the external circuit and generate electrical energy. The reaction equation of the hydrogen fuel cell is: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O (2)

[0091] Based on the actual power generation collected by signal (9), the compensation amount is precisely adjusted to ensure stable system operation. At the same time, based on the actual hydrogen demand, the flow rate of the bidirectional circulation pump is controlled by adjusting signal (13) to transport liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device (6) to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (4). This process simulates the process of liquid hydrogen vaporization device vaporizing liquid hydrogen into hydrogen, providing a continuous hydrogen supply for the fuel cell and ensuring its efficient operation. This process effectively simulates the response mechanism of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system in response to grid power shortage, demonstrating its key role in balancing power and stabilizing power supply in the power system.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device. The core component of this hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform, the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, mainly consists of: a cryogenic level transmitter (17), a high-precision digital current source (18), a cryogenic temperature sensor (19), liquid hydrogen (20), a superconducting magnet (21), an adiabatic Dewar (22), and an aviation connector (23). Specifically, the cryogenic level transmitter (17) needs to have an accuracy class of 1.0 or higher and be able to withstand an ultra-low temperature environment of 20K, and is specifically used to measure the liquid hydrogen level in the adiabatic Dewar. To ensure that the superconducting magnet is always immersed in liquid hydrogen and to prevent quenching failure, the minimum liquid hydrogen level must always be higher than the height of the superconducting magnet. The cryogenic temperature sensor (19) uses a DT64 silicon diode temperature sensor, with a temperature measurement range covering 4 to 325K. Inside the device, four temperature sensors are arranged to monitor the temperature of hydrogen above the liquid surface, the temperature of liquid hydrogen below the liquid surface, the surface temperature of the superconducting magnet, and the bottom temperature of the liquid hydrogen from top to bottom, providing comprehensive temperature monitoring to ensure the safe and stable operation of the device. A high-precision digital current source (18) is used to provide a precise excitation current of 10μA for the cryogenic temperature sensors. It is particularly important to note that each temperature sensor must have an independent current channel, and the four temperature sensors cannot be connected in series to avoid affecting the accuracy of the current output, thereby ensuring the accuracy of temperature measurement. The liquid level, temperature, and superconducting magnet current are all converted into analog signals and input to the RT-LAB real-time simulator for control feedback and data result analysis.

[0093] Therefore, this invention provides a semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, which can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0094] (1) This invention constructs a semi-physical simulation platform for a liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage system. Compared with traditional pure digital simulation research, it adds the physical integration of key equipment—a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, a fuel cell device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device—and their supporting components. By introducing these actual physical devices, the credibility and accuracy of the simulation experiments are greatly improved, ensuring that the simulation results are closer to real application scenarios, and greatly narrowing the gap between simulation and actual operation, thereby providing reliable technical support for the development of future prototypes and practical engineering applications.

[0095] (2) This invention utilizes the RT-LAB real-time simulation platform to achieve digital simulation of high-proportion new energy power systems, hydrogen liquefaction / vaporization devices, and power conversion and control modules. Combined with the real-time collaborative operation of physical equipment, it greatly enhances the ability to analyze system responses under complex operating conditions. This semi-physical simulation method can not only verify the dynamic behavior of the system under different complex operating conditions, but also effectively reduce the time and cost of prototype development and improve the safety of system testing.

[0096] (3) It can realize the dynamic selection and monitoring of key parameter variables of the physical side electrolysis water hydrogen production device, fuel cell device and liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage device during real-time operation, and dynamically adjust the parameters of the digital side model, providing practical basis for actual engineering design;

[0097] (4) The multi-module scalability of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform based on the RT-LAB real-time simulator provides greater flexibility and scalability for subsequent testing research and prototype development. Simulation modules can be flexibly added or adjusted according to actual needs, thereby quickly adapting to different testing requirements and research directions. This high scalability not only helps to accelerate the verification and optimization of new functions, but also expands the capabilities of the simulation system without increasing hardware investment, laying a solid foundation for future large-scale applications.

[0098] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-physical simulation system for liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage, characterized in that, include: Liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, real-time simulator and host computer; The liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system includes: a fuel cell device, a water electrolysis hydrogen production device, and a liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device. The real-time simulator is connected to the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage physical system and the host computer, respectively. The fuel cell device is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction during peak electricity demand periods, thereby providing power to the power system. The water electrolysis hydrogen production device is used to generate hydrogen through water electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand, converting surplus electrical energy from the power system into chemical energy stored in the hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device is used for liquid hydrogen energy storage and superconducting magnetic energy storage. It cools the superconducting magnet according to the low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, and then stores or releases electrical energy based on the liquid hydrogen and the cooled superconducting magnet. The real-time simulator is used to simulate the renewable energy power generation system and obtain the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system. Based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, the simulator generates the control signal of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system. The host computer is used to monitor and manage the operation of the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

2. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system also includes: a bidirectional controllable DC power supply, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a controllable circulation pump; The bidirectional controllable DC power supply is connected to the real-time simulator and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, respectively. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device via the controllable circulation pump; the controllable circulation pump is also connected to the real-time simulator. The bidirectional controllable DC power supply is used to provide power to the superconducting magnet in the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and to simulate the charging and discharging conditions of the superconducting magnet through bidirectional power supply. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store liquid hydrogen and to replenish or store liquid hydrogen for the liquid hydrogen cooling superconducting magnetic energy storage device through the controllable circulation pump. The controllable circulation pump is used to control the bidirectional flow of liquid hydrogen between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

3. The liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage hardware-in-the-loop simulation system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage physical system include: the electrolysis voltage of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis current of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the electrolysis temperature of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the voltage of the fuel cell device, the current of the fuel cell device, the flow rate of the fuel cell device, the liquid hydrogen level of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, the superconducting magnet current of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device, and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

4. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage hardware-in-the-loop simulation system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The simulated renewable energy power generation system includes: a renewable energy power system simulation model, a hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and a power conversion and control unit; The renewable energy power system simulation model is used to provide the grid structure and load demand for the simulated renewable energy power generation system, and to simulate the real-time operating status of the grid; wherein, the real-time operating status includes: power generation, transmission, distribution and load changes of the grid; The hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization simulation model is used to simulate the thermodynamic behavior and energy conversion of hydrogen during the liquefaction and vaporization processes. The power conversion and control unit is used to realize the energy conversion between the simulated renewable energy power generation system and the liquid hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage physical system, and to manage the charging and discharging process in the hydrogen-cooled superconducting magnetic energy storage device.

5. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The simulation of the renewable energy power generation system includes: The basic architecture of a renewable energy power system is constructed, and wind speed and solar radiation are used as driving signals for the architecture to build a corresponding simulation model of the renewable energy power system; wherein, the basic architecture includes: grid topology, generation units, transmission lines and loads; The energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen during compression, cooling, liquefaction and vaporization processes, as well as the corresponding safety constraints, are obtained. Based on the energy conversion efficiency and the safety constraints, a corresponding hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model is constructed. Construct the corresponding converter unit, and simulate the energy transfer between the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system and the power grid or load based on the converter unit, thereby generating the corresponding power conversion and control unit; Based on the aforementioned renewable energy power system simulation model, hydrogen liquefaction and vaporization model, and power conversion and control unit, a simulation of the renewable energy power generation system is performed, generating the corresponding simulated renewable energy power generation system.

6. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The control signals of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system include: the hydrogen flow control signal of the fuel cell device, the electrolysis current control signal of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device, the current control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply, and the flow control signal of the bidirectional circulation pump.

7. The liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system and generating control signals for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system based on the operating parameters and the operating status of the simulated renewable energy power generation system includes: Based on the operating conditions of the simulated renewable energy power generation system, the difference between the total power generation and the total load power in the simulated renewable energy power generation system is calculated, and the difference is taken as the unbalanced power of the simulated renewable energy power generation system. The unbalanced power is decomposed into high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components. Based on the high-frequency power components, low-frequency power components, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system, a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system is generated so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system can smooth out the high-frequency power components and low-frequency power components according to the control signal.

8. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The step of generating a control signal for the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system based on the high-frequency power component, the low-frequency power component, and the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system, so that the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system can suppress the high-frequency power component and the low-frequency power component according to the control signal, includes: For the high-frequency power component, based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, a first control signal of the controllable bidirectional DC power supply in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system is generated, so that the controllable bidirectional DC power supply controls the charging and discharging current of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage device according to the first control signal, thereby suppressing the high-frequency power component. For the low-frequency power component, when grid power redundancy occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a second control signal is generated for the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage physical system, so that the water electrolysis hydrogen production device converts excess electrical energy into hydrogen according to the second control signal to smooth out the low-frequency power component. When a power deficit occurs in the simulated renewable energy power generation system, a third control signal is generated for the fuel cell device in the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system based on the operating parameters of the liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage system. This enables the fuel cell device to convert stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, thereby suppressing the low-frequency power component.

9. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, After the water electrolysis hydrogen production device converts excess electrical energy into hydrogen gas according to the second control signal, it further includes: The actual hydrogen production in the water electrolysis hydrogen production device is obtained, and then a fourth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage system is generated based on the actual hydrogen production. This allows the bidirectional circulation pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fourth control signal, thereby delivering liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid hydrogen superconducting synergistic energy storage device.

10. The liquid hydrogen superconducting co-existing energy storage semi-physical simulation system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, After the fuel cell device converts the stored hydrogen into electrical energy according to the third control signal, it further includes: The actual power generation in the fuel cell device is obtained, and then a fifth control signal for the bidirectional circulation pump in the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage system is generated based on the actual power generation. This allows the bidirectional circulation pump to adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen delivery according to the fifth control signal, thereby delivering the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen superconducting fusion energy storage device to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

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