Dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, terminal and unmanned equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal and unmanned equipment. The dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna comprises a dielectric substrate; the first radiation unit comprises a first radiation section and a second radiation section; the second radiation unit comprises a third radiation section and a fourth radiation section; the first radiation section and the third radiation section are distributed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the fourth radiation section and the second radiation section are distributed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; the first radiation section is of a multi-section type forming structure and comprises a first radiation branch knot, a second radiation branch knot and a third radiation branch knot. The third radiation section is of a winding structure; the second radiation section comprises a fourth radiation branch knot which is of a strip-shaped structure; the fourth radiation section is of an integrally-formed structure and comprises a fifth radiation branch knot, a sixth radiation branch knot and a seventh radiation branch knot, and the sixth radiation branch knot and the seventh radiation branch knot are the same in structure and are distributed in an axial symmetry mode with respect to the central axis of the fifth radiation branch knot. The dual-band antenna provided by the invention has small-size and narrow-beam high-gain radiation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal and an unmanned device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in fields such as surveying, inspection, logistics and emergency rescue, the demand for stable communication ability of unmanned aerial vehicles beyond the line of sight and over a long distance (e.g. more than 20 kilometers) is increasingly urgent. One of the keys to achieving this goal lies in the performance of the airborne antenna. However, the unmanned aerial vehicle platform has extremely stringent limitations on the size, weight and aerodynamic characteristics of the antenna, which brings great challenges to the antenna design.

[0003] At present, when the existing unmanned aerial vehicle communication antenna meets the above-mentioned comprehensive needs, it usually has the following technical defects: 1) Conflict between size and performance: Traditional high-performance antennas (such as array antennas or high-gain omnidirectional antennas) often require a larger physical size or a complex structure, which is contrary to the development trend of miniaturization and lightweight of unmanned aerial vehicles. If the size of the antenna is simply reduced, it will inevitably lead to a decrease in gain and efficiency, which cannot meet the signal strength required for long-distance communication.

[0004] 2) Complexity of multi-band design: Modern unmanned aerial vehicles usually need to work at multiple frequency bands (for example, 1.4 GHz is used for remote control and data transmission, and 2.4 GHz is used for image transmission or other load communication). In the existing technology, the design of antennas that can work at dual or multi-frequency bands is often complex (such as using multiple independent resonant units or complex matching circuits), which increases the size, manufacturing cost and reliability of the antenna.

[0005] 3) Limitations of radiation pattern: In order to achieve long-distance communication, the ideal antenna should have omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the horizontal plane to ensure that the unmanned aerial vehicle can maintain connection with the ground station at any azimuth angle, and at the same time have a narrow beam width in the vertical plane to concentrate energy on a small elevation angle range near the horizontal plane (for the flight application scenario between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the remote controller, according to the trigonometric function, the small angle directivity meets the application scenario when the unmanned aerial vehicle is more than 5KM away and the height is more than 100 meters, the angle is usually within 0-5°), so as to maximize the far-field gain. Most existing small omnidirectional antennas are difficult to achieve such precise vertical plane beam control while maintaining a small size.

[0006] 4) Defects of existing whip antennas: Although conventional whip antennas have the advantage of good omnidirectionality, they usually work at a single frequency band or a wide frequency band, and the gain optimization at specific frequency bands (1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz) is insufficient, and it is difficult to achieve narrow beam characteristics in the vertical plane under a compact size.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative antenna solution that can support multiple key frequency bands such as 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz while maintaining extremely compact physical dimensions, and achieve horizontal omnidirectional and vertical narrow-beam high-gain radiation, thereby effectively solving the core contradiction between ultra-long distance communication and platform miniaturization of unmanned aerial vehicles. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, a terminal and an unmanned device.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present application, a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna is provided, comprising: a dielectric substrate having opposite first and second surfaces; a first radiation unit comprising a first radiation segment and a second radiation segment; a second radiation unit comprising a third radiation segment and a fourth radiation segment; wherein the first radiation segment and the third radiation segment are distributed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, there is a feed gap between the first radiation segment and the third radiation segment, and the fourth radiation segment and the second radiation segment are oppositely distributed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; the first radiation segment is a multi-segment shaped structure, the first radiation segment comprises a first radiation branch, a second radiation branch and a third radiation branch, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch are two-stage stepped structures, and the third radiation branch is a ring structure and is distributed on both sides of the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch; the third radiation segment is a winding structure and is distributed close to the first radiation branch; the second radiation segment comprises a fourth radiation branch, the fourth radiation branch is a strip structure and is distributed along the width direction of the dielectric substrate; the fourth radiation segment is a one-piece shaped structure, the fourth radiation segment comprises a fifth radiation branch, a sixth radiation branch and a seventh radiation branch, the sixth radiation branch and the seventh radiation branch are the same structure and are axially symmetrically distributed about the lengthwise central axis of the fifth radiation branch.

[0010] Preferably, the width ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 2:1, and the length ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the third radiation branch is a "G"-shaped ring structure and is provided in multiple, and the number of the third radiation branches distributed on both sides of the second radiation branch is greater than that of the first radiation branches.

[0012] Preferably, the second radiation section comprises at least two fourth radiation branches, and the at least two fourth radiation branches are equidistantly distributed on one side of the fifth radiation branch.

[0013] Preferably, the third radiation section is an "arch" type winding structure, and the arch ratio of the third radiation section is 1:1.

[0014] Preferably, the sixth radiation branch comprises a first radiation sub-branch and a second radiation sub-branch, the first radiation sub-branch is connected to the fifth radiation branch and is a multi-stage ladder structure, the second radiation sub-branch is connected to the outer side of the first radiation sub-branch and is a strip structure, and a "U" type gap is formed between the sixth radiation branch and the second radiation sub-branch on both sides of the seventh radiation branch.

[0015] Preferably, the first radiation sub-branch is a three-stage ladder structure, and the three-stage ladder width ratio of the first radiation sub-branch is 2:1:10.

[0016] Preferably, the fifth radiation branch is provided with a resonance gap along the central axis direction for adjusting the resonance frequency.

[0017] Preferably, the application further comprises a feed-in coaxial line, the core of the feed-in coaxial line extends out of the shielding layer and is electrically connected to the first radiation section, the shielding layer of the feed-in coaxial line is electrically connected to the third radiation section, and the other end of the feed-in coaxial line is connected to a threaded sleeve, thereby forming the output of the antenna.

[0018] Preferably, the dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole corresponding to the positions of the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section, and the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section are connected through the through hole.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the application, a terminal is provided, comprising the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described above.

[0020] According to a third aspect of the application, an unmanned device is provided, comprising the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna as described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: (1) The application realizes the first impedance matching from the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch, ensures the gradual transition of impedance from the feed-in point to the top of the antenna, realizes the second impedance matching through the mutual coupling between the fourth radiation section and the first radiation branch, and realizes the third impedance matching by filtering out the spurs generated by the feed-in coaxial line common mode through the third radiation branch. Through the three times of impedance matching, the first radiation unit of the application realizes a higher impedance of 1.4GHz, and the antenna can work at a more effective frequency, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the antenna.

[0022] (2) The fourth radiation branch of the present application adopts the principle of a director, and the problem of the upward deviation of the 1.4 GHz pattern of the first radiator due to the influence of the feed coaxial line is pulled downward by the director, so that the 1.4 GHz pattern meets the requirement of small angle of the vertical plane of the antenna directivity for long-distance flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and provides a unique radiation mode and performance for the antenna, which helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0023] (3) The second radiation unit of the present application adopts a unique way of dipole superposition, and the precise coupling of the fourth radiation section and the first radiation branch realizes the good impedance of the second radiator at 2.4 GHz, improves the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna, and the length of the fourth radiation section is one quarter of the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, which effectively controls the resonance tuning of 2.4 GHz. The third radiation section adopts a coiled structure with a length of one half of the wavelength of 2.4 GHz. The coiled structure effectively shortens the size requirement while effectively superimposes the 2.4 GHz radiation energy, and the length can also adjust the 2.4 GHz resonance deviation. The third radiation section and the fourth radiation section are connected through the upper and lower layer through holes, and are distributed in front and back directions, so that 2.4 GHz meets the requirement of small angle of the vertical plane of the antenna directivity for long-distance flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and provides a unique radiation mode and performance for the antenna, which helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of the embodiments will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.

[0025] Figure 1 is an assembly structure schematic diagram of a dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of the first face of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a structure schematic diagram of the second face of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a return loss performance parameter diagram of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is an efficiency diagram of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one specific embodiment of the present application; Figure 6is a vertical plane pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one embodiment of the present application at 1.43GHz-1.49GHz; Figure 7 is a horizontal plane pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one embodiment of the present application at 1.43GHz-1.49GHz; Figure 8 is a vertical plane pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one embodiment of the present application at 2.4GHz-2.5GHz; Figure 9 is a horizontal plane pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to one embodiment of the present application at 2.4GHz-2.5GHz.

[0026] Meaning of each number in the figure: 1, dielectric substrate; 11, feed gap; 12, through-hole 2, first radiation unit; 21, first radiation section; 211, first radiation branch; 212, second radiation branch; 213, third radiation branch; 22, second radiation section; 221, fourth radiation branch; 3, second radiation unit; 31, third radiation section; 32, fourth radiation section; 321, fifth radiation branch; 3211, resonant gap; 322, sixth radiation branch; 3221, first radiation sub-branch; 3222, second radiation sub-branch; 323, seventh radiation branch; 4, feed coaxial line; 41, wire core; 42, shielding layer; 43, threaded sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration illustrative embodiments in which the application can be practiced. For purposes of explanation and illustration, directional terms are used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used in connection with the illustrative embodiments for purposes of illustration only and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments can be utilized and logical changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present application. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

[0028] With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles in various fields, the unmanned aerial vehicles have extremely strict requirements on the size, weight, aerodynamic characteristics and the like of antennas. The antennas not only need to work at multiple frequency bands, but also need to have the characteristics of small size and high gain, and also need to meet the requirements of the directionality angle of the antennas for long-distance flight of the unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0029] The existing antenna design schemes mainly include the following: A conventional single-band whip antenna design scheme: a basic form of monopole or dipole is adopted, and the physical length of the radiation unit is adjusted to make it resonate at a specific frequency band, such as 2.4 GHz. The structure is usually a metal rod or a straight / inverted F-shaped trace printed on a PCB. However, such an antenna can usually only work effectively in a relatively narrow frequency band, and cannot cover both 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz, which are crucial in UAV communication. If dual-frequency is to be achieved by adding a matching circuit, the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna will be sacrificed, and the design complexity will be increased.

[0030] A high-gain design scheme based on an array antenna: in order to obtain high gain and narrow beam, multiple antenna units (such as patch antennas and microstrip antennas) are arranged according to certain rules to form an antenna array. By controlling the feed network and the spacing between units, beamforming can be achieved to concentrate energy in a specific direction. However, the physical size of the antenna array is usually proportional to the gain, which is difficult to meet the stringent requirements of UAVs for small size and low profile antennas. The complex feed network will also lead to high design difficulty, high manufacturing cost and increased power consumption. Moreover, the beam is usually not omnidirectional, which is not suitable for the omnidirectional coverage of UAV communication scenarios.

[0031] A conventional dual-band PCB antenna design scheme: two radiation units of different shapes and sizes are designed on a PCB (for example, a longer branch for low frequency 1.4 GHz and a shorter branch for high frequency 2.4 GHz), or a complex radiation patch structure (such as a snake-shaped trace or a slotted patch) with multiple resonance points is used. Although this scheme realizes the dual-band function, these designs often have shortcomings in radiation pattern control. They are difficult to ensure horizontal plane omnidirectionality while achieving an extremely narrow beam width such as 0~5 degrees in the vertical plane. In addition, multiple resonance structures usually occupy a larger board area, which is contrary to the extremely compact size in the future.

[0032] A flexible or conformal antenna design scheme: the antenna radiation unit is made on a flexible substrate (such as polyimide), which can be attached to the curved shell of the UAV for installation, to reduce air resistance and protect the antenna. The design focus of such an antenna is on its mechanical structure and installation method, rather than the precise optimization of its radiation performance. Its electrical performance (especially gain and vertical beam width) often compromises the mechanical structure, and it is difficult to stably achieve the high gain and narrow beam indicators required for ultra-long distance (20 KM) communication.

[0033] In summary, the antenna design scheme in the prior art cannot simultaneously realize dual-band (e.g., 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz) operation, horizontal plane omnidirectional coverage, vertical plane narrow beam (e.g., 0-5 degrees), and dual-band high-gain radiation (e.g., 1.4 GHz realizes 2dBi gain, and 2.4 GHz realizes 4dBi gain) on a small-size PCB board. Therefore, the present application aims to fill this technical gap.

[0034] According to a first aspect of the present application, a dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna is provided. The specific structure of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0035] With reference to Figures 1-3 The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna of the present application includes a dielectric substrate 1 having opposite first and second faces, and first and second radiation units 2 and 3 are printed in the form of patches on the first and second faces of the dielectric substrate 1. The length of the first radiation unit 2 is greater than that of the second radiation unit 3, and a feed gap 11 exists between the first and second radiation units 2 and 3. The feed gap 11 has a width of 1.5 mm, and through the feed gap 11, the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiation units can be reduced, and the antenna isolation can be improved. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna further includes a feed coaxial line 4, the core 41 of which extends out of the shielding layer 42 and is electrically connected to the first radiation unit 2, and the shielding layer 42 of the feed coaxial line 4 is electrically connected to the second radiation unit 3. The other end of the feed coaxial line 4 is connected to a threaded sleeve 43, thereby forming the output of the dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is a double-layer PCB board, the first face of the dielectric substrate 1 is the front face, the second face is the back face, the material of the dielectric substrate 1 is FR-4, the length is 90 mm, the width is 12 mm, and the thickness is 0.75 mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, through the structural design and arrangement design of the first and second radiation units 2 and 3, the resonant frequency of the first radiation unit 2 is 1.4-1.5 GHz, and the resonant frequency of the second radiation unit 3 is 2.4-2.5 GHz. The structural design and arrangement design of the first and second radiation units 2 and 3 will be described in detail below.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the first radiation unit 2 includes first and second radiation segments 21 and 22, and the second radiation unit 3 includes third and fourth radiation segments 31 and 32. Among them, the first and second radiation segments 21 and 22, and the third and fourth radiation segments 31 and 32 are all distributed in a staggered manner on the first and second faces of the dielectric substrate 1 in the form of a variant of asymmetric dipoles.

[0039] Specifically, the first radiation section 21 and the third radiation section 31 are distributed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1, and the feeding gap 11 is present between the first radiation section 21 and the third radiation section 31. Correspondingly, the fourth radiation section 32 and the second radiation section 22 are distributed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1, and a plurality of through holes 12 are formed on the dielectric substrate 1 corresponding to the positions of the third radiation section 31 and the fourth radiation section 32, and the third radiation section 31 and the fourth radiation section 32 are connected through the through holes 12. Thus, the first radiation unit 2 and the second radiation unit 3 are distributed in a staggered manner on the upper and lower layers of the dielectric substrate 1 in the form of a variant of an asymmetric dipole.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the first radiation section 21 includes, in order from the direction close to the third radiation section 31 to the direction away from the third radiation section 31, a first radiation branch 211, a second radiation branch 212, and a third radiation branch 213, and the total length is 51mm~55mm.

[0041] In the embodiment, the first radiation branch 211 and the second radiation branch 212 are both in strip structure and are in two-stage stepped structure, the width of the first radiation branch 211 is greater than that of the second radiation branch 212, and the length of the first radiation branch 211 is the same as that of the second radiation branch 212. Impedance matching is achieved by the first radiation branch 211 to the second radiation branch 212, ensuring gradual transition of impedance from the feeding point to the end of the antenna.

[0042] In the embodiment, the width ratio of the first radiation branch 211 to the second radiation branch 212 is 2:1, and the length ratio is 1:1. In other embodiments, the width ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch can be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited here.

[0043] The third radiation branch 213 is in ring structure and is provided in plurality, and the plurality of third radiation branches 213 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first radiation branch 211 and the second radiation branch 212. The third radiation branch 213 adopts the choke ring principle to form multiple stages of filtering on both sides of the first radiation branch 211 and the second radiation branch 212, thereby removing the spurious waves caused by the common mode of the feeding coaxial line 4, and improving the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna.

[0044] In the embodiment, the third radiation branch 213 is in "G" type ring structure, the third radiation branch 213 is provided in eight, and the number of the third radiation branch 213 distributed on both sides of the second radiation branch 212 is greater than that of the first radiation branch 211, of which two are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the end of the first radiation branch 211, and six are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second radiation branch 212. Through this arrangement, the common mode influence caused by the feeding coaxial line 4 can be better reduced.

[0045] In other embodiments, the third radiation branch can also be other loop structures, and the number and arrangement of the third radiation branch can be set according to actual needs, which are not limited here.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the second radiation section 22 includes at least two fourth radiation branches 221, each having a length of 12 mm and a width of 0.8 mm, and the at least two fourth radiation branches 221 are arranged at equal intervals on one side of the fourth radiation section 32. Since the radiation pattern of the first radiation unit 2 is upwardly offset due to the influence of the feed line, the fourth radiation section 32 adopts a director principle to pull down the radiation pattern of the first radiation unit 2 through the director, so that the radiation pattern of the first radiation unit 2 meets the requirement of small angle of the vertical plane of the antenna directivity for long-distance flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby providing the antenna with a unique radiation mode and performance, and helping to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0047] In this embodiment, the fourth radiation branch 221 is provided with 2.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the third radiation section 31 has a loop structure, and the total length is one half of the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, about 30 mm to 35 mm. The loop structure of the third radiation section 31 not only shortens the size requirement, but also effectively superimposes the 2.4 GHz radiation energy, and the length can be adjusted to offset the 2.4 GHz resonance.

[0049] In this embodiment, the third radiation section 31 has an "arch" loop structure, and the arch ratio is 1:1. In other embodiments, the third radiation section can also be other loop structures, and the loop ratio can also be adjusted according to actual needs, which are not limited here.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, the fourth radiation section 32 is provided with a "U"-shaped notch, and the opening of the "U"-shaped notch is directed to the extension direction of the first radiation unit 2, opposite to the third radiation section 31, and the total length is about 30 mm to 35 mm.

[0051] Specifically, the fourth radiation section 32 includes a fifth radiation branch 321, a sixth radiation branch 322, and a seventh radiation branch 323.

[0052] The fifth radiation branch 321 is the main body of the fourth radiation section 32, and the middle part of the fifth radiation branch 321 is provided with a strip-shaped resonance gap 3211, which is used to adjust the resonance frequency.

[0053] The sixth radiation branch 322 includes a first radiation sub-branch 3221 and a second radiation sub-branch 3222. The first radiation sub-branch 3221 is arranged at the opening of the resonant slot 3211 and is a multi-stage stepped groove structure; the second radiation sub-branch 3222 is arranged outside the first radiation sub-branch 3221 and is a strip structure, the length of which is a quarter of the wavelength of 2.4 GHz, about 17 mm-20 mm, and the length can also effectively adjust the resonance shift of 2.4 GHz.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first radiation sub-branch 3221 is a three-stage stepped groove structure, and the width ratio of each stepped groove is 2:1:10.

[0055] The seventh radiation branch 323 has the same structure as the sixth radiation branch 322 and is axially symmetrically distributed about the central axis with respect to the length of the fifth radiation branch 321, and the seventh radiation branch 323 and the sixth radiation branch 322 form the above-mentioned "U"-shaped notch.

[0056] The second radiation unit 3 of this embodiment adopts a unique dipole superposition mode, and through the precise coupling of the first radiation branch 211 and the first radiation sub-branch 3221 and the second radiation sub-branch 3222, the second radiation unit 3 achieves good impedance at 2.4 GHz, improving the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna.

[0057] Through the structural design and arrangement design of the first radiation unit 2 and the second radiation unit 3, the current is uniformly distributed in the working frequency band, so that the antenna has the characteristics of dual-frequency narrow-beam omnidirectional radiation, the impedance of the antenna is higher through multiple impedance matching, and the size of the antenna is reduced through reasonable layout.

[0058] Referring to Figure 4 The return loss performance parameter diagram of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna can be seen that the resonant frequency of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna of this embodiment is at 1.4 GHz (1.43 GHz-1.49 GHz) and 2.4 GHz (2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz), and the return loss is less than-15 dB, and the performance is superior.

[0059] Referring to Figure 5 The efficiency diagram of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna can be seen that the resonant frequency of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna of this embodiment is at 1.4 GHz (1.43 GHz-1.49 GHz) and 2.4 GHz (2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz), and the efficiency is greater than 70%, the transmission efficiency is high, and the transmission performance demand of the communication equipment is met.

[0060] Referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7The 2D pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna at 1.43GHz-1.49GHz has a maximum gain greater than 2dBi, meets the 360° unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight requirement in the horizontal plane, and meets the UAV application scenario (UAV long-distance flight) in the vertical plane (small angle directivity according to the trigonometric function, which meets the flight application scenario between the UAV and the remote controller, for example, the UAV is more than 5KM away, the height is more than 100 meters, and the angle is usually within 0-5°, and as the distance increases, the angle becomes smaller, and tends to 0° infinitely).

[0061] Referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The 2D pattern of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna at 2.4GHz-2.5GHz has a maximum gain greater than 4dBi, meets the 360° unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight requirement in the horizontal plane, and has a narrow-beam directivity in the vertical plane, which also meets the UAV application scenario.

[0062] In summary, the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna of the present application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The first impedance matching is achieved by the first radiation branch 211 reaching the second radiation branch 212, which ensures the gradual transition of impedance from the feed point to the top of the antenna; the second impedance matching is achieved by the precise coupling of the first radiation branch 211 with the first radiation sub-branch 3221 and the second radiation sub-branch 3222; and the third impedance matching is achieved by filtering out the spurious waves caused by the common mode of the feed coaxial line 4 through the third radiation branch 213. Through three times of impedance matching, the first radiation unit 2 of the present application realizes a higher impedance of 1.4GHz, and the antenna can work at a more effective frequency, improving the transmission efficiency of the antenna.

[0063] (2) The fourth radiation branch 221 of the present application uses the principle of a director to pull down the upward shift of the 1.4GHz pattern of the first radiation unit 2 caused by the influence of the feed coaxial line, so that the 1.4GHz pattern meets the requirement of small angle of the vertical plane of the antenna directivity for long-distance flight of the UAV, providing a unique radiation mode and performance for the antenna, which helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0064] (3) The second radiating unit 3 of the application adopts a unique vibrator superposition mode. The first radiating branch 211 is precisely coupled with the first radiating sub-branch 3221 and the second radiating sub-branch 3222 to realize good impedance of the second radiator at 2.4 GHz, improve the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna, and effectively control the resonance tuning of 2.4 GHz. The third radiating section 31 adopts an "arch" structure with a length of one-half wavelength of 2.4 GHz. The "arch" structure effectively superimposes the 2.4 GHz radiation energy while shortening the size requirement. The length can also adjust the 2.4 GHz resonance offset. The third radiating section 31 and the fourth radiating section 32 are connected by the upper and lower layer through holes 12 and are distributed in front and back directions, so that 2.4 GHz meets the requirement of small-angle narrow beam of the antenna directivity vertical plane for long-distance flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, provides a unique radiation mode and performance for the antenna, helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna, and meets the signal transmission requirement of the unmanned aerial vehicle for ultra-long distance (20 KM and above).

[0065] According to the second aspect of the application, a terminal is also provided, which comprises the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to the first aspect.

[0066] In the embodiment, the terminal is an unmanned aerial vehicle remote controller. In other embodiments, the terminal can also be other remote controllers (such as a television remote controller), routers, and other electronic devices, which are not limited herein.

[0067] In the embodiment, the threaded sleeve 43 of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna is used to connect the unmanned aerial vehicle remote controller.

[0068] According to the third aspect of the application, an unmanned device is also provided, which comprises the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to the first aspect.

[0069] In the embodiment, the unmanned device is an unmanned aerial vehicle. In other embodiments, the unmanned device can also be an unmanned vehicle, an unmanned ship, and the like, which are not limited herein.

[0070] In the embodiment, the threaded sleeve 43 of the dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna is used to connect the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0071] It is clear that many modifications and changes can be made to the embodiments of the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In that manner, the application also intends to cover what falls within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The mere fact that different claims depend on a common parent claim does not indicate that combinations of measures of the different dependent claims cannot be used in advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna, characterized in that, The application relates to an antenna, which comprises: a medium substrate with opposite first and second surfaces; a first radiation unit comprising a first radiation section and a second radiation section; a second radiation unit comprising a third radiation section and a fourth radiation section; wherein the first radiation section and the third radiation section are distributed on the first surface of the medium substrate, a feed gap is formed between the first radiation section and the third radiation section, and the fourth radiation section and the second radiation section are oppositely distributed on the second surface of the medium substrate; the first radiation section is a multi-section shaped structure, the first radiation section comprises a first radiation branch, a second radiation branch and a third radiation branch, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch are two-stage stepped structures, the third radiation branch is a ring-shaped structure and is distributed on both sides of the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch; the third radiation section is a winding structure and is distributed close to the first radiation branch; the second radiation section comprises a fourth radiation branch, the fourth radiation branch is a strip-shaped structure and is distributed along the width direction of the medium substrate; the fourth radiation section is an integrally formed structure, the fourth radiation section comprises a fifth radiation branch, a sixth radiation branch and a seventh radiation branch, the sixth radiation branch and the seventh radiation branch are the same structure and are axially symmetrically distributed about the length direction of the fifth radiation branch.

2. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the width ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 2:1, and the length ratio of the first radiation branch to the second radiation branch is 1:

1.

3. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the third radiation branch is a "G"-shaped ring-shaped structure and is provided with a plurality of third radiation branches, and the number of the third radiation branches distributed on both sides of the second radiation branch is greater than that of the first radiation branch.

4. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the second radiation section comprises at least two fourth radiation branches, and the at least two fourth radiation branches are equidistantly distributed on one side of the fifth radiation branch.

5. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the third radiation section is an "arch"-shaped winding structure, and the arch-shaped ratio of the third radiation section is 1:

1.

6. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the sixth radiation branch comprises a first radiation sub-branch and a second radiation sub-branch, the first radiation sub-branch is connected to the fifth radiation branch and is a multi-stage stepped groove-shaped structure, the second radiation sub-branch is connected to the outer side of the first radiation sub-branch and is a strip-shaped structure, and a "U"-shaped notch is formed between the sixth radiation branch and the second radiation sub-branch on both sides of the seventh radiation branch.

7. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the first radiation sub-branch is a three-stage stepped groove-shaped structure, and the three-stage stepped groove width ratio is 2:1:

10.

8. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, the fifth radiation branch is provided with a resonance gap for adjusting the resonance frequency along the central axis direction.

9. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, a feed coaxial line is further provided, the core of the feed coaxial line extends out of the shielding layer and is electrically connected to the first radiation section, the shielding layer of the feed coaxial line is electrically connected to the third radiation section, and the other end of the feed coaxial line is connected to a threaded sleeve, so as to form the output of the antenna.

10. The dual-band high-gain narrow-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein, a through hole is formed on the medium substrate at the positions corresponding to the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section, and the third radiation section and the fourth radiation section are connected through the through hole.

11. A terminal, characterized by comprising: A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-10.

12. An unmanned device, comprising: A dual-frequency high-gain narrow-beam antenna comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-10.

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