Microorganism improvement and cultivation integrated method and system for saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method and system for saline-alkali soil, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out multi-point sampling detection on target saline-alkali soil, obtaining the soil salinity content of each sampling point, and dividing the target saline-alkali soil into different types of saline-alkali areas based on the soil salinity content; respectively generating functional microbial florae and biological organic products aiming at different types of saline-alkali areas based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali soil; the functional microbial flora and the biological organic product are mixed according to the mass ratio, and the microbial soil conditioner for different types of saline-alkali areas is obtained. Identifying a sticky heavy texture area in the target saline-alkali soil, and performing deep layering treatment on the sticky heavy texture area to obtain a loose plough layer of the target saline-alkali soil; and uniformly applying a microbial soil conditioner to the loose plough layer to obtain an improved layer of the target saline-alkali soil, and carrying out tillage treatment on the improved layer. The efficiency of saline-alkali soil improvement and cultivation can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method and system for saline-alkali soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] Saline-alkali soil is an important reserve of farmland resources in global agricultural development, and is widely distributed in many regions such as the Bohai Rim, the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu, and the inland areas of northwest China. Reasonable improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil is of great significance to increasing the area of arable land and ensuring food security. The core requirement of saline-alkali soil improvement technology is to solve the problems of soil salt accumulation, nutrient deficiency, imbalance of microbial community, and poor soil structure, so as to achieve the improvement of soil fertility and the normal growth of crops.

[0003] In the existing saline-alkali soil improvement technology, the physical improvement method mainly uses simple deep plowing and drainage to achieve short-term desalination, but it does not consider the difference in soil salt distribution, resulting in uneven desalination effect and inability to improve soil nutrient status and microbial ecology. The chemical improvement method often uses chemical reagents such as gypsum to neutralize soil alkalinity, which may cause secondary soil pollution and does not customize a solution for different saline-alkali regions according to their nutrient needs. Although the biological improvement method attempts to use microbial inoculants, the strain screening lacks pertinence and does not combine the soil differences between the farmland system and the natural system of saline-alkali land to verify the function. Moreover, the scientific proportioning of microbial inoculants and organic matter is lacking, resulting in low colonization rate of microbial groups and poor nutrient activation effect, which seriously limits the efficiency and large-scale application of saline-alkali soil improvement. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method and system for saline-alkali soil, which aims to solve the problem of low efficiency in saline-alkali soil improvement and cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil, which comprises:

[0006] Multi-point sampling and detection are performed on the target saline-alkali soil to obtain the soil salt content of each sampling point, and the target saline-alkali soil is divided into different types of saline-alkali regions based on the soil salt content;

[0007] Based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali soil, functional microbial groups and biological organic products are selected and generated for the different types of saline-alkali regions;

[0008] The functional microbial groups and the biological organic products are mixed in a mass ratio to obtain microbial soil improvers for the different types of saline-alkali regions;

[0009] Identify the heavy clay area in the target saline-alkali soil, and perform deep layering treatment on the heavy clay area to obtain a loose cultivation layer of the target saline-alkali soil;

[0010] Uniformly apply the microbial soil modifier to the loose cultivation layer to obtain a modified layer of the target saline-alkali soil, and perform cultivation treatment on the modified layer.

[0011] To solve the above problems, the application further provides a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated system for saline-alkali soil, which comprises:

[0012] A saline-alkali area division module is configured to perform multi-point sampling detection on a target saline-alkali soil to obtain the soil salt content of each sampling point, and divide the target saline-alkali soil into saline-alkali areas of different types based on the soil salt content.

[0013] A functional microbial flora screening and generating module is configured to screen and generate functional microbial floras and biological organic products for the saline-alkali areas of different types based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0014] A microbial soil modifier generating module is configured to mix the functional microbial floras and the biological organic products in a mass ratio to obtain microbial soil modifiers for the saline-alkali areas of different types.

[0015] A deep layering treatment module is configured to identify a heavy clay area in the target saline-alkali soil, and perform deep layering treatment on the heavy clay area to obtain a loose cultivation layer of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0016] A cultivation treatment module is configured to uniformly apply the microbial soil modifier to the loose cultivation layer to obtain a modified layer of the target saline-alkali soil, and perform cultivation treatment on the modified layer.

[0017] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem of inaccurate determination of saline-alkali area by precisely dividing different types of saline-alkali areas through multi-point sampling detection of the target saline-alkali land by combining farmland system and natural system; realizes precise adaptation of flora and organic matter, improves nutrient activation efficiency and flora colonization stability by directional separation of salt-tolerant microbial strains based on soil nutrient parameters, and simultaneously preparing biological organic products; avoids the defect of limited effect of single modifier by obtaining special microbial soil modifier through scientific mixing of functional microbial flora and biological organic products; effectively improves soil structure, enhances soil aeration and water retention by precisely identifying heavy clay areas and performing deep layering treatment; realizes the synergistic effect of microbial improvement and tillage measures by uniformly applying the modifier to the loose tillage layer and performing tillage treatment, significantly reduces soil salinity stress, and improves soil fertility and crop growth adaptability. Therefore, the microbial improvement and tillage integrated method and system for saline-alkali land provided by the present application can solve the problem of low efficiency when improving and tilling saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The flowchart of the microbial improvement and tillage integrated method for saline-alkali land provided by an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0019] Figure 2 The functional module diagram of the microbial improvement and tillage integrated system for saline-alkali land provided by an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0020] The implementation, functional characteristics and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0022] The embodiment of the present application provides a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil. The execution subject of the microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil includes but is not limited to at least one of electronic devices capable of being configured to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, such as a server and a terminal. In other words, the microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil can be executed by software or hardware installed in a terminal device or a server device, and the software can be a blockchain platform. The server includes but is not limited to a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server or a cloud server cluster, etc. The server can be a stand-alone server, or a cloud server providing cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content distribution networks (CDN), and basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0023] Referring to Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment, the microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for saline-alkali soil includes the following steps.

[0024] S1, multi-point sampling detection is performed on a target saline-alkali soil to obtain soil salt content of each sampling point, and the target saline-alkali soil is divided into different types of saline-alkali regions based on the soil salt content.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present application, the target saline-alkali soil refers to a soil region where soil salt content is rich, pH value is high, and crop normal growth is affected, such as a saline-alkali soil region in Nandagang, Huanghua City, Hebei Province. The soil salt content refers to the total content of soluble salts in the soil, which is a core index reflecting the degree of soil salinization. For example, the water-soluble salt content of the test soil in Nandagang, Huanghua is 2.08 g / kg.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present application, the multi-point sampling detection on the target saline-alkali soil to obtain the soil salt content of each sampling point includes the following steps.

[0027] A representative research unit is selected in the range of the target saline-alkali soil, wherein each research unit contains farmland system soil and natural system soil;

[0028] Sampling points are configured in the research unit according to a preset spatial grid distribution principle, and soil samples of each sampling point are collected;

[0029] The soil samples are detected for salt content to obtain the soil salt content of each sampling point.

[0030] In detail, the selection of the research unit needs to comprehensively consider the characteristics of the target saline-alkali land, such as topography, soil type, and salinization degree distribution, to ensure that the selected research unit can fully reflect the soil conditions of the entire target saline-alkali land. For example, in the Huanghua Nandagang coastal saline-alkali farmland demonstration area (about 60 mu), three research units are selected, corresponding to light, moderate, and severe salinization areas respectively. Within each research unit, farmland system soil areas (such as wheat planting areas of Jetmai 19 and corn planting areas of Nongda 372) and natural system soil areas (non-saline-alkali areas) are also demarcated, and the two areas maintain consistency in natural conditions such as terrain slope and soil thickness to ensure the scientific nature of subsequent comparative analysis. The spatial grid distribution principle is determined according to the size of the research unit. For example, for the 14-mu research unit in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area, a 20m x 20m grid spacing is used to divide the grid, and the five-point sampling method is used to select sampling points to ensure uniform distribution of the sampling points. During sampling, the soil profile sampling method is used to collect soil samples from the 0-40cm soil layer, which is the main distribution area of crop roots and has the most significant impact on crop growth. During the collection process, three parallel samples are collected at each sampling point, and plant residues, stones, and other impurities are removed and placed in sealed bags with information such as sampling point location and collection time. For example, the pH value of the 0-20cm soil layer of the soil sample collected at the L2 sampling point in the low-saline-alkali area is 7.50, the EC value is 120.2us / cm, the sodium ion content is 30mg / kg, and the chloride ion content is 32mg / kg. This ensures the uniformity and representativeness of the soil samples, providing a guarantee for the accuracy of subsequent salt content detection results.

[0031] Specifically, the soil samples are naturally dried before detection, ground through a 2mm sieve, and prepared into soil extract according to a soil to water mass ratio of 1:5. The conductivity of the extract is measured using a conductivity meter, and the soil salt content is obtained through a conversion formula. For example, the conductivity of the soil extract at the L3 sampling point in the low-saline-alkali area of the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is 123.2us / cm, and the soil salt content is 2.1g / kg after conversion; the conductivity of the soil extract at the M2 sampling point in the medium-saline-alkali area is 356.0us / cm, and the soil salt content is 5.5g / kg after conversion. At the same time, instruments such as flame photometry and ion chromatography are used to detect the content of soluble salt ions such as sodium ions, chloride ions, and sulfate ions in the extract. For example, the sodium ion content at the H3 sampling point in the medium-saline-alkali area is 296mg / kg, the chloride ion content is 238mg / kg, and the sulfate ion content is 149mg / kg, which helps to determine the main cause of soil salinization.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, different types of saline-alkali areas include low-saline-alkali areas, medium-saline-alkali areas, and high-saline-alkali areas. For example, the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area sets the low-saline-alkali area as 1-3g / kg, and the medium-saline-alkali area as 3-6g / kg.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present application, the target saline-alkali land is divided into different types of saline-alkali regions based on the soil salt content, including:

[0034] The soil salt content of each sampling point is compared with a preset soil salt content threshold range;

[0035] Based on the comparison result and the biological diversity and functional dominant factors of the target saline-alkali land, the target saline-alkali land is divided into different types of regions;

[0036] The spatial boundary information of the different types of regions is identified, and different types of saline-alkali regions are obtained by supplementary sampling detection according to the spatial boundary information.

[0037] In detail, the soil salt content threshold range is determined according to the crop growth demand and the saline-alkali land improvement practice. Referring to the soil conditions of the Huanghua Nandagang Demonstration Zone, the threshold range of the low salt stress region is set as the soil salt content of 1-3 g / kg, and the threshold range of the medium salt stress region is set as the soil salt content of 4-6 g / kg. The soil salt content of each sampling point is substituted into the threshold range for matching to preliminarily determine the type of saline-alkali region to which each sampling point belongs. For example, the soil salt content of the L2 sampling point of the Huanghua Nandagang Demonstration Zone is 1.3 g / kg, which is preliminarily determined as the low salt stress region; the soil salt content of the M2 sampling point is 5.2 g / kg, which is preliminarily determined as the medium salt stress region. The microbial diversity of the soil of each sampling point is analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to determine the types and quantities of functional microorganisms such as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and salt-tolerant fungi, i.e., the biological diversity and functional dominant factors. For example, the quantity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the L3 sampling point of the low saline-alkali region of the Huanghua Nandagang Demonstration Zone is 2.5 x 10 6 CFU / g, the quantity of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is 3.2 x 10 7 CFU / g, and the microbial diversity is relatively high; the quantity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the M2 sampling point of the medium saline-alkali region is 1.1 x 10 6 CFU / g, the quantity of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is 1.5 x 10 7 CFU / g, and the microbial diversity is relatively low. In combination with the comparison result and the biological diversity and functional dominant factors, the target saline-alkali land is divided into more detailed regions, such as dividing the region with a large quantity of functional microorganisms and a high content of soil organic matter (e.g., the organic matter content of the L3 sampling point is 1.58%) in the low saline-alkali region into a low salt suitable planting region and dividing the region with a small quantity of functional microorganisms into a low salt improvement region, thereby improving the scientificity of the division of the saline-alkali region.

[0038] Specifically, using a geographic information system, the coordinates of each sampling point and the type of the region to which it belongs are entered into the system, generating a spatial distribution map of different types of regions, thereby identifying the spatial boundary information of each region, such as the low-saline-alkali region west of the Huanghua Nandagang farmland demonstration area, with boundary coordinates X1-Y1 to X2-Y2, and the medium-saline-alkali region east of the Huanghua Nandagang farmland demonstration area, with boundary coordinates X2-Y2 to X3-Y3. For regions with ambiguous boundaries or transition zones, supplementary sampling points are set at intervals of 5 meters, and soil samples are collected and tested for salt content and biodiversity. For example, at the boundary between the low-saline-alkali region and the medium-saline-alkali region, 5 additional soil samples are collected, 3 of which have a salt content of 2.8-6.2 g / kg. By detecting the number and activity of functional microorganisms, the region with a salt content of 6.0 g / kg and low functional microbial activity is finally classified as a medium-saline-alkali region. Through supplementary sampling and testing, the preliminary classification results are corrected, and finally different types of saline-alkali regions with clear boundaries and distinct characteristics are obtained, solving the problem of inaccurate boundary classification of saline-alkali regions and providing precise spatial basis for the implementation of subsequent customized improvement programs.

[0039] For example, in the sample plot layout of the Huanghua Nandagang farmland demonstration area in Hebei, the spatial distribution, boundary range, and area of the low-saline-alkali region (west of the demonstration area, with a salt content of about 0.1%) and the medium-saline-alkali region (east of the demonstration area, with a salt content of more than 0.3%) are clearly defined. The actual spatial layout of the saline-alkali region classification is demonstrated, verifying the scientificity and operability of the saline-alkali region classification, and providing clear spatial guidance for subsequent targeted application of improvement agents and implementation of tillage treatment.

[0040] Further, different types of saline-alkali regions differ in soil nutrient requirements, salt-tolerant microbial species adaptation, etc. For example, the soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the low-saline-alkali region are relatively sufficient, and the microbial activity needs to be improved, while the soil nutrients in the medium-saline-alkali region are scarce and the saline-alkali stress is severe, and both nutrient supplementation and salt-tolerant and alkali-reducing functions need to be strengthened. Therefore, based on the soil nutrient parameters of each saline-alkali region, functional microbial flora and biological organic products need to be generated in a targeted manner to achieve precise improvement.

[0041] S2, based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali soil, functional microbial flora and biological organic products are selected and generated for the different types of saline-alkali regions.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the soil nutrient parameter refers to an index reflecting the soil nutrient condition, including the content level of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc., such as the organic matter of 21.6 g / kg, the total nitrogen of 1.25 g / kg, and the available phosphorus of 19.0 mg / kg of the soil in the south of Huanghua Dagang. The functional microbial flora refers to a microbial community composed of multiple microbial strains with specific functions, which can cooperatively improve the soil salinization condition and nutrient level. The biological organic product refers to an organic material that can be used with the functional microbial flora after passing the acid adjustment and nutrient detection.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the functional microbial flora and the biological organic product for different types of saline-alkali regions are generated based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali land, including:

[0044] The nutrient level of the soil sample of different types of saline-alkali regions is determined according to the soil nutrient parameters, and the nutrient activation function direction of the microbial flora is determined according to the nutrient level;

[0045] The salt-tolerant microbial strain is separated from the soil sample according to the nutrient activation function direction;

[0046] The compatibility of the salt-tolerant microbial strain before mixing is verified, and the salt-tolerant microbial strain that passes the compatibility verification is subjected to compound culture to obtain the functional microbial flora for different types of saline-alkali regions;

[0047] The carbon source supplement demand of the biological organic product is determined based on the soil organic matter content parameter of different types of saline-alkali regions of the target saline-alkali land, and the basic raw material is selected based on the organic matter composition of the natural system soil of different types of saline-alkali regions;

[0048] The ratio of the basic raw material is adjusted according to the carbon source supplement demand, and the basic raw material after the ratio adjustment is subjected to aerobic fermentation treatment to obtain an initial organic product;

[0049] The initial organic product is subjected to acid adjustment treatment, and the adjusted organic product is subjected to nutrient content detection to obtain a biological organic product.

[0050] In detail, the total nitrogen content of the soil sample is detected by Kjeldahl method, the total phosphorus content is detected by molybdenum-antimony anti-colorimetric method, and the organic matter content is detected by potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method to obtain the soil nutrient parameters. For example, the total nitrogen content of the L2 sampling point in the low saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang is 0.14%, the total phosphorus content is 917.94 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is 6.06 g / kg, which is determined as medium nutrient; the total nitrogen content of the M2 sampling point in the medium saline-alkali area is 0.14%, the total phosphorus content is 956.48 mg / kg, and the organic matter content is 6.94 g / kg, which is determined as nutrient deficiency. According to the detection results, the nutrient level is divided into three grades of sufficient, medium and deficient. For the soil sample with medium nutrient in the low saline-alkali area, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are relatively insufficient, and the nutrient activation function direction of the microbial flora is determined as phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation. For the soil sample with nutrient deficiency in the medium saline-alkali area, in addition to phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, the organic matter decomposition function also needs to be enhanced, and the nutrient activation function direction of the microbial flora is determined as phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation and organic matter decomposition, so as to determine the functional demand of the microbial flora. For the functional direction of phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, phosphorus-solubilizing strains are screened by using the Monggina culture medium, and nitrogen-fixing strains are screened by using the Asubay culture medium. For the functional direction of organic matter decomposition, cellulose-decomposing strains are screened by using a screening culture medium taking cellulose as the only carbon source. During the screening process, the soil sample is diluted and coated on the culture medium, and is cultured at 28°C under the condition that the salt content is consistent with the salt content of the corresponding saline-alkali area soil for 3-5 days. For example, when the phosphorus-solubilizing strains in the low saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang are isolated, the salt content of the culture medium is set to 3.5 g / kg, and the phosphorus-solubilizing Bacillus is isolated, and the phosphorus solubilization amount is 17.6 mg / L. When the nitrogen-fixing strains in the medium saline-alkali area are isolated, the salt content of the culture medium is set to 7.8 g / kg, and the nitrogen-fixing Agrobacterium tumefaciens is isolated, and the nitrogenase activity is 161.29 nmol C2H4 mL 1 h -1 The single colonies grown on the culture medium are picked and purified to obtain salt-tolerant microbial strains, and the strain types are preliminarily identified through morphological observation and physiological and biochemical tests, such as Bacillus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, etc. Among them, Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger can secrete citric acid to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil and adapt to the alkali reduction demand of the medium saline-alkali area.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the compatibility verification of the salt-tolerant microbial strains before mixing includes:

[0052] The community structure of the salt-tolerant microbial strains is analyzed by using omics analysis and fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the relative abundance of each strain in the salt-tolerant microbial strains is determined according to the community structure;

[0053] The promotion effect of the cascade bacteria in the salt-tolerant microbial strains on soil nitrogen is quantified by using gas chromatography, and the cascade synergistic effect among different strains is verified according to the promotion effect and the relative abundance;

[0054] If the cascade synergistic effect does not reach the preset standard, the inoculation ratio of each strain is adjusted, and the step of using omics analysis to analyze the community structure of the salt-tolerant microbial strains is returned to until the cascade synergistic effect meets the preset standard.

[0055] For the salt-tolerant microbial strains meeting the preset standard of the cascade synergistic effect, the chemical composition of the metabolic products of the salt-tolerant microbial strains meeting the preset standard is analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the active ingredients related to soil nutrient activation in the metabolic products are determined according to the chemical composition;

[0056] The types and contents of small-molecule organic matter produced after the salt-tolerant microbial strains meeting the preset standard decompose soil organic matter are analyzed, and the soil-enriching characteristics of the salt-tolerant microbial strains are analyzed according to the active ingredients and the types and contents of small-molecule organic matter.

[0057] The salt-tolerant microbial strains meeting the cascade synergistic effect and having excellent soil-enriching characteristics are used as compatible and qualified microbial strains.

[0058] In detail, the omics analysis uses high-throughput sequencing technology to extract the total DNA of salt-tolerant microbial strains, construct sequencing libraries, and sequence through a high-throughput sequencing platform to obtain the gene sequence data of the strains. Bioinformatics software is used to analyze the gene sequence data, identify the species classification information of each strain, construct a community structure map, determine the relative abundance of each strain in the community, and analyze the absolute abundance of functional bacterial flora through fluorescent quantitative PCR technology. The salt-tolerant microbial strains are added to saline-alkali soil, cultured in a serum bottle for a period of time, and then the ethylene reduction method is used to detect the nitrogen enhancement effect of cascade bacteria (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria) on soil nitrogen. For example, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the low-salinity-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang can enhance the indigenous nitrogen fixation capacity of saline-alkali soil by 11%, and the phosphorus-solubilizing Bacillus can use ammonia nitrogen for growth and reproduction, while releasing phosphatase to decompose the insoluble phosphorus in the soil, thereby increasing the phosphorus activation amount by 35% compared to single-strain culture. Trichoderma decomposes organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphorus, forming a cascade path of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient transformation. Combined with the relative abundance of each strain, the integrity and efficiency of the cascade path are analyzed. If the soil nitrogen fixation enhancement efficiency is more than 10% and the phosphorus activation amount is increased by more than 30% compared to single-strain culture, it is determined that the cascade synergistic effect meets the preset standard. If the cascade synergistic effect does not meet the standard, for example, the soil nitrogen fixation enhancement efficiency of a group of strains in the medium-salinity-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang is 5%, and the phosphorus activation amount is increased by 15%, the inoculation ratio is adjusted according to the functional contribution of each strain. Increase the inoculation ratio of nitrogen-fixing Agrobacterium tumefaciens from 30% to 45%, reduce the inoculation ratio of Aspergillus niger from 40% to 15%, and keep the inoculation ratio of salt-tolerant cellulose-decomposing bacteria unchanged. After adjusting, the strains are cultured again to further verify the cascade synergistic effect, and the process is repeated until the cascade synergistic effect meets the preset standard. By dynamically adjusting the inoculation ratio, the optimal synergistic effect between strains is ensured. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer is used to detect the metabolic products of salt-tolerant microbial strains that meet the preset standard, and by analyzing the chemical shift, peak shape, and other characteristics in the spectrum, the chemical composition of the metabolic products is determined, such as organic acids, amino acids, enzymes, etc. For example, it is detected that the metabolic products of the strains in the medium-salinity-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang contain organic acids such as oxalic acid and formic acid, among which the amount of oxalic acid is 1.9 mg / ml and the amount of secreted formic acid is 9.3 mg / ml. Organic acids can dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil and neutralize soil alkalinity, and these components are all active ingredients related to soil nutrient activation.

[0059] Specifically, the soil-enriching characteristics of the strains are analyzed: the synergistic effect of organic acids and active ingredients such as phosphatase improves the availability of soil nutrients; small-molecule organic matters such as glucose and amino acids can provide carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, promoting the improvement of soil microbial diversity; at the same time, small-molecule organic matters can improve the soil particle structure and enhance the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. According to the test results of Cangzhou Nangang Test Station, the soil nitrogen fixation capacity and available phosphorus content of the strains treated by the strains are significantly improved, which are higher than those of the control treatment, indicating that the soil-enriching characteristics are excellent. According to the cascade synergistic effect and soil-enriching characteristic evaluation results, only the salt-tolerant microbial strains that meet the preset standard of cascade synergistic effect and have excellent soil-enriching characteristics can be used as qualified microbial strains for compatibility verification and enter the subsequent compound culture step. For example, the soil nitrogen fixation capacity of a group of salt-tolerant microbial strains in the medium saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nangang is improved by 10%, the phosphorus activation amount is improved by 40%, the active ingredients in the metabolic products are rich, the beneficial ingredients in the small-molecule organic matter account for 45%, and the soil enzyme activity after treatment is significantly improved, so it is determined that the compatibility verification is qualified.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present application, the soil organic matter content in different types of saline-alkali areas is detected by potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method. For example, the average soil organic matter content in the low-saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nangang is 6.5 g / kg, and the average soil organic matter content in the medium-saline-alkali area is 6.0 g / kg. According to the organic matter content standard of healthy farmland soil (20-30 g / kg), it is determined that the carbon source supplement demand of the low-saline-alkali area is medium, and the carbon source supplement demand of the medium-saline-alkali area is high. The organic matter composition of the soil in the natural system of different types of saline-alkali areas is detected by element analysis method, and it is found that it is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. Therefore, rotten straw (rich in cellulose and hemicellulose) and agricultural waste fermentation substrate (such as kitchen waste fermentation product, rich in humus) are selected as basic raw materials. Among them, the low-saline-alkali area selects the mixed raw materials of rotten straw and agricultural waste fermentation substrate, and the medium-saline-alkali area increases the proportion of agricultural waste fermentation substrate to adapt to the carbon source supplement demand and organic matter composition.

[0061] Specifically, the ratio of the base raw material is determined according to the carbon source supplement requirement, for example, in the low-saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang, the carbon source supplement requirement is medium, and the ratio of fermented substrate of rotten straw and agricultural waste is 6:4; in the medium-saline-alkali area, the carbon source supplement requirement is higher, and the ratio is 4:6. The mixed base raw material is put into the fermentation tank, and the microbial decomposition accelerator (made of the previously screened fertile bacteria) is added, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-60°C, the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, and the pile is turned and aerated regularly to ensure the smooth progress of aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, the strains in the microbial decomposition accelerator decompose the macromolecular organic matter in the base raw material and convert it into small molecular humus, amino acids and other nutrients that can be easily absorbed by crops. The fermentation time is 20-30 days, and when the fermentation pile temperature stabilizes at room temperature and no odor is generated, the fermentation is completed, and the initial organic product is obtained. For example, the organic matter content of the initial organic product in the low-saline-alkali area is 45%, and the organic matter content of the initial product in the medium-saline-alkali area is 50%, both of which can supplement sufficient carbon source for the soil.

[0062] Further, the initial organic product is subjected to acid adjustment treatment with agricultural waste acid fermentation product (such as citrus peel fermentation liquor, pH value of 3.0-4.0). During the adjustment process, the pH value of the organic product is detected in real time, for example, in the low-saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang, the average pH value of the soil is 7.5, and the pH value of the initial organic product is adjusted to 6.0-6.5; in the medium-saline-alkali area, the average pH value of the soil is 7.52, and the pH value of the initial organic product is adjusted to 5.5-6.0, to adapt to the alkali reduction requirement of saline-alkali soil. After the adjustment is completed, the nutrient content of the organic product is detected, the Kjeldahl method is used to detect the total nitrogen content, the molybdenum-antimony anti-colorimetric method is used to detect the total phosphorus content, and the flame photometric method is used to detect the total potassium content, to ensure that the total nitrogen content is ≥2%, the total phosphorus content is ≥1%, the total potassium content is ≥1.5%, and the organic matter content is ≥40%. After the detection is qualified, the bio-organic product is obtained, which can not only supplement the carbon source and nutrients of the soil, but also assist in reducing the alkalinity of the soil, for example, after the bio-organic product in the medium-saline-alkali area is applied, the pH value of the soil can be reduced by 0.2-0.5 units. This step ensures the quality and improvement effect of the bio-organic product through acid adjustment and nutrient detection.

[0063] Further, functional microbial flora and bio-organic products that are functionally adapted to different types of saline-alkali areas are generated, both of which have functions such as nutrient activation and saline-alkali alleviation, but the effect is limited when used alone. Scientific mixing of the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product can achieve synergistic effect of the flora and the organic product, the bio-organic product can provide carbon source and carrier for the growth and reproduction of the flora, and the flora can promote the nutrient release of the organic product, therefore, the two need to be mixed in quality ratio to obtain a special microbial soil conditioner.

[0064] S3, mixing the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product by mass ratio to obtain the microbial soil conditioner for the different types of saline-alkali regions.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present application, the microbial soil conditioner refers to a special improvement product made of mixed materials, which can improve the soil condition of saline-alkali soil.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, the mixing the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product by mass ratio to obtain the microbial soil conditioner for the different types of saline-alkali regions comprises:

[0067] analyzing the mixed mass ratio of the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product;

[0068] uniformly mixing the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product according to the mixed mass ratio;

[0069] determining the optimal fermentation conditions for different types of saline-alkali regions according to the optimal fermentation system of the multiple functional species, and optimizing the mixing parameters in the uniform mixing process by using the optimal fermentation conditions to obtain the mixed materials;

[0070] generating the microbial soil conditioner for different types of saline-alkali regions according to the mixed materials.

[0071] In detail, the determination of the mixed mass ratio needs to comprehensively consider the activity of the functional microbial flora, the nutrient content of the bio-organic product and the carrier performance. The viable bacterial count of the functional microbial flora is detected by the plate counting method, for example, the viable bacterial count of the functional microbial flora in the low-saline-alkali region of Nandagang in Huanghua is 10 7 CFU / g, and the viable bacterial count of the functional microbial flora in the medium-saline-alkali region is 10 6 CFU / g. The organic matter content and humus content of the bio-organic product are determined by relevant detection methods, for example, the organic matter content of the bio-organic product in the low-saline-alkali region is 45%, and the organic matter content of the bio-organic product in the medium-saline-alkali region is 50%. Referring to the commonly used ratio range of microorganisms and organic products in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, and combining the functional requirements of the present application, the mixed mass ratio of the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product in the low-saline-alkali region of Nandagang in Huanghua is 3:7, and the mixed mass ratio of the functional microbial flora and the bio-organic product in the medium-saline-alkali region is 4:6. The ratio can not only ensure the effective concentration of the flora, but also make the bio-organic product fully play the role of carrier and nutrient supply.

[0072] Specifically, the bio-organic product is put into a mixer, and the mixer is started for pre-mixing at a speed of 30-50 revolutions per minute for 5-10 minutes to make the organic product uniform in texture. According to the determined mixing mass ratio, the functional microbial flora is slowly added into the mixer, for example, 3 kg of functional microbial flora is added into 97 kg of bio-organic product in the low-salt-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang, and 4 kg of functional microbial flora is added into 96 kg of bio-organic product in the medium-salt-alkali area. The speed of the mixer is adjusted to 60-80 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 15-20 minutes. During the mixing process, the uniformity of the mixture is detected by periodically sampling. The uniformity is determined by the variation coefficient of the viable bacterial count of the flora in the sample. If the variation coefficient is less than 10%, the mixture is determined to be uniform. For example, in the low-salt-alkali area, the viable bacterial count of the flora at different sampling points in the mixed mixture is between 0.9×10 8 -1.1×10 8 CFU / g, and the variation coefficient is 8%, which meets the uniformity requirement and ensures the uniform distribution of the flora in the organic product, solving the problem of local over-concentration or under-concentration of the flora caused by uneven mixing.

[0073] Further, the optimized fermentation system of multiple functional species is established based on previous strain culture tests, including the suitable ranges of key parameters such as temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen. For example, in the optimized fermentation system of the functional microbial flora in the low-salt-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang, the temperature range is 25-28°C, and the pH value range is 6.5-7.0. In the optimized fermentation system of the functional microbial flora in the medium-salt-alkali area, the temperature range is 28-30°C, and the pH value range is 6.0-6.5. According to the optimized fermentation conditions, the mixing parameters are further optimized: if the temperature of the mixture exceeds the suitable temperature range of the fermentation system during the mixing process, the speed of the mixer is reduced, and the mixing time is prolonged; if the pH value of the mixture deviates from the suitable range, a small amount of acidic or alkaline adjusting agent is added for fine adjustment. For example, during the mixing process in the medium-salt-alkali area, it is detected that the temperature of the mixture is 31°C, which exceeds the suitable range. Therefore, the speed of the mixer is reduced from 80 revolutions per minute to 60 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is prolonged from 15 minutes to 20 minutes, so that the temperature is reduced to 29°C. The mixed material obtained after optimization not only ensures the activity of the flora but also makes the combination of the organic product and the flora more compact. The mixed material is subjected to drying treatment, and the low-temperature drying method is adopted with the temperature controlled at 35-40°C to avoid the inactivation of the flora caused by high temperature. The drying is performed until the moisture content of the mixed material is 15-20%. The mixed material is subjected to crushing treatment to pass through a 2 mm sieve, so that the particles of the microbial soil conditioner are uniform, facilitating subsequent application. The microbial soil conditioner after crushing is subjected to quality detection, and the detection indexes include the viable bacterial count, the organic matter content, the pH value, etc. For example, the viable bacterial count of the microbial soil conditioner in the low-salt-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang is ≥10 8 CFU / g, the organic matter content is ≥35%, and the pH value is 6.5-7.0. The viable bacterial count of the microbial soil conditioner in the medium-salt-alkali area is ≥109 CFU / g, organic matter content ≥40%, pH value is 6.0-6.5. After detection, special microbial soil improver for different types of saline-alkali area is obtained, the microbial soil improver for low saline-alkali area focuses on the function of phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, and the microbial soil improver for medium saline-alkali area focuses on the synergistic function of salt tolerance, alkali reduction and nutrient activation. According to the test results of Cangzhou Nandagang test station, the growth status of wheat seedling period of the microbial soil improver is significantly better than that of other treatments, for example, the fresh weight of wheat seedling period of T3 treatment is 263.84g, and the dry weight is 98.62g, which are the best.

[0074] Further, the soil structure of the clayey region in the saline-alkali land is compact, and the air permeability and water permeability are poor, for example, the soil clay content of part of the region in Nandagang demonstration area of Huanghua is high, and it is difficult to make the improver fully contact with the soil by directly applying the improver, which affects the improvement effect. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the clayey region in the target saline-alkali land first, and then carry out deep layering treatment to improve the soil structure and form a loose tillage layer to create conditions for the application and action of the subsequent improver.

[0075] S4, identifying the clayey region in the target saline-alkali land, and carrying out deep layering treatment on the clayey region to obtain a loose tillage layer of the target saline-alkali land.

[0076] In the embodiment of the application, the clayey region refers to a region with high clay content, compact structure and poor air and water permeability in the soil, for example, the soil clay content of part of the region in Nandagang demonstration area of Huanghua is ≥30%, and the compactness of the structure is ≥1500 kilopascals.

[0077] In the embodiment of the application, the identification of the clayey region in the target saline-alkali land comprises:

[0078] detecting the clay content and the compactness of the structure of the soil of each sampling point;

[0079] when the clay content of the farmland system soil in the target saline-alkali land is greater than that of the natural system, and the compactness of the structure of the farmland system soil is greater than that of the natural system, the potential clayey region is marked;

[0080] carrying out soil profile analysis on the potential clayey region to obtain the thickness data of the hardened layer;

[0081] determining the determination threshold of the clayey region according to the clay content, the compactness of the structure and the thickness data of the hardened layer;

[0082] determining each region of the target saline-alkali land according to the determination threshold one by one to obtain the clayey region.

[0083] In detail, the clay content is detected by using the hydrometer method. After the soil sample is dispersed, it is placed in the hydrometer. The clay content is calculated according to the readings of the hydrometer at different time points. For example, the clay content of a soil sample at a sampling point in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is 35%. The structural tightness is detected by using a soil tightness instrument. The probe of the tightness instrument is inserted into the soil, and the resistance value during the insertion of the probe is recorded. The structural tightness is expressed in kilopascals. For example, the structural tightness of the soil at the sampling point is 1800 kilopascals. During the detection process, each sampling point is detected in three layers (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-40 cm) in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the average value is taken as the clay content and structural tightness data of the sampling point. For example, the clay content of the L2 sampling point in the low-saline-alkali area of the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is 29%, and the structural tightness is 118.9 kilopascals. The clay content of the M2 sampling point in the medium-saline-alkali area is 49%, and the structural tightness is 356.0 kilopascals. By comparing the clay content and structural tightness data of the soil in the farmland system and the soil in the natural system in the same research unit, it is found that the clay content of the soil in the farmland system is greater than that in the natural system, and the structural tightness is also greater than that in the natural system. This indicates that the soil in the farmland system has clay aggregation and structural tightness due to improper human farming, and therefore, the region is marked as a potential clay-heavy region.

[0084] Specifically, a soil profile pit is dug in the potential clay-heavy region, with a depth of 60 cm. The layer structure of the soil profile is analyzed, and the compacted layer (a layer with dark soil color, dense structure, and difficult for roots to penetrate) is identified. The vertical thickness of the compacted layer is measured by a tape measure. For example, the compacted layer of a certain potential clay-heavy region in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is located in the 15-30 cm soil layer, with a thickness of 15 cm. The compacted layer of another potential region is located in the 20-40 cm soil layer, with a thickness of 20 cm. At the same time, soil samples from the compacted layer are collected for clay content and structural tightness detection to verify the texture characteristics of the compacted layer. For example, the clay content of the soil in the compacted layer is 38%, and the structural tightness is 1900 kilopascals, further confirming its clay-heavy property. The clay content, structural tightness, and compacted layer thickness data of all potential clay-heavy regions are collected, and a statistical analysis method is used to determine the determination threshold. Considering the soil conditions in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area, the combination of clay content ≥ 30%, structural tightness ≥ 1500 kilopascals, and compacted layer thickness ≥ 10 cm is determined as the determination threshold. If the soil parameters of a certain region simultaneously satisfy these three conditions, it is determined as a clay-heavy region. The determination threshold considers the particle composition, structural tightness, and layer characteristics of the soil, ensuring the scientificity and accuracy of the determination results.

[0085] Further, the target saline-alkali soil is divided into several evaluation units of 10m x 10m, and each evaluation unit corresponds to the detection data of one or more sampling points. Each evaluation unit is determined according to the determination threshold. If the clay content of the evaluation unit is greater than or equal to 30%, the structural tightness is greater than or equal to 1500 kilopascals, and the hardening layer thickness is greater than or equal to 10cm, the evaluation unit is determined as a heavy clay region. For example, the clay content of an evaluation unit in a certain demonstration area of Huanghua Nangang is 33%, the structural tightness is 1650 kilopascals, and the hardening layer thickness is 12cm, which meets the determination threshold and is determined as a heavy clay region. The clay content of another evaluation unit is 28%, although the structural tightness and hardening layer thickness meet the threshold, the clay content does not meet the threshold, and it is not determined as a heavy clay region. Through the one-by-one determination, the distribution range of the heavy clay region in the target saline-alkali soil is finally determined, and the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the heavy clay region identification are ensured.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, the loose cultivation layer refers to a soil cultivation layer formed by uniformly mixing each layer of loose soil layer region, which is suitable for crop growth and improvement agent action.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the deep layering treatment of the heavy clay region to obtain the loose cultivation layer of the target saline-alkali soil comprises:

[0088] The treatment depth is divided into different levels of depth based on the hardening layer thickness of the heavy clay region.

[0089] The heavy clay region is divided into different layer regions according to the different levels of depth.

[0090] The different layer regions are subjected to deep scarification and deep ploughing treatment to obtain the corresponding loose soil layer regions of the different layer regions.

[0091] The loose soil layer regions corresponding to the different layer regions are subjected to deep scarification and deep ploughing treatment to obtain the loose cultivation layer of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0092] In detail, according to the thickness and distribution position of the hardening layer, the treatment depth is divided into three levels of surface layer, middle layer and deep layer. For example, in the heavy clay area of Huanghua Nan Dagang, when the thickness of the hardening layer is 10-15 cm and the hardening layer is located in the 15-30 cm soil layer, the depth of the surface layer is 0-15 cm, the depth of the middle layer is 15-30 cm (the layer where the hardening layer is located), and the depth of the deep layer is 30-40 cm; when the thickness of the hardening layer is 15-20 cm and the hardening layer is located in the 20-40 cm soil layer, the depth of the surface layer is 0-20 cm, the depth of the middle layer is 20-40 cm (the layer where the hardening layer is located), and the depth of the deep layer is 40-60 cm. The depth division of different levels matches the distribution of the hardening layer, ensuring that the subsequent loosening treatment can accurately target the hardening layer. According to the depth range of the divided surface layer, middle layer and deep layer, each heavy clay area is divided into three independent layer regions, i.e. surface layer region, middle layer region (hardening layer region) and deep layer region. For example, in a heavy clay area of Huanghua Nan Dagang, the surface layer region is 0-15 cm, the middle layer region is 15-30 cm, and the deep layer region is 30-40 cm; each layer region is continuously distributed in space and collectively constitutes a complete heavy clay area. This step provides a basis for subsequent differentiated loosening treatment by clearly dividing different layer regions.

[0093] Specifically, light harrowing and soil loosening treatment is performed by using a rotary cultivator, the depth of the rotary cultivator is adjusted to the depth of the surface layer region, the distance between the tines is set to 5-8 cm, and the hardening structure of the surface layer soil is broken by the rotary cutting of the tines, so that the surface layer soil becomes loose, and a surface loose soil layer region is obtained. For the middle layer region (hardening layer region), deep harrowing and soil loosening treatment is performed by using a share plow, the depth of the share is adjusted to the depth of the middle layer region, the hardening layer soil is turned over, the aggregation network of soil clay particles is broken, and at the same time, part of the lower loose soil is turned to the middle layer, and a middle loose soil region is obtained. For the deep layer region, targeted soil loosening treatment is performed by using a deep scarifier, the depth of the deep scarifier is adjusted to the depth of the deep layer region, and only the points of the deep layer soil that are seriously hardened are subjected to point loosening, so as to open the aeration pores of the deep layer soil and avoid excessive disturbance to damage the soil structure, and a deep loose soil region is obtained. For example, after the surface layer region of the heavy clay region in Huanghua Nandagang is treated by the rotary cultivator, the soil bulk density is reduced from 1.5 g / cm3 to 1.2 g / cm3; after the middle layer region is treated by deep harrowing, the hardening structure is completely broken, and the soil aeration porosity is increased by 40%; after the deep layer region is treated by targeted soil loosening, the number of aeration pores is significantly increased, and combined with the concentrated rainfall in summer, the 0-100 cm soil EC value is reduced by 30%-59.4%. The surface loose soil region, the middle loose soil region, and the deep loose soil region are mixed by using a harrow, the rotating speed of the harrow is controlled to be 40-60 rpm, and the harrowing frequency is 2-3 times, so as to ensure that the loose soils of different layers are fully mixed. During the mixing process, the uniformity of the soil particles and the aeration porosity are detected, if the uniformity of the soil particles is more than 85% and the aeration porosity is 15-20%, the mixing is stopped. After mixing, a loose tillage layer is formed, the thickness of the loose tillage layer is 30-40 cm, the soil structure is loose, and the aeration and water permeability are good, which can create favorable conditions for the growth of crop roots and the release of nutrients of the microbial soil amendment. For example, after the heavy clay region in Huanghua Nandagang is treated, the soil bulk density of the loose tillage layer is 1.1-1.2 g / cm3, and the aeration porosity is 18%, which meets the standard of excellent tillage layer, and after the summer rainfall, the salt leaching effect is significant, the water content of the 0-60 cm soil layer is increased, and the salt is leached to 1 m below, and by uniformly mixing the loose soils of different layers, a stable loose tillage layer is formed.

[0094] Further, the deep layering treatment of the heavy clay region is completed, a loose tillage layer is formed, and the soil structure is significantly improved, at this time, the special microbial soil amendment needs to be uniformly applied to the loose tillage layer, so that the amendment and the loose soil are in full contact, the nutrient activation and salt and alkali relief functions of the microbial flora are exerted, and a modified layer is formed. Then, the modified layer is further tilled to optimize the soil structure and ensure the stability of the improvement effect, and to prepare for crop planting.

[0095] S5, uniformly apply the microbial soil conditioner to the loose cultivated layer to obtain a modified layer of the target saline-alkali soil, and perform a cultivation treatment on the modified layer.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the modified layer refers to a soil layer whose degree of salinization is reduced, nutrient level is improved, and microbial community is improved after the application and standing of the modifier.

[0097] In the embodiment of the present application, the uniformly applying the microbial soil conditioner to the loose cultivated layer to obtain a modified layer of the target saline-alkali soil comprises:

[0098] performing a flattening treatment on the loose cultivated layer, and calculating a soil area application amount of the modifier based on an adapted amount standard of the microbial soil conditioner per unit area of soil volume of the loose cultivated layer after the flattening treatment;

[0099] performing a strip application operation on the soil area according to a cultivation direction of the target saline-alkali soil and the application amount of the modifier, and performing a broadcast application operation in a strip application gap;

[0100] performing a soil covering treatment on the soil area after the application of the modifier, and standing the soil area after the soil covering treatment according to a preset standing time to obtain the modified layer of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0101] In detail, the loose plough layer is leveled by using a laser leveler, the soil surface slope is adjusted to not more than 3°, and the high and low relief is eliminated to ensure uniform application of the subsequent amendment. By measuring the soil bulk density and the plough layer thickness, the soil volume per unit area is calculated. For example, the soil bulk density of the loose plough layer in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is 1.2 g / cm3, and the plough layer thickness is 30 cm, so the soil volume per unit area (1 square meter) is 360 kg. According to the adaptive dosage standards of different types of saline-alkali areas, the adaptive dosage standards for low-saline-alkali areas are 0.5-0.8% of the soil volume per unit area, and for medium-saline-alkali areas, 0.8-1.2%. For example, the soil volume per unit area of a certain soil area in the low-saline-alkali area of the Huanghua Nandagang is 360 kg, and the calculated amendment application amount is 360 x 0.6% = 2.16 kg / square meter; the soil volume per unit area of a certain soil area in the medium-saline-alkali area is 360 kg, and the calculated amendment application amount is 360 x 1.0% = 3.6 kg / square meter. Through leveling and precise calculation, the rationality and uniformity of the amendment application amount are ensured. According to the topography of the target saline-alkali land and the subsequent planting plan, the direction of cultivation is determined, for example, the long side direction of the topography of the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is the direction of cultivation. According to the direction of cultivation, a shallow trench with a depth of 5-8 cm and a spacing of 20-30 cm is excavated by a trencher, and 70% of the calculated amendment application amount is uniformly applied into the shallow trench to complete the strip application operation. For example, the amendment application amount of a certain soil area in the low-saline-alkali area of the Huanghua Nandagang is 2.16 kg / square meter, and the strip application amount is 1.512 kg / square meter; the amendment application amount of a certain area in the medium-saline-alkali area is 3.6 kg / square meter, and the strip application amount is 2.52 kg / square meter. In the gap between the shallow trenches after strip application, the remaining 30% of the amendment is uniformly spread on the soil surface by a fertilizer spreader to complete the spreading operation. The travel speed and discharge amount of the fertilizer spreader are controlled during spreading to ensure uniform spreading. The combination of strip application and spreading not only ensures the depth distribution of the amendment in the soil, but also ensures the uniform coverage of the amendment in the surface soil.

[0102] Specifically, the soil area after applying the amendment is treated with a shallow rotary tiller, the rotary tiller depth is controlled at 10-15 cm, so that the amendment applied in the shallow trench and the amendment applied on the surface are fully mixed with the soil. After shallow plowing, the preset standing time is 3-5 days, and the soil humidity is maintained at 60-70% (field water holding capacity) during the standing period, to provide a suitable growth and reproduction environment for the functional microbial flora in the amendment. During the standing process, the flora gradually colonizes in the soil, metabolizes to produce active ingredients such as organic acids and enzymes, neutralizes the alkalinity of the soil, and activates the soil nutrients; the biological organic products slowly release nutrients to provide nutrition for the flora and crops. After the standing is completed, the pH value of the soil is reduced, the salt content is decreased, and the nutrient availability is improved, forming the improved layer of the target saline-alkali soil. For example, in the low-saline-alkali area of Huanghua Nandagang, the pH value of the improved layer is reduced from 7.5 to 7.0, the salt content is reduced from 2.9 g / kg to 2.5 g / kg, and the available phosphorus content is increased from 8.13 mg / kg to 12 mg / kg; in the medium-saline-alkali area, the pH value of the improved layer is reduced from 8.0 to 7.3, the salt content is reduced from 5.8 g / kg to 3.5 g / kg, and the available phosphorus content is increased from 7.87 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg.

[0103] Further, the soil particle uniformity and aeration porosity of the improved layer are detected to determine the intensity standard of the tillage treatment. The soil particle analysis screen is used to detect the particle uniformity, and the cutting ring method is used to detect the aeration porosity. If the particle uniformity is lower than 85% and the aeration porosity is lower than 15%, the tillage intensity needs to be increased. If the standard is met, the conventional tillage intensity is used. The cross tillage is performed on the improved layer by using the compound tillage machine. The first pass is along the long side direction of the terrain, and the second pass is along the short side direction of the terrain. The tillage depth is controlled to be 20-30 cm to ensure that the soil particles are fully broken and mixed uniformly. The soil broken particle size is detected in real time during the tillage process. The soil particle analyzer is used for detection. If large particle agglomerates with a particle size greater than 10 mm appear, the secondary crushing function of the compound tillage machine is started to crush the large particle agglomerates. After the tillage is completed, the surface leveling treatment is performed on the improved layer by using the land leveling machine to eliminate the differences between the furrows and ridges formed by the tillage, so that the surface flatness of the improved layer meets the requirements of crop sowing (the surface slope is not more than 2°). After the leveling, the improved layer is left to stand for 1-2 days to allow the soil particles to naturally settle and stabilize, and at the same time, the functional microbial flora is further colonized in the soil pores to form a moderate tillage structure, and the integrated improvement is completed. For example, after the improved layer in the Huanghua Nandagang demonstration area is treated by tillage, the soil particle uniformity reaches 90%, the aeration porosity reaches 18%, and the soil bulk density is 1.15 g / cm³, which completely meets the standard of excellent tillage layer. After planting crops, the yield of wheat in the low saline-alkali area is more than 400 catties per mu, and the yield of corn is more than 850 catties per mu; the yield of wheat in the medium saline-alkali area is more than 340 catties per mu, and the yield of corn is more than 650 catties per mu, which is significantly higher than that in the unimproved area. Through the fine tillage treatment, the soil structure of the improved layer is further optimized to ensure that the improvement effect is stable and durable.

[0104] As Figure 2 shown, it is a functional module diagram of the microbial improvement and tillage integrated system for saline-alkali soil provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0105] The microbial improvement and tillage integrated system 100 for saline-alkali soil described in the present application can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions implemented, the microbial improvement and tillage integrated system 100 for saline-alkali soil can include a saline-alkali area division module 101, a functional microbial flora screening generation module 102, a microbial soil improver generation module 103, a deep layering treatment module 104, and a tillage treatment module 105. The modules described in the present application can also be referred to as units, which refer to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by an electronic device processor and can complete a fixed function, which are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0106] In the present embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0107] The saline-alkali region division module 101 is configured to perform multi-point sampling detection on a target saline-alkali soil to obtain soil salt content of each sampling point, and divide the target saline-alkali soil into different types of saline-alkali regions based on the soil salt content.

[0108] The functional microbial flora screening and generating module 102 is configured to screen and generate functional microbial floras and biological organic products for the different types of saline-alkali regions based on soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0109] The microbial soil conditioner generating module 103 is configured to mix the functional microbial floras and the biological organic products in a mass ratio to obtain microbial soil conditioners for the different types of saline-alkali regions.

[0110] The deep layering processing module 104 is configured to identify a heavy clay region in the target saline-alkali soil, and perform deep layering processing on the heavy clay region to obtain a loose cultivation layer of the target saline-alkali soil.

[0111] The cultivation processing module 105 is configured to uniformly apply the microbial soil conditioners to the loose cultivation layer to obtain an improved layer of the target saline-alkali soil, and perform cultivation processing on the improved layer.

[0112] In detail, the modules in the microbial improvement and cultivation integrated system 100 for the saline-alkali soil in the embodiments of the present application adopt the same technical means as the microbial improvement and cultivation integrated method for the saline-alkali soil in the above Figure 1 embodiment, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be described here.

[0113] In the several embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is merely a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner.

[0114] The modules described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components displayed as modules can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme according to actual needs.

[0115] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0116] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the application can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application.

[0117] The embodiments should therefore be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the description given above, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

[0118] Embodiments of the present application can acquire and process related data based on artificial intelligence technology. Among them, artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence, AI) is to use digital computers or digital computer controlled machines to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, obtain knowledge and use knowledge to obtain the best results. Theory, method, technology and application system.

[0119] In addition, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. The plurality of units or systems stated in the system item can also be implemented by one unit or system through software or hardware. The words first, second, etc. are used to indicate names, not any particular order.

[0120] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for integrating microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land, characterized in that, The method includes: Multiple sampling and testing were conducted on the target saline-alkali land to obtain the soil salinity content at each sampling point. Based on the soil salinity content, the target saline-alkali land was divided into different types of saline-alkali zones. Based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali land, functional microbial communities and biological organic products for the different types of saline-alkali areas were screened and generated respectively. The functional microbial community and the biological organic products are mixed in a mass ratio to obtain a microbial soil conditioner for the different types of saline-alkali areas. Identify the heavy clay texture area in the target saline-alkali land, perform deep stratification on the heavy clay texture area, and obtain the loose topsoil layer of the target saline-alkali land. The microbial soil conditioner is uniformly applied to the loose topsoil layer to obtain the improved layer of the target saline-alkali land, and the improved layer is then tilled.

2. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-point sampling and testing of the target saline-alkali land to obtain the soil salinity content at each sampling point includes: Representative research units were selected within the target saline-alkali land area, with each research unit containing farmland system soils and natural system soils; Sampling points were configured in the research unit according to the preset spatial grid distribution principle, and soil samples were collected from each sampling point; The soil samples were tested for salinity to obtain the salinity of the soil at each sampling point.

3. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of dividing the target saline-alkali land into different types of saline-alkali zones based on the soil salinity content includes: The soil salinity content at each sampling point is compared with the preset soil salinity threshold range; Based on the comparison results and the biodiversity and functional dominant factors of the target saline-alkali land, the target saline-alkali land is divided into different types of areas; The spatial boundary information of the different types of regions is identified, and supplementary sampling and detection are performed on the different types of regions based on the spatial boundary information to obtain different types of saline-alkali areas.

4. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The functional microbial communities and biological organic products for different types of saline-alkali areas are generated by screening based on soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali land, including: Based on the soil nutrient parameters, the nutrient levels of soil samples from different types of saline-alkali areas are determined, and the nutrient activation function direction of the microbial community is determined based on the nutrient levels. Salt-tolerant microbial strains were isolated from the soil sample based on the direction of nutrient activation function; The compatibility of the salt-tolerant microbial strains was verified before mixing, and the salt-tolerant microbial strains that passed the compatibility verification were cultured in combination to obtain functional microbial communities for different types of saline-alkali areas. The carbon source replenishment requirements of biological organic matter are determined based on the soil organic matter content parameters of different types of saline-alkali areas in the target saline-alkali land, and basic raw materials are selected based on the organic matter composition of the natural system soil in different types of saline-alkali areas. The ratio of the basic raw materials is adjusted according to the carbon source replenishment requirements, and the ratiod basic raw materials are subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain the initial organic matter. The initial organic matter was subjected to acid-adjustment treatment, and the nutrient content of the adjusted organic matter was detected to obtain the bio-organic product.

5. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The compatibility verification before mixing the salt-tolerant microbial strains includes: The community structure of the salt-tolerant microbial strains was analyzed using omics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, and the relative abundance of each strain in the salt-tolerant microbial strains was determined based on the community structure. The effect of cascaded bacteria in the salt-tolerant microbial strains on soil nitrogen enhancement was quantified by gas chromatography, and the cascade synergistic effect among different strains was verified based on the enhancement effect and the relative abundance. If the cascade synergistic effect does not meet the preset standard, adjust the inoculation ratio of each strain and return to the step of using omics analysis to analyze the community structure of the salt-tolerant microbial strain until the cascade synergistic effect meets the preset standard. For salt-tolerant microbial strains whose cascade synergistic effect meets the preset standard, the chemical composition of the metabolites of the salt-tolerant microbial strains that meet the preset standard is analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the active components related to soil nutrient activation in the metabolites are determined based on the chemical composition. The types and contents of small molecule organic matter produced by the salt-tolerant microbial strains that meet the preset standards after decomposing soil organic matter are analyzed, and the soil fertility characteristics of the salt-tolerant microbial strains are analyzed based on the active ingredients and the types and contents of the small molecule organic matter. Salt-tolerant microbial strains that meet the cascade synergistic effect and possess excellent soil characteristics are considered as qualified microbial strains for compatibility verification.

6. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of mixing the functional microbial community and the biological organic products in a specific mass ratio to obtain a microbial soil conditioner for the different types of saline-alkali areas includes: Analyze the mixed mass ratio of the functional microbial community and the biological organic products; The functional microbial community and the biological organic products are mixed evenly according to the specified mixing mass ratio; Based on the optimized fermentation system of multiple functional species, the optimized fermentation conditions for different types of saline-alkali areas are determined, and the mixing parameters in the uniform mixing process are optimized using the optimized fermentation conditions to obtain the mixed material. Microbial soil conditioners for different types of saline-alkali areas are generated based on the mixture.

7. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification of heavy clay regions in the target saline-alkali land includes: The clay content and soil compaction of each sampling point were tested; When the clay content of the farmland soil in the target saline-alkali land is greater than that of the natural soil and the soil structure compaction of the farmland soil is greater than that of the natural soil, it is marked as a potential clay-heavy texture area. Soil profile analysis was performed on the potential heavy clay area to obtain data on the thickness of the compaction layer; The threshold for determining the heavy clay texture region is determined based on the clay content, the structural compactness, and the thickness of the compacted layer. Based on the aforementioned judgment threshold, each region of the target saline-alkali land is judged one by one to obtain the heavy clay texture region.

8. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing deep stratification on the heavy clay region to obtain a loose topsoil layer for the target saline-alkali land includes: The processing depth is divided into different levels based on the thickness of the hardened layer in the viscous region. The viscous and heavy texture region is divided into different layers based on different depths; Deep loosening and deep turning of the different layer areas are carried out to obtain the loose soil layer areas corresponding to the different layer areas; Deep loosening and deep plowing are carried out on the loose soil layers corresponding to different layers to obtain the loose topsoil layer of the target saline-alkali land.

9. The integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of uniformly applying the microbial soil conditioner to the loose topsoil to obtain the improved layer of the target saline-alkali land includes: The loose topsoil layer is leveled, and the amount of soil conditioner to be applied to the soil area is calculated based on the soil volume per unit area of ​​the leveled loose topsoil layer and the appropriate dosage of microbial soil conditioner. According to the cultivation direction of the target saline-alkali land and the amount of the amendment applied, the soil area is applied in strips, and broadcasting is carried out between the strip applications; Soil covering treatment is carried out on the soil area after the amendment is applied, and the soil area after soil covering treatment is left to stand for a preset time to obtain the improved layer of the target saline-alkali land.

10. An integrated system for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land, characterized in that, The system is used to perform the integrated method for microbial improvement and cultivation of saline-alkali land as described in any one of claims 1-9, the system comprising: The saline-alkali area division module is used to perform multi-point sampling and detection on the target saline-alkali land, obtain the soil salinity content at each sampling point, and divide the target saline-alkali land into different types of saline-alkali areas based on the soil salinity content. The functional microbial community screening and generation module is used to screen and generate functional microbial communities and biological organic products for different types of saline-alkali areas based on the soil nutrient parameters of the target saline-alkali land. A microbial soil conditioner generation module is used to mix the functional microbial community and the biological organic products in a mass ratio to obtain a microbial soil conditioner for the different types of saline-alkali areas. The deep stratification processing module is used to identify the heavy clay texture area in the target saline-alkali land, perform deep stratification processing on the heavy clay texture area, and obtain the loose topsoil layer of the target saline-alkali land. The tillage treatment module is used to uniformly apply the microbial soil conditioner to the loose tillage layer to obtain an improved layer of the target saline-alkali land, and to perform tillage treatment on the improved layer.

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