Streptomyces ArbiCoenn for preventing and treating banana postharvest anthracnose as well as fermentation extract and application of streptomyces ArbiCoenn

Abstract

The invention provides a streptomycete, which is ArbiCoenn streptomycete, is named as Streptomyces abikoensis LY4-2, is registered and preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, and has a preservation number of GDMCC NO: 66503. The streptomyces, the fermentation liquor thereof and the like have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, have a good antagonistic effect on banana colletotrichum gloeosporioides, strawberry colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cucumber fusarium wilt, wheat gibberellic disease, litchi colletotrichum gloeosporioides, mango colletotrichum gloeosporioides and mango leaf blight, and are potential biological preparations for preventing and treating diseases caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides, fusarium wilt and the like; the method has a wide development space and a good development and application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microorganisms, in particular to a Streptomyces abikoensis for preventing and treating postharvest anthracnose of banana, a fermentation extract thereof and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Banana is an important tropical fruit, as one of the staple foods in the world, is a food resource and an important source of economic livelihood in many tropical and subtropical regions. Banana is also a fruit that is highly appreciated because of its rich nutritional value, such as carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, the banana industry faces major challenges. For example, climate, pests and diseases, in the postharvest preservation and transportation of bananas, bananas are considered a climacteric fruit because the fruit will mature rapidly after harvesting, and is easily affected by postharvest diseases such as banana anthracnose, which has a serious impact on the quality of banana fruit. Banana anthracnose mainly harms immature or mature fruits, and the pathogen can invade through wounds to directly show symptoms, or can infect unimpaired green fruits, and the symptoms appear when the bananas turn yellow after harvesting. The initial black or black-brown round spots on the fruit rapidly expand and connect to form patches, and the whole fruit turns black and rots in 2-3 days. A large number of orange-red sticky granules, i.e. conidia and conidia, are produced on the diseased spots. Some bananas with scattered brown to black-red spots on the surface do not expand, but expand to the pulp, causing decay and emitting a fragrant odor. This disease is one of the most common diseases in the postharvest storage, transportation and sale of bananas, causing huge economic losses to production, storage and sales.

[0003] The postharvest preservation treatment of bananas is an important link for commercialization, and the current main control methods are biological control and chemical treatment. Excessive use of chemical fungicides can easily cause food pollution and affect human health. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a green method for biological control of postharvest anthracnose of bananas. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a Streptomyces abikoensis for preventing and treating postharvest anthracnose of banana, a fermentation extract thereof and application.

[0005] The first aspect of the present application is to provide a Streptomyces, which is Streptomyces abikoensis, named Streptomyces abikoensis LY4-2, and is registered and preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the preservation number GDMCC NO:66503.

[0006] The second aspect of the present application is to provide a fermentation broth of the Streptomyces according to the first aspect of the present application or a sterile supernatant of the fermentation broth.

[0007] The third aspect of the present application is to provide an ethanol extract of the fermentation broth of the Streptomyces according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0008] The fourth aspect of the present application provides an extract of the Streptomyces as described in the first aspect of the present application, which is obtained by eluting the material adsorbed on the column after macroporous resin filtration of the ethanol extract of the third aspect of the present application with different concentrations of methanol, and then drying the eluate.

[0009] The fifth aspect of the present application provides a preparation comprising the Streptomyces as described in the first aspect of the present application, or the fermentation broth or sterile supernatant as described in the second aspect of the present application, or the ethanol extract as described in the third aspect of the present application, or the extract as described in the fourth aspect of the present application.

[0010] The sixth aspect of the present application provides use of the Streptomyces as described in the first aspect of the present application, or the fermentation broth as described in the second aspect of the present application, or the ethanol extract as described in the third aspect of the present application, or the extract as described in the fourth aspect of the present application, or the preparation as described in the fifth aspect of the present application in the preparation of a preparation for antagonizing Colletotrichum musae, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Fusarium oxysporum, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola, and / or Gibberella saubinetii, and / or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola.

[0011] The seventh aspect of the present application provides use of the Streptomyces as described in the first aspect of the present application, or the fermentation broth as described in the second aspect of the present application, or the ethanol extract as described in the third aspect of the present application, or the extract as described in the fourth aspect of the present application, or the preparation as described in the fifth aspect of the present application in the preparation of a preparation for preventing and treating diseases caused by Colletotrichum musae, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Fusarium oxysporum, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola, and / or Gibberella saubinetii, and / or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola.

[0012] The eighth aspect of the present application provides a method for preventing and treating postharvest anthracnose of bananas, which comprises spraying the surface of bananas with the ethanol extract as described in the third aspect of the present application or the extract as described in the fourth aspect of the present application after harvesting of bananas.

[0013] The Streptomyces and the fermentation broth thereof and the like of the present application have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and have good antagonistic effect on Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella saubinetii, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Mycosphaerella musicola, and are potential biological preparations for preventing and treating diseases caused by anthracnose and Fusarium oxysporum, and have broad development space and good development and application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1Inhibition of C. musae growth by strain LY4-2 (>70%).

[0015] Figure 2 Inhibition of C. musae growth by fermentation broth of strain LY4-2 (>60%).

[0016] Figure 3 Pictures of strain LY4-2 culture, where the upper picture is the growth on different media, and the lower picture is the scanning electron microscope image of mycelium and spores after culture on YE medium.

[0017] Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree of 16s rRNA of strain LY4-2.

[0018] Figure 5 ANI and DDH results of strain LY4-2.

[0019] Figure 6 Antibacterial spectrum of strain LY4-2 and its extract, left for strain and right for extract.

[0020] Figure 7 Inhibition of C. musae by eluted components of fermentation broth of strain LY4-2 after elution with different concentrations of methanol.

[0021] Figure 8 Preventive effect of extract of strain LY4-2 on banana fruit anthracnose.

[0022] Strain LY4-2 is named Streptomyces abikoensis LY4-2, and is deposited in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, with accession number GDMCC NO: 66503, on June 13, 2025, and address at No. 59, Building 5, 100, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, so as to better understand the present application. In the examples, the specific techniques or conditions not specified are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. The reagents or instruments used are not specified by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase.

[0024] Example 1 Isolation of microorganisms

[0025] The soil sample used for isolation was collected from Yinggeling, Baisha Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China.

[0026] Isolation of actinomycetes: Soil samples were naturally air-dried, and 5.0 g of the dried soil was added to 50 ml of sterilized distilled water to prepare a soil suspension by shaking for 10 min. The suspension was diluted by 1:10 to 10 -3 , 10 -4 , 10 -5 and so on. 0.1 ml of each dilution was taken and inoculated into Gause No. 1 medium, which was mixed well using a spreader. The medium was incubated at 28°C for 7 days, and different single colonies were purified on YE medium.

[0027] Primary screening of antagonistic strains: Plate confrontation culture was used to screen antagonistic actinomycetes against Colletotrichum musae (ATCC 96726). The colony diameters were measured by the cross method, and the inhibition rate was calculated. The inhibition rate (%) = (control colony diameter - treated colony diameter) / control colony diameter x 100%, and the colony diameter was in mm. The strain LY4-2 had the strongest antagonistic activity against C. musae, with an inhibition rate of more than 70% (see Figure 1 ).

[0028] Secondary screening of antagonistic strains: The purified actinomycetes were inoculated into SLM and cultured at 28°C and 180 r / min for 7 days on a shaking table. The fermentation broth was obtained, and the antagonistic activity of the fermentation broth of the actinomycetes against C. musae was determined by the agar hole diffusion method. The fermentation broth of the antagonistic actinomycete LY4-2 had an inhibition rate of more than 60% against C. musae (see Figure 2 ).

[0029] The strain LY4-2 with the highest inhibition activity in the primary and secondary screening was selected for subsequent experiments.

[0030] Example 2. Classification and identification of microorganisms

[0031] 1. Culture characteristics

[0032] Strain LY4-2 was inoculated into various media such as ISP2 and incubated at 28°C for 7 days. The growth of Streptomyces LY4-2 on different media was observed, including aerial hyphae, the color of subterranean hyphae, the color and size of the colony, and so on. The results are shown in Table 1 and the upper graph of Figure 3 .

[0033] Table 1

[0034]

[0035] Note: “+++” indicates good growth; “++” indicates general growth; and “+” indicates weak growth.

[0036] 2. Electron scanning electron microscope observation

[0037] Strain LY4-2 was cultured on YE medium for 10-14 days, and the colonies were carefully separated from the medium with a sterile syringe. A flat and thin colony was selected and a 0.5 cm square piece of the colony was cut off. After being treated as described by Zhang, it was replaced with isoamyl acetate. After completion, it was dried in a sterile clean bench. Finally, it was observed under a scanning electron microscope after gold plating. The results are shown in the following figure. Figure 3 As shown in the following figure, the branching endophytic hyphae and aerial hyphae of strain LY4-2 were long and compact in structure, and the spores were spherical.

[0038] 3 Physiological and biochemical characteristics

[0039] Referring to "Actinomycete Systematics - Principles, Methods and Practice", the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the test actinomycete were identified, mainly including single carbon and nitrogen source utilization test, pH and NaCl tolerance test, etc. (Xu Lihua et al. 2007).

[0040] 1) Carbon source utilization experiment

[0041] A Pogibin medium was used as the basic medium, and 1% of different carbon sources were added to configure the corresponding carbon source medium, which was sterilized and poured onto plates. Strain LY4-2 was inoculated on different carbon source medium plates, with a negative control. After being incubated at 28°C in an incubator for 7 days, the growth was observed and recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] 2) Nitrogen source utilization experiment

[0043] 1% of different types of nitrogen sources were mixed in the basic medium to configure the corresponding nitrogen source medium, and strain LY4-2 was inoculated therein, with a negative control. After being incubated at 28°C in an incubator for 7 days, the growth was observed and recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2

[0045]

[0046] Note: “+++” indicates good growth; “++” indicates general growth; “+” indicates relatively weak growth.

[0047] 3) pH tolerance test

[0048] A liquid Bennett medium was used as the basic medium, and pH gradient medium ranging from 4.0 to 10.0 was configured. Strain LY4-2 was inoculated therein and incubated on a shaker (28°C, 180 r / min) for 7-14 days. The growth was observed and recorded. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0049] 4) NaCl tolerance test

[0050] The liquid Bennett medium was added with different contents of NaCl to configure the medium with NaCl concentration of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, and 15%, respectively, and then the strain LY4-2 was inoculated and cultured in a 28°C incubator for 7 days, and the growth condition was observed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0051] Table 3

[0052]

[0053] Note: “+++” represents good growth; “++” represents general growth; and “+” represents weak growth.

[0054] 4. Molecular biological identification of the strain LY4-2

[0055] The bacterial genomic DNA rapid extraction kit (DP1301, Bioteke, Beijing, China) was used to extract the total DNA of the actinomycete. The upstream primer 27F (5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and the downstream primer 1492R (5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') were used for PCR amplification of the DNA of the strain LY4-2. The reaction system of 50 μL included 2x Taq PCR MasterMix, 25 μL; dd water, 21 μL; the forward and reverse primers 27F (5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and 1492R (5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3'), each 1 μL, and 2 μL of the DNA template. The reaction program was pre-denaturation (95°C, 5 min); denaturation (94°C, 1 min), annealing (55°C, 1 min), extension (72°C, 2 min), 35 cycles; 72°C extension for 10 min, and 4°C storage (Chen et al., 2020). The product was sent to Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. for purification and sequencing. The amplified sequence was compared with EzBioCloud, and BioEdit 7.0.5.3 was used to obtain the sequence with high similarity. Finally, MEGA11.0 was used to construct a phylogenetic tree by the neighbor-joining method, and the results are shown in Figure 4 Figure 4 The strain LY4-2 was preliminarily clustered with the strains in the phylogenetic tree, but the bootstrap was lower than 70%, which was lower than the confidence threshold, and the relationship could not be confirmed; further verification was needed through multi-genome analysis.

[0056] ​The Streptomyces LY4-2 single colony was inoculated into 100 mL of YE liquid medium, and the bacteria were collected after 4 days of 28°C, 180 rpm shaking culture. The collected bacteria were sent to Shanghai Meiji Biological Company for whole genome sequencing. After genome assembly, the whole genome data of Streptomyces LY4-2 and the whole genome sequence data of the standard strains on the phylogenetic tree were calculated using ANI calculation platform (https: / / www.ezbiocloud.net / tools / ANI) to calculate the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA hybridization (DDH). The standard strain genome data was downloaded from the NCBI public genome database. The results are shown in Figure 5 It is generally believed that the ANI value between the same species is above 95%, i.e. 95% is the currently recognized ANI classification threshold. When the ANI value reaches 95%-96% or more, it can be considered as the same species. The general definition threshold between species is DDH=70%, i.e. when the DDH value is less than 70%, it can be considered as different species. From Figure 5 It can be seen from the above table that the ANI value of strain LY4-2 and Streptomyces abikoensis NBRC13860 is 96.78%, and the DDH value is 73.40%, which exceeds the classification threshold, so it can be determined that strain LY4-2 is Streptomyces abikoensis.

[0057] The above results combined with the culture characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain LY4-2, strain LY4-2 was identified as Streptomyces abikoensis, named Streptomyces abikoensis LY4-2, and deposited in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the accession number GDMCC NO:66503, the deposit date was June 13, 2025, and the deposit address was No. 59, Building 5, 100, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou.

[0058] Example 3 Broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of strain LY4-2

[0059] 1. Effect of strain LY4-2 on pathogenic bacteria

[0060] The inhibition effect of actinomycete LY4-2 on broad-spectrum pathogenic bacteria was explored by plate confrontation culture method. A puncher with a diameter of 0.5 cm was used to take different pathogenic bacteria with consistent growth potential, and placed at the center point of PDA medium. Strain LY4-2 was inoculated at the four points of the square with a side length of 5 centered on the point, and the control was only inoculated with pathogenic bacteria. After 7 days of culture at 28°C, the experiment was repeated 3 times. The colony diameter was measured by cross method, and the inhibition rate was calculated according to the following formula (unit: mm).

[0061] Bacteriostatic rate = (control colony diameter - treatment colony diameter) / control colony diameter x 100%

[0062] 2. Effect of strain LY4-2 extract on pathogenic bacteria

[0063] Preparation of strain LY4-2 extract:

[0064] Prepare 10 liters of SML medium (liquid volume: 1 liter / 5 liters), 300 ml of PDA medium (liquid volume: 50 ml / 250 ml), and 300 ml of YE medium (liquid volume: 100 ml / 250 ml). Use a sterile puncher to punch 5 mm of the purified actinomycete LY4-2 to obtain a bacterial cake, inoculate it into a high-pressure sterilized 100 mL YE liquid medium, and place it in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C and 180 r / min for 3 days to obtain the seed liquid of actinomycete LY4-2. The seed liquid is prepared and used immediately. Take 1 ml of the seed liquid of actinomycete LY4-2 and inoculate it into the soybean powder fermentation medium, place it in a constant temperature shaker at 28°C and 180 r / min for 7 days to obtain the fermentation liquid of actinomycete LY4-2. Add an equal amount of anhydrous ethanol to the soybean powder fermentation medium that has been fermented for 7 days, and then incubate it in a constant temperature shaker for 2 days for extraction. Filter the actinomycete LY4-2 fermentation extract through a funnel to obtain 1000 ml of concentrated liquid. Soak the macroporous resin in 95% ethanol, then wet-pack the column, and then load the concentrated liquid into the uppermost layer of the silica gel chromatography column (5.5 x 80 cm, inner diameter x length). After loading, let it stand for 24 h until the sample is fully adsorbed by the macroporous resin. Perform gradient elution with 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% methanol, and collect the fractions. Collect the five fractions, dry them by vacuum rotary evaporation at 45°C, and obtain the dry materials of the different fractions. Weigh a small amount of the dry materials and dissolve them in DMSO to prepare a 20 g / L mother liquor. Filter the mother liquor through a 0.22 um sterile microporous filter, dilute it with sterile water to 100 mg / L, and then use the mixed glue method to determine its activity against the banana anthracnose pathogen, and select the fraction with high activity. All tests were biologically repeated three times. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 5 As shown in Table 1, when the concentration is 100 mg / L, the inhibition rates of the 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% methanol extracts are 42.52%, 50.21%, 84.13%, and 66.72%, respectively. Therefore, we selected the 90% methanol elution component with the highest bacteriostatic rate as the actinomycete LY4-2 extract for subsequent experiments.

[0065] The inhibitory effect of the extract of Actinomyces LY4-2 on a broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi was explored by the mixed glue method. 5 ml of the extract of Actinomyces LY4-2 (20 mg / ml) was added to the PDA medium, and the PDA medium with a concentration of 200 μg / ml was prepared and poured into the plate. An equal amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the control group. A puncher with a diameter of 0.5 cm was used to take different pathogenic fungi with consistent growth potential from the fungal cake, which was placed at the center point of the PDA medium, and cultured at 28°C for 7 days. The experiment was repeated 3 times, the diameter of the colony was measured by the cross method, and the inhibition rate was calculated according to the above formula (unit: mm).

[0066] The results are shown in Figure 6 and Table 4. The results show that the strain LY4-2 has good antagonistic effect on strawberry anthracnose fungus, banana anthracnose fungus, litchi anthracnose fungus, mango anthracnose fungus, etc. Figure 6 The left graph of Figure 6 and Table 4). The extract of strain LY4-2 also has good antagonistic effect on pathogenic fungi

[0067] Table 4 Pathogenic fungi and inhibition rate

[0068]

[0069] Example 4 Prevention effect of the extract of strain LY4-2 on banana fruit anthracnose

[0070] (1) Virulence regression equation test

[0071] PDA medium was prepared (liquid volume: 50 ml / 250 ml flask). The 20 mg / mL sample mother liquor of the 90% methanol extract with the strongest antibacterial activity was mixed with the high-pressure sterilized PDA medium to prepare samples with concentrations of 200.00, 100.00, 50.00, 25.00, 12.50, and 6.25 (μg / ml), which were poured into plates and allowed to solidify. A 5 mm fungal cake of banana anthracnose pathogen was inoculated in the center of each culture dish, and DMSO aqueous solution was used as a control. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. After incubation at 28°C for 7 days Figure 7 , the antifungal activity of each concentration was determined, and the average inhibition rate of each test was calculated according to the above formula. The concentration of the crude extract was converted into the corresponding logarithmic value, and the linear regression was established by the least square method. The EC 50 value of the crude extract was calculated to be 18.48 μg / ml.

[0072] (2) Fruit experiment

[0073] Banana fruits without physical damage, clean skin, and pathogen infection were selected according to the standards of consistent maturity and size. The mother liquor was diluted with sterile water to 4 concentrations (1 × EC50 , 2 x EC 50 , 4 x EC 50 , 8 x EC 50 ) were prepared for the treatment of banana fruits. The fruits were sterilized with 75% ethanol (v / v) for 5 min, then washed with sterile distilled water for 3 times, and dried in an ultraviolet clean bench. The banana fruits were divided into 5 groups (1 x EC 50 group, 2 x EC 50 group, 4 x EC 50 group, 8 x EC 50 group, and control group) with 6 banana fruits in each group. Five 2 mm deep holes were punched on each banana fruit with a sterile 5 mm puncher. 35 μL of the extract with different concentrations (1 x EC 50 , 2 x EC 50 , 4 x EC 50 , 8 x EC 50 ) were injected into each hole. The same amount of sterile water was used as a control. After drying, a 5 mm diameter disc of C. musae pathogen was attached to each hole. The banana fruits in each group were placed on a glass Petri dish in a preservation box, which was lined with a layer of sterile paper at the bottom and the same amount of sterile water was added to maintain a suitable humidity environment. The preservation box was stored at 28°C and 85% relative humidity, and after 4-7 days of incubation, the banana fruits were photographed and the lesion diameters were measured every day from the fourth day to the seventh day to evaluate the effect of the extract with different concentrations on the disease resistance of banana fruits.

[0074] The results are shown in Figure 8 . After the fourth day of inoculation, the lesion diameter of the control group reached 1.16 cm, while no obvious disease occurred in the other treatment groups. With time, the lesion diameter of the control fruits gradually increased. The lesion diameter of the control fruits was 2.33 cm on the seventh day. In comparison, the lesion diameters of the banana fruits treated with the extract with concentrations of 1 x EC 50 , 2 x EC 50 , 4 x EC 50 , and 8 x EC 50 were about 1.04 cm, 1.06 cm, 0.65 cm, and 0.50 cm, respectively. It was found that with the increase of the extract concentration, the lesion diameter decreased in the treatment groups except for the 1 x EC 50 group. In particular, the extract with an EC 50 of 8 times significantly inhibited the infection of the pathogen throughout the storage period, which indicated that the extract of strain LY4-2 had a strong biological control effect.

[0075] The foregoing detailed description of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the application be limited not with this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A Streptomyces, characterized in that, It is Streptomyces abikoensis, named as Streptomyces abikoensis LY4-2, and is preserved in Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center with a preservation number of GDMCC NO: 66503.

2. The fermentation broth of the Streptomyces according to claim 1 or the sterile supernatant of the fermentation broth.

3. The ethanol extract of the fermentation broth of the Streptomyces according to claim 1.

4. The extract of the Streptomyces according to claim 1, which is prepared by eluting the material adsorbed on the column with different concentrations of methanol after the ethanol extract of claim 3 is subjected to macroporous resin filtration.

5. A formulation characterized in that, The Streptomyces according to claim 1, or the fermentation broth or the sterile supernatant of claim 2, or the ethanol extract of claim 3, or the extract of claim 4.

6. The use of the Streptomyces according to claim 1, or the fermentation broth of claim 2, or the ethanol extract of claim 3, or the extract of claim 4, or the preparation of claim 5 in the preparation of a preparation for antagonizing Colletotrichum musae, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Fusarium oxysporum, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola, and / or Gibberella saubinetii, and / or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola.

7. The use of the Streptomyces according to claim 1, or the fermentation broth of claim 2, or the ethanol extract of claim 3, or the extract of claim 4, or the preparation of claim 5 in the preparation of a preparation for preventing and treating diseases caused by Colletotrichum musae, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Fusarium oxysporum, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola, and / or Gibberella saubinetii, and / or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and / or Mycosphaerella musicola.

8. A method of controlling postharvest anthracnose of bananas, characterized in that, The ethanol extract of claim 3 or the extract of claim 4 is used to spray the surface of bananas after the bananas are picked.

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