Super deep mechanical method shaft construction method and system based on multi-well cooperative construction

Abstract

The application provides a super-deep mechanical shaft construction method based on multi-well cooperative construction, comprising the following steps: S1, constructing a first shaft pilot hole section and a second shaft pilot hole section at the positions of a first shaft and a second shaft respectively, and constructing an inclined shaft passage between the bottoms of the two shafts; then, performing reverse reaming, tunneling and supporting on the second shaft pilot hole section; S2, constructing a first shaft pilot hole section below the first shaft pilot hole section and a second shaft pilot hole section below the second shaft pilot hole section, and constructing an inclined shaft passage between the bottoms of the two shafts; then, performing reverse reaming, tunneling and supporting on the first shaft pilot hole section; S3, repeating steps S1 and S2 until the first shaft and the second shaft are tunneled to a target depth. The application combines the advantages of the shaft method and the reverse shaft method, overcomes the efficiency bottleneck of reverse gravity slag removal during shaft tunneling, realizes the parallel of tunneling, supporting and slag diversion, increases the shaft completion efficiency and reduces the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shaft design and construction technology, specifically relating to an ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method and system based on multi-shaft collaborative construction. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, commonly used shaft construction methods can be divided into the direct shaft method and the reverse shaft method. The difference between the two lies in whether a pilot shaft of a certain diameter is dug, and whether a tunnel is built at the bottom of the shaft. For deep shafts of kilometer level, the direct shaft method has extremely low muck removal efficiency and high safety risks, while the reverse shaft method has better cost control and high shaft completion efficiency, but there is a risk of muck chuting and shaft blockage.

[0003] Current ultra-deep vertical shaft construction technology mainly uses drilling and blasting methods. The main processes include tunneling, support, and muck removal, with the entire construction process focused on a single vertical shaft. The tunneling process includes pilot hole drilling, reverse drilling and enlargement, and full-face excavation. The support process includes the installation of the lining structure, and the muck removal process includes muck crushing and transportation. The top-down method uses top-down tunneling, and muck crushing and vertical hoisting of muck account for more than 60% of the time per cycle, resulting in extremely low muck removal efficiency. The reverse method is limited by the prerequisite that the tunnel at the bottom of the vertical shaft must be completed first. Furthermore, with increasing depth, the difficulty of controlling the drilling accuracy of the pilot shaft and the construction cost increase sharply (cost increases by about 30% for every 100m increase in depth, and the risk of pilot shaft blockage increases significantly).

[0004] To address the need for efficient and safe shaft construction in ultra-deep vertical shafts, it is urgent to solve the problem that traditional construction methods cannot simultaneously balance slag removal efficiency, construction difficulty, and safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method based on multi-well collaborative construction, which can at least solve some of the defects existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method based on multi-well collaborative construction includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Construct the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft using the orthogonal shaft method at the location of the first vertical shaft. Simultaneously, construct the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft at at least one adjacent to the first vertical shaft. The bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft is higher than the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft and the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft. Then, enlarge the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft in reverse and carry out full-face excavation and support construction to form the reverse shaft construction section of the second vertical shaft.

[0009] S2. Construct the pilot shaft section of the second vertical shaft using the forward shaft method below the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section. Simultaneously, construct the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft below the pilot shaft section. The bottom of the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft is higher than the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the second vertical shaft. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section and the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. Then, enlarge the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft in reverse and carry out full-face excavation and support construction to form the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section.

[0010] S3. Repeat steps S1 and S2, alternately constructing pilot shaft sections and pilot hole sections in the first and second vertical shafts until the first and second vertical shafts are excavated to the target depth.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific construction process of step S1 is as follows:

[0012] The first vertical shaft is excavated from top to bottom using a shaft tunneling machine until it reaches the first predetermined position, forming the pilot shaft section L. 11 ;

[0013] Using the guide drill bit of the reverse drilling rig, the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is constructed in the direction from top to bottom at the second vertical shaft position until the bottom surface of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is drilled to the second preset position, the second preset position being higher than the first preset position;

[0014] A full-casing rotary drilling rig was used to excavate the inclined shaft passage from the first preset position to the second preset position. Then, the reaming bit of the raise boring machine was transported from the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft. The pilot hole bit of the raise boring machine was removed and replaced with a reaming bit. Reverse reaming was then performed from the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft upwards to the top of the pilot hole section. Afterwards, the raise boring machine was dismantled, and a shaft tunneling machine was used for full-face excavation and support to form the second vertical shaft raise section L. 21 .

[0015] Furthermore, the specific construction process of step S2 is as follows:

[0016] The second vertical shaft was raised from section L using a shaft tunneling machine. 21 Excavation will proceed from top to bottom along the bottom until the third pre-set position is reached, forming the pilot section L of the second vertical shaft. 22 ;

[0017] The pilot drill bit of the riser drilling rig starts from the first vertical shaft pilot section L 11 The first vertical shaft pilot hole section is constructed from top to bottom until the bottom surface of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section is drilled to the fourth preset position, which is higher than the third preset position.

[0018] A full-casing rotary drilling rig was used to excavate the inclined shaft passage from the third preset position to the fourth preset position. Then, the reaming bit of the raise boring machine was transported from the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. The pilot hole bit of the raise boring machine was removed and replaced with a reaming bit. Reverse reaming was then performed from the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section upwards to the top of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. Afterwards, the raise boring machine was dismantled, and a shaft tunneling machine was used for full-face excavation and support to form the first vertical shaft raise construction section L. 12 .

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, the excavated soil generated during the reverse reaming and full-face excavation process in the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is transported to the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section via the inclined shaft passage, and then the excavated soil is hoisted and transported off-site by hoisting equipment; in step S2, the excavated soil generated during the reverse reaming and full-face excavation process in the first vertical shaft pilot hole section is transported to the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section via the inclined shaft passage, and then the excavated soil is hoisted and transported off-site by hoisting equipment.

[0020] Furthermore, the slope of each inclined shaft passage is 15-25°.

[0021] In addition, the present invention also provides an ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system based on multi-well collaborative construction, including a first shaft and a second shaft. The first shaft includes multiple first shaft pilot shaft sections and first shaft reverse shaft construction sections arranged alternately from top to bottom. The second shaft includes multiple second shaft reverse shaft construction sections and second shaft pilot shaft sections arranged alternately from top to bottom. The first shaft pilot shaft section corresponds one-to-one with the second shaft reverse shaft construction section, and the bottom surface height of the second shaft reverse shaft construction section is higher than the bottom surface height of the corresponding first shaft pilot shaft section. The bottom of each first shaft pilot shaft section and the bottom of the corresponding second shaft reverse shaft construction section, as well as the bottom of each second shaft pilot shaft section and the bottom of the corresponding first shaft reverse shaft construction section, are all connected by inclined shaft channels.

[0022] Furthermore, the pilot shaft section and the first vertical shaft reversal construction section of each first vertical shaft are coaxially arranged; the reversal construction section and the pilot shaft section of each second vertical shaft are coaxially arranged.

[0023] Furthermore, there are multiple first shafts and multiple second shafts, one first shaft is connected to at least one second shaft through an inclined shaft passage, and one second shaft is connected to at least one first shaft through an inclined shaft passage.

[0024] Furthermore, the inclined shaft passage includes a transfer platform horizontally arranged below the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section / second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section, a hoisting platform horizontally arranged below the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section / second vertical shaft pilot shaft section, and a lateral transport channel for excavated soil connecting the transfer platform and the hoisting platform; the transfer platform is located above the hoisting platform, and the inclination angle of the lateral transport channel for excavated soil is 15-25°.

[0025] Furthermore, the transverse transport channel for construction waste is equipped with belt conveyor equipment.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] (1) The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method based on multi-well collaborative construction provided by this invention integrates the advantages of the forward shaft method and the reverse shaft method. It constructs multiple adjacent shafts to be built in a coordinated, cyclical and segmented manner through pilot shaft sections (forward shaft method) and pilot hole sections (reverse shaft method), which reduces the excavation depth of the reverse shaft method and significantly reduces the total cost. At the same time, it constructs inclined shaft channels between adjacent shafts to be built, so that the slag removal process and the tunneling process are separated in space and run in parallel in time, improving the slag removal efficiency by more than 3 times and overcoming the problem of low slag removal efficiency of the forward shaft method.

[0028] (2) In the ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method based on multi-shaft collaborative construction provided by the present invention, the slag generated by the excavation of the first shaft is transported out through the completed section of the second shaft, and the slag generated by the excavation of the second shaft is transported out through the completed section of the first shaft. This realizes the collaborative construction between multiple shafts to be built and overcomes the problem that the entire construction process (excavation, slag removal, and support) of existing ultra-deep shafts is carried out in a single shaft space, and the processes are mutually restrictive.

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of ultra-deep mechanical vertical shaft construction using multi-well collaborative construction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second vertical shaft excavation with the first vertical shaft assisting in slag removal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation of the first vertical shaft with the second vertical shaft assisting in slag removal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary slag removal plan of the first and second vertical shafts in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a network-like multi-well coordinated slag removal plan in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a mapping diagram of the construction procedures and equipment parameters for ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction in this embodiment of the invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. First vertical shaft pilot section; 2. Vertical shaft tunneling machine; 3. Second vertical shaft pilot hole section; 4. Transfer platform; 5. Excavated soil; 6. Belt conveyor for excavated soil transportation; 7. Lateral transport channel for excavated soil; 8. Full casing full-rotation drilling rig; 9. Lifting platform; 10. Hoisting cylinder; 11. Second vertical shaft pilot section; 12. First vertical shaft pilot hole section; 13. Second vertical shaft reversal construction section; 14. First vertical shaft reversal construction section. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an abutting connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for constructing ultra-deep mechanical vertical shafts based on multi-well collaborative construction, including the following steps:

[0042] S1. Construct the first vertical shaft pilot section 1 using the orthogonal shaft method at the first vertical shaft location. Simultaneously, construct the second vertical shaft pilot hole section 3 at at least one second vertical shaft location adjacent to the first vertical shaft. The bottom position of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section 3 is higher than the bottom position of the first vertical shaft pilot section 1. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot section 1 and the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section 3. Then, reverse the hole enlargement of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section 3 and carry out full-section excavation and support construction to form the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13.

[0043] S2. Construct the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 using the forward shaft method below the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13. Simultaneously, construct the first vertical shaft pilot hole section 12 below the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1. The bottom position of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section 12 is higher than the bottom position of the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 and the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section 12. Then, reverse the hole enlargement of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section 12 and carry out full-face excavation and support construction to form the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14.

[0044] S3. Repeat steps S1 and S2, alternately constructing pilot shaft sections and pilot hole sections in the first and second vertical shafts until the first and second vertical shafts are excavated to the target depth.

[0045] In this embodiment, multiple shafts to be constructed are constructed in segments. For each segment of a single shaft, the forward shaft method and the reverse shaft method are used alternately. Meanwhile, between multiple adjacent shafts, pilot shaft segments (i.e., pilot shaft segment 1 of the first shaft and pilot shaft segment 11 of the second shaft) and pilot hole segments (i.e., pilot hole segment 3 of the second shaft and pilot hole segment 12 of the first shaft) are constructed in a coordinated manner. This construction method not only reduces the excavation depth of the reverse shaft method and significantly reduces the total cost, but also allows for the coordinated construction of multiple adjacent shafts, which separates the muck removal process from the tunneling process in space and allows them to run in parallel in time, greatly improving the muck removal efficiency and construction efficiency, and overcoming the problem of low muck removal efficiency in the forward shaft method.

[0046] Specifically, in step S1 above, the excavated soil generated during the reverse reaming and full-face excavation of the second vertical shaft pilot section 3 is transported through the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot section 1, and then hoisted off-site by lifting equipment; in step S2 above, the excavated soil generated during the reverse reaming and full-face excavation of the first vertical shaft pilot section 12 is transported through the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot section 11, and then hoisted off-site by lifting equipment. This method, where the excavated soil from the first vertical shaft is transported out through the completed section of the second vertical shaft, and vice versa, enables coordinated construction of multiple shafts to be built, overcoming the problem that the entire construction process (excavation, excavation, and support) of existing ultra-deep vertical shafts is carried out within a single shaft space, resulting in mutual constraints between procedures.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, a first vertical shaft can be constructed collaboratively with multiple adjacent second vertical shafts, and a second vertical shaft can also be constructed collaboratively with multiple adjacent first vertical shafts. This creates a networked system among the multiple shafts to be constructed. By optimizing the design of the construction stages between the shafts to be constructed (i.e., the pilot shaft section for the forward shaft method and the pilot hole section for the reverse shaft method), networked transportation of excavated soil at the bottom of the shafts can be achieved. At the same time, the excavated soil transportation process can be operated in an information-based and intelligent manner. For example, by relying on a digital twin control platform, the parallel operation of tunneling-support-excavation can be dynamically controlled, thereby further improving the excavation efficiency and significantly enhancing the independence and safety of each process.

[0048] Preferably, before the construction of the shaft, the geology of the shaft to be constructed is analyzed and predicted. Specifically, a geological prediction system (including laboratory simulation analysis device and digital simulation analysis system) can be used to explore the contact conditions of the shaft strata, geological structure, hydrogeological parameters, etc., so as to match the appropriate tunneling technology, materials and equipment.

[0049] The following example illustrates the specific process of using the ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method of this embodiment, taking the coordinated construction of two shafts, #1 (i.e., the first shaft) and #2 (i.e., the second shaft), as a case study. Figure 1 (as shown)

[0050] Step 1: Excavation of the foundation pit, interlocking ring support and backfilling

[0051] At the center of shafts #1 and #2 on the ground, an excavator was used to excavate a foundation pit of a certain depth. Then, mortar was laid at the bottom of the foundation pit, steel bars were tied, temporary support was provided with interlocking rings, and concrete was backfilled.

[0052] Step 2: Shaft #1 L 11 Section auxiliary well construction

[0053] Using a shaft tunneling machine 2, excavation was carried out from top to bottom in shaft #1 to a depth of L. 11 =100m, cross-sectional diameter φ 11 A pilot shaft ① with a depth of 1.5m was constructed, and then a full-casing, full-rotation drilling rig 8 was used to excavate the inclined shaft tunnel L at the bottom of the pilot shaft ①. 12 (Slope α1 = 15°, cross-sectional diameter φ) 12 =2m) to Shaft #2 L 21 The bottom of the segment.

[0054] Step 3: Shaft #2 L 21 Sectional shaft reverse shaft construction and support

[0055] A reverse drilling rig was used to drill from top to bottom into shaft #2 to a depth of L. 21 A pilot hole ① with a diameter of 80m and a cross-sectional diameter of φ1=0.4m was constructed. The reaming drill bit was transported from the inclined shaft passage ① to the bottom of the pilot hole ①, and the hole was reamed in the reverse direction to φ1'=1.5m. The drilling rig was then dismantled, and a vertical shaft tunneling machine was used to excavate the No. 2 vertical shaft L. 21 The entire section was excavated and supported. During the excavation, the excavated soil fell and was transported to the bottom of the pilot shaft ① via the inclined shaft passage ①. The excavated soil was then transported off-site via the hoisting cylinder 10 until the completion of the No. 2 vertical shaft L. 21 Well wall support for the section.

[0056] Step 4: Shaft #2 L 22 Section auxiliary well construction

[0057] Using a shaft tunneling machine 2, excavation was carried out from top to bottom in shaft #2 to a depth of L. 22 =100m, cross-sectional diameter φ 22 A pilot shaft ② with a depth of 1.5m was constructed. Then, a cantilever tunneling machine was used at the bottom of the pilot shaft ② to cut and excavate the inclined shaft passage ② (slope α2 = -15°, cross-sectional diameter φ). 21 =2m) to Shaft L #1 12 The bottom of the segment.

[0058] Step 5: Shaft #1 L 11 Section ~ L 12 Sectional shaft reverse shaft construction and support

[0059] A riser drilling rig was used to drill from top to bottom into shaft #1 to a depth of L. 12 A pilot hole ② with a diameter of 80m and a cross-sectional diameter of φ2=0.4m was constructed. The reaming drill bit was transported from the inclined shaft passage ② to the bottom of the pilot hole ②, and the hole was reamed in the reverse direction to φ2'=1.5m. The drilling rig was then dismantled, and a vertical shaft tunneling machine was used to excavate the No. 1 vertical shaft L. 11 Section ~ L 12 The entire section was excavated and supported. During the excavation, the excavated soil fell and was transported to the bottom of the pilot shaft ② via the inclined shaft passage ②. The excavated soil was then transported off-site via the hoisting cylinder 10 until the completion of the No. 1 vertical shaft L. 11Section ~ L 12 Well wall support for the section.

[0060] Step Six: Repeat steps Two through Five, alternating between them, to complete the No. 1 vertical shaft L. 13 Section ~ L 1n Section 2, Shaft L 22 Section ~ L 2n Section of well excavation and well wall support.

[0061] In the vertical shaft construction process of this embodiment, the equipment parameters and models used are designed and selected based on the specific construction conditions, such as... Figure 6 As shown, for example, during the tunneling process, the selection of a shaft boring machine requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as diameter, torque, speed, and rock-breaking capacity; the selection of a raise boring machine requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as diameter, drilling depth, power, and drill rod torque; and the selection of a full-rotation drilling machine requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as diameter, torque, power, and depth. During the muck removal process, the selection of rock-breaking equipment for gravity muck removal requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as impact power, pressure, speed, and impact frequency; the selection of belt conveyor systems for lateral transmission requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as flow rate, load-bearing capacity, friction, and speed; and the selection of cage hoisting systems for vertical lifting requires comprehensive consideration of parameters such as flow rate, head, volume, and tension.

[0062] In addition, this embodiment also provides an ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system based on multi-well collaborative construction, including a first shaft and a second shaft. The first shaft includes multiple first shaft pilot sections 1 and first shaft reverse shaft construction sections 14 arranged alternately from top to bottom. The first shaft pilot sections 1 are constructed using the forward shaft method, and the first shaft reverse shaft construction sections 14 are constructed using the reverse shaft method, utilizing the first shaft pilot hole section 12 for reverse borehole enlargement, excavation, and support. The second shaft includes multiple second shaft reverse shaft construction sections 13 and second shaft pilot sections 11 arranged alternately from top to bottom. The second shaft pilot sections 11 are constructed using the forward shaft method, and the second shaft reverse shaft construction sections 13 are constructed using the reverse shaft method, utilizing the second shaft... The pilot hole section 3 is formed by reverse enlargement, excavation, and support; the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 corresponds one-to-one with the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13, and the bottom height of the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13 is higher than the bottom height of the corresponding first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1; the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14 corresponds one-to-one with the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11, and the bottom height of the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14 is higher than the bottom height of the corresponding second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11; the bottom of each first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 and the bottom of the corresponding second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13, and the bottom of each second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 and the bottom of the corresponding first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14 are all connected by inclined shaft channels.

[0063] In this embodiment, when the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13 is constructed using the reverse shaft method, the already constructed first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 serves as a muck removal and transportation channel to assist the muck removal task during the excavation of the adjacent second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13. Similarly, when the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14 is constructed using the reverse shaft method, the already constructed second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 serves as a muck removal and transportation channel to assist the muck removal task during the excavation of the adjacent first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14.

[0064] In the optimized implementation, each of the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 and the first vertical shaft raise shaft construction section 14 is coaxially arranged, and each of the second vertical shaft raise shaft construction sections 13 and the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 is coaxially arranged to ensure the accuracy of vertical shaft construction. Furthermore, the cross-sectional areas of each of the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 and the first vertical shaft raise shaft construction section 14 are equal, and the cross-sectional areas of each of the second vertical shaft raise shaft construction sections 13 and the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11 are equal.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the design includes multiple first shafts and multiple second shafts. One first shaft is connected to at least one second shaft via an inclined shaft passage, and one second shaft is connected to at least one first shaft via an inclined shaft passage. In this way, the multiple first shafts and multiple second shafts form a network structure. During the construction process, the multiple shafts to be built form a network system. By optimizing the design of the construction stages between the shafts to be built (i.e., the pilot shaft section for the forward shaft method and the pilot hole section for the reverse shaft method), the networked transportation of excavated soil at the bottom of the shafts can be realized. At the same time, the excavated soil transportation process can be carried out in an information-based and intelligent manner, thereby further improving the efficiency of excavation and significantly enhancing the independence and safety of each process.

[0066] In this embodiment, the muck transportation channels include the gravity muck flow channel (i.e., the pilot hole section) formed during the reverse shaft drilling process, the muck diversion channel at the bottom, the muck lateral transportation channel in the inclined shaft channel, and the muck vertical hoisting channel in the pilot shaft section. Through the coordinated operation of these muck transportation channels, the vertical shaft excavation and muck removal processes can be carried out in parallel and in different locations, which significantly improves the muck removal efficiency.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the inclined shaft passage includes a transfer platform 4 horizontally arranged below the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 14 / second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section 13, a hoisting platform 9 horizontally arranged below the first vertical shaft pilot shaft section 1 / second vertical shaft pilot shaft section 11, and a lateral transport channel 7 for excavated soil connecting the transfer platform 4 and the hoisting platform 9; wherein, the transfer platform 4 can serve as an excavated soil diversion channel. The excavated soil generated during the reverse shaft method well construction is diverted through the transfer platform 4. Specifically, the excavated soil that falls to the bottom is collected in batches by excavated soil pumping equipment and pumped to the lateral transport channel 7. The excavated soil is then transported through the lateral transport channel 7 to the hoisting platform 9 at the bottom of the corresponding pilot shaft section. At the hoisting platform 9, the excavated soil is transported from the vertical hoisting channel of the pilot shaft section to the outside by excavated soil hoisting equipment. Preferably, the transfer platform 4 is located above the hoisting platform 9, and the inclination angle of the lateral transport channel 7 for construction waste is 15-25°, so that the construction waste can be transported by gravity during lateral transport, reducing power costs.

[0068] Specifically, the construction waste hoisting equipment includes a hoisting cylinder 10 and an intelligent dispatching hoist. The hoisting cylinder 10 is used to vertically hoist the construction waste transported from the horizontal construction waste transport channel 7 to the outside of the site. The intelligent dispatching hoist is used to lift the hoisting cylinder 10 and transport it to the outside of the site through the vertical construction waste hoisting channel.

[0069] Preferably, the transverse transport channel 7 for construction waste is equipped with a belt conveyor 6, which includes a belt, a continuous belt conveyor, a weighing system, a scanning system, etc., for calculating the amount of waste discharged and controlling the transport flow.

[0070] This embodiment of the ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system based on multi-well collaborative construction also includes a shaft tunneling machine 2 for the forward shaft method, a reverse shaft drilling rig assembly for the reverse shaft method, and a full-casing full-rotation drilling rig 8 for the inclined shaft tunnel construction, etc. The shaft tunneling machine 2, the reverse shaft drilling rig assembly, and the full-casing full-rotation drilling rig 8 can use existing equipment, and their specific structures will not be described in detail here.

[0071] The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All designs that are the same as or similar to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing ultra-deep mechanical vertical shafts based on multi-well collaborative construction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construct the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft using the orthogonal shaft method at the location of the first vertical shaft. Simultaneously, construct the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft at at least one adjacent to the first vertical shaft. The bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft is higher than the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the first vertical shaft and the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft. Then, enlarge the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft in reverse and carry out full-face excavation and support construction to form the reverse shaft construction section of the second vertical shaft. S2. Construct the pilot shaft section of the second vertical shaft using the forward shaft method below the second vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section. Simultaneously, construct the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft below the pilot shaft section. The bottom of the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft is higher than the bottom of the pilot shaft section of the second vertical shaft. Construct an inclined shaft passage between the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot shaft section and the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. Then, enlarge the pilot hole section of the first vertical shaft in reverse and carry out full-face excavation and support construction to form the first vertical shaft reverse shaft construction section. S3. Repeat steps S1 and S2, alternately constructing pilot shaft sections and pilot hole sections in the first and second vertical shafts until the first and second vertical shafts are excavated to the target depth. The specific construction process of step S1 is as follows: The first vertical shaft is excavated from top to bottom using a shaft tunneling machine until it reaches the first predetermined position, forming the pilot shaft section L. 11 ; Using the guide drill bit of the reverse drilling rig, the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is constructed in the direction from top to bottom at the second vertical shaft position until the bottom surface of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is drilled to the second preset position, the second preset position being higher than the first preset position; A full-casing rotary drilling rig was used to excavate the inclined shaft passage from the first preset position to the second preset position. Then, the reaming bit of the raise boring machine was transported from the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft. The pilot hole bit of the raise boring machine was removed and replaced with a reaming bit. Reverse reaming was then performed from the bottom of the pilot hole section of the second vertical shaft upwards to the top of the pilot hole section. Afterwards, the raise boring machine was dismantled, and a shaft tunneling machine was used for full-face excavation and support to form the second vertical shaft raise section L. 21 ; The specific construction process for step S2 is as follows: The second vertical shaft was raised from section L using a shaft tunneling machine. 21 Excavation will proceed from top to bottom along the bottom until the third pre-set position is reached, forming the pilot section L of the second vertical shaft. 22 ; The pilot drill bit of the riser drilling rig starts from the first vertical shaft pilot section L 11 The first vertical shaft pilot hole section is constructed from top to bottom until the bottom surface of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section is drilled to the fourth preset position, which is higher than the third preset position. A full-casing rotary drilling rig was used to excavate the inclined shaft passage from the third preset position to the fourth preset position. Then, the reaming bit of the raise boring machine was transported from the inclined shaft passage to the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. The pilot hole bit of the raise boring machine was removed and replaced with a reaming bit. Reverse reaming was then performed from the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section upwards to the top of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section. Afterwards, the raise boring machine was dismantled, and a shaft tunneling machine was used for full-face excavation and support to form the first vertical shaft raise construction section L. 12 .

2. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the excavated soil generated during the reverse expansion and full-face excavation of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section is transported to the bottom of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section through the inclined shaft channel, and then the excavated soil is hoisted and transported to the outside of the site by hoisting equipment. In step S2, the excavated soil generated during the reverse expansion and full-face excavation of the first vertical shaft pilot hole section is transported to the bottom of the second vertical shaft pilot hole section through the inclined shaft channel, and then the excavated soil is hoisted and transported off-site by hoisting equipment.

3. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The slope of each inclined shaft passage is 15-25°.

4. An ultra-deep mechanical vertical shaft construction system based on multi-well collaborative construction, characterized in that, The shaft is constructed using the ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction method according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising a first shaft and a second shaft. The first shaft includes multiple first shaft pilot sections and first shaft reverse shaft construction sections arranged alternately from top to bottom. The second shaft includes multiple second shaft reverse shaft construction sections and second shaft pilot sections arranged alternately from top to bottom. Each first shaft pilot section corresponds to a second shaft reverse shaft construction section, and the bottom surface of the second shaft reverse shaft construction section is higher than the bottom surface of the corresponding first shaft pilot section. Each first shaft reverse shaft construction section corresponds to a second shaft pilot section, and the bottom surface of the first shaft reverse shaft construction section is higher than the bottom surface of the corresponding second shaft pilot section. The bottom of each first shaft pilot section is connected to the bottom of the corresponding second shaft reverse shaft construction section, and the bottom of each second shaft pilot section is connected to the bottom of the corresponding first shaft reverse shaft construction section through an inclined shaft channel.

5. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The pilot shaft section and the first vertical shaft reversal construction section of each first vertical shaft are coaxially arranged; the reversal construction section and the pilot shaft section of each second vertical shaft are coaxially arranged.

6. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, There are multiple first shafts and multiple second shafts. One first shaft is connected to at least one second shaft through an inclined shaft passage, and one second shaft is connected to at least one first shaft through an inclined shaft passage.

7. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The inclined shaft tunnel includes a transfer platform, a hoisting platform, and a lateral transport channel for construction waste connecting the transfer platform and the hoisting platform; the transfer platform is located above the hoisting platform, and the lateral transport channel for construction waste has an inclination angle of 15-25°.

8. The ultra-deep mechanical shaft construction system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The lateral transport channel for construction waste is equipped with belt conveyor equipment.

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