Solar device, power utilization device, power generation device and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention provides a solar device, a power utilization device, a power generation device and a photovoltaic system. In the solar device, a plurality of solar cells can be connected in series through the design of a first groove, a second groove, a third groove and a fourth groove. Meanwhile, in the solar cell, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be located on the same side of the light absorption layer, and when sunlight enters from the light incidence face of the cell, the sunlight does not pass through the first electrode layer, so that the loss of incident light caused by optical absorption can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar device is further improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a solar energy device, an electric device, a power generation device and a photovoltaic system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.

[0003] Solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy. A conventional solar cell usually has a structure of a first electrode layer, a first charge extraction layer, a light absorbing layer, a second charge extraction layer and a second electrode layer arranged in sequence. At this time, when sunlight is incident from the front or back of the cell, it will pass through the electrode layer and the charge extraction layer, which will cause optical absorption between these layers and interfaces and result in loss. The absorption loss caused by the design of the solar cell structure will lead to a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. SUMMARY

[0004] A solar energy device includes a plurality of solar cells, each of which includes a charge extraction assembly including a first electrode layer and an insulating layer arranged in sequence, a second electrode layer located on a side of the insulating layer away from the first electrode layer, the insulating layer covering part of the surface of the second electrode layer, and the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer being electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and a light absorbing layer covering the charge extraction assembly and covering the surface of the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer. The plurality of solar cells are sequentially distributed along a first direction, a first groove is provided between adjacent solar cells to separate the second electrode layers of adjacent solar cells, a second groove is also provided between adjacent solar cells, the groove bottom of the second groove being located on the surface of the second electrode layer, at least part of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer being in communication through a conductive medium filled in the second groove, a third groove is also provided between adjacent solar cells to separate the first electrode layers of adjacent solar cells, and a fourth groove is also provided between adjacent solar cells to separate the light absorbing layers of adjacent solar cells. In the first direction, the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove divide and connect the plurality of solar cells.

[0005] The solar energy device can be divided and connected by the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be located on the same side of the light-absorbing layer, and the sunlight can not pass through the first electrode layer when the sunlight is incident on the light-incident surface of the solar cell, thereby reducing the loss of the incident light due to optical absorption and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar energy device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the insulating layer covers at least part of the second electrode layer, and the insulating layer fills the first groove. In the area where the insulating layer blocks the second electrode layer, the insulating layer fills the first groove, which can reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells and improve the reliability of the solar energy device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the insulating layers of the adjacent solar cells are connected. The connection of the insulating layers of the adjacent solar cells can further reduce the risk of short circuit between the adjacent solar cells and reduce the processing difficulty of the solar energy device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second groove is arranged away from the insulating layer. In this case, the insulating layer does not need to be processed when the second groove is processed.

[0009] In some embodiments, the charge extraction assembly further comprises a first charge transport layer located between the light-absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer covering the first electrode layer on the insulating layer, and a projection of the first charge transport layer in a thickness direction being located in the insulating layer, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction. The first charge transport layer can facilitate the extraction and transmission of charges in the light-absorbing layer, increase the number of charges transmitted to the first electrode layer and the transmission rate of the charges transmitted to the first electrode layer, and be conducive to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Optionally, the first charge transport layer is in contact with the insulating layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises a second charge transport layer located between the insulating layer and the second electrode layer, and the light-absorbing layer covers the surface of the second charge transport layer exposed from the insulating layer. The second charge transport layer can facilitate the extraction and transmission of charges in the light-absorbing layer, increase the number of charges transmitted to the second electrode layer and the transmission rate of the charges transmitted to the second electrode layer, and be conducive to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first groove separates the second charge transport layers of the adjacent solar cells.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fourth groove and the second groove at least partially overlap in projection along a thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction. This can reduce the dead area of the solar device and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second groove is located within the projection of the fourth groove along a thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction. This can further reduce the dead area of the solar device and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the third groove is located within the projection of the fourth groove along a thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction. This can further reduce the dead area of the solar device and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device.

[0015] In some embodiments, the third groove is filled with an insulating material. By filling the insulating material, the first electrode layer is directly not connected, and the risk of short circuit of the first electrode layer caused by filling of the subsequently deposited transport layer and light-emitting layer can be reduced.

[0016] In some embodiments, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is ≥ 10 14 Ω·cm. Optionally, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is 10 14 ~ 10 16 Ω·cm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer includes one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and ceramic material.

[0018] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer has a self-trapping light structure on the surface away from the second electrode layer. The self-trapping light structure can reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell, and is conducive to promoting the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer is provided with an anti-reflection layer on the side away from the second electrode layer. The provision of the anti-reflection layer can further reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell, improve the transmittance of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the cell, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0020] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer is also filled in the fourth groove.

[0021] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer. In this case, a perovskite solar cell can be formed.

[0022] In some embodiments, each of the solar cells comprises a plurality of charge extraction components, the plurality of charge extraction components are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction, and the insulating layers in the charge extraction components of the solar cells are one-to-one connected. By arranging a plurality of charge extraction components, the area ratio of the first electrode layer can be increased, the collection of charges can be promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be further improved. Optionally, the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solar cell further comprises an electrode lead wire, and the first electrode layers of the plurality of charge extraction components are connected by the electrode lead wire. By arranging an electrode lead wire, the collection of charges by the first electrode layers of the plurality of charge extraction components can be further promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

[0024] An electric device comprising the solar device.

[0025] A power generation device comprising the solar device.

[0026] A photovoltaic system comprising the solar device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] For better describing and illustrating the embodiments or examples provided in the present application, one or more drawings can be referred to. Additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of any one of the disclosed applications, the presently described embodiments or examples, and the best mode presently understood of these applications. Moreover, the same reference numbers are used to denote the same components throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 A top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 A Figure 1 A sectional view along direction A-A.

[0030] Figure 3 A top view of a solar device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 4 A Figure 3 A sectional view along direction B-B.

[0032] Figure 5 A Figure 3 A sectional view along direction C-C.

[0033] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of the solar energy device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3

[0034] Figure 7 FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C of the solar energy device according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 3

[0035] Figure 8 FIG. 3 is a plan view of the solar energy device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 9 FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a product structure when a first electrode layer is prepared according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] 1: solar cell; 11: charge lead-out assembly; 1101: first electrode layer; 1102: insulating layer; 12: second electrode layer; 13: light absorbing layer; 14: substrate; 15: first charge transport layer; 16: second charge transport layer; 17: anti-reflection layer; 18: electrode lead; 19: first recess; 110: second recess; 2: solar energy device; 21: third recess; 22: fourth recess. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the application, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It is expressly understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes and are not a limitation on the scope of the application. In addition, it is to be understood that certain specific details of the application are set forth in this description for a full and enabling understanding, but are not intended to limit the application. Those skilled in the art which belongs to the technical field of the present application will understand and appreciate the principles of the application more in light of the detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the associated drawings in which:

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this description of the application, the terms "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] ​​"ranges" disclosed herein can be defined, for example, by the lower and upper values. Any lower limit can independently be combined with any upper limit to define a range of any value. For example, if a range of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed as exemplary, it is understood that a range of 60-110 and 80-120 are also contemplated. Furthermore, if a minimum range value of 1 and 2 is listed, and if a maximum range value of 3, 4, and 5 is also listed, then the following ranges are all contemplated: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. In this application, the use of "a" and "an" to describe a single item can be taken as equivalent to the use of "one" or "at least one," unless otherwise limited by context. In this application, the use of "or" as a conjunction can be taken as

[0042] In this application, the use of "a" and "an" to describe a single item can be taken as equivalent to the use of "one" or "at least one," unless otherwise limited by context. In this application, the use of "or" as a conjunction can be taken as

[0043] All embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, if not specifically stated.

[0044] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the application. The appearances of the phrase that the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly understood that the embodiments described herein are combinable with each other. Reference herein to "an implementation" has a similar understanding.

[0045] Those skilled in the art can understand that the sequence of writing each step in the method of each embodiment or example does not mean a strict execution sequence and constitutes any limitation on the implementation process. The detailed execution sequence of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. If not specifically stated, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method can include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method can also include step (c), which means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method can include steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0046] In the present application, the open technical features or technical solutions described with "containing", "including", "comprising" and the like, if not otherwise stated, do not exclude additional members from the listed members, which can be regarded as providing both the closed features or solutions composed of the listed members, and the open features or solutions including additional members in addition to the listed members. For example, A includes a1, a2 and a3, if not otherwise stated, it can also include other members, or it can not include additional members, which can be regarded as providing the feature or solution that "A is composed of a1, a2 and a3", and also providing the feature or solution that "A not only includes a1, a2 and a3, but also includes other members".

[0047] In the present application, A (such as B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and A can be understood as not limited to B, if not otherwise stated.

[0048] In the present application, "optionally", "optional" and "optional" mean that it can or can not be present, that is, it can be selected from either of the two parallel schemes "have" or "have not". If there are multiple "optional" in a technical solution, if not specifically stated, and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" is independent.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2An embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell 1. The solar cell 1 comprises: a charge lead-out assembly 11, the charge lead-out assembly 11 comprising a first electrode layer 1101 and an insulating layer 1102 which are arranged in a stack; a second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 being located on a side of the insulating layer 1102 which is away from the first electrode layer 1101, the insulating layer 1102 covering part of a surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the second electrode layer 12 which is not covered by the insulating layer 1102 being electrically connected to the first electrode layer 1101; and a light-absorbing layer 13, the light-absorbing layer 13 covering the charge lead-out assembly 11 and covering the surface of the second electrode layer 12 which is not covered by the insulating layer 1102.

[0050] In the above solar cell 1, the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12 can be located on the same side of the light-absorbing layer 13, and when sunlight is incident on the light-incident surface of the cell, the sunlight can not pass through the first electrode layer 1101, so that loss of incident light due to optical absorption can be reduced, and thus photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be improved.

[0051] It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, Figure 1 , the light-absorbing layer 13 shields the structure below the light-absorbing layer 13. In order to more clearly show the structure below the light-absorbing layer 13, in the above embodiment, Figure 1 , the outline of the first charge transport layer 15 below the light-absorbing layer 13 is shown by a dashed line on the light-absorbing layer 13. It can be known from Figure 2 that, below the light-absorbing layer 13, Figure 1 , there is part of the structure of the charge lead-out assembly 11, wherein the first charge transport layer 15, the first electrode layer 1101 and the insulating layer 1102 in the charge lead-out assembly 11 below the light-absorbing layer 13 are shielded by the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0052] Please refer to Figures 3-5 , another embodiment of the present application provides a solar device 2. The solar device 2 comprises a plurality of the above solar cells 1, and the plurality of solar cells 1 are sequentially distributed along a first direction.

[0053] Specifically, the solar device 2 comprises a plurality of solar cells 1. The solar cell 1 comprises: a charge lead-out assembly 11, the charge lead-out assembly 11 comprises a first electrode layer 1101 and an insulating layer 1102 which are arranged in a stack. A second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 is located on the side of the insulating layer 1102 away from the first electrode layer 1101, the insulating layer 1102 covers part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, the second electrode layer 12 not covered by the insulating layer 1102 is electrically connected with the first electrode layer 1101. An absorbing layer 13, the absorbing layer 13 covers the first electrode layer 1101 and the insulating layer 1102, and covers the surface of the second electrode layer 12 not covered by the insulating layer 1102. A plurality of solar cells 1 are sequentially distributed along a first direction, and a first groove 19 is arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the first groove 19 separates the second electrode layers 12 of adjacent solar cells 1. A second groove 110 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the bottom of the second groove 110 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and at least part of the first electrode layer 1101 electrically connected with the second electrode layer 12 is in communication through the conductive medium filled in the second groove 110. A third groove 21 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the third groove 21 separates the first electrode layers 1101 of adjacent solar cells. A fourth groove 22 is also arranged between adjacent solar cells 1, the fourth groove 22 separates the absorbing layers 13 of adjacent solar cells 1. Along the first direction, the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22 divide and connect the plurality of solar cells 1.

[0054] In the solar device 2 of the present embodiment, the plurality of solar cells 1 are divided and connected by the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22. Specifically, the first groove 19 is used to separate the second electrode layers 12 between adjacent solar cells 1, the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22 are respectively used to separate the first electrode layers 1101 and the absorbing layers 13 between adjacent solar cells 1, and the conductive medium filled in the second groove 110 is used to electrically connect the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12. As described above for the solar cell 1, the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell 1 can be improved by structural design. Therefore, in the solar device 2 of the present embodiment, the solar device 2 has high photoelectric conversion efficiency by the series connection of the plurality of solar cells 1.

[0055] Optionally, the conductive medium is a conductive material capable of electrically connecting the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12. For example, the conductive medium can be a metal conductive material and / or graphene. The metal conductive material includes Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Pt, etc. The material of the conductive medium and the first electrode layer 1101 can be the same or different. Further optionally, the material of the conductive medium and the first electrode layer 1101 is the same. In this way, the preparation of the first electrode layer 1101 and the electrical connection between the first electrode layer 1101 and the second electrode layer 12 can be achieved at the same time by one step, simplifying the preparation process.

[0056] As shown in the embodiments of Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the projection of the third groove 21 on the insulating layer 1102 along the thickness direction of the charge extraction component 11 and the projection of the fourth groove 22 on the insulating layer 1102 along the thickness direction of the charge extraction component 11 completely coincide. In this case, the fourth groove 22 can penetrate the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell, and the fourth groove 22 also separates the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell.

[0057] It can be understood that the thickness direction intersects the first direction, and optionally, the thickness direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0058] It can be understood that Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively represent Figure 3 the cross-sectional view of the solar device in the embodiment represented by Figure 3 . Since in the solar cell 1, the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12, the B-B direction and the C-C direction of Figure 4 and Figure 5 are different, that is,

[0059] As shown in the embodiments of Figure 6 and Figure 7In the illustrated embodiment, the projection of the fourth groove 22 on the insulating layer 1102 in the direction of the thickness of the charge-lead-out assembly does not completely coincide with the projection of the third groove 21 on the insulating layer 1102 in the direction of the thickness of the charge-lead-out assembly (in other words, the two projections partially coincide or are completely offset), and in this case, the fourth groove 22 does not penetrate the first electrode layer 1101 of the adjacent solar cell, and the bottom of the fourth groove 22 is located on the surface of the first electrode layer 1101. It can be understood that, Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively represent Figure 3 the cross-sectional view of the solar device in another embodiment represented by Figure 3 the B-B direction and the C-C direction of the solar device in another embodiment represented by Figure 6 and Figure 7 are different.

[0060] It can be understood that the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21, and the fourth groove 22 can be obtained by laser scribing, respectively. It can be further understood that the first groove 19, the second groove 110, the third groove 21, and the fourth groove 22 can also be obtained by other feasible methods, for example, the first groove 19 can be obtained by a mask preparation method.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the insulating layer 1102 covers at least part of the second electrode layer 12, and the insulating layer 1102 fills the first groove 19. In one embodiment of the preparation of the solar device 2, the first groove 19 can be formed on the second charge transport layer 16 and the second electrode layer 12 by a method such as laser scribing, and when the insulating layer 1102 is prepared, the material of the insulating layer 1102 will fill into the first groove 19, so that the area of the second electrode layer 12 covered by the insulating layer 1102 is filled with the insulating layer 1102. In the area of the second electrode layer 12 covered by the insulating layer 1102, the insulating layer 1102 fills the first groove 19. This can reduce the risk of short circuit between adjacent solar cells 1 and improve the reliability of the solar device 2.

[0062] In some embodiments, the insulating layers 1102 of the adjacent solar cells 1 are connected. The insulating layers 1102 of the adjacent solar cells 1 are connected, which can reduce the risk of short circuit between the adjacent solar cells 1 and reduce the processing difficulty of the solar device 2. For example, in the processing of the solar device 2, a method such as laser etching is usually used to form, and when processing the second groove 110, the insulating layer 1102 can not need to be laser etched, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the solar device 2. In addition, the material of the insulating layer 1102 usually includes metal oxide material, and the difficulty of laser etching of these metal oxides is relatively large, so in the present embodiment, the insulating layer 1102 does not need to be laser etched, which can reduce the processing difficulty of the solar device 2.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second groove 110 is arranged away from the insulating layer 1102. At this time, the insulating layer 1102 does not need to be processed when the second groove 110 is processed.

[0064] It can be understood that the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the second groove 110 is arranged away from the insulating layer 1102. Figure 3 In the embodiment, the C-C position is not provided with the insulating layer 102. Corresponding to the embodiments of Figure 5 and Figure 7 In the embodiment, the C-C position is not provided with the insulating layer 1102 above the second charge transport layer 16. In the embodiment, Figure 3 In the embodiment, the C-C position is provided with the first electrode layer 1101 away from the insulating layer 1102. Corresponding to the embodiments of Figure 5 and Figure 7 In the embodiment, the C-C position is provided with the first electrode layer 1101 away from the insulating layer 1102, so in the embodiment, Figure 5 In the embodiment, the first electrode layer 1101 in the second groove 110 represents the first electrode layer 1101 away from the insulating layer 1102. It can also be understood that in the process of manufacturing the first electrode layer 1101, the first electrode layer 1101 can be obtained by manufacturing the patterned first electrode layer 1101, so that part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the insulating layer 1102, and part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located in the second groove 110.

[0065] In some embodiments, the charge extraction component 11 further comprises a first charge transport layer 15, the first charge transport layer 15 is located between the light absorption layer 13 and the first electrode layer 1101, the first charge transport layer 15 covers the first electrode layer 1101 on the insulating layer 1102, a projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in a thickness direction is located within the insulating layer 1102, the thickness direction intersects the first direction, and optionally, the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The first charge transport layer 15 can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light absorption layer 13, increase the number of charges transported to the first electrode layer 1101 and the transport rate of charges transported to the first electrode layer 1101, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Optionally, the first charge transport layer 15 is in contact with the insulating layer 1102.

[0066] It can be understood that the first charge transport layer 15 can comprise an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. In the case where the first charge transport layer 15 comprises an electron transport layer, the first charge transport layer 15 transports the electrons generated in the light absorption layer 13 to the first electrode layer 1101; in the case where the first charge transport layer 15 comprises a hole transport layer, the first charge transport layer 15 transports the holes generated in the light absorption layer 13 to the first electrode layer 1101.

[0067] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer 1101 on the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the insulating layer 1102, and a projection of the first charge transport layer 15 in the thickness direction of the insulating layer 1102 is flush with two edges of the insulating layer 1102 in the first direction. At this time, the first electrode layer 1101 can be more completely covered by the first charge transport layer 15 and the insulating layer 1102, and the charges transported by the first charge transport layer 15 can be more fully transported to the first electrode layer 1101, which can reduce the leakage current and corrosion caused by the direct contact between the first electrode layer 1101 and the light absorption layer 13, thereby facilitating the reduction of loss during the charge transport process and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1.

[0068] In some embodiments, the solar cell 1 further comprises a second charge transport layer 16, which is located between the insulating layer 1102 and the second electrode layer 12, and the light absorbing layer 13 covers the surface of the second charge transport layer 16 exposed from the insulating layer 1102. The provision of the second charge transport layer 16 can facilitate the extraction and transport of charges in the light absorbing layer 13, increase the amount of charges transported to the second electrode layer 12 and the transport rate of the charges transported to the second electrode layer 12, and thus facilitate further improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Optionally, the second charge transport layer 16 can be an electron transport layer, or can comprise a hole transport layer. In the case where the second charge transport layer 16 comprises an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 16 transports the electrons generated in the light absorbing layer 13 to the second electrode layer 12; in the case where the second charge transport layer 16 comprises a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 16 transports the holes generated in the light absorbing layer 13 to the second electrode layer 12.

[0069] It can be understood that the second charge transport layer 16 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second charge transport layer 16.

[0070] It can also be understood that one of the first charge transport layer 15 and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises an electron transport layer, and the other comprises a hole transport layer, or one of the first charge transport layer 15 and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises a hole transport layer, and the other comprises an electron transport layer. For example, in some embodiments, the first charge transport layer 15 comprises an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises a hole transport layer. In other embodiments, the first charge transport layer 15 comprises a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 16 comprises an electron transport layer.

[0071] In some embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and derivatives thereof: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerene and derivatives thereof, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine (OMeTPA-FA), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), poly 3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine (H101) with triacontane as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-aniline)carbazole-spiro-bisfluorene (CzPAF-SBF), polythiophene, metal oxide, silicon oxide (SiO2), strontium titanate (SrTiO3), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), etc.; wherein the metal element can include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga, and Cr.

[0072] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and derivatives thereof: 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriazamine (PTAA), nickel oxide (NiO x ), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), WO3, etc. Materials that can transport holes, block electrons.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first recess 19 separates the second charge transport layer 16 of adjacent solar cells 1.

[0074] In some embodiments, the fourth recess 22 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the second recess 110 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar device can be reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0075] In some embodiments, the projection of the second recess 110 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1 is located within the projection of the fourth recess 22 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0076] In some embodiments, the projection of the third recess 21 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1 is located within the projection of the fourth recess 22 along the thickness direction of the solar cell 1, and the thickness direction intersects the first direction, and optionally, the thickness direction is perpendicular to the first direction. At this time, the dead area of the solar device can be further reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar device can be improved.

[0077] In some embodiments, the third recess 21 is filled with an insulating material. By filling the insulating material, the first electrode layer 1101 is directly not connected, and the risk of short circuit of the first electrode layer 1101 caused by the filling of the subsequently deposited transport layer and light-emitting layer can also be reduced.

[0078] In some embodiments, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer 1102 is ≥10 14 Ω·cm. For example, the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer 1102 can be 10 14 Ω·cm, 2×10 14 Ω·cm, 5×10 14 Ω·cm, 8×10 14 Ω·cm, 10 15 Ω·cm, 2×10 15 Ω·cm, 5×10 15Ω-cm, 8 x 10 15 Ω-cm, 10 16 Ω-cm, 5 x 10 16 Ω-cm, 10 17 Ω-cm, or a range between any two of the above values. Optionally, the material of the insulating layer 1102 has a resistivity of 10 14 ~10 16 Ω-cm. Further optionally, the material of the insulating layer 1102 includes one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and a ceramic material. Optionally, the ceramic material includes one or more of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide.

[0079] It can be appreciated that when the third groove 21 is filled with an insulating material, the insulating material can be selected from the materials listed above for the insulating layer 1102.

[0080] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 has a self-trapping light structure on the surface away from the second electrode layer 12. It can be appreciated that the self-trapping light structure refers to a surface structure composed of microscale or nanoscale protrusions or depressions, which can utilize phenomena such as refraction, reflection, scattering, and interference of light to change the propagation path of light on the surface of the solar cell, increase the residence time of light inside the solar cell, effectively reduce the reflection of light, and thus improve the light absorption rate. The self-trapping light structure can reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell 1, increase the scattering and coupling of light, and be conducive to promoting the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. It can be appreciated that the self-trapping light structure can include a pyramidal textured structure. The self-trapping light structure can be prepared by laser processing or chemical processing.

[0081] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 has a light- enhancing layer 17 disposed on the side away from the second electrode layer 12. The light-enhancing layer is also known as an anti-reflection film, and its main function is to reduce or eliminate reflected light on the surface of the cell, thereby increasing the amount of transmitted light and reducing or eliminating stray light in the system. It can be appreciated that the provision of the light-enhancing layer 17 can further reduce the reflectivity of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the solar cell 1, increase the transmittance of sunlight on the light-incident surface of the cell, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1. Optionally, the light-enhancing layer 17 can be formed on the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the second electrode layer 12 by deposition, and / or an anti-reflection film can be adhered to the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the second electrode layer 12 to form the light-enhancing layer 17.

[0082] It can be appreciated that when the light-enhancing layer 17 is formed, the material of the light-enhancing layer 17 fills the fourth groove 22, i.e., the light-enhancing layer 17 also fills the fourth groove 22. It can be further appreciated that the light-enhancing layer 17 can also be separated by the fourth groove 22.

[0083] Optionally, the material of the anti-reflection layer 17 can be one or more of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, organic silicone resin, and polyacrylic resin.

[0084] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer 13 comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer 13, and a perovskite solar cell can be formed.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 8 In some embodiments, the charge-extracting component 11 in each solar cell 1 comprises a plurality of charge-extracting components 11, and the plurality of charge-extracting components 11 are spaced apart on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction, and the insulating layers 1102 in the charge-extracting components 11 of adjacent solar cells 1 are connected one by one. By arranging the plurality of charge-extracting components 11, the area ratio of the first electrode layer 1101 can be increased, the collection of charges can be promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be further improved. Further, by arranging the plurality of charge-extracting components 11, the charges on the large-area solar device 2 can be fully collected, which is conducive to promoting the development of the large-area solar device 2. It can be understood that the solar cell 1 further comprises an electrode lead 18, and the first electrode layers 1101 of the plurality of charge-extracting components 11 are connected through the electrode lead 18. By arranging the electrode lead 18, the collection of charges by the first electrode layers 1101 of the plurality of charge-extracting components 11 can be further promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be improved. Further optionally, the material of the electrode lead 18 can be the same as that of the first electrode layer 1101. Optionally, the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other. Please refer to Figure 8 As an example, Y represents the first direction, and X represents the second direction, and the second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0086] It can be understood that the one-to-one corresponding connection of the insulating layers 1102 in the charge-extracting components 11 of adjacent solar cells 1 means that the number of insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 is the same, and the insulating layers 1102 of adjacent solar cells 1 are connected in the first direction.

[0087] It can be understood that the first direction, the second direction, and the thickness direction intersect each other in pairs. Optionally, the first direction, the second direction, and the thickness direction are perpendicular to each other in pairs.

[0088] In some embodiments, the plurality of charge extraction components 11 are spaced apart along the second direction on the surface of the second electrode layer 12. In the solar cell 1 of the present application, the insulating layer 1102 is located on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12, and the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12. By arranging the plurality of charge extraction components 11, the area ratio of the first electrode layer 1101 can be increased, the collection of charges can be promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be further improved. It can be understood that, as the area of the cell increases, the arrangement of the plurality of charge extraction components 11 can promote the charge extraction of the large-area light-absorbing layer and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the large-area cell.

[0089] Optionally, the solar cell 1 further comprises an electrode lead 18, and the first electrode layers 1101 of the plurality of charge extraction components 11 are connected through the electrode lead 18. By arranging the electrode lead 18, the collection of charges by the first electrode layers 1101 of the plurality of charge extraction components 11 can be further promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 1 can be improved. Further optionally, the material of the electrode lead 18 can be the same as that of the first electrode layer 1101.

[0090] As an example of the plurality of charge extraction components 11, please refer to Figure 8 , in which the solar cell 1 comprises three charge extraction components 11, and the first electrode layers 1101 of the three charge extraction components 11 are connected through the electrode lead 18. It can be understood that the number of the charge extraction components 11 in the solar cell 1 can be appropriately selected according to actual design requirements. For example, the number of the charge extraction components 11 in the solar cell 1 can be two, four, five, six, etc.

[0091] It can be understood that the solar cell 1 further comprises a substrate 14, and the substrate 14 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 12 away from the light-absorbing layer 13. Optionally, the substrate 14 can be a PCB ceramic plate, plastic, silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, etc. Further optionally, the substrate 14 can be a rigid insulating substrate 14. Further, since sunlight can not need to pass through the first electrode layer 1101 to be incident on the light-absorbing layer 13, the surface of the light-absorbing layer 13 away from the substrate 14 can be used as the light-incident surface, and at this time, when selecting the substrate 14, the light-transmitting property of the substrate 14 does not need to be specially limited, that is, when a substrate 14 with poor light-transmitting property is selected, the solar cell 1 can also obtain a relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0092] Of course, when the second electrode layer 12 is a transparent electrode layer, both surfaces of the solar cell 1 can serve as light-incident surfaces. Further optionally, when the second electrode layer 12 is a transparent electrode layer, the material of the second electrode layer 12 is selected from one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0093] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode layer 12 comprises at least one of a conductive metal, a conductive non-metal, and a conductive oxide. Optionally, the conductive metal is selected from one or more of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof. The conductive non-metal is selected from C. The conductive oxide is selected from one or more of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0094] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 1101 comprises at least one of a conductive metal, a conductive non-metal, and a conductive oxide. Optionally, the conductive metal is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof. The conductive non-metal is selected from C. Further, the first electrode layer 1101 can also be a transparent electrode layer, in which case the material of the first electrode layer 1101 is selected from at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0095] In some embodiments, the solar cell 1 further comprises a metal fluoride layer. The metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the first electrode layer 1101. Alternatively, the metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the second electrode layer 12. By the provision of the metal fluoride layer, the extraction of electrons can be facilitated, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module can be improved.

[0096] It can be understood that other functional layers such as a modification layer can also be introduced in the solar cell 1 according to requirements. Optionally, the solar cell 1 can be provided with a modification layer with a suitable energy level, which can play one or more of the roles of reducing the energy level barrier, promoting energy level matching, improving charge extraction efficiency, passivating interface defect states, protecting the light-absorbing layer 13, inhibiting the oxidation and decomposition of water molecules and oxygen on the cell, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving cell stability. Depending on the location of the modification layer, the types of modification layers can include a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the anode, a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the cathode, a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the light-absorbing layer 13, a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the light-absorbing layer 13, and the like. Optionally, the materials that can be used for the modification layer in the perovskite solar cell 1 can include but are not limited to Cu2O, NiO, AZO, TiO2, and the like.

[0097] It can be understood that the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 includes a material with a chemical formula of ABX3 or A2CDX6. Wherein:

[0098] A is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, including at least one of an organic amine cation, a Cs cation, a K cation, a Rb cation, and a Li cation; the organic amine cation is selected from (NR1R2R3R4) + , (R1R2N=CR3R4) + , (R1R2N-C(R5)=NR3R4) + , or (R1R2N-C(NR5R6)=R3R4) + , wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each independently selected from H, substituted or non-substituted C1-20 alkyl, or substituted or non-substituted aryl; A is optionally at least one of a methylamine group (CH3NH3 + (MA + ), a formamidinium group (HC(NH2)2 + (FA + ), a Cs cation (Cs + ), and a Rb cation (Rb + ), and further optionally a methylamine group (CH3NH3 + ) or a formamidinium group (HC(NH2)2 + ).

[0099] B is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, including at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium, and is optionally at least one of the divalent metal ions Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ .

[0100] C is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, optionally a monovalent metal ion Ag + etc.

[0101] D is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, optionally a trivalent metal ion bismuth cation Bi 3+ , antimony cation Sb 3+ , indium cation In 3+ etc.

[0102] X is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion, optionally one or more of halogen anions and halogen-like anions, further optionally bromide (Br - ) or iodide (I - ).

[0103] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 is 1.2 eV ~ 2.3 eV. As an example, the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 is 1.2 eV, 1.3 eV, 1.4 eV, 1.5 eV, 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, 1.8 eV, 1.9 eV, 2 eV, 2.1 eV, 2.2 eV, 2.3 eV, or a range between any two of the above values. When the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 is within the above range, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 can have a higher visible light absorption efficiency.

[0104] The present application also provides a method for manufacturing the solar device 2. The method for manufacturing the solar device 2 comprises the following steps:

[0105] A second charge transport layer 16 is prepared on the second electrode layer 12.

[0106] A first recess 19 is prepared, which penetrates the second charge transport layer 16 and the second electrode layer 12 from the thickness direction of the second electrode layer 12, so as to separate the second charge transport layer 16 and the second electrode layer 12 of adjacent solar cells 1.

[0107] An insulating layer 1102 is prepared on part of the surface of the second electrode layer 12.

[0108] A second recess 110 is prepared in the area of the second electrode layer 12 exposed from the insulating layer 1102, which penetrates the second charge transport layer 16.

[0109] A first electrode layer 1101 is prepared, part of the first electrode layer 1101 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 1102 away from the second electrode layer 12, and part of the first electrode layer 1101 fills the second recess 110 to be connected with the second electrode layer 12. At this time, the structure of the product is as shown in Figure 7As shown. It can be understood that after the first groove 19 is fabricated, a portion of the substrate 14 is exposed from the first groove 19. The first electrode layer 1101, which is offset from the insulating layer 1102, fills the second groove 110, and the second groove 110 contacts the second electrode layer 12.

[0110] A first charge transport layer 15 is formed above the first electrode layer 1101 on the insulating layer 1102.

[0111] A perovskite layer is prepared such that the light-absorbing layer 13 covers the surface of the first charge transport layer 15, the first electrode layer 1101 exposed from the first charge transport layer 15, and the second charge transport layer 16.

[0112] A third groove 21 and a fourth groove 22 are prepared. The third groove 21 penetrates the first charge transport layer 15 and the first electrode layer 1101, and the fourth groove 22 penetrates the light-absorbing layer 13. Multiple adjacent solar cells 1 can be formed on the solar device 2 through the third groove 21 and the fourth groove 22.

[0113] Another embodiment of this application provides an electrical device. This electrical device includes one or more of the aforementioned solar cell 1 and solar energy device 2.

[0114] Another embodiment of this application provides a power generation device. This power generation device includes one or more of the aforementioned solar cell 1 and solar energy device 2.

[0115] Another embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic system. This photovoltaic system includes one or more of the above-described solar cell 1 and solar energy device 2.

[0116] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0117] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar energy device, characterized by, The solar cell comprises a plurality of solar cells, each of which comprises: a charge extraction component comprising a first electrode layer and an insulating layer arranged in a stack; a second electrode layer located on a side of the insulating layer away from the first electrode layer, the insulating layer covering part of a surface of the second electrode layer, and the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer being electrically connected to the first electrode layer; a light-absorbing layer covering the charge extraction component and covering the surface of the second electrode layer not covered by the insulating layer; wherein a plurality of the solar cells are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and a first groove is arranged between adjacent solar cells to separate the second electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells; a second groove is further arranged between the adjacent solar cells, a bottom of the second groove being located on the surface of the second electrode layer, and at least part of the first electrode layer electrically connected to the second electrode layer being in communication through a conductive medium filled in the second groove; a third groove is further arranged between the adjacent solar cells to separate the first electrode layers of the adjacent solar cells; a fourth groove is further arranged between the adjacent solar cells to separate the light-absorbing layers of the adjacent solar cells, and the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove divide and connect the plurality of solar cells along the first direction.

2. The solar energy device of claim 1, wherein, The insulating layer covers at least part of the area of the second electrode layer, and the insulating layer fills the first groove.

3. The solar energy device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The insulating layers of the adjacent solar cells are connected.

4. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second groove is arranged away from the insulating layer.

5. The solar energy device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The charge extraction component further comprises a first charge transport layer located between the light-absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer covering the first electrode layer on the insulating layer, a projection of the first charge transport layer in a thickness direction being located in the insulating layer, and the thickness direction intersecting the first direction.

6. The solar device of claim 5, wherein, The first charge transport layer is in contact with the insulating layer.

7. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The solar cell further comprises a second charge transport layer located between the insulating layer and the second electrode layer, and the light-absorbing layer covers the surface of the second charge transport layer exposed from the insulating layer.

8. The solar device of claim 7, wherein, The first groove separates the second charge transport layers of the adjacent solar cells.

9. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The solar device satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) a projection of the fourth groove along a thickness direction of the solar cell at least partially overlaps with a projection of the second groove along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction; (2) a projection of the second groove along a thickness direction of the solar cell is located within a projection of the fourth groove along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction; (3) a projection of the third groove along a thickness direction of the solar cell is located within a projection of the fourth groove along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness direction intersecting the first direction; (4) the third groove is filled with an insulating material; (5) the resistivity of the material of the insulation layer is ≥ 10 14 Ω-cm.

10. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, the material of the insulating layer satisfies one or two of the following conditions: (1) the resistivity of the material of the insulating layer is 10 14 ~10 16 Ω-cm; (2) the material of the insulating layer comprises one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and ceramic material.

11. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, the surface of the light-absorbing layer away from the second electrode layer is a self-trapping light structure.

12. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, a light-transmitting layer is arranged on the side of the light-absorbing layer away from the second electrode layer.

13. The solar device of claim 12, wherein, the light-transmitting layer is also filled in the fourth groove.

14. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, the light-absorbing layer comprises a perovskite light-absorbing layer.

15. The solar energy device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, In each of the solar cells, the charge-lead-out assembly has a plurality of charge-lead-out assemblies, and the plurality of charge-lead-out assemblies are distributed on the surface of the second electrode layer along a second direction, the second direction intersects the first direction, and the insulating layers in the charge-lead-out assemblies of adjacent solar cells are one-to-one connected.

16. The solar device of claim 15, wherein, The second direction and the first direction are perpendicular to each other.

17. The solar energy device of claim 15 or 16, wherein, The solar cell further comprises an electrode lead wire, and the first electrode layers of the plurality of charge-lead-out assemblies are connected through the electrode lead wire.

18. An electrical device, comprising: The solar device comprises any one of the solar cells in claims 1-17.

19. A power generation device characterized by comprising: The solar device comprises any one of the solar cells in claims 1-17.

20. A photovoltaic system characterized by, The solar device comprises any one of the solar cells in claims 1-17.

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