Rotating phycomycete biological membrane device for enhanced treatment of low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage and operation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and provides a rotary phycomycete biological membrane device for enhanced treatment of sewage with a low carbon nitrogen ratio. The rotating phycomycete biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage comprises a supporting assembly, a biofilm carrier assembly, a light source, a light guide assembly and a driving assembly, the rotary phycomycete biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage can improve the illumination utilization rate, the system operation stability and the environmental adaptability of the rotary phycomycete biofilm reactor, and promotes large-scale application of a phycomycete biofilm sewage treatment technology. In addition, the invention also relates to an operation method of the rotating phycomycetes biological membrane device for implementing the enhanced treatment of the low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular relates to a rotating algal-bacterial biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage and an operation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of sewage treatment technology, the rotating reactor based on algal-bacterial biofilm has gradually become the focus of the industry due to its dual advantages of high efficiency and economical operation in wastewater treatment. The core of this technology lies in the synergistic effect of microalgae and microorganisms, which can effectively remove key pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus in wastewater, and it has shown good application potential in the field of sewage treatment.

[0003] However, in actual application, the existing rotating algal-bacterial biofilm reactor still has obvious technical bottlenecks. In most technical solutions, the growth of microalgae is highly dependent on natural light or external light sources, which is limited by uneven light distribution, leading to inconsistent growth of the biofilm and directly affecting the overall treatment efficiency. Moreover, there is a lack of directional guidance and optimal utilization of light design, resulting in waste of light resources and difficulty in achieving high-density cultivation of microalgae and efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0004] Currently, there are improvement schemes in the existing technology that introduce a light guide system. Although these schemes attempt to achieve light redirection and focusing through specific optical structures, they often rely on complex mechanical drive components to adapt to changes in sunlight angles, which not only increases the complexity of the system but also fails to ensure stable light supply in cloudy or insufficient light conditions. At the same time, none of the existing schemes involve the application of precise light transmission and deep coverage technology, further limiting the adaptability and treatment capacity of the reactor in complex environments.

[0005] Therefore, the existing rotating algal-bacterial biofilm reactor still has outstanding deficiencies in terms of light utilization rate, system operation stability, and environmental adaptability, which directly restricts the popularization and large-scale application of this technology. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a rotating algal-bacterial biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage and an operation method thereof to solve the above technical problems and improve the light utilization rate, system operation stability, and environmental adaptability of the rotating algal-bacterial biofilm reactor, thereby promoting the large-scale application of algal-bacterial biofilm wastewater treatment technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical solution of the present application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a rotating algal-bacterial biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage.

[0008] The application discloses a rotating algal bacteria biofilm device for intensively treating low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage. a support assembly; a biofilm carrier assembly arranged as at least one group or multiple groups distributed on the support assembly; a light source arranged on the support assembly and corresponding to the biofilm carrier assembly and located at the inner side of the biofilm carrier assembly; a light guide assembly arranged in an array at the outer side of the biofilm carrier assembly and used for guiding the light of the light source from the inner side to the outer side of the biofilm carrier assembly; a driving assembly arranged on the support assembly and used for driving the biofilm carrier assembly to move.

[0009] Further, the biofilm carrier assembly comprises: a rotating shaft arranged rotatably on the support assembly in pairs; a carrier film configured as a cylinder wrapped on the rotating shaft; at least part of the carrier film is immersed in the sewage, and the immersed part of the carrier film periodically changes with the rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Further, the carrier film is a polypropylene film with a pore diameter of 0.5 mm.

[0011] Further, the light guide assembly comprises: a flexible buckle flexibly connected to the carrier film; an optical fiber arranged detachably on the flexible buckle along a direction perpendicular to the plane where the carrier film is located.

[0012] Further, the optical fiber comprises a pyramid-shaped end portion with a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing in a direction away from the carrier film.

[0013] Further, the light source is an LED lamp panel with adjustable wavelength and light intensity.

[0014] Further, the driving assembly comprises: a support seat arranged detachably on the support assembly; a bidirectional servo motor fixedly arranged on the support seat; a power output shaft of the bidirectional servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission structure.

[0015] Further, a controller is further included; the controller is electrically connected to the light source and comprises an ambient light intensity detection module used for detecting the ambient light intensity and negatively feeding back adjusting the light intensity of the light source.

[0016] Furthermore, the light guide components are distributed at a density of 0.5 per square centimeter on the biofilm carrier component.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio proposed in this application has the following advantages: (1) The supporting components in this application provide support and limit the other parts of the structure, and can stably support the biofilm carrier component, the light source, the light guide component and the driving component. The biofilm carrier component provides an attachment space for the algae and bacteria biofilm, and the multiple sets of spaced distribution can optimize the contact effect between the biofilm and the sewage. The light source is located inside the biofilm carrier component, and together with the light guide components distributed in an array on the outside of the carrier, it can guide the light from the inside of the carrier to the outside, realize the effective transmission of light, and avoid the light blind zone. The driving component drives the biofilm carrier component to move, which can make the biofilm fully contact the low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage. The overall structure works together to achieve enhanced treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage and improve sewage treatment efficiency.

[0018] (2) The cylindrical carrier membrane can be stably supported by a pair of rotatable shafts, and the cylindrical structure increases the attachment area of ​​the algae and bacteria biofilm; at least part of the carrier membrane is immersed in the sewage, and the immersed part changes periodically with the rotation of the shaft, so that the biofilm can alternately contact the sewage and air, which not only ensures that the biofilm fully adsorbs and degrades the pollutants in the sewage, but also provides the air environment required for photosynthesis of algae and bacteria, promotes the synergistic effect of algae and bacteria, and improves the treatment effect of sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio. Polypropylene material itself has good chemical stability, which can avoid being corroded by pollutants in sewage and extend the service life of the carrier membrane; the appropriate pore size design is selected based on the actual situation of algae attachment, and by selecting an appropriate pore size, the effect of algae attachment can be improved.

[0019] (3) The use of flexible connections avoids physical damage to the carrier membrane and algae biofilm caused by rigid structures, while allowing slight deformation of the carrier membrane as it rotates with the shaft, ensuring a stable connection between the light guide component and the carrier membrane. The optical fiber is positioned perpendicular to the carrier membrane, allowing light to be transmitted directly from the inside to the outside of the carrier membrane, reducing the bending of the light transmission path and improving light transmission efficiency. The detachable design facilitates the replacement of aging or damaged optical fibers according to actual usage, reducing maintenance costs and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the light guide component. Furthermore, the addition of the light guide component significantly increases the effective contact area for algae attachment, allowing for a larger number of algae to grow within the same carrier membrane area. The light guide component increases the adhesion between algae and the carrier membrane, reducing the requirements for the carrier membrane material and lowering the overall cost of the device. Operators can determine the growth thickness of the algae biofilm by selecting the length of the optical fiber, thus adapting to the treatment needs of different types and levels of pollution in wastewater.

[0020] (4) By using a pyramidal end, the light transmitted inside the optical fiber can be dispersed to multiple directions, so that the light can irradiate the surface and interior of the biofilm at different angles, expand the light coverage, avoid the generation of light blind spots, and thus promote the uniform growth of algae and bacteria biofilm, improve the overall activity of algae and bacteria, and provide a guarantee for the efficient degradation of pollutants in low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater. The optical fiber is laid out at a density of 0.5 fibers per square centimeter, which can ensure uniform light coverage without increasing the complexity of the system. If the light guide components are distributed too densely, it will increase the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the device, and may also affect the attachment of algae and bacteria due to the excessive occupation of the carrier membrane surface space by the light guide components; if the distribution is too sparse, it will lead to incomplete light coverage and insufficient light in some parts of the biofilm, which will affect the growth of algae and bacteria; while the appropriate distribution density can balance the cost, maintenance difficulty and algae and bacteria attachment space of the device while ensuring uniform light coverage of the entire biofilm surface, ensuring that algae and bacteria in each area can obtain sufficient light, promote the uniform growth and activity of algae and bacteria, and thus ensure the stable treatment effect of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater.

[0021] (5) By using adjustable LED light panels as the light source, from the perspective of algal and bacterial growth requirements, different types of algae and bacteria have different spectral requirements at different growth stages. For example, red light is more suitable for promoting the initial growth of Chlorella and the accumulation of carbohydrates and lipids, while blue light is more conducive to protein synthesis and the activation of antioxidant mechanisms. In the case of antibiotic stress, blue light may alleviate stress damage by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the wavelength adjustable function can meet this requirement; while the adjustable light intensity can adjust the output intensity according to the external ambient light conditions, avoiding excessive light causing energy waste or insufficient light affecting the photosynthesis of algae and bacteria, achieving energy saving while ensuring the activity of algae and bacteria, and further optimizing the treatment efficiency of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater.

[0022] (6) The drive assembly consists of a support and a bidirectional servo motor. The detachable support facilitates the installation, maintenance, and replacement of the bidirectional servo motor, reducing the difficulty of later maintenance. The bidirectional servo motor can provide stable power output and its speed is adjustable. The shaft speed can be adjusted according to the concentration of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater. When the wastewater concentration is high, appropriately increasing the speed can increase the contact frequency between the biofilm and the wastewater and improve the degradation efficiency. When the wastewater concentration is low, reducing the speed can reduce energy consumption. The transmission structure ensures the effective transmission of power from the motor to the shaft, ensuring that the carrier membrane can rotate stably and providing power for the continuous operation of the device.

[0023] (7) By adopting a negative feedback adjustment mechanism, the light intensity of the light source can always be matched with the light conditions required for the growth of algae and bacteria, which can not only ensure the stability of algae and bacteria activity and wastewater treatment effect, but also reduce unnecessary energy consumption and improve the energy-saving and environmental protection of the device.

[0024] Secondly, this application proposes an operating method for realizing the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as described above.

[0025] An operating method includes the following steps: S1, determine the type and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater and select suitable algae and bacteria species; S2, Select the appropriate length of the light guide component according to the characteristics of the wastewater and the species of algae and bacteria, and assemble the light guide component on the biofilm carrier component; S3, inoculate algae and bacteria onto the surface of the biofilm carrier component; S4, adjust the rotational speed of the drive component and the illumination intensity of the light source; S5, Based on the growth of algae and bacteria, the light intensity and wavelength of the light source are adaptively adjusted.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the operating method proposed in this application has the following advantages: (1) This application prepares for efficient wastewater treatment by accurately matching algae and bacteria with pollutants through step S1; step S2 ensures that the light guiding effect of the light guiding component is adapted to the needs of algae and bacteria, and avoids the growth of algae and bacteria due to insufficient or excessive light guiding; step S3 ensures that the initial distribution of algae and bacteria is uniform, which is conducive to the stable formation of biofilm in the future; step S4 constructs the initial operating environment so that the device can quickly enter the treatment state; step S5 adapts to the dynamic needs of algae and bacteria growth by dynamically adjusting the light source parameters, ensuring that algae and bacteria maintain high activity for a long time, thereby achieving continuous and efficient treatment of wastewater with low carbon-nitrogen ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as described in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a side structural schematic diagram of the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as described in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biofilm carrier assembly described in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the light guide assembly described in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component described in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Support component; 2. Biomembrane carrier component; 201. Rotating shaft; 202. Carrier membrane; 3. Light source; 4. Light guide component; 401. Flexible buckle; 402. Optical fiber; 5. Drive component; 501. Support; 502. Bidirectional servo motor; 6. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0034] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0035] The first aspect of this application provides a rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. It is applied in the field of wastewater treatment technology and is mainly used to improve the light utilization rate, system operation stability and environmental adaptability of the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm reactor, thereby promoting the large-scale application of algae and bacteria biofilm wastewater treatment technology.

[0036] In existing technologies, rotating algae biofilm reactors still face significant technical bottlenecks. Most solutions rely heavily on natural light or external light sources for microalgae growth. Uneven light distribution can lead to inconsistent biofilm growth, directly impacting overall processing efficiency. Furthermore, the lack of directional light guidance and optimized utilization designs results in wasted light resources, hindering high-density microalgae cultivation and efficient, stable system operation. Current technologies include improvements incorporating light guiding systems, attempting to redirect and focus light through specific optical structures. However, these often rely on complex mechanical drive components to adapt to changing sunlight angles, increasing system complexity and failing to guarantee stable light supply in cloudy or low-light conditions. Moreover, existing solutions lack technologies for precise light transmission and deep coverage, further limiting the reactor's adaptability and processing capacity in complex environments.

[0037] In view of this, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low C / N ratio wastewater in this embodiment includes a support component 1, a biofilm carrier component 2, a light source 3, a light guide component 4, and a drive component 5. The biofilm carrier component 2, light source 3, light guide component 4, and drive component 5 are all mounted on the support component 1. The biofilm carrier component 2 can be configured as a single group or multiple groups spaced apart and parallel to each other, depending on site conditions and actual needs. The installation positions of the light sources 3 correspond one-to-one with the installation positions of the biofilm carrier components 2. The light sources 3 are installed on the inner side of the biofilm carrier component 2. Multiple light guide components 4 are provided on the surface of the biofilm carrier component 2. The light guide components 4 are arranged in an array on the outer side of the biofilm carrier component 2. The drive component 5 is mounted on the top of the support component 1 and connected to the biofilm carrier component 2.

[0038] By adopting the above structure, the support component 1 provides support and constraint for other parts of the structure, and can stably support the biofilm carrier component 2, the light source 3, the light guide component 4, and the drive component 5. The biofilm carrier component 2 provides an attachment space for the algae and bacteria biofilm, and the multiple sets of spaced distribution can optimize the contact effect between the biofilm and the wastewater. The light source 3 is located inside the biofilm carrier component 2, and together with the light guide component 4 distributed in an array on the outside of the carrier, it can guide the light from the inside of the carrier to the outside, realize the effective transmission of light, and avoid blind spots. The drive component 5 drives the biofilm carrier component 2 to move, which can make the biofilm fully contact the low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater. The overall structure works synergistically to achieve enhanced treatment of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater and improve wastewater treatment efficiency.

[0039] Based on the above overall introduction, specifically, as an exemplary structural form, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Support component 1 can be a metal frame welded from rectangular hollow galvanized square steel. Understandably, while ensuring the overall rigidity and stability of the device, a lightweight frame structure is suitable for support component 1. An end plate with threaded holes can be provided at the end of support component 1 closest to the ground. The threaded holes can be located near the four corners of the end plate. This end plate structure increases the contact area between support component 1 and the ground, thus ensuring the support stability of support component 1, and also serves as a fastener for installing anchor bolts. In order to provide a suitable environment for the growth of algae and bacteria, and thus ensure the overall efficiency of wastewater treatment, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the biofilm carrier assembly 2 includes a rotating shaft 201 and a carrier membrane 202. The rotating shafts 201 are arranged in pairs on the support assembly 1 and are capable of rotating around their own axes to support and drive the carrier membrane 202. The carrier membrane 202 is constructed in a cylindrical shape, entirely covering the paired rotating shafts 201 to form a stable membrane structure. During device operation, at least a portion of the carrier membrane 202 is immersed in the low C / N ratio wastewater to be treated, and the immersed portion of the carrier membrane 202 changes periodically with the rotation of the rotating shafts 201. The carrier membrane 202 can be a perforated polypropylene film with a pore size of 0.5 mm.

[0040] Understandably, the rotating shaft 201 can be made of a metal material with good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Its two ends can be connected to the support assembly 1 via bearings. The bearings reduce frictional loss during shaft 201 rotation, ensuring long-term stable operation. The cylindrical structure of the carrier membrane 202 can be formed using a seamless covering method, keeping the membrane surface flat and avoiding gaps caused by membrane splicing that could affect algae and bacteria adhesion. Simultaneously, the cylindrical structure maximizes the effective surface area of ​​the carrier membrane 202, providing more ample adhesion space for the algae and bacteria biofilm. From a functional perspective, the periodic changes in the submerged portion of the carrier membrane 202 allow the algae and bacteria biofilm on the membrane surface to alternately contact wastewater and air: when in contact with wastewater, the algae and bacteria can adsorb and degrade pollutants in the wastewater; when in contact with air, they can obtain carbon dioxide and oxygen required for photosynthesis. This alternating mode fully leverages the synergistic effect of algae and bacteria, preparing for the subsequent efficient treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The specific model of polypropylene membrane can be selected according to actual needs to meet the requirements of long-term use in wastewater environments. Surface treatment can also be used to improve its biological adaptability and durability to algae and bacteria. The pores on the membrane can be formed by precision punching, with uniform pore distribution, which will not damage the overall structural strength of the membrane and ensure good light transmittance.

[0041] As described above, the cylindrical carrier membrane 202 is stably supported by the paired rotatable shafts 201, and the cylindrical structure increases the attachment area of ​​the algae and bacteria biofilm. At least part of the carrier membrane 202 is immersed in the sewage, and the immersed part changes periodically with the rotation of the shafts 201, allowing the biofilm to alternately contact sewage and air. This ensures that the biofilm fully adsorbs and degrades pollutants in the sewage, while also providing the air environment required for photosynthesis by the algae and bacteria, promoting synergistic effects between algae and bacteria, and improving the treatment effect on sewage with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The polypropylene material itself has good chemical stability, which can prevent corrosion by pollutants in the sewage and extend the service life of the carrier membrane 202. The suitable pore size design, on the one hand, facilitates the penetration of light emitted by the light source 3 into the membrane, reaching the algae and bacteria biofilm on the membrane surface, providing sufficient light for photosynthesis by algae and bacteria; on the other hand, it can effectively improve the algae and bacteria attachment performance of the carrier membrane 202.

[0042] Based on the goal of improving light efficiency and thus promoting algal and fungal growth, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the light guiding component 4 includes a flexible snap fastener 401 and an optical fiber 402. The flexible snap fastener 401 is flexibly connected to the carrier film 202, allowing it to fit tightly against the surface of the carrier film 202 without damaging the film or its algae / bacterial biofilm. The optical fiber 402 is positioned perpendicular to the plane of the carrier film 202 and is detachably installed via the flexible snap fastener 401, facilitating subsequent maintenance, replacement, or adjustment. As an exemplary structural form, the flexible snap fastener 401 can be made of elastic double-sided plastic patches and snap fasteners, and its shape can be designed according to the curvature of the carrier film 202 surface to ensure a good fit. The optical fiber 402 can be made of a material with high transparency and low light loss, and its surface is smoothed to reduce light loss during transmission.

[0043] By employing a flexible connection, physical damage to the carrier membrane 202 and algae biofilm from the rigid structure can be avoided. Simultaneously, slight deformation of the carrier membrane 202 is allowed as it rotates with the shaft 201, ensuring a stable connection between the light guide component 4 and the carrier membrane 202. The optical fiber 402, positioned perpendicular to the carrier membrane 202, allows light to be transmitted directly from the inside to the outside of the carrier membrane 202, reducing bends in the light transmission path and improving light transmission efficiency. The detachable design facilitates the replacement of aged or damaged optical fibers 402 according to actual usage, reducing maintenance costs and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the light guide component 4. Furthermore, the addition of the light guide component 4 significantly increases the effective contact area for algae attachment, allowing for a larger number of algae to grow within the interconnected area of ​​the carrier membrane 202. The light guide component 4 increases the adhesion between algae and the carrier membrane 202, reducing the material requirements of the carrier membrane 202 to some extent and lowering the overall cost of the device. Operators can determine the growth thickness of the algae biofilm by selecting the length of the optical fiber 402, thus adapting to the treatment needs of different types and levels of wastewater pollution.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, the optical fiber 402 includes a pyramidal end, the cross-sectional area of ​​which gradually decreases along the direction away from the carrier film 202, forming a pointed cone structure. The pyramidal end can be made by precision cutting and polishing the end of the optical fiber 402, resulting in a smooth and uniformly angled cone surface to ensure uniform reflection of light on the cone surface. A distribution density of 0.5 optical fibers per square centimeter is suitable for the optical fibers 402.

[0045] By employing a pyramidal end, the light transmitted inside the optical fiber 402 can be dispersed in multiple directions, allowing the light to illuminate the surface and interior of the biofilm at different angles. This expands the light coverage area, avoids the formation of blind spots, and promotes uniform growth of the algae and bacteria biofilm, enhancing the overall activity of the algae and bacteria and ensuring efficient degradation of pollutants in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater. The optical fiber 402, with a density of 0.5 fibers per square centimeter, ensures uniform light coverage without increasing system complexity. If the light guide components 4 are distributed too densely, it will increase the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the device, and may also occupy too much surface space on the carrier membrane 202, affecting algae and bacteria attachment. If the distribution is too sparse, it will lead to incomplete light coverage, resulting in insufficient light in some areas of the biofilm, affecting algae and bacteria growth. The appropriate distribution density balances the cost, maintenance difficulty, and algae and bacteria attachment space while ensuring uniform light coverage of the entire biofilm surface. This ensures that algae and bacteria in each area receive sufficient light, promoting uniform growth and enhanced activity, thereby guaranteeing stable treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater.

[0046] To better adapt to the entire growth process of algae and fungi, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the light source 3 is an LED light board, which has adjustable wavelength and light intensity, and can adjust the output light wavelength and light intensity according to actual needs. As an exemplary structural form, the LED light board can be made of surface-mount LED beads arranged evenly, and the surface of the light board can be coated with a waterproof coating to adapt to the humid environment that the device may encounter; at the same time, the light board is equipped with a dedicated adjustment module, through which the wavelength output and current of the LED beads can be controlled separately, thereby realizing the adjustment of wavelength and light intensity.

[0047] By using an adjustable LED light panel as the light source 3, from the perspective of algal growth needs, different types of algae and bacteria have different spectral requirements at different growth stages. For example, some algae and bacteria are more likely to absorb blue light in the early stage of growth, while they are more efficient at absorbing red light in the stable growth stage. The wavelength adjustment function can adapt to this requirement. The adjustable light intensity can adjust the output intensity according to the external ambient light conditions, avoiding excessive light causing energy waste or insufficient light affecting the photosynthesis of algae and bacteria. While ensuring the activity of algae and bacteria, energy saving is achieved, further optimizing the treatment efficiency of low carbon-nitrogen ratio wastewater.

[0048] Based on the purpose of driving the rotation of the biofilm carrier assembly 2, in this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5In this embodiment, the drive component 5 includes a support 501, a bidirectional servo motor 502, and a transmission structure. The support 501 is detachably mounted on the support component 1 via bolts, providing a stable mounting base for the bidirectional servo motor 502. The bidirectional servo motor 502 is fixedly mounted on the support 501, and its power output shaft is connected to the rotating shaft 201 via a coupling to transmit power to the rotating shaft 201, driving it to rotate. When multiple biofilm carrier components 2 are configured, power is transmitted between the rotating shafts 201 of adjacent biofilm carrier components 2 via a synchronous belt. As an exemplary structural form, the support 501 can be made of welded steel plate with anti-corrosion treatment to ensure it is not easily rusted in a wastewater environment. The bidirectional servo motor 502 can be a model with speed adjustment function, allowing for adjustment of the output speed as needed. The transmission structure can use synchronous belt drive, which features low noise, smooth transmission, high transmission efficiency, and large torque.

[0049] The drive assembly 5, consisting of a support 501 and a bidirectional servo motor 502, features a detachable support 501 for easy installation, maintenance, and replacement of the bidirectional servo motor 502, reducing the difficulty of later maintenance. The bidirectional servo motor 502 provides stable power output and its speed is adjustable, allowing the rotation speed of the shaft 201 to be adjusted according to the concentration of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater. When the wastewater concentration is high, appropriately increasing the rotation speed can increase the contact frequency between the biofilm and the wastewater, improving degradation efficiency; when the wastewater concentration is low, decreasing the rotation speed can reduce energy consumption. The transmission structure ensures the effective transmission of power from the motor to the shaft 201, ensuring the stable rotation of the carrier membrane 202 and providing power for the continuous operation of the device.

[0050] To improve the intelligence level of the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low C / N ratio wastewater, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 In this embodiment, the rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater also includes a controller 6, which is electrically connected to the light source 3 and can control the operating status of the light source 3. At the same time, the controller 6 includes an ambient light intensity detection module, which can detect the ambient light intensity outside the device in real time and feed the detection result back to the controller 6. Based on the result, the controller 6 adjusts the light intensity of the light source 3 through a negative feedback mechanism.

[0051] As an example of a structural form, the controller 6 can use a microcontroller as the core control unit, equipped with a data processing module and a signal output module to process the detection data and control the light source 3; the ambient light intensity detection module can use a photosensitive sensor, which is installed on the outside of the device in an unobstructed position, and can accurately obtain the real-time intensity of the external ambient light. The ambient light intensity detection module collects external light information in real time. For example, when the external light is strong during the day, the sensor detects a high light intensity signal and transmits it to the controller 6. The controller 6 adjusts and reduces the light intensity of the light source 3 through negative feedback to avoid excessive light and energy waste; when the external light is weak at night or on a cloudy day, the sensor detects a low light intensity signal, and the controller 6 increases the light intensity of the light source 3 to ensure that the algae and bacteria obtain sufficient light for photosynthesis.

[0052] By adopting a negative feedback adjustment mechanism, the light intensity of light source 3 can always be matched with the light conditions required for algae and bacteria growth, which not only ensures the stability of algae and bacteria activity and wastewater treatment effect, but also reduces unnecessary energy consumption and improves the energy efficiency and environmental protection of the device.

[0053] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides an operation method. The operation method in this embodiment includes the following steps: Step S1: First, test the low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater to be treated to determine the type (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc.) and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater. Then, select algae and bacteria species that can efficiently degrade such pollutants based on the characteristics of the pollutants to ensure that the algae and bacteria are compatible with the wastewater treatment requirements.

[0054] Step S2: Based on the algae species selected in Step S1 and the light conditions required for their growth, select a light guide component 4 of appropriate length to ensure that the light guide component 4 can effectively transmit light to the algae growth area. Then, assemble the selected light guide component 4 onto the biofilm carrier component 2 to ensure that the light guide component 4 is installed firmly and in the correct position.

[0055] Step S3: Inoculate the algae and bacteria selected in step S1 onto the surface of the carrier membrane 202 of the biofilm carrier component 2. During the inoculation process, ensure that the algae and bacteria are evenly distributed on the surface of the carrier membrane 202 to prepare for the subsequent formation of a stable algae and bacteria biofilm.

[0056] Step S4: Based on the concentration of the wastewater to be treated and the initial growth state of the algae and bacteria, adjust the rotation speed of the drive component 5 so that the biofilm carrier component 2 rotates at a suitable speed. At the same time, adjust the light intensity of the light source 3 to provide an initial suitable light environment for the algae and bacteria.

[0057] Step S5: During device operation, periodically observe the growth of algae and bacteria (such as biofilm thickness, color, and activity), and adaptively adjust the light intensity and wavelength of light source 3 according to changes in growth. For example, when algae and bacteria enter a rapid growth phase, appropriately adjust the wavelength to a spectrum more suitable for this phase, and finely adjust the light intensity according to growth requirements to ensure that algae and bacteria are always in a suitable growth environment.

[0058] The above steps are as follows: Step S1 precisely matches algae and bacteria with pollutants to prepare for efficient wastewater treatment; Step S2 ensures that the light guiding effect of the light guiding component 4 is adapted to the needs of algae and bacteria, avoiding insufficient or excessive light guiding from affecting algae and bacteria growth; Step S3 ensures uniform initial distribution of algae and bacteria, which is conducive to the stable formation of subsequent biofilm; Step S4 constructs the initial operating environment so that the device can quickly enter the treatment state; Step S5 dynamically adjusts the parameters of the light source 3 to adapt to the dynamic needs of algae and bacteria growth, ensuring that algae and bacteria maintain high activity for a long time, thereby achieving continuous and efficient treatment of wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.

[0059] This application demonstrated excellent performance when applied to the treatment of livestock and poultry farm wastewater in Jiangsu Province, removing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and antibiotics. The system exhibits high adaptability to wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. After a period of stable operation, the algae and bacteria biomass reached approximately 30 g / m², with a biofilm thickness of about 1.5 mm, indicating that the fiber optic cable arrangement increases biomass. Furthermore, the system achieved nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates exceeding 96% and antibiotic removal efficiency reaching 98%, significantly outperforming rotating algae and bacteria biofilm systems without fiber optic cables. This superior pollutant removal is attributed to the increased biofilm thickness and uniform light distribution, resulting in more efficient synergistic effects between microalgae and bacteria. In addition, the device exhibits good environmental adaptability, operating stably under varying temperature and light conditions. Even in low-temperature winter environments, the system maintains high wastewater treatment efficiency by adjusting the illumination and spectrum of the light source module.

[0060] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other specific technical solutions as needed. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A rotating algae-bacterial biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, characterized in that, include: Support component (1); The biofilm carrier assembly (2) is configured as at least one set or multiple sets spaced apart on the support assembly (1); The light source (3) is set on the support component (1), corresponding one-to-one with the biofilm carrier component (2), and located inside the biofilm carrier component (2); The light guide component (4) is arranged in an array on the outside of the biofilm carrier component (2) to guide the light from the light source (3) from the inside to the outside of the biofilm carrier component (2); A drive component (5) is disposed on the support component (1) and is used to drive the movement of the biofilm carrier component (2).

2. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biofilm carrier assembly (2) includes: A pair of rotating shafts (201) are rotatably mounted on the support assembly (1); The carrier membrane (202) is configured as a cylindrical shape covering the rotating shaft (201); At least a portion of the carrier membrane (202) is immersed in wastewater, and the immersed portion of the carrier membrane (202) changes periodically with the rotation of the shaft (201).

3. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carrier membrane (202) is a polypropylene membrane with a pore size of 0.5 mm.

4. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light guide component (4) includes: A flexible snap fastener (401) is flexibly connected to the carrier membrane (202); An optical fiber (402) is detachably mounted on the flexible snap fastener (401) along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the carrier film (202).

5. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical fiber (402) includes a pyramidal end with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area along the direction away from the carrier film (202).

6. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source (3) is an LED light panel with adjustable wavelength and light intensity.

7. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component (5) includes: The support (501) is detachably mounted on the support assembly (1); A bidirectional servo motor (502) is fixedly mounted on the support (501); The power output shaft of the bidirectional servo motor (502) is connected to the rotating shaft (201) through a transmission structure.

8. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller (6); The controller (6) is electrically connected to the light source (3) and includes an ambient light intensity detection module for detecting ambient light intensity and negatively adjusting the illumination intensity of the light source (3).

9. The rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light guide component (4) is distributed at a density of 0.5 per square centimeter on the biofilm carrier component (2).

10. An operating method, characterized in that, A rotating algae and bacteria biofilm device for enhanced treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, determine the type and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater and select suitable algae and bacteria species; S2, select a light guide component (4) of appropriate length according to the characteristics of the wastewater and the species of algae and bacteria, and assemble the light guide component (4) on the biofilm carrier component (2); S3, inoculate algae and bacteria onto the surface of the biofilm carrier component (2); S4, adjust the rotation speed of the drive component (5) and the illumination intensity of the light source (3); S5, based on the growth of algae, the light intensity and wavelength of the light source (3) are adaptively adjusted.

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