Steel ring reinforcing method and device capable of conducting staged reinforcement on shield tunnel

Abstract

The invention is applied to the technical field of operation and maintenance reinforcement of a rail transit shield tunnel, and relates to a steel ring reinforcement method and device capable of reinforcing a shield tunnel in stages. In the first stage, a lightweight steel ring composed of a thin steel plate and a rib plate is installed on the inner side of a shield tunnel segment; the overlapping effect with the duct piece concrete is realized through the chemical anchor bolts and the epoxy resin; in the subsequent service process of the tunnel, if deformation development occurs, an inner side reinforcing plate can be additionally arranged on the basis of the first stage to form a partition cavity type reinforcing steel plate ring; if the rigidity still needs to be further improved, holes can be drilled in the positions of the partition cavities, and reinforcing grouting materials are injected to achieve structure materialization. According to the method, light-weight installation of the steel ring, effective detection of the bonding layer and staged iteration of reinforcement can be achieved, the bearing capacity can be gradually improved according to the structural state, the reinforcement efficiency of the shield tunnel is effectively improved, the current maintenance input and the construction period are reduced, and the long-term service performance of the shield tunnel is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of rail transit shield tunnel operation and reinforcement, and particularly relates to a steel ring reinforcement method and device for shield tunnel in stages. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the extension of service time, shield tunnel structure will inevitably have certain damage, such as tunnel deformation, segment cracking, joint leakage, peeling and stripping, etc. Among them, the tunnel deformation can comprehensively reflect the overall damage of the tunnel structure, and is a key feature index for judging whether the tunnel overall reinforcement is needed.

[0003] At present, the mainstream treatment method for shield tunnel deformation damage is steel ring reinforcement, that is, thick steel plates are pasted on the inner surface of the segment, the gap between the steel plate and the segment is filled with epoxy resin slurry, and the steel plate and the segment are connected by chemical anchor bolts. After reinforcement, the steel ring and the segment form an integrated superposition structure to resist external action together.

[0004] Due to the large weight of the steel ring, shield tunnel steel ring reinforcement needs to use a motor car operation point for mechanical assembly, and the construction operation efficiency is low. Due to the thickness of the steel ring, the quality of the epoxy resin bonding layer behind the steel ring is difficult to effectively detect, and usually only qualitative detection by on-site knocking is relied on. In addition, as the last line of defense for structural reinforcement, the shield tunnel steel ring reinforcement usually uses thicker steel plates to achieve a certain structural safety redundancy, which is difficult to provide a sustainable interface for subsequent structural reinforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of steel ring reinforcement device that can improve the on-site construction efficiency and effectively detect the quality of the bonding layer. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects or needs for improvement of the prior art, the present application provides a steel ring reinforcement method and device for shield tunnel in stages.

[0006] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions: The present application provides a new type of steel ring reinforcement device for shield tunnel, which adopts a "thin steel plate + rib plate" form, and the material is a special steel with higher strength than conventional steel. The steel ring processing and installation are arranged according to bolt holes, which can reduce the probability of space conflict between anchor bolts and steel bars, and is convenient for processing. The anchor bolts are arranged densely near the segment joint to improve the stiffness of the joint position.

[0007] The shield tunnel is reinforced in the first stage by using a steel ring, including the following steps: S101: temporarily removing the pipelines and evacuation platforms in the reinforcement area; S102: cleaning the segment base surface and identifying the structural defects of the segment base surface; S103: treating the segment structural defects in a targeted manner, and ensuring that the base surface is dry and clean; S104: Lofting the inner profile of the segment, and drafting the thin steel plate profile with the segment joint as the characteristic line; S105: Factory processing of thin steel plate, and welding of the rib plate, which is arranged annularly on the inner side of the thin steel plate, and corrosion protection treatment of the steel ring; S106: Cutting of the track bed, installation of the steel ring with corbels on both sides of the track bed, and subsequent installation of other segmented steel rings, with the use of expansion anchor bolts for temporary fixation during the installation process; S107: Welding of the segmented joint of the steel ring; S108: Connection of the steel plate and the segment concrete by using chemical anchor bolts; S109: Filling of the gap between the steel ring and the segment concrete with epoxy resin; S110: Infrared detection of the epoxy resin filling to ensure the quality of the bonding layer; S111: Secondary corrosion protection treatment of the welds and damaged parts caused by the operation by using spray-type polyurea again; S112: Restoration of the pipeline and the evacuation platform.

[0008] Further, in step S102, the structural diseases include cracks, water leakage, and spalling; Further, in step S104, the inner profile of the segment is lofted, and the thin steel plate profile is drafted with the segment joint as the characteristic line, specifically, the thin steel plate profile and related parameters are drafted by using three-dimensional scanning or actual site measurement lofting, and the thin steel plate is segmented in combination with the longitudinal bolt hole axis of the segment ring joint.

[0009] Further, in step S105, the corrosion protection treatment method is to use spray-type polyurea for corrosion protection treatment of the inner arc surface of the steel ring.

[0010] Further, during the subsequent service of the shield tunnel, when the tunnel deforms again due to the action of external environment, the inner side reinforcing plate can be installed on the basis of the first stage "thin steel plate + rib plate" to form a cavity type reinforcing steel ring, which can significantly increase the structural stiffness. Specifically, the following steps are included: S201: Temporary removal of the pipeline and the evacuation platform in the reinforced area; S202: Lofting of the thin steel plate and the rib plate; S203: Factory processing of the inner side reinforcing steel plate, and corrosion protection treatment; S204: On-site installation of the inner side reinforcing steel plate by using mechanical connection or high-strength structural adhesive; S205: Restoration of the pipeline and the evacuation platform.

[0011] Further, if the tunnel deformation is still aggravated during the subsequent service, the structure stiffness can be further improved by drilling holes in the inner side of the reinforcing steel plate corresponding to the cavity position and filling the reinforcing grouting material on the basis of the first stage "thin steel plate + rib plate" and the second stage inner side reinforcing plate. Specifically, the following steps are included: S301: Select the inner side reinforcing steel plate grouting hole position corresponding to the cavity position; S302: Drill holes using high-speed steel drill bit with cooling lubricant; S303: Fill the cavity with reinforcing grouting material through the grouting hole.

[0012] Further, the treatment of segment cracks is as follows: if the crack width is <0.2mm, use rigid epoxy resin to brush the crack surface to seal the crack; if the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is no water, use rigid epoxy resin to seal the crack by riding the crack; if the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is water, use deep and shallow inclined hole grouting to seal the crack. The deep and shallow inclined hole grouting sealing crack is as follows: inclined holes are drilled on both sides of the crack for grouting and plugging, and the main steps are as follows: S401: Drill shallow holes and pressurize fast-setting polyurethane to quickly plug the crack; S402: Drill deep holes and pressurize rigid epoxy resin to reinforce and reinforce the crack, and seal with epoxy mortar.

[0013] Further, the leakage water of the segment is treated by grouting and caulking, which includes the following steps: S501: Drill vertical holes around the leakage part of the ring and longitudinal joint part without water seepage, and form a slurry block point formed by cement-water glass double liquid slurry in the hole; S502: In the area surrounded by the slurry block point, use fast-setting polymer to ride the grouting and seal the joint with epoxy mortar, and pressurize the elastic epoxy resin slurry.

[0014] Further, the treatment of segment block includes the following steps: S601: Remove all debris and foreign matter from the block part, and remove rust from the exposed steel bars; S602: For the arch top block part, use structural adhesive to repair; S603: For other block parts, if the block area is small, repair by filling high-strength epoxy mortar, and if the block area is large, repair by planting steel bars and filling high-strength epoxy mortar.

[0015] In another aspect, the application also discloses a steel ring reinforcing device applied to the steel ring reinforcing method for the shield tunnel in stages, which is characterized by comprising a thin steel plate and a rib plate, the thin steel plate is attached to the inner side of the shield tunnel segment, and the rib plate is annularly arranged on the inner side of the thin steel plate.

[0016] The application adopts the lightweight steel ring structure of thin steel plate + rib plate, and performs block arrangement based on the segment joint and bolt hole position, so that the site installation weight and hoisting dependence can be significantly reduced, and the steel ring positioning efficiency can be improved; through gap filling of epoxy resin and introduction of infrared detection means, the visual quality evaluation of the bonding layer filling state can be realized, and the hidden danger of "undetectable and only qualitative knocking" in the traditional thick steel plate system can be avoided; meanwhile, the application further constructs the progressive iterative reinforcing system of "first stage thin steel plate + rib plate-second stage inner side reinforcing plate-third stage cavity grouting", so that the reinforcing in stages can be added according to the subsequent deformation development of the tunnel, the difficulty of one-time thick plate reinforcing "adding to the upper limit without subsequent interface" can be avoided, and the toughness design of the steel ring reinforcing of the shield tunnel is realized. On this basis, the application integrates the steel ring reinforcing and typical segment disease treatment processes such as crack sealing, leakage treatment and block repair, forms a continuous technical chain from structure reinforcement, disease plugging to cavity enhancement, and constructs a comprehensive treatment system in the whole process. Compared with the traditional whole ring thick steel plate reinforcing mode, the application not only improves the construction efficiency, shortens the construction period and reduces the current maintenance investment, but also significantly improves the controllability, extendability and long-term service performance of the shield tunnel reinforcing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A new type of steel ring reinforcing of a shield tunnel is shown in the application embodiment. Figure 2 A new type of steel ring reinforcing 1-1 cross-sectional view of a shield tunnel is shown in the application embodiment. Figure 3 A new type of steel ring reinforcing 2-2 cross-sectional view of a shield tunnel is shown in the application embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the application embodiments will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the application embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments of the application. Based on the application embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art belong to the application.

[0019] The application provides a new type of steel ring reinforcing device for a shield tunnel, adopts a "thin steel plate + rib plate" form, and uses special steel as the material, which has higher strength than conventional steel materials, the steel ring processing and installation are arranged according to bolt holes, the probability of space conflict between the anchor bolt and the steel bar can be reduced, and the steel ring is convenient to process. The anchor bolts are arranged near the segment joint to improve the rigidity of the joint position.

[0020] Figure 1 The application provides a new type of steel ring reinforcing device for a shield tunnel, adopts a "thin steel plate + rib plate" form, and uses special steel as the material, which has higher strength than conventional steel materials, the steel ring processing and installation are arranged according to bolt holes, the probability of space conflict between the anchor bolt and the steel bar can be reduced, and the steel ring is convenient to process. The anchor bolts are arranged near the segment joint to improve the rigidity of the joint position.

[0021] Figures 2-3 The application provides a new type of steel ring reinforcing device for a shield tunnel, adopts a "thin steel plate + rib plate" form, and uses special steel as the material, which has higher strength than conventional steel materials, the steel ring processing and installation are arranged according to bolt holes, the probability of space conflict between the anchor bolt and the steel bar can be reduced, and the steel ring is convenient to process. The anchor bolts are arranged near the segment joint to improve the rigidity of the joint position.

[0022] The application provides a new type of steel ring reinforcing device for a shield tunnel, adopts a "thin steel plate + rib plate" form, and uses special steel as the material, which has higher strength than conventional steel materials, the steel ring processing and installation are arranged according to bolt holes, the probability of space conflict between the anchor bolt and the steel bar can be reduced, and the steel ring is convenient to process. The anchor bolts are arranged near the segment joint to improve the rigidity of the joint position. S101: temporarily removing the pipeline and evacuation platform in the reinforcing area; S102: cleaning the segment base surface and identifying the structural diseases of the segment base surface; S103: treating the segment structural diseases and ensuring that the base surface is dry and clean; S104: lofting the inner contour of the segment and determining the thin steel plate contour with the segment joint as the characteristic line; S105: processing the thin steel plate in the factory, welding the rib plate, and carrying out corrosion protection treatment on the steel ring; the rib plate is annularly arranged on the inner side of the thin steel plate; S106: cutting the track bed, installing the steel ring with a bracket on both sides of the track bed, and then sequentially installing other split steel rings, and temporarily fixing the steel ring during the installation process by using the expanded base anchor bolt; S107: welding the split joints of the steel ring; S108: connecting the steel plate and the segment concrete by using a chemical anchor bolt; S109: filling the gap between the steel ring and the segment concrete with epoxy resin; S110: carrying out infrared detection on the epoxy resin filling condition to ensure the quality of the bonding layer; S111: The damaged part caused by the welding seam and the operation is treated again by spraying polyurea for secondary corrosion protection; S112: The pipeline and the evacuation platform are restored.

[0023] In the above first stage reinforcement process, first, the construction interface for carrying out the reinforcement operation is formed through S101-S103, avoiding interference between the auxiliary components and the reinforcement system, and ensuring that the bonding interface between the steel ring and the segment is in a controllable, clean and water-free condition; then the processing profile of the thin steel plate is determined through S104, so that the processing size of the segmented steel plate can accurately match the actual segment joint and bolt hole layout; the combined stress system of the thin steel plate + rib plate is constructed through S105-S108, and the segmented steel plate is integrated through welding and chemical anchor bolts, and the lamination with the segment concrete is achieved; the continuous epoxy filling interface is formed through S109, and the visual confirmation of the quality of the bonding layer is realized through infrared detection of S110, overcoming the pain point of “the bonding layer cannot be effectively detected” in the prior art; finally, the continuous corrosion protection system and the tunnel auxiliary facilities are restored through S111-S112, so that the reinforcement implementation of this stage not only completes the construction of the structural lamination structure, but also does not affect the normal operation conditions of the tunnel in the subsequent stage.

[0024] Further, in step S102, the structural defects include cracks, water leakage, and spalling.

[0025] Further, in step S104, the inner profile of the segment is lofted, and the thin steel plate profile is drafted taking the segment joint as the characteristic line, specifically, the thin steel plate profile and related parameters are drafted by three-dimensional scanning or actual site lofting, and the segmented thin steel plate is combined with the longitudinal bolt hole axis of the segment ring joint.

[0026] Further, in step S105, the corrosion protection treatment method is to use sprayed polyurea to treat the inner arc surface of the steel ring for corrosion protection.

[0027] Further, during the subsequent service of the shield tunnel, when the tunnel deforms again due to external environmental effects, the inner reinforcing plate can be installed on the basis of the first stage “thin steel plate + rib plate” to form a compartment type reinforcing steel plate ring, which can significantly increase the structural stiffness. Specifically, the following steps are included: S201: Temporarily remove the pipelines and evacuation platforms in the reinforcement area; S202: Loft the thin steel plate and the rib plate; S203: Process the inner reinforcing steel plate in the factory and perform corrosion protection treatment; S204: Install the inner reinforcing steel plate on site using mechanical connection or high-strength structural adhesive; S205: Restore the pipeline and the evacuation platform.

[0028] In the above-mentioned second stage reinforcement, by setting an inner reinforcing plate on the inside of the first stage steel ring composed of thin steel plate + rib plate, a continuous closed cavity structure is formed between the thin steel plate, rib plate and inner reinforcing steel plate, which forms a geometrically "box section" stress system, which significantly improves the bending and compression stiffness of the section compared with the first stage. The second stage reinforcement still follows the process logic of "first removing interference points, then positioning and laying out, factory prefabrication, on-site assembly and fixation, and finally restoring the auxiliary facilities", and adopts mechanical connection or structural adhesive connection, which can avoid large-scale welding or large-area modification of the first stage system, so as to quickly add new resistance components under the premise of not interrupting the existing stress system. This way makes the reinforcement of the shield tunnel have the characteristics of "incremental and compensatory", rather than one-time capping type traditional rigid fixation reinforcement, which can realize the extensible output of structural performance without overturning the first stage reinforcement results.

[0029] Further, in the subsequent service process of the shield tunnel, if the tunnel deformation is still aggravated, on the basis of the first stage "thin steel plate + rib plate" and the second stage inner reinforcing plate, a hole is drilled at the position corresponding to the cavity of the inner reinforcing steel plate, and a reinforcing grouting material is filled, which further effectively improves the structural stiffness. Specifically, the following steps are included: S301: Selecting the position of the inner reinforcing steel plate grouting hole corresponding to the cavity; S302: Drilling a hole using a high-speed steel drill bit with cooling lubricant; S303: Filling a reinforcing grouting material into the cavity through the grouting hole.

[0030] In the above-mentioned third stage reinforcement, by drilling a hole at the position corresponding to the cavity and injecting a reinforcing grouting material into the cavity, the original cavity surrounded by the thin steel plate, rib plate and inner reinforcing plate is converted into a force-bearing unit with solid filling, greatly increasing the stiffness of the reinforced structure. After the grouting material is solidified, it can bear shear transmission, out-of-plane compression, local stress dispersion and other functions, so that the stress of the steel plate stack is no longer dependent on the linear or in-plane transmission of the plate-plate component, but realizes the overall bearing of the cavity space itself, improving the overall integrity and anti-deformation ability of the section. This stage of reinforcement is particularly suitable for tunnel sections with sustained external load interference, continuous ground compression or local deformation aggravation in the later service stage. By inserting the reinforcing measures in the form of minimally invasive drilling, the construction interference is small, the system is extensible, and it is beneficial to provide higher level of resistance reserve for the remaining life of the shield tunnel.

[0031] Further, the treatment of the segment crack is specifically: if the crack width <0.2mm, the crack surface is painted with rigid epoxy resin to close the crack; if the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is no water, the crack is closed by riding seam grouting with rigid epoxy resin; if the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is water, the crack is closed by deep and shallow inclined hole grouting. The deep and shallow inclined hole grouting for closing the crack is specifically: inclined holes are drilled on both sides of the crack for grouting plugging, and the main steps are: S401: drill a shallow hole, press and inject quick-setting polyurethane, and quickly plug the joint; S402: drill a deep hole, press and inject rigid epoxy resin, reinforce and reinforce the crack, and seal with epoxy mortar.

[0032] Further, the treatment of the segment leakage water adopts the grouting water stop and caulking scheme, specifically including the following steps: S501: vertically drill a hole around the no-water seepage ring and longitudinal seam part of the leakage part to the elastic sealing pad, and form a slurry blocking point formed by cement-silicate double liquid slurry in the hole; S502: inside the area surrounded by the slurry blocking point, use quick-setting polymer to ride seam grouting and seal the joint with epoxy mortar, and press and inject elastic epoxy resin slurry.

[0033] For segment block treatment, specifically including the following steps: S601: remove all debris and miscellaneous items from the block area, and remove rust from the exposed steel bars; S602: for the arch top block part, use structural adhesive to repair; S603: for other block parts, if the block area is small, repair by filling high-strength epoxy mortar, if the block area is large, repair by planting steel bars and filling high-strength epoxy mortar.

[0034] In the above disease treatment process, the special repair of seepage and block diseases is a necessary pre-implementation guarantee link of the steel ring reinforcement system, which ensures that the "foundation structure state" is restored to a reliable level that can be used as a steel ring superimposed stress interface. For the problem of seepage, by drilling a hole in the ring and the longitudinal joint and forming a slurry block point, a water blocking barrier can be established inside the joint, and then the seepage path can be completely cut off by secondary grouting and joint sealing, so that the grouting material is not dispersed by clear water, and the persistence of the water stopping effect is ensured. For the disease of block, by removing loose stones, exposing the rusted reinforcement, and using structural glue or steel bar planting + high-strength epoxy mortar repair according to the area grade of the block, the surface defects of the segment can be converted into a complete structure bearing surface. The above disease repair process changes the reinforcement interface from a "diseased interface" to a "continuous, dense and water-free effective bonding interface", avoids the formation of secondary hidden dangers by leaving diseases behind the thin steel plate, and ensures the stress continuity and long-term reliability of the first stage reinforcement, the second stage reinforcement plate installation and the third stage cavity grouting, providing a stable structure foundation for the subsequent staged iterative reinforcement system.

[0035] In another embodiment, the application also discloses a steel ring reinforcement device applying the steel ring reinforcement method for shield tunnel in stages, which comprises a thin steel plate and a rib plate.

[0036] In summary, the application discloses a shield tunnel steel ring reinforcement method and a matching reinforcement device, which can be implemented in stages. Through the lightweight first stage reinforcement of the thin steel plate + rib plate, the second stage reinforcement of the inner reinforcement plate and the third stage reinforcement of the cavity grouting reinforcement, a structure reinforcement system is constructed, which gradually progresses from "initial superposition, extension and reinforcement, and solid reinforcement". The shield tunnel steel ring reinforcement method and device provided by the application realize the flexible design of tunnel structure reinforcement, realize the lightweight installation of the steel ring, effective detection of the bonding layer, staged iteration of reinforcement, effectively improve the steel ring reinforcement efficiency, reduce the maintenance cost and construction period of the shield tunnel, and ensure the service performance of the shield tunnel. The application breaks through the fixed limitation of the traditional thick steel ring "one-time reinforcement and no extension", so that the shield tunnel has sustainable control of the structural redundancy under long-period service conditions, and provides a more adaptable, less disturbed and longer life cycle reinforcement idea and technical path for the in-service maintenance and management of urban rail transit shield tunnels.

[0037] The above drawings are only schematic illustrations of the processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not for the purpose of limitation. It is easy to understand that the processes shown in the above drawings do not indicate or limit the time sequence of the processes.

[0038] It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the precise construction already described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. The scope of the application is limited only by the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels using steel rings, characterized in that: The first stage of reinforcement of shield tunnels using steel rings includes the following steps: S101: Temporarily remove pipelines and evacuation platforms in the reinforced area; S102: Clean the base surface of the tunnel segments and identify structural defects on the base surface of the tunnel segments; S103: Carry out targeted treatment of defects in the tunnel lining structure and ensure that the base surface is dry and clean; S104: Loft the inner contour of the tunnel segment and use the tunnel segment joint as the feature line to determine the contour of the thin steel plate. S105: The factory processes thin steel plates and welds ribs, and performs anti-corrosion treatment on the steel rings; the ribs are arranged in a ring on the inner side of the thin steel plates; S106: Track bed cutting, installation of steel rings with brackets on both sides of the track bed, followed by the installation of other segmented steel rings in sequence, with temporary fixation using expanded bottom anchor bolts during the installation process; S107: Welded steel ring segmented joint; S108: Chemical anchors are used to connect the steel plate to the concrete segment; S109: Fill the gap between the steel ring and the concrete segment with epoxy resin; S110: Perform infrared detection on the epoxy resin filling to ensure the quality of the adhesive layer; S111: For welds and damaged areas caused by operations, a second anti-corrosion treatment using spray-applied polyurea is applied. S112: Restore pipelines and evacuation platforms.

2. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S102, structural defects include cracks, water leakage, and spalling; in step S105, the anti-corrosion treatment is to apply a spray-type polyurea coating to the inner arc surface of the steel ring for anti-corrosion treatment.

3. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the shield tunnel deforms again, a second stage of reinforcement can be formed by installing an inner reinforcing plate to create a cavity-type reinforcing steel ring, based on the first stage of reinforcement. This includes the following steps: S201: Temporarily remove pipelines and evacuation platforms in the reinforced area; S202: Laying out for thin steel plates and ribs; S203: The inner reinforcing steel plate is processed in the factory and subjected to anti-corrosion treatment; S204: The inner reinforcing steel plate is installed on site using mechanical connection or high-strength structural adhesive; S205: Restore pipelines and evacuation platforms.

4. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: If the tunnel deformation worsens again during subsequent service, holes can be drilled and filled with reinforcing grout at the corresponding cavity positions of the inner reinforcing steel plate, based on the first and second stage reinforcement.

5. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of drilling holes at the corresponding cavity positions on the inner reinforcing steel plate and filling them with reinforcing grout specifically includes the following steps: S301: Select the location of the grouting hole in the inner reinforcing steel plate of the corresponding cavity; S302: Drilling is performed using a high-speed steel drill bit and coolant lubricant; S303: Grouting material is used to fill the cavity through the grouting hole.

6. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific treatment for segment cracks is as follows: If the crack width is less than 0.2 mm, use rigid epoxy resin to seal the crack surface. If the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is no water, rigid epoxy resin grouting should be used to seal the crack. If the crack width is ≥0.2mm and there is water, use deep and shallow inclined hole grouting to seal the crack; The specific method of sealing cracks using deep and shallow inclined hole grouting involves drilling inclined holes on both sides of the crack for grouting and sealing. The main steps are as follows: S401: Drill shallow holes, inject quick-setting polyurethane, and quickly seal the joints; S402: Drill deep holes, inject rigid epoxy resin to reinforce and repair cracks, and seal with epoxy putty.

7. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The treatment of water leakage in the pipe segments adopts a grouting and sealing solution, which includes the following steps: S501: Drill a vertical hole across the joint to the elastic sealing gasket at the ring and longitudinal joints where there is no visible water seepage around the leakage point, and form a grout blockage point in the hole by forming a cement-water glass double liquid grout. S502: Within the area enclosed by the grout blockage point, use a fast-setting polymer to grout across the joint and seal the joint with epoxy putty, then inject elastic epoxy resin grout.

8. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for addressing segment collapse are as follows: S601: Remove all rubble and debris from the area where the rock has fallen off, and remove rust from the exposed steel bars; S602: For areas where the arch has slabs fallen off, use structural adhesive to fill and repair them; S603: For other areas where pieces have fallen off, if the area is small, it can be repaired by filling with high-strength epoxy mortar; if the area is large, it can be repaired by installing rebar and filling with high-strength epoxy mortar.

9. The steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S104, the inner contour of the segment is laid out, and the thin steel plate contour is determined with the segment joint as the feature line. Specifically, the thin steel plate contour and related parameters are determined by three-dimensional scanning or actual on-site measurement and layout. The thin steel plate is divided into blocks in combination with the longitudinal bolt hole axis of the segment circumferential joint.

10. A steel ring reinforcement device applied to the steel ring reinforcement method for staged reinforcement of shield tunnels according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes a thin steel plate and ribs, wherein the thin steel plate is attached to the inner side of the shield tunnel segment, and the ribs are arranged in a ring on the inner side of the thin steel plate.

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