Device and method for inspecting angle precision of axis of precise drilling dimple

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the angle precision of the axis of a precise drilling dimple, and relates to the field of aeronautical manufacturing, and the device comprises an elastic fixed shaft assembly, a fixed shaft main body has radial elasticity and is in elastic interference fit with a to-be-tested shaft hole, and a plurality of openings are uniformly formed in the fixed shaft main body in the circumferential direction, the shaft measuring rod is connected with one end, deviating from the shaft hole, of the fixed shaft body; the nest axis measuring piece comprises a conical abutting part used for being attached to and positioned on the inner wall face of the counter bore and a detection part connected with the side, away from the counter bore, of the abutting part, and the first reflection area and the second reflection area are used for reflecting detection light beams; the detection light beam is reflected by the first reflection area and the second reflection area in sequence and then is projected to the scale area to form a light spot, and the light spot is used for amplifying and reflecting the angle precision deviation of the counter bore. With the adoption of the scheme, the angle precision of the axis of the precise drilling dimple can be quickly and accurately detected on an assembly site.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aviation manufacturing technology, and particularly relates to a device and method for testing the precision of the axis angle of a precision drilled counterbore. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of modern aircraft manufacturing, large structural components are generally assembled using mechanical connections. As one of the most common connection forms, the conical countersunk structure is widely used in aircraft fuselage skin and high-load functional components. Due to long-term exposure to high loads, strong vibrations and complex aerodynamic environments during the service period, the geometric precision of the connection site directly affects the structural strength, sealing performance and fatigue life. In particular, the drilling and counterboring processes are critical factors in determining the reliability of the connection, and the counterbore axis angle precision is a core control indicator recognized by the industry. Therefore, strict tolerance requirements for geometric parameters such as concentricity and axis angle are given by major manufacturers.

[0003] To ensure the precision of the counterbore angle, the industry currently relies on three-coordinate measuring machines for detection. Although this equipment can meet the precision requirements in a static laboratory environment, it is not suitable for direct detection on the assembly site due to its high cost, strict environmental requirements and complex operation process. Especially in the assembly process of large overall structural components, the workpiece size is large, the attitude is complex, and the process is compact, making it difficult to frequently transport the structural components to the three-coordinate measurement environment for inspection. In addition, three-coordinate measurement involves multiple steps such as workpiece positioning, probe path planning and data fitting, and the single-hole detection period is long, which further exposes the lack of adaptability in production rhythm requirements at the final assembly site.

[0004] With the continuous increase in the size of aircraft structural components and the growing number of drilled holes, the traditional method of relying on three-coordinate measurement for counterbore angle precision detection cannot meet the requirements of mass production assembly. More importantly, there is currently a lack of technical means for rapid, in-situ detection of drilled hole counterbore angle errors on the assembly site, making it impossible to provide real-time feedback and correction of drilling quality during production, thereby increasing the risk of misjudgment. At the same time, the geometric characteristics of the counterbore structure make it difficult to detect and require strict accessibility, and traditional equipment cannot stably obtain angle characteristics in narrow spaces and complex curved surface conditions. Therefore, how to achieve rapid, low-cost, and on-site detection of counterbore angle precision without relying on large-scale measurement equipment has been a long-standing technical problem in the field of aviation precision manufacturing that has not been effectively solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a device and method for testing the precision of the axis angle of a precision drilled counterbore, to solve the technical problem of being unable to rapidly and accurately detect the precision of the axis angle of a precision drilled counterbore on the assembly site in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, a device for verifying the axial angle precision of a precision counterbore is provided, the counterbore comprising a counterbore hole and a shaft hole in communication with each other, the counterbore hole gradually decreasing in diameter along the direction close to the shaft hole, comprising: An elastic shaft fixing assembly, comprising a shaft fixing body and a shaft measuring rod, the shaft fixing body being radially elastic and elastically interference-fitted with the shaft hole to be measured, a plurality of openings being uniformly provided on the shaft fixing body in the circumferential direction, the openings extending along the axis of the shaft fixing body, the shaft measuring rod being connected to one end of the shaft fixing body away from the shaft hole; A counterbore shaft measuring piece, comprising a conical abutting portion for abutting and positioning with the inner wall surface of the counterbore hole, and a detection portion connected to one side of the abutting portion away from the counterbore hole, the end surface of the detection portion being provided with a first reflective zone arranged in a ring shape and a scale zone arranged around the first reflective zone; An adjustable optical measuring assembly, comprising a mounting disc coaxially arranged with the shaft measuring rod, and a light source fixed on the mounting disc, the light source being used for emitting a detection light beam at a fixed non-zero angle with the axis of the mounting disc, the mounting disc being provided with a second reflective zone; The first reflective zone and the second reflective zone are used for reflecting the detection light beam, the detection light beam is reflected by the first reflective zone and the second reflective zone in turn and then projected to the scale zone to form a light spot, and the light spot is used for amplifying and reflecting the angle precision deviation of the counterbore hole.

[0007] Further, the light source is a plurality of light sources, and the light sources are equally angularly spaced along the circumferential direction of the mounting disc.

[0008] Further, an adjusting shaft sleeve is arranged between the mounting disc and the detection portion, the adjusting shaft sleeve is sleeved with the outside of the shaft measuring rod, and the height of the adjusting shaft sleeve is adjustable.

[0009] Further, the elastic shaft fixing assembly further comprises a deformation control member arranged in the shaft fixing body, which is used for controlling the shaft fixing body to maintain axial precision when deformed.

[0010] Further, a plurality of control holes are provided in the shaft fixing body, the axes of the control holes being perpendicular to the axis of the shaft fixing body, the deformation control member comprising a plurality of rigid rods, the hardness of the rigid rods being greater than the hardness of the shaft fixing body, and the lengths of the rigid rods being matched with the inner diameter of the shaft hole.

[0011] Further, the shaft fixing body comprises a shaft measuring portion and a shaft sleeve portion coaxially arranged, the shaft measuring portion being threadedly connected with the shaft sleeve portion, the rigid rods being fixedly connected with the shaft measuring portion, and the plurality of control holes being provided on the shaft measuring portion. Wherein when the sleeve part is elastically extruded, the rigid rod can extend out of the control hole and abut against the inner wall of the shaft hole.

[0012] Further, the shaft body is provided with a contraction hole coaxial with the axis of the shaft body at one end thereof away from the abutment part.

[0013] Further, the scale area is a ring structure, comprising a first out-of-tolerance area, a qualified area and a second out-of-tolerance area arranged in turn from inside to outside along the radial direction.

[0014] Further, the mounting disc can rotate around the axis of the shaft measuring rod.

[0015] In the second aspect, a method for verifying the axial angle precision of a precision drilled counterbore is provided, which utilizes the above-mentioned verifying device for the axial angle precision of a precision drilled counterbore, and comprises the following steps: According to the diameter of the shaft hole to be measured, a matching elastic shaft body is selected, and the shaft measuring rod is connected with the elastic shaft body; the elastic shaft body is inserted into the shaft hole, and the elastic shaft body is expanded radially to make the elastic shaft body and the shaft hole fit together with interference, so as to ensure that the shaft measuring rod and the axis of the shaft hole coincide; The counterbore measuring piece is sleeved on the top end of the shaft measuring rod, so that the tapered surface of the abutment part faces the counterbore; The mounting disc is sleeved on the shaft measuring rod; The counterbore measuring piece is pressed, so that the tapered surface of the abutment part completely adheres to the inner wall of the counterbore; The light source is started, and after the light beam is reflected by the first reflection area of the counterbore measuring piece and the second reflection area of the mounting disc in turn, the light beam is projected to the scale area of the detection part to form a light spot, the position of the light spot on the scale area is observed, and the angle precision deviation of the counterbore is judged according to the position of the light spot.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the precision hole counterbore axis angle precision testing device and testing method provided by the application are that: through the coordinated configuration among the elastic shaft fixing assembly, the counterbore shaft measuring piece and the adjustable optical measuring assembly, high sensitivity and visualized magnification detection of the counterbore axis angle deviation are realized. First, the shaft fixing body in the elastic shaft fixing assembly is uniformly provided with axial openings in the circumferential direction, so that it has controllable radial elasticity and forms a stable elastic interference fit with the shaft hole, can automatically search and approach the real center axis of the shaft hole after being inserted into the shaft hole, so as to accurately reproduce the shaft hole direction of the shaft measuring rod, and solve the problem that high-precision centering positioning is difficult to realize on the assembly site. Second, the counterbore shaft measuring piece adopts a conical abutting part consistent with the geometric shape of the counterbore hole, realizes surface fitting with the inner wall of the counterbore hole, so that the attitude of the measuring piece truly reflects the processing angle of the counterbore hole, and fundamentally improves the problem that point contact is easily disturbed by local defects and leads to unstable angle determination; the first reflection area and the outer circle scale area of the detection part end face form a reflection reference, so that the attitude difference of the counterbore hole can be directly acted on the subsequent light path change. Further, the light source in the adjustable optical measuring assembly is arranged at a fixed non-zero angle, so that when the detection light beam is continuously reflected by the first reflection area and the second reflection area on the mounting disc, any counterbore angle error will change the included angle relationship between the reflection surfaces, and be amplified by multiple times in multiple reflections, so that the light spot finally projected on the scale area appears a measurable offset, thereby converting the original difficult-to-directly-measure small angle error into a significant displacement, and realizing optical magnification detection. Based on the above structure, the three-coordinate measuring instrument is not needed, and the rapid, in-situ and high-sensitivity measurement of the counterbore angle can be completed on the assembly site, the feedback efficiency of the hole making quality is significantly improved, the error and cost caused by the workpiece handling and complex measurement process are reduced, and the demand of modern aviation assembly for high-rhythm and high-stability in-situ detection capability is met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A structure schematic diagram of the precision hole counterbore of the embodiment of the application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the counterbore appearing concentricity deviation of the embodiment of the application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the counterbore appearing axis angle tolerance of the embodiment of the application; Figure 4 A whole structure schematic diagram of the precision hole counterbore axis angle precision testing device of the embodiment of the application; Figure 5 A structure schematic diagram of the adjustable optical measuring assembly of the embodiment of the application; Figure 6 A structure schematic diagram of the elastic shaft fixing assembly of the embodiment of the application; Figure 7 A structure schematic diagram of the counterbore shaft measuring piece of the embodiment of the application; Figure 8A schematic view of a scale area of an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a dimple; Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a shaft hole; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an elastic shaft fixing assembly; Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a socket shaft measuring member; Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an adjustable optical measuring assembly; and Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an adjusting shaft sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be understood as their common meanings to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The words "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including" and the like used herein mean that the elements or objects before the words encompass the elements or objects listed after the words and equivalents thereof, and do not exclude other elements or objects.

[0020] In the field of modern aircraft manufacturing, large structural components are generally assembled by mechanical connection, among which the conical countersunk structure is one of the most common connection forms, as shown in Fig. 1. The accuracy of the dimple is affected by two factors, including the step-by-step hole making process or the system vibration during the hole making process, and the accuracy description includes two aspects: the axis concentricity of the dimple 1 and the shaft hole 2 and the axis angle, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. During the assembly process, the angle accuracy of the dimple is a key quality control point. Therefore, each main manufacturer has strict requirements for the dimple angle, such as: 1. The concentricity e of the dimple 1 and the shaft hole 2 is within 0.076 mm; 2. The angle tolerance θ of the axis of the dimple 1 and the shaft hole 2 is ≤±1°. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

[0021] ​​​Currently, the industry mainly relies on coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for inspecting the accuracy of countersinking in skin-forming parts. The specific process is as follows: First, pre-processing: Clean the surface of the part to be inspected, removing burrs, oil, and other impurities to avoid affecting measurement accuracy. Second, part fixation: Use the reference holes and positioning surfaces on the part to achieve precise positioning; the positioning error must be controlled within 0.02mm. Third, path planning: The operator imports the structural model into the measurement software, selects the countersinking area, and plans the movement path of the measuring probe. Fourth, data acquisition: The measuring probe contacts the inclined surface of countersinking hole 1 and the surface of shaft hole 2 according to the planned path, collecting three-dimensional coordinate data of at least 1 feature points on each surface. Fifth, data analysis: Fit the axis of shaft hole 2 and the axis of countersinking hole 1 based on the collected point coordinate data, and calculate the concentricity and axis angle tolerance. Existing methods have the following drawbacks: High inspection cost: Using a CMM for inspecting the accuracy of countersinking is costly in terms of equipment, personnel, and time. Low inspection efficiency: Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) require multiple manual interventions (such as fixture installation and path planning), with each inspection taking 10-30 minutes. A single assembly of an aircraft skin requires thousands of holes and countersinks. If all inspections were done using CMMs, multiple machines would be needed, extending the production cycle and making it difficult to adapt to mass production schedules. Lack of in-situ inspection capability: CMMs are typically used for pre-production testing and hole quality inspection. Their accessibility cannot meet the in-situ inspection needs of the production site.

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 4 - Appendix Figure 8 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0023] Reference Figures 4-8 An inspection device for the axial angle accuracy of a precision countersunk hole is mainly used to quickly and intuitively evaluate the axial angle deviation of the countersunk hole, including the countersunk hole 1 and the shaft hole 2, during the precision drilling process. The inspection device comprises an elastic axis-fixing assembly 3, a hole-axis measuring component 4, and an adjustable optical measuring assembly 5. Each component constructs a geometric reference chain around the shaft hole 2 and the countersunk hole 1 to be measured. A reflective optical magnification structure is used to form a light spot shift, enabling a visual and quantitative determination of the angular deviation between the axis of the countersunk hole 1 and the axis of the shaft hole 2. The countersunk hole described in this invention consists of interconnected countersunk holes 1 and shaft holes 2, wherein the diameter of the countersunk hole 1 gradually decreases along the direction approaching the shaft hole 2 to form a typical countersunk head connection structure used in aerospace applications.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the elastic shaft locating assembly 3 is used to provide a stable and repeatable axial positioning reference for the shaft hole 2. The elastic shaft locating assembly 3 comprises a shaft locating body 31 and a shaft measuring rod 32 connected to one end of the shaft locating body 31. The shaft locating body 31 is made of a material with controllable elastic modulus, and its outer diameter is slightly larger than the size of the shaft hole 2 to be measured, so as to realize elastic interference fit through radial elastic deformation. In order to improve the uniformity of radial deformation, a plurality of openings 311 are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the shaft locating body 31, and each opening 311 extends along the axis direction of the shaft locating body 31, so that the shaft locating body 31 can automatically search and approach the real center axis of the shaft hole 2 when it is inserted into the shaft hole 2, thereby realizing self-adaptive approximation and reproduction of the center axis of the shaft hole 2. The shaft measuring rod 32 is arranged at the end of the elastic shaft locating body away from the shaft hole 2, and its axis is coaxial with the shaft locating body 31, which is used as a mounting reference for the subsequent optical detection assembly, so that the optical detection path is consistent with the real axis of the shaft hole 2.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the socket shaft measuring member 4 is used to fit with the geometric surface of the counterbore 1 and capture the actual machining posture of the counterbore 1. The socket shaft measuring member 4 comprises a conical abutting portion 41 for fitting with the inner wall of the counterbore 1, and the taper angle of the abutting portion 41 is machined according to the design angle of the counterbore 1, so as to realize stable and reliable positioning through surface contact. The side of the abutting portion 41 away from the counterbore 1 is connected with a detection portion 42, and the end face of the detection portion 42 is provided with a first reflection area 421 arranged in a ring shape. The outer side of the first reflection area 421 is further provided with a scale area 422, and the deviation of the axis of the counterbore 1 is indicated by the landing position of the reflected light spot on the scale area 422. In the preferred embodiments of the present application, the scale area 422 adopts a ring structure, and the first out-of-tolerance area 4221, the qualified area 4222 and the second out-of-tolerance area 4223 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside along the radial direction, so that the angle deviation can be presented in an intuitive way, and the operator can determine whether the counterbore meets the assembly quality requirements on site.

[0026] In some other embodiments of the present application, the adjustable optical measuring assembly 5 is arranged coaxially with the shaft measuring rod 32 outside the shaft measuring rod 32 and comprises a mounting disc 51 and a light source 52 fixedly mounted on the mounting disc 51. The light source 52 is used to emit a detection light beam 521 forming a fixed non-zero included angle with the axis of the mounting disc 51, so that the light beam can be angle-sensitive to the posture of the counterbore 1. The mounting disc 51 is provided with a second reflection area 511 for forming an optical reflection path with the first reflection area 421. When the detection light beam 521 emitted by the light source 52 is reflected by the first reflection area 421 and the second reflection area 511 in turn, it is finally projected onto the scale area 422 of the end face of the detection portion 42, thereby forming a light spot on the scale area 422. Since the slight deviation of the axis of the counterbore 1 will cause the change of the posture of the first reflection area 421, the slight angle error is amplified by two reflection paths, so that the displacement of the light spot on the scale area 422 reaches a readable range, and the detection sensitivity is significantly improved.

[0027] In some other embodiments of the present invention, the light source 52 may be configured as multiple sources, and distributed at equal angular intervals along the circumference of the mounting plate 51. The multi-light source 52 structure can form multiple light spots in the scale area 422, enabling the device to perform cross-verification of angular deviations at multiple positions of the countersink 1, thereby improving the reliability of the detection.

[0028] In some other embodiments of the present invention, to adapt to the position of the countersunk hole 1 under different depths and different workpiece assembly spaces, an adjusting bushing 6 is provided between the mounting plate 51 and the detection unit 42. The adjusting bushing 6 is sleeved on the outside of the isometric rod 32, and its height is adjustable, so that the mounting plate 51 relative to the detection unit 42 can be continuously or finely adjusted in the axial direction. By adjusting the axial position, the relative distance between the two reflecting surfaces can be changed, so that the optical path length, reflection angle, and the projection position of the light spot in the scale area 422 meet the detection requirements of different structural parts, thereby improving the adaptability of the device to different types of countersunk holes.

[0029] To enhance the repeatability and ease of operation of the adjustment, in a preferred embodiment, the adjustment bushing 6 can be a standardized bushing with various calibrated lengths to achieve quick replacement; different bushings are installed through standard threads, slots or step positioning structures, so that the reflective surface spacing can be switched with known step amounts, which is suitable for rapid batch testing of different countersink sizes.

[0030] In some other optional embodiments of the present invention, the adjustable structure of the adjusting bushing 6 can also be achieved by a differential screw mechanism, an elastically preloaded sliding sleeve structure, or an embedded wedge-shaped inclined surface mechanism. The differential screw mechanism can provide higher axial adjustment accuracy; the sliding sleeve structure can adapt to frequent adjustment scenarios; the wedge-shaped inclined surface structure can achieve short-stroke, high-magnification axial adjustment in space-constrained environments, further improving the operability of the device under complex working conditions.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to further improve the axial stability of the elastic shafting assembly 3 during deformation, the elastic shafting assembly 3 further comprises a deformation control member 33. The deformation control member 33 is arranged inside the shafting body 31 and is used to suppress the axial displacement or distortion of the shafting body 31 when it is radially elastically contracted, thereby ensuring the stability of the centering accuracy of the shafting rod 32. In some preferred embodiments, a plurality of control holes 313 are formed in the shafting body 31, the axes of the control holes 313 are perpendicular to the axis of the shafting body 31, and a plurality of rigid rods are arranged as the deformation control member 33. The rigid rods are made of metal or composite material with higher hardness than the material of the shafting body 31, and their lengths match the inner diameter of the shaft hole 2, so that they can extend out of the control holes 313 and abut against the inner wall of the shaft hole 2 when the shafting body 31 is pressed, thereby providing reinforced support in the local area and limiting the radial deflection of the shafting body 31. In order to make the support effect uniform, the rigid rods are preferably distributed at equal angles in the circumferential direction, such as a three-point 120° interval, a four-point 90° interval, or more number of equal-circumferential-distribution modes. Equal-circumferential-distribution can reduce the possibility of uneven stress, so that the shafting body 31 can maintain overall coaxiality when it is radially contracted, thereby further improving the axis reproduction accuracy.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the shafting body 31 comprises a shafting portion and a sleeve portion 314 arranged coaxially, and the two are threadedly connected. The rigid rods are fixedly connected to the shafting portion, and a plurality of control holes 313 are formed in the shafting portion. When the insertion force increases, the sleeve portion 314 is elastically pressed, the rigid rods extend out of the control holes 313 and form support with the inner wall of the shaft hole 2, so that the elastic shafting assembly 3 can maintain stable shaft centering effect under different shaft hole 2 size errors and different insertion forces.

[0033] In some other embodiments of the present application, in order to improve the overall flexibility of the shafting body 31, a contraction hole 312 is formed in the end of the shafting body 31 away from the abutting portion 41 along the axial direction. The contraction hole 312 is arranged coaxially with the shafting body 31, which can reduce the radial stiffness of the end, so that the shafting body 31 can be more smoothly inserted into the shaft hole 2 during assembly, and the radial elastic interference fit characteristics are improved.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the mounting disc 51 can rotate around the axis of the shafting rod 32, so that in the scene where the number of light sources 52 is small or the measurement direction is limited, the reflection measurement in different directions can be realized by rotating and adjusting the angle of the mounting disc 51. By changing the azimuth angle of the second reflection area 511 relative to the first reflection area 421, a multi-directional light path can be formed, thereby realizing the full circumferential detection of the axis error of the counterbore 1.

[0035] The rotation adjustment mode not only expands the coverage range of the measuring direction of the device, but also can complete multi-directional angle deviation scanning without adding additional light source 52, thereby improving the inspection efficiency. In actual use, the operator can realize quick switching of multiple measurement directions after single installation, reduce repeated clamping, and improve the detection rhythm.

[0036] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the materials, shapes and processing methods of the components can be adjusted according to factors such as workpiece size, dimple 1 angle, assembly space limitation, etc. For example, the fixed shaft body 31 can use a composite material with adjustable elastic modulus, the conical abutment part 41 can be adapted to different specifications of dimple 1 through replaceable cone angle modules, and the optical measurement assembly can also be replaced by a laser light source 52, a focusing optical element or a photoelectric sensing structure, as long as the function of spot amplification to display the dimple 1 angle deviation is realized, it is considered to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] In a second aspect, a dynamic inspection method for a dual-arm manipulator is provided, which utilizes the above-mentioned inspection device for precision hole dimple shaft axis angle precision, comprising the following steps: In some embodiments, first, a matching elastic fixed shaft body 31 is selected according to the actual diameter of the shaft hole 2 to be measured. The operator firmly connects the shaft measuring rod 32 with the elastic fixed shaft body 31 through the threaded hole or the sleeve structure, and slowly inserts the elastic fixed shaft body 31 into the shaft hole 2, so that the circumferential opening 311 structure of the elastic fixed shaft body 31 generates radial elastic expansion after being pressed, and forms a stable elastic interference fit with the shaft hole 2. Through this process, the axis of the shaft measuring rod 32 automatically coincides with the actual axis of the shaft hole 2, establishing the reference axis of the shaft hole 2, providing a reliable reference for subsequent dimple shaft axis measurement.

[0038] Subsequently, the dimple shaft measuring piece 4 is sleeved on the top end of the shaft measuring rod 32, with the conical surface of the abutment part 41 facing the dimple 1 position. In some embodiments, the inner hole diameter of the dimple shaft measuring piece 4 is greater than the outer diameter of the shaft measuring rod 32, so that a gap state is maintained during the sleeving process to avoid interference with the hole shaft positioning effect. The operator slides the dimple shaft measuring piece 4 along the axial direction to an appropriate position away from the dimple entrance, so that it can fit the dimple but is not pressed tightly.

[0039] In the next step, the mounting disc 51 is sleeved on the shaft measuring rod 32 according to the detection requirements, and the mounting disc 51 is sleeved on the shaft measuring rod 32 from the upper end, so that the lower end is tightly fitted with the upper end surface of the adjusting shaft sleeve 6. The mounting disc 51 and the shaft measuring rod 32 are in sliding fit, and the inside is provided with a light source 52 (such as a laser lamp) and a fixed angle reflecting surface, the emission direction of the light source 52 is pre-set, so that the light beam can accurately irradiate the first reflecting area 421 of the dimple shaft measuring piece 4. The operator needs to confirm that the mounting disc 51 is not jammed at this stage to ensure that the light path direction is stable.

[0040] In some other embodiments, an adjusting sleeve 6 is arranged between the mounting disc 51 and the detection part 42, and a calibration length L (e.g. L=200mm) of the adjusting sleeve 6 is selected by a pre-set standard part, and the lower end of the adjusting sleeve 6 is in close contact with the top end surface of the socket shaft measuring part 4, so that the distance between the first reflection area 421 of the socket shaft measuring part 4 and the second reflection area 511 of the mounting disc 51 is fixed as the calibration length. The distance determines the transmission path of the light in the two reflection processes, thereby affecting the final projection position of the light spot on the scale area 422, so that the angle deviation is amplified by the light path, and the effect is equivalent to lengthening the shaft measuring rod 32.

[0041] After the above components are sequentially installed, when the detection is implemented, the socket shaft measuring part 4 is pressed downward to make the conical surface of the abutting part 41 in surface contact with the inner wall of the counterbore 1, so as to ensure that the axis of the socket shaft measuring part 4 is completely coincident with the counterbore axis. After the light source 52 is turned on, the light beam first irradiates the first reflection area 421 and occurs the first reflection, then irradiates the second reflection area 511 of the mounting disc 51 and occurs the second reflection, and finally projects to the scale area 422 at the top of the detection part 42. Since the distance between the two reflection surfaces is accurately defined by the calibration length of the adjusting sleeve 6, the propagation path of the light between the reflections is effectively extended, so that the small angle deviation of the counterbore axis is amplified as an observable displacement on the projection position of the light spot. The operator observes the position of the light spot on the scale area 422, if the light spot falls between the pre-set qualified areas 4222 (e.g. scales 3-6), it is determined that the counterbore angle precision meets the design requirements; if the light spot deviates to the out-of-tolerance area, it indicates that the included angle between the counterbore axis and the axis of the shaft hole 2 exceeds the allowable range, and the hole making process parameters or tooling needs to be adjusted.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, the position of the qualified area 4222 can be obtained by theoretical light path model calculation, or an empirical calibration curve can be established by multiple measurements on the standard part, so that the determination basis is more reliable. In the example applicable to the hole making of the aircraft skin, the diameter of the shaft hole 2 is φ8mm, and the counterbore angle tolerance is ±1°. When the angle deviation reaches the limit value, the light spot will obviously deviate to the edge of the scale area 422 or even the out-of-tolerance scale, thereby realizing intuitive determination.

[0043] Through the above process, the detection method of the present application not only can complete the angle axis detection of a single counterbore within 30-60 seconds, significantly improving the detection efficiency, but also can realize accurate determination without relying on expensive instruments, and is suitable for integrated real-time sampling inspection or full inspection on the batch hole making production line.

[0044] The lightened optical amplification inspection mechanism composed of the elastic axis fixing assembly 3, the socket axis measuring piece 4 and the adjustable optical measuring assembly 5 realizes the quick, low-cost and high-reliability detection of the accuracy of the counterbore axis angle. Since the overall structure is only composed of the above-mentioned several core components, it is not necessary to introduce expensive equipment such as a precise electronic angle sensing unit, an optical machine type leveling module or a three-coordinate measuring instrument, so the manufacturing and use cost of the device is significantly reduced, and the single-hole inspection cost is reduced from hundreds of yuan of the traditional three-coordinate measuring instrument to less than one yuan. At the same time, the inspection process of the present application does not need to transfer and position the workpiece, and does not need to perform steps such as equipment preheating, coordinate system reconstruction or path planning, and the detection cycle can be shortened to 30-60 seconds per hole. Compared with the three-coordinate detection efficiency of 10-30 minutes per hole, the efficiency is improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude, so that it can be applied to the batch rapid inspection of thousands of hole positions in the skin structure. In addition, since the overall length of the present application is not more than 300 mm, the device can directly extend into the narrow space of the assembly area, and in-situ detection can be carried out after hole making, solving the application limitation that large three-coordinate measuring equipment cannot approach the aircraft and cannot carry out detection in narrow space. With the characteristics that it can be operated without professional personnel, the present application not only significantly improves the inspection efficiency of large-scale assembly sites, but also ensures the stability and detection accuracy of the counterbore angle detection result.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the embodiments. However, it should be understood that such modifications and changes are within the scope and spirit of the present application. Moreover, the present application described herein can have other embodiments, and can be implemented or realized in various ways.

Claims

1. A device for checking the accuracy of the axis angle of a precision counterbore, the counterbore comprising a counterbore hole and a shaft hole that are in communication with each other, the counterbore hole having a hole diameter that gradually decreases in a direction approaching the shaft hole, characterized in that, The application relates to a flexible shaft fixing assembly, a socket shaft measuring device and an adjustable optical measuring assembly. The flexible shaft fixing assembly comprises a shaft fixing main body and a shaft measuring rod, the shaft fixing main body is radially flexible and is in elastic interference fit with the shaft hole to be measured, a plurality of openings are uniformly arranged on the shaft fixing main body in the circumferential direction, the openings extend along the shaft fixing main body axis, and the shaft measuring rod is connected to one end of the shaft fixing main body which is away from the shaft hole. The socket shaft measuring device comprises a conical abutting part for abutting and positioning with the inner wall surface of the counterbore and a detection part connected to one side of the abutting part which is away from the counterbore, and an end surface of the detection part is provided with a first reflection area arranged in a ring shape and a scale area arranged around the first reflection area. The adjustable optical measuring assembly comprises a mounting disc coaxially arranged with the shaft measuring rod and a light source fixed on the mounting disc, the light source is used for emitting a detection light beam with a fixed non-zero included angle with the mounting disc axis, and the mounting disc is provided with a second reflection area. The first reflection area and the second reflection area are used for reflecting the detection light beam, the detection light beam is reflected by the first reflection area and the second reflection area in sequence and then is projected to the scale area to form a light spot, and the light spot is used for amplifying and reflecting the angle precision deviation of the counterbore.

2. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source is a plurality of light sources and is distributed at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the mounting disc.

3. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjusting shaft sleeve is arranged between the mounting disc and the detection part, the adjusting shaft sleeve is sleeved with the outer part of the shaft measuring rod, and the height of the adjusting shaft sleeve is adjustable.

4. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible shaft fixing assembly further comprises a deformation control part arranged in the shaft fixing main body and used for controlling the shaft fixing main body to keep axial precision during deformation.

5. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 4, characterized in that, A plurality of control holes are arranged in the shaft fixing main body, the axes of the control holes are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft fixing main body, the deformation control part comprises a plurality of rigid rods, the hardness of the rigid rods is greater than the hardness of the shaft fixing main body, and the length of the rigid rods matches the inner diameter of the shaft hole.

6. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shaft fixing main body comprises a shaft measuring part and a shaft sleeve part which are coaxially arranged, the shaft measuring part is threadedly connected with the shaft sleeve part, the rigid rods are fixedly connected with the shaft measuring part, and the plurality of control holes are arranged on the shaft measuring part. When the shaft sleeve part is elastically extruded, the rigid rods can extrude out of the control holes and abut against the inner wall of the shaft hole.

7. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the shaft fixing main body which is away from the abutting part is axially provided with a contraction hole which is coaxial with the axis of the shaft fixing main body.

8. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scale area is a ring structure and comprises a first out-of-tolerance area, a qualified area and a second out-of-tolerance area which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction.

9. The device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision-drilled counterbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting disc can rotate around the axis of the shaft measuring rod.

10. A method for checking the axial angle precision of a precision drilled counterbore, using a device for checking the axial angle precision of a precision drilled counterbore according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The application further discloses a measuring method. The flexible shaft fixing assembly is matched with the diameter of the shaft hole to be measured, the shaft measuring rod is connected with the flexible shaft fixing assembly, the flexible shaft fixing assembly is inserted into the shaft hole, the flexible shaft fixing assembly is expanded in the radial direction to be in elastic interference fit with the shaft hole, and the shaft measuring rod is guaranteed to be coaxial with the axis of the shaft hole. The socket shaft measuring device is sleeved on the top end of the shaft measuring rod, and the conical surface of the abutting part faces the counterbore. The mounting disc is sleeved on the shaft measuring rod. The socket shaft measuring device is pressed, and the conical surface of the abutting part is completely abutted with the inner wall of the counterbore. The light source is started, the light beam is reflected by the first reflecting area of the hole shaft measuring member and the second reflecting area of the mounting disc in turn, and then projects to the scale area of the detecting part to form a light spot, the position of the light spot on the scale area is observed, and the angle precision deviation of the counterbore is judged according to the position of the light spot.

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