Fuel cell engine system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell engine system and a vehicle. Comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen path for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, an air path for supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack, a main cooling path for adjusting the temperature of the fuel cell stack, an auxiliary machine cooling path for adjusting the temperature of an auxiliary machine of the whole vehicle, and a heat exchange path for heat exchange with the whole vehicle. During low-temperature starting, by coordinating parts of a heat exchange path and a main cooling path, the system is heated by discharged high-temperature cooling liquid, so that the power consumption of a main radiator of the system is reduced, the power consumption of a vehicle air conditioner is reduced, the heat efficiency of the system is improved, and the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle is reduced; moreover, during low-temperature starting, parts of the heat exchange path and the main cooling path are adjusted to work cooperatively, unfreezing of the parts of the system is accelerated, the PTC heater heats the fuel cell stack, meanwhile, the PTC heater serves as a load, the self-heating power of the fuel cell stack can be improved, system starting is further accelerated, and therefore the low-temperature starting time is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and more specifically, to a fuel cell engine system and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen through an electrochemical reaction. The only emission is water vapor, with no carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or particulate matter pollution. If the hydrogen comes from renewable energy sources (such as wind power or photovoltaic water electrolysis), the entire energy chain can achieve near-zero carbon emissions.

[0003] After years of technological accumulation, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology is on the verge of large-scale application. Currently, its core indicators (cost, lifespan, and power) are approaching the critical point for replacing gasoline vehicles. Some manufacturers' fuel cell vehicles can achieve a range of 500-700 kilometers on a single hydrogen refueling, comparable to gasoline vehicles. Refueling with hydrogen takes only 3-5 minutes, and the refueling speed is close to that of traditional gasoline vehicles, making it suitable for long-distance travel or commercial scenarios. However, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine system still suffers from problems such as long low-temperature start-up time and low thermal efficiency, requiring further optimization and improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fuel cell engine system and vehicle to solve the problems of long low-temperature start-up time and low thermal efficiency in existing fuel cell engine systems.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell engine system is provided, comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply path for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, an air supply path for supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack, a main cooling path for regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack, an auxiliary cooling path for regulating the temperature of the vehicle's auxiliary equipment, and a heat exchange path for heat exchange with the vehicle.

[0006] The hydrogen path includes a hydrogen injector, an ejector, a gas-liquid separator, and a hydrogen circulation pump. The hydrogen injector, ejector, and hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack are connected in sequence, and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen circulation pump, and the gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence.

[0007] The air path includes an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, and a humidifier connected in sequence. The air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0008] The main cooling circuit includes a main thermostat, a main radiator, a main water pump, and a particulate filter connected in sequence. The main thermostat is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the particulate filter is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0009] The heat exchange circuit includes a heat exchange thermostat, a heat exchange water pump, a PTC heater, and a vehicle heat exchange thermostat connected in sequence, and the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit are coordinated for heat exchange.

[0010] The auxiliary cooling circuit includes an auxiliary water pump and an auxiliary radiator that are connected to each other, and both the auxiliary water pump and the auxiliary radiator are connected to the air compressor.

[0011] In this solution, during the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell engine system in winter, the system is heated by using high-temperature coolant from the stack by coordinating the components of the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit. This reduces the power consumption of the main radiator and the vehicle's air conditioning, thereby improving the system's thermal efficiency and reducing the vehicle's hydrogen consumption. Furthermore, during low-temperature start-up, the coordinated operation of the components of the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit is adjusted to accelerate the defrosting of system components. While the PTC heater heats the fuel cell stack, it also acts as a load to increase the self-heating power of the fuel cell stack, further accelerating the system start-up and thus shortening the low-temperature start-up time.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell engine system also includes a drain valve, a nitrogen exhaust valve, an isolation valve, a stack inlet throttle valve, a back pressure throttle valve, a bypass throttle valve, a check valve, a muffler, a deionizer, a main cooling fan, a main expansion tank, a drain valve, an auxiliary cooling fan, an auxiliary expansion tank, a fuel cell system DC, a vehicle heat exchanger, a hydrogen cylinder, cylinder valves, and a medium-pressure valve. Specifically, the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder is connected to the inlet of the cylinder valve, the outlet of the cylinder valve is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure valve, the outlet of the medium-pressure valve is connected to the inlet of the isolation valve, the outlet of the isolation valve is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector, a hydrogen injection front-end pressure sensor is installed between the outlet of the isolation valve and the inlet of the hydrogen injector, the outlet of the hydrogen injector is connected to the inlet nozzle of the ejector, an ejector front-end pressure sensor is installed between the outlet of the hydrogen injector and the inlet nozzle of the ejector, the ejector outlet of the ejector is connected to the hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor are installed between the ejector outlet and the hydrogen inlet.

[0013] The hydrogen outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the gas-liquid separator. A hydrogen circulation pump is connected in parallel to the pipeline connecting the hydrogen outlet and the feed inlet. The inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet, and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the feed inlet. A hydrogen outlet temperature sensor and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor are installed between the hydrogen outlet and the feed inlet. The underflow pipe of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the condensate drain valve. The outlet of the condensate drain valve is connected to the tailpipe. The overflow port of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the outlet of the ejector. The pipeline between the overflow port and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the nitrogen purging valve. The exhaust port of the nitrogen purging valve is connected to the tailpipe. The pressure relief port of the ejector is connected to the tailpipe. The inlet of the air filter is connected to the atmosphere. The outlet of the air filter is connected to the air compressor inlet. An air flow meter is installed between the outlet of the air filter and the air compressor inlet.

[0014] Furthermore, the air compressor outlet is connected to the intercooler inlet of the intercooler; the intercooler outlet is sequentially connected to the fuel cell stack purge inlet, the bypass throttle inlet, and the humidifier air inlet; the fuel cell stack purge outlet is connected to the check valve inlet; the check valve outlet is connected to the tailpipe; the bypass throttle outlet is connected to the tailpipe; the humidifier air outlet is connected to the stack inlet throttle; the stack inlet throttle outlet is connected to the air inlet; and the stack inlet throttle outlet is connected to the air inlet. An air inlet flow sensor, an air inlet temperature sensor, and an air inlet pressure sensor are installed between the stack inlets. The air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the back pressure throttle valve. An air outlet temperature sensor and an air outlet pressure sensor are installed between the air outlet and the back pressure throttle valve. The air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the back pressure throttle valve. The air outlet of the back pressure throttle valve is connected to the wet mixture inlet of the humidifier. The wet mixture outlet of the humidifier is connected to the tailpipe. The tailpipe is connected to the inlet of the muffler. The outlet of the muffler is connected to the atmosphere.

[0015] The coolant outlet is connected to the main thermostat inlet. Between the coolant outlet and the main thermostat inlet, the coolant outlet temperature sensor, the deionizer inlet, the intercooler outlet, and the external circulation inlet of the heat exchanger are connected in sequence. The deionizer outlet is connected to the fuel cell overflow inlet of the main expansion tank. The main thermostat internal circulation outlet is connected to the main water pump inlet. Between the internal circulation outlet and the main water pump inlet, the heat exchanger internal circulation inlet is connected. The main thermostat external circulation outlet is connected to the main radiator inlet. A main radiator inlet temperature sensor is installed between the external circulation outlet and the main radiator inlet. The main radiator overflow inlet is connected to the main expansion tank overflow inlet. The main radiator outlet is connected to the internal circulation outlet. A main radiator outlet temperature sensor is installed between the main radiator outlet and the internal circulation outlet.

[0016] Furthermore, the outlet of the main water pump is connected to the inlet of the particulate filter and the intercooler inlet of the intercooler. The main expansion tank's main expansion filler port is connected between the outlet of the main water pump and the inlet of the particulate filter. The outlet of the particulate filter is connected to the coolant inlet. A drain valve and a coolant inlet temperature sensor are installed sequentially between the outlet of the particulate filter and the coolant inlet.

[0017] The heat exchanger outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hot water pump. The outlet of the hot water pump is connected to the inlet of the PTC heater. The outlet of the PTC heater is connected to the inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger. The outlet of the PTC heater and the inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger are connected to the main expansion overflow inlet of the main expansion tank. The outlet of the vehicle heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger. The system heat exchanger outlet of the vehicle heat exchanger is connected to the outlet and the internal circulation inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger.

[0018] The outlet of the auxiliary water pump is connected to the inlet of the DC converter of the fuel cell system. The outlet of the DC converter of the fuel cell system is connected to the air compressor cooling inlet. The air compressor cooling outlet is connected to the inlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine. The outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine is connected to the auxiliary cooling inlet of the auxiliary radiator. An auxiliary cooling inlet temperature sensor is installed between the outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine and the auxiliary cooling inlet. The auxiliary cooling outlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the inlet of the auxiliary water pump. An auxiliary cooling outlet temperature sensor is installed between the auxiliary cooling outlet and the auxiliary water pump. The auxiliary cooling vent of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the auxiliary expansion vent of the auxiliary expansion tank. The auxiliary cooling liquid inlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the auxiliary expansion liquid inlet of the auxiliary expansion tank. The main cooling fan and the auxiliary cooling fan are installed on the main radiator and the auxiliary radiator, respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, a nitrogen venting valve is used to release nitrogen from the hydrogen path. The dehumidified mixed gas in the hydrogen path is vented by the nitrogen venting valve and then flows back from the ejector. The nitrogen venting valve reduces the nitrogen content in the returned mixed gas.

[0020] Furthermore, a hydrogen circulation pump is connected in parallel to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet and the gas-liquid separator, and the hydrogen circulation pump operates according to the hydrogen reflux requirements.

[0021] Furthermore, the compressed air is cooled by the intercooler and enters from the purge inlet of the fuel cell stack, and exits from the purge outlet of the fuel cell stack. At the same time, the hydrogen gas that has diffused into the fuel cell stack shell is discharged and discharged into the tailpipe through the check valve. The check valve ensures that the flow direction of the purge gas is from the purge outlet to the tailpipe.

[0022] Furthermore, the bypass throttle valve is connected in parallel between the air intake and wet mixture outlet of the humidifier. When the bypass throttle valve is open, the intercooler outlet of the intercooler is directly connected to the tailpipe, and the airflow entering the fuel cell stack decreases.

[0023] Furthermore, the main thermostat is located on the cooling outlet side of the fuel cell stack. The main thermostat regulates the amount of coolant entering the main radiator. The main thermostat can control whether the coolant passes through the main radiator completely or completely, thereby regulating the coolant inlet temperature.

[0024] Furthermore, the auxiliary cooling circuit provides heat dissipation for the fuel cell system's DC and air compressor, as well as for the vehicle's auxiliary equipment; the heat exchange circuit heats the gas-water separator, drain valve, nitrogen discharge valve, hydrogen injector, and isolation valve under low-temperature conditions.

[0025] Furthermore, the heat exchange thermostat regulates the amount of heat exchange between the main cooling circuit and the heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange thermostat is located between the coolant outlet and the heat exchange pump.

[0026] Furthermore, the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat regulates the amount of heat exchanged between the heat exchange circuit and the vehicle. The vehicle heat exchanger thermostat is located at the rear end of the PTC heater outlet.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle including the aforementioned fuel cell engine system.

[0028] In this scheme, when the fuel cell engine system starts at low temperature, the fuel cell stack needs to be heated to a certain temperature. At this time, the PTC heater in the heat exchange circuit works, and at the same time, the channel of the vehicle heat exchanger in the heat exchange circuit is closed, so that the PTC heater mainly heats the fuel cell stack and thaws components such as the gas-water separator. At the same time, the PTC heater acts as a load to consume the electrical power output by the fuel cell engine system during the low temperature start-up process.

[0029] During the low-temperature start-up of a fuel cell engine system, insufficient vehicle power demand or a small maximum regenerative power from the battery can limit the system's output power. This stage requires a high current output from the fuel cell to rapidly heat the fuel cell stack. Consequently, the auxiliary power of the fuel cell engine system needs to be increased to consume the excess power generated by the rapid heating of the fuel cell. In addition to the PTC heater as a load, increasing the air compressor speed increases the auxiliary power of the fuel cell engine system. Furthermore, increasing the bypass throttle opening, while simultaneously adjusting the inlet throttle and back pressure throttle openings, ensures that the air inlet pressure and flow rate remain within appropriate ranges. Increasing the air compressor speed and bypass throttle opening also increases the exhaust pipe purging intensity, accelerating the discharge of exhaust gases generated during the start-up purging process.

[0030] In low-temperature conditions, the air conditioning of the whole vehicle (including vehicles, ships and other vehicles, hereinafter collectively referred to as the whole vehicle) needs to be turned on for heating. Some models even have seat heating functions. The fuel cell engine system generates a lot of heat during operation. This heat can be transferred to the whole vehicle through the heat exchange circuit. This reduces the power consumption of the whole vehicle's air conditioning and other equipment, while also reducing the power consumption of the fuel cell engine system's radiator, improving thermoelectric efficiency and reducing hydrogen consumption.

[0031] Under high-temperature conditions, the vehicle's air conditioning does not require heating. In this case, the heat exchanger channels in the heat exchange circuit are closed, and the auxiliary cooling fan's speed is adjusted based on the auxiliary radiator's outlet temperature. When the fuel cell engine system coolant inlet temperature can be maintained at the target value solely through the main thermostat, the main cooling fan remains off. When the coolant inlet temperature cannot be stabilized solely through the main thermostat, the main cooling fan activates. The number of cooling fans can be optimized based on cooling requirements. Whether or not auxiliary cooling fans are installed can be determined based on actual needs. Without auxiliary cooling fans, the main cooling fans can perform the cooling functions related to the auxiliary engine cooling circuit.

[0032] Normally, the ejector alone can ensure the normal circulation of hydrogen, and the hydrogen circulation pump does not need to work, which can reduce the power consumption of auxiliary equipment in the fuel cell engine system. In some cases, such as startup, low power load, and shutdown, the hydrogen pump works to increase the hydrogen return flow. This combination method is energy-saving and can ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell engine system.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0034] (1) The heat exchange circuit can heat easily frozen parts under low temperature conditions, reducing the risk of low temperature start-up failure due to freezing of parts such as gas-water separator and isolation valve.

[0035] (2) The fuel cell engine system has a wider output power range and a faster start-up speed during low-temperature start-up, and can respond to the power demand of the vehicle more promptly.

[0036] (3) The fuel cell engine has a higher degree of thermoelectric linkage with the whole vehicle, the fuel cell engine has higher thermoelectric efficiency, and hydrogen consumption is reduced.

[0037] (4) Save radiator space and reduce the difficulty of integrating fuel cell engine system on vehicle.

[0038] (5) The hydrogen circuit adopts a combination of ejector and hydrogen circulation pump, which can reduce the power consumption of auxiliary equipment under normal working conditions and ensure the stable operation of fuel cell engine system under special working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fuel cell engine system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Fuel cell stack; 101. Hydrogen inlet; 102. Hydrogen outlet; 103. Air inlet; 104. Air outlet; 105. Coolant outlet; 106. Coolant inlet; 107. Purge inlet; 108. Purge outlet;

[0043] 2. Ejector; 201. Inlet nozzle; 202. Ejector outlet; 203. Drain port; 204. Pressure relief port; 3. Hydrogen injector; 4. Hydrogen circulation pump; 5. Gas-liquid separator; 501. Feed inlet; 502. Overflow port; 503. Underflow pipe; 6. Air filter;

[0044] 7. Air compressor; 701. Air compressor inlet; 702. Air compressor outlet; 703. Air compressor cooling inlet; 704. Air compressor cooling outlet; 8. Intercooler; 801. Intercooler inlet; 802. Intercooler outlet; 803. Intercooler water inlet; 804. Intercooler water outlet;

[0045] 9. Humidifier; 901. Air inlet; 902. Air outlet; 903. Wet gas mixture inlet; 904. Wet gas mixture outlet; 10. Silencer; 11. Main water pump; 12. Deionizer;

[0046] 13. Main radiator; 1301. Main radiator inlet; 1302. Main radiator outlet; 1303. Main radiator vent; 14. Particulate filter;

[0047] 15. Main expansion tank; 1501. Main expansion filler port; 1502. Fuel cell stack vent inlet; 1503. Main cooling vent inlet; 1504. Main expansion vent inlet; 16. Heat exchanger pump; 17. PTC heater; 18. Vehicle heat exchanger; 19. Auxiliary water pump;

[0048] 20. Auxiliary radiator; 2001. Auxiliary radiator inlet; 2002. Auxiliary radiator outlet; 2003. Auxiliary radiator vent; 2004. Auxiliary radiator liquid inlet; 21. Auxiliary radiator fan;

[0049] 22. Auxiliary expansion tank; 2201. Auxiliary expansion fluid inlet; 2202. Auxiliary expansion vent; 23. Main cooling fan; 24. Vehicle auxiliary equipment; 25. Fuel cell system DC; 26. Hydrogen tank; 27. Exhaust pipe;

[0050] V1, Bottle valve; V2, Medium pressure valve; V3, Isolation valve; V4, Drain valve; V5, Nitrogen vent valve; V6, Bypass throttle valve; V7, Stack inlet throttle valve; V8, Back pressure throttle valve; V9, Check valve; V10, Main thermostat; V1001, Main thermostat inlet; V1002, Internal circulation outlet; V1003, External circulation outlet; V11, Heat exchanger thermostat; V1101, External circulation inlet; V1102, Internal circulation inlet; V1103, Heat exchanger thermostat outlet; V12, Vehicle heat exchanger thermostat; V1201, Vehicle heat exchanger inlet; V1202, System heat exchanger outlet; V1203, Vehicle heat exchanger outlet; V13, Drain valve;

[0051] S1, Hydrogen injection front-end pressure sensor; S2, Ejector front-end pressure sensor; S3, Hydrogen injection pressure sensor; S4, Hydrogen injection temperature sensor; S5, Hydrogen discharge temperature sensor; S6, Hydrogen discharge pressure sensor; S7, Air flow meter; S8, Air injection flow sensor; S9, Air injection temperature sensor; S10, Air injection pressure sensor; S11, Air discharge temperature sensor; S12, Air discharge pressure sensor; S13, Coolant injection temperature sensor; S14, Coolant discharge temperature sensor; S15, Main heat sink inlet temperature sensor; S16, Main heat sink outlet temperature sensor; S17, Auxiliary heat sink outlet temperature sensor; S18, Auxiliary heat sink inlet temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions in at least one embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. The following description of at least one embodiment is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit this application or its applications. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell engine system, including a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen supply path for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1, an air supply path for supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack 1, a main cooling path for regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1, an auxiliary cooling path for regulating the temperature of the vehicle auxiliary machine 24, and a heat exchange path for heat exchange with the vehicle.

[0054] The hydrogen path includes a hydrogen injector 3, an ejector 2, a gas-liquid separator 5, and a hydrogen circulation pump 4. The hydrogen injector 3, the ejector 2, and the hydrogen inlet 101 of the fuel cell stack 1 are connected in sequence. The hydrogen outlet 102 of the fuel cell stack 1, the hydrogen circulation pump 4, and the gas-liquid separator 5 are connected in sequence.

[0055] The air path includes an air filter 6, an air compressor 7, an intercooler 8 and a humidifier 9 connected in sequence. The air outlet 902 of the humidifier 9 is connected to the air inlet 103 of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0056] The main cooling circuit includes a main thermostat V10, a main radiator 13, a main water pump 11, and a particulate filter 14 connected in sequence. The main thermostat V10 is connected to the coolant outlet 105 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the particulate filter 14 is connected to the coolant inlet 106 of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0057] The heat exchange circuit includes a heat exchange thermostat V11, a heat exchange water pump 16, a PTC heater 17, and a vehicle heat exchange thermostat V12 connected in sequence. The heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit are heat exchanged together.

[0058] The auxiliary cooling circuit includes an auxiliary water pump 19 and an auxiliary radiator 20 that are connected to each other, and both the auxiliary water pump 19 and the auxiliary radiator 20 are connected to the air compressor 7.

[0059] In this scheme, during the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell engine system in winter, the system is heated by using high-temperature coolant from the stack by coordinating the components of the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit. This reduces the power consumption of the main radiator 13 of the system, while also reducing the power consumption of the vehicle's air conditioning, improving the system's thermal efficiency and reducing the vehicle's hydrogen consumption. Furthermore, during low-temperature start-up, the coordinated operation of the components of the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit is adjusted to accelerate the defrosting of system components. While the PTC heater 17 heats the fuel cell stack 1, the PTC heater 17, as a load, can increase the self-heating power of the fuel cell stack 1, further accelerating the system start-up and thus shortening the low-temperature start-up time.

[0060] In this scheme, the fuel cell engine system also includes a drain valve V4, a nitrogen exhaust valve V5, an isolation valve V3, a stack inlet throttle valve V7, a back pressure throttle valve V8, a bypass throttle valve V6, a check valve V9, a muffler 10, a deionizer 12, a main cooling fan 23, a main expansion tank 15, a drain valve V13, an auxiliary cooling fan 21, an auxiliary expansion tank 22, a fuel cell system DC 25, a vehicle heat exchanger 18, a hydrogen cylinder 26, a cylinder valve V1, and a medium-pressure valve V2.

[0061] Specifically, the outlet of hydrogen cylinder 26 is connected to the inlet of cylinder valve V1, the outlet of cylinder valve V1 is connected to the inlet of medium-pressure valve V2, the outlet of medium-pressure valve V2 is connected to the inlet of isolation valve V3, the outlet of isolation valve V3 is connected to the inlet of hydrogen injector 3, a hydrogen injection front-end pressure sensor S1 is installed between the outlet of isolation valve V3 and the inlet of hydrogen injector 3, the outlet of hydrogen injector 3 is connected to the inlet nozzle 201 of ejector 2, an ejector front-end pressure sensor S2 is installed between the outlet of hydrogen injector 3 and the inlet nozzle 201 of ejector 2, the ejector outlet 202 of ejector 2 is connected to hydrogen inlet 101, and a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor S3 and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor S4 are installed between the ejector outlet 202 and hydrogen inlet 101.

[0062] The hydrogen outlet 102 is connected to the feed inlet 501 of the gas-liquid separator 5. A hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected in parallel to the pipeline connecting the hydrogen outlet 102 and the feed inlet 501. The inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 102, and the outlet is connected to the feed inlet 501. A hydrogen outlet temperature sensor S5 and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor S6 are installed between the hydrogen outlet 102 and the feed inlet 501. The underflow pipe 503 of the gas-liquid separator 5 is connected to the liquid inlet of the drain valve V4. The drain valve V4 discharges liquid... The outlet is connected to the tailpipe 27. The overflow port 502 of the gas-water separator 5 is connected to the drain port 203 of the ejector 2. The pipeline between the overflow port 502 and the drain port 203 is connected to the air inlet of the nitrogen purging valve V5. The exhaust port of the nitrogen purging valve V5 is connected to the tailpipe 27. The pressure relief port 204 of the ejector 2 is connected to the tailpipe 27. The air inlet of the air filter 6 is connected to the atmosphere. The air outlet of the air filter 6 is connected to the air compressor inlet 701 of the air compressor 7. An air flow meter S7 is installed between the air outlet of the air filter 6 and the air compressor inlet 701.

[0063] Furthermore, the air compressor outlet 702 of the air compressor 7 is connected to the intercooler inlet 801 of the intercooler 8. The intercooler outlet 802 of the intercooler 8 is sequentially connected to the purge inlet 107 of the fuel cell stack 1, the inlet of the bypass throttle valve V6, and the air inlet 901 of the humidifier 9. The purge outlet 108 of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the inlet of the check valve V9. The outlet of the check valve V9 is connected to the tailpipe 27. The outlet of the bypass throttle valve V6 is connected to the tailpipe 27. The air outlet 902 of the humidifier 9 is connected to the inlet throttle valve V7. The outlet of the inlet throttle valve V7 is connected to the air inlet 103. An air inlet flow sensor S8, an air inlet temperature sensor S9, and an air inlet pressure sensor S10 are installed between the stack inlets 103. The air outlet 104 of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the back pressure throttle valve V8. An air outlet temperature sensor S11 and an air outlet pressure sensor S12 are installed between the air outlet 104 and the back pressure throttle valve V8. The air outlet 104 is connected to the air inlet of the back pressure throttle valve V8. The air outlet of the back pressure throttle valve V8 is connected to the wet mixture inlet 903 of the humidifier 9. The wet mixture outlet 904 of the humidifier 9 is connected to the tailpipe 27. The tailpipe 27 is connected to the inlet of the muffler 10. The outlet of the muffler 10 is connected to the atmosphere.

[0064] The coolant outlet 105 is connected to the main thermostat inlet V1001 of the main thermostat V10. Between the coolant outlet 105 and the main thermostat inlet V1001, the coolant discharge temperature sensor S14, the inlet of the deionizer 12, the intercooler outlet 804 of the intercooler 8, and the external circulation inlet V1101 of the heat exchange thermostat V11 are connected in sequence. The outlet of the deionizer 12 is connected to the fuel cell overflow inlet 1502 of the main expansion tank 15. The internal circulation outlet V1002 of the main thermostat V10 is connected to the inlet of the main water pump 11. A heat exchanger is connected between the internal circulation outlet V1002 and the inlet of the main water pump 11. The internal circulation inlet V1102 of the thermostat V11 and the external circulation outlet V1003 of the main thermostat V10 are connected to the main heat dissipation inlet 1301 of the main radiator 13. A main heat dissipation inlet temperature sensor S15 is installed between the external circulation outlet V1003 and the main heat dissipation inlet 1301. The main heat dissipation vent 1303 of the main radiator 13 is connected to the main heat dissipation vent 1503 of the main expansion tank 15. The main heat dissipation outlet 1302 of the main radiator 13 is connected to the internal circulation outlet V1002. A main heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor S16 is installed between the main heat dissipation outlet 1302 and the internal circulation outlet V1002.

[0065] Furthermore, the outlet of the main water pump 11 is connected to the inlet of the particulate filter 14 and the intercooler inlet 803 of the intercooler 8. The main expansion tank 15's main expansion filler port 1501 is connected between the outlet of the main water pump 11 and the inlet of the particulate filter 14. The outlet of the particulate filter 14 is connected to the coolant inlet 106. A drain valve V13 and a coolant inlet temperature sensor S13 are installed sequentially between the outlet of the particulate filter 14 and the coolant inlet 106.

[0066] The heat exchanger outlet V1103 of the heat exchanger thermostat V11 is connected to the inlet of the hot water pump 16. The outlet of the hot water pump 16 is connected to the inlet of the PTC heater 17. The outlet of the PTC heater 17 is connected to the vehicle heat exchange inlet V1201 of the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat V12. The outlet of the PTC heater 17 and the vehicle heat exchange inlet V1201 are connected to the main expansion overflow inlet 1504 of the main expansion tank 15. The vehicle heat exchange outlet V1203 of the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat V12 is connected to the inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger 18. The system heat exchange outlet V1202 of the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat V12 is connected to the outlet of the vehicle heat exchanger 18 and the internal circulation inlet V1102.

[0067] The outlet of the auxiliary water pump 19 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell system DC25. The outlet of the fuel cell system DC25 is connected to the air compressor cooling inlet 703 of the air compressor 7. The air compressor cooling outlet 704 is connected to the inlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine 24. The outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine 24 is connected to the auxiliary cooling water inlet 2001 of the auxiliary radiator 20. An auxiliary cooling inlet temperature sensor S18 is installed between the outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine 24 and the auxiliary cooling water inlet 2001. The auxiliary cooling water outlet of the auxiliary radiator 20... The auxiliary radiator 2002 is connected to the inlet of the auxiliary water pump 19. An auxiliary radiator outlet temperature sensor S17 is installed between the auxiliary radiator outlet 2002 and the auxiliary water pump 19. The auxiliary radiator 2003 is connected to the auxiliary expansion outlet 2202 of the auxiliary expansion tank 22. The auxiliary radiator 2004 is connected to the auxiliary expansion outlet 2201 of the auxiliary expansion tank 22. The main cooling fan 23 and the auxiliary cooling fan 21 are respectively installed on the main radiator 13 and the auxiliary radiator 20.

[0068] In low-temperature environments, when the fuel cell engine system receives a start command, it adjusts the heat exchange thermostat V11 to open the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit channel, adjusts the vehicle heat exchange thermostat V12 to close the vehicle heat exchanger 18 channel, the hot water pump 16 operates, the PTC heater 17 operates, the main thermostat V10 closes the external circulation channel, and the main water pump 11 operates. During this stage, the heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit are connected, and the hot water in the heat exchange circuit enters the main cooling circuit to increase the coolant inlet temperature and simultaneously heat easily frozen components. When the coolant inlet temperature reaches a certain level, the fuel cell engine starts, the isolation valve V3 opens, the hydrogen injector 3 operates, the hydrogen circulation pump 4 operates, the air compressor 7 operates, the fuel cell stack 1 establishes an open-circuit voltage after hydrogen and oxygen are supplied, and then outputs power. The intercooler 8 and humidifier 9 regulate the air inlet temperature and humidity, and the condensate drain valve V4 and nitrogen vent valve V5 regulate the humidity and hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen circuit. To accelerate the rise in coolant inlet temperature, the bypass throttle valve V6, inlet throttle valve V7, and back pressure throttle valve V8 can be adjusted to reduce the airflow into the fuel cell stack 1, thereby lowering the output voltage. Simultaneously, while maintaining a constant output power, this increases the output current of fuel cell stack 1. Increased ohmic losses lead to increased self-heating of fuel cell stack 1, further accelerating the rise in coolant inlet temperature. Alternatively, increasing the output power of fuel cell stack 1 can increase its self-heating. If the vehicle's power demand is low and the battery does not require charging, the output power of fuel cell stack 1 can be increased while the output power of the fuel cell engine system remains constant by increasing the power consumption of auxiliary equipment. The PTC heater 17 consumes the output power of the fuel cell stack 1 as a load, and simultaneously heats the coolant entering the stack. Although the air inlet flow rate is relatively low during low-temperature startup, the air compressor 7 can still maintain a high speed, consuming the output power of the fuel cell stack 1. This is because the frequency of water drainage and nitrogen removal during the low-temperature startup of the fuel cell engine system is higher than that of the same power load after startup. The hydrogen gas discharged during the water drainage and nitrogen removal process needs to be purged and discharged in a timely manner. At this time, the tailpipe 27 needs to increase the purging flow rate, and the air compressor 7 can maintain a high speed during the low-temperature startup. The flow rate of the tailpipe 27, the air inlet pressure, and the air inlet flow rate are regulated by the bypass throttle valve V6, the inlet throttle valve V7, and the back pressure throttle valve V8. Maintaining a high speed of the air compressor 7 can also accelerate the intercooler to raise the temperature of the internal circulating coolant during the heat exchange process. When the coolant inlet temperature reaches a certain level, the low-temperature startup of the fuel cell engine system is completed. The total power consumption of the vehicle is PV, the output power of the fuel cell stack 1 is PF, the output power of the power battery is PB (positive charging, negative discharging), and the auxiliary power of the fuel cell engine system is PA (including auxiliary equipment such as air compressor, water pump, PTC, and hydrogen circulation pump). During the low-temperature start-up process, PV = PF + PB - PA.

[0069] In low-temperature environments, after the fuel cell engine system starts, the main thermostat V10 is adjusted to keep the external circulation channel closed, the main water pump 11 operates, and the vehicle heat exchanger 18 channel is opened by adjusting the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat V12, causing the hot water pump 16 to operate. The PTC heater 17 also operates, and its power is adjusted in real time according to the coolant inlet temperature. At this time, the fuel cell engine system provides heating for the entire vehicle. When the coolant inlet temperature exceeds a certain target temperature, the PTC heater 17 is shut down, and the external circulation opening is increased by adjusting the main thermostat V10. When the external circulation opening reaches a set threshold, the main cooling fan 23 is activated. The main thermostat V10 and the main cooling fan 23 implement relevant control strategies based on the coolant inlet temperature. Depending on the actual situation, the hydrogen circulation pump 4 may be shut down under certain operating conditions to reduce the power consumption of the fuel cell engine system's auxiliary equipment.

[0070] In a high-temperature environment, when the fuel cell engine system receives a start command, the heat exchange thermostat V11 closes the heat exchange circuit, and the fuel cell engine starts. The isolation valve V3 opens, the hydrogen injector 3 operates, the hydrogen circulation pump 4 operates, the air compressor 7 operates, and the fuel cell stack 1 establishes an open-circuit voltage after being supplied with hydrogen and oxygen, and then outputs power. The intercooler 8 and humidifier 9 regulate the air inlet temperature and humidity. The drain valve V4 and nitrogen venting valve V5 regulate the hydrogen circuit humidity and hydrogen concentration. The bypass throttle valve V6, the inlet throttle valve V7, and the back pressure throttle valve V8 regulate the air inlet flow rate and air inlet pressure. When the coolant inlet temperature reaches a certain level, the fuel cell engine system completes its room-temperature start-up.

[0071] In high-temperature environments, after the fuel cell engine system starts up, the main thermostat V10 is adjusted to keep the external circulation channel closed, and the main water pump 11 operates. When the coolant inlet temperature exceeds a certain target temperature, the external circulation opening is increased by adjusting the main thermostat V10. When the external circulation opening reaches the set threshold, the main cooling fan 23 is turned on. The main thermostat V10 and the main cooling fan 23 formulate relevant control strategies based on the coolant inlet temperature. Depending on the actual situation, the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is turned off under some operating conditions to reduce the power consumption of the auxiliary equipment of the fuel cell engine system.

[0072] When the fuel cell engine system receives a shutdown command, the output power of fuel cell stack 1 is adjusted to the target value. The coolant inlet temperature is brought to the target value by adjusting the main thermostat V10 and the main cooling fan 23. The hydrogen circulation pump 4 is turned on to increase the hydrogen circulation flow. The air inlet flow and pressure are adjusted by adjusting the speed of air compressor 7, the opening of bypass throttle valve V6, the opening of inlet throttle valve V7, and the opening of back pressure throttle valve V8. The tailpipe purging intensity is also adjusted. When the shutdown reaches a certain state, inlet throttle valve V7 and back pressure throttle valve V8 are closed to shut down the air inlet branch. The internal humidity of fuel cell stack 1 is adjusted by adjusting the opening frequency and duty cycle of drain valve V4 and nitrogen vent valve V5. When a certain threshold is reached, hydrogen injector 3, isolation valve V3, nitrogen vent valve V5, and drain valve V4 are closed to seal the hydrogen path. Low-temperature shutdown requires even lower internal humidity of fuel cell stack 1 to prevent internal icing. Air compressor 7 and bypass throttle valve V6 are closed, and the shutdown ends.

[0073] The auxiliary water pump 19 starts working when the vehicle auxiliary machine or the fuel cell engine system auxiliary machine is working, and shuts off after the vehicle auxiliary machine or the fuel cell engine system auxiliary machine stops working. The speed of the auxiliary cooling fan 21 is adjusted according to the outlet temperature and inlet temperature of the auxiliary radiator 20.

[0074] In this scheme, nitrogen gas in the hydrogen circuit is discharged by nitrogen purging valve V5. After the dehumidified mixed gas in the hydrogen circuit is discharged by nitrogen purging valve V5, it flows back from ejector 2. Nitrogen purging valve V5 reduces the nitrogen content in the returned mixed gas.

[0075] In this scheme, the hydrogen circulation pump 4 is connected in parallel to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet 102 and the gas-water separator 5, and the hydrogen circulation pump 4 operates according to the hydrogen reflux requirements.

[0076] Furthermore, the compressed air is cooled by the intercooler 8 and enters from the purge inlet 107 of the fuel cell stack 1, and is discharged from the purge outlet 108 of the fuel cell stack 1. At the same time, the hydrogen gas that has diffused into the outer shell of the fuel cell stack 1 is discharged and discharged into the tailpipe 27 through the check valve V9. The check valve V9 ensures that the flow direction of the purge gas is from the purge outlet 108 to the tailpipe 27.

[0077] In some embodiments, the bypass throttle valve V6 is connected in parallel between the air inlet 901 and the wet mixture outlet 904 of the humidifier 9. When the bypass throttle valve V6 is open, the intercooler outlet 802 of the intercooler 8 is directly connected to the tailpipe 27, and the airflow entering the fuel cell stack 1 decreases.

[0078] In some embodiments, the main thermostat V10 is located on the cooling outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1. The main thermostat V10 regulates the amount of coolant entering the main radiator 13. The main thermostat V10 can control the coolant to either not pass through the main radiator 13 at all or to pass through the main radiator 13 entirely, so as to regulate the coolant inlet temperature.

[0079] In some embodiments, the auxiliary cooling circuit provides heat dissipation for the fuel cell system DC25, the air compressor 7, and the vehicle auxiliary equipment 24; the heat exchange circuit heats the gas-water separator 5, the drain valve V4, the nitrogen discharge valve V5, the hydrogen injector 3, and the isolation valve V3 under low-temperature conditions.

[0080] In some embodiments, the heat exchange thermostat V11 regulates the amount of heat exchange between the main cooling circuit and the heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange thermostat V11 is located between the coolant outlet 105 and the hot water pump 16.

[0081] In some embodiments, the vehicle heat exchanger V12 regulates the amount of heat exchanged between the heat exchange circuit and the vehicle. The vehicle heat exchanger V12 is located at the rear end of the outlet of the PTC heater 17.

[0082] In this scheme, isolation valve V3 and hydrogen injector 3 are used to control the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen entering the reactor. The hydrogen path uses a combination of hydrogen circulation pump 4 and ejector 2 to achieve hydrogen circulation and complete anode self-humidification. The hydrogen path uses gas-water separator 5 and condensate drain valve V4 to discharge water accumulated in the hydrogen path and reduce the humidity of the mixed gas leaving the reactor.

[0083] Intercooler 8 is connected in parallel to the main cooling circuit. The coolant inlet of intercooler 8 is on the outlet side of the main water pump 11, and the coolant outlet of intercooler 8 is on the coolant outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1. Humidifier 9 uses the high-humidity exhaust gas discharged from the air outlet to humidify the dry air discharged from intercooler 8, ensuring the incoming air is at a suitable humidity level. Particulate filter 14 is located at coolant inlet 106, removing suspended impurities from the incoming coolant.

[0084] Furthermore, the deion tank 12 is located in the overflow pipeline of the fuel cell stack 1, that is, the pipeline between the cooling outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the main expansion tank 15. The deion tank 12 reduces the conductivity of the coolant.

[0085] The main expansion tank 15 is connected to the overflow port of the fuel cell stack 1, the overflow port of the main radiator 13, and the overflow port of the heat exchange circuit. The main expansion tank 15 can also replenish water to the main cooling circuit. The water replenishment port is located between the main water pump 11 and the particulate filter 14. The main water pump 11 drives the circulation of the main cooling circuit. The main water pump 11 is located at the inlet of the particulate filter 14 and at the front end of the inlet of the intercooler 8.

[0086] In some embodiments, the main radiator 13 and the auxiliary radiator 20 can be stacked one after the other when the vehicle space is limited, so as to reduce the total heat dissipation area. If the stacking arrangement is adopted, the main cooling fan 23 and the auxiliary cooling fan 21 can also be stacked and placed on the front and rear sides of the radiator, or installed on only one side of the radiator according to actual needs. The radiator is installed on the forward windward side of the vehicle to increase heat dissipation, and the airflow direction of the cooling fan is consistent with the windward direction.

[0087] The auxiliary expansion tank 22 is connected to the vent of the auxiliary radiator 20, and the auxiliary expansion tank 22 can replenish water for the auxiliary radiator 20. The auxiliary water pump 19 drives the auxiliary cooling circuit circulation, and the auxiliary water pump 19 is located between the auxiliary radiator 20 and the fuel cell system DC25.

[0088] In some embodiments, the vehicle heat exchanger 18 is a heat source open to the vehicle by the fuel cell system, and the vehicle can be connected to the vehicle air conditioner, seat heating pipes, etc. as needed.

[0089] This application also provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned fuel cell engine system.

[0090] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0091] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0092] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0093] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0094] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0095] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0096] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell engine system, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell stack (1), a hydrogen supply path for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack (1), an air supply path for supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack (1), a main cooling path for regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack (1), an auxiliary cooling path for regulating the temperature of the vehicle auxiliary equipment (24), and a heat exchange path for heat exchange with the vehicle; wherein, The hydrogen circuit includes a hydrogen injector (3), an ejector (2), a gas-water separator (5), and a hydrogen circulation pump (4). The hydrogen injector (3), the ejector (2), and the hydrogen inlet (101) of the fuel cell stack (1) are connected in sequence. The hydrogen outlet (102) of the fuel cell stack (1), the hydrogen circulation pump (4), and the gas-water separator (5) are connected in sequence. The air path includes an air filter (6), an air compressor (7), an intercooler (8) and a humidifier (9) connected in sequence. The air outlet (902) of the humidifier (9) is connected to the air inlet (103) of the fuel cell stack (1). The main cooling circuit includes a main thermostat (V10), a main radiator (13), a main water pump (11), and a particulate filter (14) connected in sequence. The main thermostat (V10) is connected to the coolant outlet (105) of the fuel cell stack (1), and the particulate filter (14) is connected to the coolant inlet (106) of the fuel cell stack (1). The heat exchange circuit includes a heat exchange thermostat (V11), a hot water pump (16), a PTC heater (17), and a vehicle heat exchange thermostat (V12) connected in sequence. The heat exchange circuit and the main cooling circuit are heat exchanged together. The auxiliary cooling circuit includes an auxiliary water pump (19) and an auxiliary radiator (20) connected to each other, and both the auxiliary water pump (19) and the auxiliary radiator (20) are connected to the air compressor (7).

2. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell engine system also includes a drain valve (V4), a nitrogen discharge valve (V5), an isolation valve (V3), a stack inlet throttle valve (V7), a back pressure throttle valve (V8), a bypass throttle valve (V6), a check valve (V9), a muffler (10), a deionizer (12), a main cooling fan (23), a main expansion tank (15), a drain valve (V13), an auxiliary cooling fan (21), an auxiliary expansion tank (22), a fuel cell system DC (25), a vehicle heat exchanger (18), a hydrogen cylinder (26), a cylinder valve (V1), and a medium-pressure valve (V2); among which, The outlet of the hydrogen cylinder (26) is connected to the inlet of the cylinder valve (V1), the outlet of the cylinder valve (V1) is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure valve (V2), the outlet of the medium-pressure valve (V2) is connected to the inlet of the isolation valve (V3), the outlet of the isolation valve (V3) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen injector (3), and a hydrogen injection front-end pressure sensor (S1) is installed between the outlet of the isolation valve (V3) and the inlet of the hydrogen injector (3). (3) The outlet of the hydrogen injector (3) is connected to the inlet nozzle (201) of the ejector (2). An ejector front pressure sensor (S2) is installed between the outlet of the hydrogen injector (3) and the inlet nozzle (201) of the ejector (2). The ejector outlet (202) of the ejector (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet port (101). A hydrogen inlet pressure sensor (S3) and a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor (S4) are installed between the ejector outlet (202) and the hydrogen inlet port (101). The hydrogen outlet (102) is connected to the inlet (501) of the gas-liquid separator (5). The hydrogen circulation pump (4) is connected in parallel to the pipeline connecting the hydrogen outlet (102) and the inlet (501). The inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) is connected to the hydrogen outlet (102), and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (4) is connected to the inlet (501). A hydrogen outlet temperature sensor (S5) and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor (S6) are installed between the hydrogen outlet (102) and the inlet (501). The underflow pipe (503) of the gas-liquid separator (5) is connected to the inlet of the drain valve (V4), and the outlet of the drain valve (V4) is connected to... The overflow port (502) of the gas-water separator (5) is connected to the drain port (203) of the ejector (2). The pipeline between the overflow port (502) and the drain port (203) is connected to the air inlet of the nitrogen venting valve (V5). The exhaust port of the nitrogen venting valve (V5) is connected to the tailpipe (27). The pressure relief port (204) of the ejector (2) is connected to the tailpipe (27). The air inlet of the air filter (6) is connected to the atmosphere. The air outlet of the air filter (6) is connected to the air compressor inlet (701) of the air compressor (7). An air flow meter (S7) is installed between the air outlet of the air filter (6) and the air compressor inlet (701).

3. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air compressor outlet (702) of the air compressor (7) is connected to the intercooler inlet (801) of the intercooler (8). The intercooler outlet (802) of the intercooler (8) is sequentially connected to the purge inlet (107) of the fuel cell stack (1), the inlet of the bypass throttle valve (V6), and the air inlet (901) of the humidifier (9). The purge outlet (108) of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the... The air inlet of the check valve (V9) is connected, the air outlet of the check valve (V9) is connected to the tailpipe (27), the air outlet of the bypass throttle valve (V6) is connected to the tailpipe (27), the air outlet (902) of the humidifier (9) is connected to the inlet throttle valve (V7), the air outlet of the inlet throttle valve (V7) is connected to the air inlet (103), and the air outlet of the inlet throttle valve (V7) is connected to the... An air inlet flow sensor (S8), an air inlet temperature sensor (S9), and an air inlet pressure sensor (S10) are installed between the air inlet (103). The air outlet (104) of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the back pressure throttle valve (V8). An air outlet temperature sensor (S11) and an air outlet pressure sensor (S12) are installed between the air outlet (104) and the back pressure throttle valve (V8). The air outlet (104) is connected to the air inlet of the back pressure throttle valve (V8). The air outlet of the back pressure throttle valve (V8) is connected to the wet mixture inlet (903) of the humidifier (9). The wet mixture outlet (904) of the humidifier (9) is connected to the tailpipe (27). The tailpipe (27) is connected to the inlet of the muffler (10). The outlet of the muffler (10) is connected to the atmosphere. The coolant outlet (105) is connected to the main thermostat inlet (V1001) of the main thermostat (V10). Between the coolant outlet (105) and the main thermostat inlet (V1001), the coolant discharge temperature sensor (S14), the inlet of the deionizer (12), the intercooler outlet (804) of the intercooler (8), and the external circulation inlet (V1101) of the heat exchange thermostat (V11) are connected in sequence. The outlet of the deionizer (12) is connected to the fuel cell overflow inlet (1502) of the main expansion tank (15). The internal circulation outlet (V1002) of the main thermostat (V10) is connected to the inlet of the main water pump (11). The internal circulation outlet (V1002) and the inlet of the main water pump (11) are connected by a... The heat exchange thermostat (V11) has an internal circulation inlet (V1102). The external circulation outlet (V1003) of the main thermostat (V10) is connected to the main heat dissipation inlet (1301) of the main radiator (13). A main heat dissipation inlet temperature sensor (S15) is installed between the external circulation outlet (V1003) and the main heat dissipation inlet (1301). The main heat dissipation overflow port (1303) of the main radiator (13) is connected to the main heat dissipation overflow inlet (1503) of the main expansion tank (15). The main heat dissipation outlet (1302) of the main radiator (13) is connected to the internal circulation outlet (V1002). A main heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor (S16) is installed between the main heat dissipation outlet (1302) and the internal circulation outlet (V1002).

4. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet of the main water pump (11) is connected to the inlet of the particulate filter (14) and the intercooler inlet (803) of the intercooler (8). The outlet of the main water pump (11) and the inlet of the particulate filter (14) are connected to the main expansion tank (15) main expansion replenishment port (1501). The outlet of the particulate filter (14) is connected to the coolant inlet (106). The drain valve (V13) and the coolant inlet temperature sensor (S13) are installed sequentially between the outlet of the particulate filter (14) and the coolant inlet (106). The heat exchanger thermostat (V11) has its heat exchange outlet (V1103) connected to the inlet of the hot water pump (16). The outlet of the hot water pump (16) is connected to the inlet of the PTC heater (17). The outlet of the PTC heater (17) is connected to the vehicle heat exchange inlet (V1201) of the vehicle heat exchanger thermostat (V12). The outlet of the PTC heater (17) is connected to the vehicle heat exchanger... The main expansion overflow inlet (1504) of the main expansion tank (15) is connected between the inlet (V1201) and the vehicle heat exchange outlet (V1203) of the vehicle heat exchange thermostat (V12) is connected to the inlet of the vehicle heat exchanger (18), and the system heat exchange outlet (V1202) of the vehicle heat exchange thermostat (V12) is connected to the outlet of the vehicle heat exchanger (18) and the internal circulation inlet (V1102). The outlet of the auxiliary water pump (19) is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell system DC (25), the outlet of the fuel cell system DC (25) is connected to the air compressor cooling inlet (703) of the air compressor (7), the air compressor cooling outlet (704) of the air compressor (7) is connected to the inlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine (24), the outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine (24) is connected to the auxiliary heat dissipation inlet (2001) of the auxiliary radiator (20), an auxiliary heat dissipation inlet temperature sensor (S18) is installed between the outlet of the vehicle auxiliary machine (24) and the auxiliary heat dissipation inlet (2001), and the auxiliary heat dissipation outlet of the auxiliary radiator (20) is connected to the inlet of the auxiliary radiator (20). The auxiliary heat dissipation outlet (2002) is connected to the inlet of the auxiliary water pump (19), and the auxiliary heat dissipation outlet (2002) is connected to the auxiliary water pump (19) with an auxiliary heat dissipation outlet temperature sensor (S17). The auxiliary heat dissipation overflow port (2003) of the auxiliary radiator (20) is connected to the auxiliary expansion overflow port (2202) of the auxiliary expansion tank (22). The auxiliary heat dissipation replenishment port (2004) of the auxiliary radiator (20) is connected to the auxiliary expansion replenishment port (2201) of the auxiliary expansion tank (22). The main heat dissipation fan (23) and the auxiliary heat dissipation fan (21) are respectively installed on the main radiator (13) and the auxiliary radiator (20).

5. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen in the hydrogen path is discharged by the nitrogen discharge valve (V5). After the dehumidified mixed gas in the hydrogen path is discharged by the nitrogen discharge valve (V5), it flows back from the ejector (2). The nitrogen discharge valve (V5) reduces the nitrogen content in the returned mixed gas.

6. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen circulation pump (4) is connected in parallel to the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet (102) and the gas-water separator (5), and the hydrogen circulation pump (4) operates according to the hydrogen reflux requirements.

7. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Compressed air is cooled by the intercooler (8) and enters through the purge inlet (107) of the fuel cell stack (1) and exits through the purge outlet (108) of the fuel cell stack (1). At the same time, hydrogen gas diffused into the outer shell of the fuel cell stack (1) is discharged and discharged into the tailpipe (27) through the check valve (V9). The check valve (V9) ensures that the purge gas flows from the purge outlet (108) to the tailpipe (27).

8. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bypass throttle valve (V6) is connected in parallel between the air inlet (901) and the wet mixture outlet (904) of the humidifier (9). When the bypass throttle valve (V6) is open, the intercooler outlet (802) of the intercooler (8) is directly connected to the tailpipe (27), and the airflow into the fuel cell stack (1) decreases.

9. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main thermostat (V10) is located on the cooling outlet side of the fuel cell stack (1). The main thermostat (V10) regulates the amount of coolant entering the main radiator (13). The main thermostat (V10) can control the coolant to either not pass through the main radiator (13) at all or to pass through the main radiator (13) entirely, so as to regulate the temperature of the coolant entering the stack.

10. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The auxiliary cooling circuit is for cooling the fuel cell system DC (25), the air compressor (7), and the vehicle auxiliary equipment (24); The heat exchange circuit heats the gas-water separator (5), the drain valve (V4), the nitrogen discharge valve (V5), the hydrogen injector (3), and the isolation valve (V3) under low-temperature conditions.

11. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat exchange thermostat (V11) regulates the amount of heat exchange between the main cooling circuit and the heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange thermostat (V11) is located between the coolant outlet (105) and the hot water pump (16).

12. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle heat exchanger (V12) regulates the amount of heat exchanged between the heat exchange circuit and the vehicle. The vehicle heat exchanger (V12) is located at the rear end of the outlet of the PTC heater (17).

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the fuel cell engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

Images