Assembly device and assembly method for worm part

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembling device and method for a worm component, and belongs to the technical field of worm assembling. The assembling device comprises a front base plate, a rear base plate and a bottom plate; the bottom of the front base plate and the bottom of the rear base plate are both perpendicularly connected with the top of the bottom plate, and the front base plate and the rear base plate are parallel to each other. A through U-shaped groove is formed in the side surface of the front substrate; the bottom of the rear base plate is connected with the bottom plate through a limiting assembly, and the limiting assembly is used for fixing the position of the rear base plate on the bottom plate. Through the parallel structure of the front base plate and the rear base plate, the distance between the base plates is directly used as the positioning reference of the coupling end face and the worm step face, and manual repeated measurement through a caliper and other tools is not needed. The minimum distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate is accurately set to be 23 + / -0.05 mm, the assembly size requirement is completely met, the problems of operation standardization difference, tool precision deviation and the like of manual measurement are fundamentally solved, and the influence of follow-up assembly out-of-tolerance on the transmission precision of the steering engine is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of worm gear assembly technology, specifically to an assembly device and method for worm gear components. Background Technology

[0002] In the transmission system of servo motors, the worm gear is a crucial component, responsible for transmitting the torque from the servo motor to the worm wheel via the reducer, thus enabling the worm wheel to drive the rudder plate for steering actions. When assembling the worm gear, the coupling must first be installed onto the worm. The axial position of the coupling is repeatedly adjusted by measuring the distance between the axial end face of the coupling and the step surface of the worm until the requirements are met. Finally, the screw holes are used to fix the position.

[0003] In the actual assembly process, the distance between the coupling end face and the worm gear step surface is determined by manual measurement with the aid of measuring tools. Due to factors such as the lack of standardization in manual operation, subsequent assembly deviations may occur, affecting the transmission accuracy of the subsequent servo motor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] On the one hand, in order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an assembly device for a worm gear component, comprising: a front base plate, a rear base plate and a base plate; The bottom of both the front substrate and the rear substrate are vertically connected to the top of the base plate, and the front substrate and the rear substrate are parallel to each other. The top of the front base plate has a U-shaped groove to avoid the worm shaft. The bottom of the rear substrate is connected to the base plate via a limiting component, which is used to fix the position of the rear substrate on the base plate.

[0005] Furthermore, the minimum distance between the front substrate and the rear substrate is 23±0.05mm, and the front substrate has a trapezoidal structure with an upper base length of 24mm, a lower base length of 40mm, a height of 36mm, and a thickness of 4mm.

[0006] Furthermore, the U-shaped groove is located on the vertical line of the front substrate, and the U-shaped groove is set with a diameter of 9.1±0.05mm, centered at a distance of 16mm from the top of the front substrate. The rear substrate has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 36mm × 8mm; the bottom plate has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 31mm × 8mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the limiting component includes: a slider and a locking bolt; The top of the slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear substrate; The top end face of the base plate is provided with a sliding groove of an inverted T-shape structure adapted to the slider; The slider is slidably disposed within the groove; The side of the base plate is provided with a horizontally arranged elongated groove, which is connected to the sliding groove; The shaft of the locking bolt passes through the long slot and connects to the side of the slider.

[0008] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the top end face of the base plate, and scale lines are provided in the groove.

[0009] On the other hand, this application provides a method for assembling a worm gear component, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Device debugging: Loosen the locking bolts of the limiting component, push the rear base plate to slide along the inverted T-shaped groove of the base plate, refer to the scale line in the groove of the base plate, and make the distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate reach the preset requirements of the worm gear component to be assembled. Then tighten the locking bolts to fix the position of the rear base plate. S2: Worm positioning and placement: The stepped surface of the worm to be assembled is pressed tightly against the inner side wall of the front base plate, so that the worm shaft passes through the invention U-shaped groove of the front base plate, and the invention U-shaped groove is used to assist in limiting the worm shaft. S3: Coupling assembly limit: Sleeve the coupling onto the end of the worm shaft, and push the coupling to move along the worm shaft axis until the end face of the coupling is tightly fitted with the inner sidewall of the rear base plate; S4: Coupling fixing: Make pin holes at the corresponding positions of the coupling and worm, and insert pins to fix the coupling and worm; S5: Assembly removal: Loosen the locking bolts, push the rear plate away from the front plate to increase the gap, and remove the assembled worm part.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, the parallelism error between the front substrate and the rear substrate after debugging is ≤0.03mm, and the distance between the front substrate and the rear substrate under standard working conditions is adjusted to 23±0.05mm. In step S2, when positioning the worm gear, it is necessary to ensure that the worm gear step surface is completely in contact with the inner sidewall of the front base plate without any gaps. In step S4, during the process of opening the pin hole and inserting the pin, it is necessary to keep the end face of the coupling in contact with the inner sidewall of the rear substrate to avoid the coupling from shifting. In step S1, if the worm gear component to be assembled is a non-standard specification, the distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate needs to be precisely adjusted according to the preset distance between the coupling end face and the worm gear step surface through the scale lines on the base plate.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The parallel structure of the front and rear base plates directly uses the distance between them as the positioning reference for the coupling end face and the worm gear step surface, eliminating the need for repeated manual measurements using calipers or other tools. The minimum distance between the front and rear base plates is precisely set at 23±0.05mm, perfectly matching assembly size requirements. This eliminates issues such as differences in operational standards and tool accuracy deviations caused by manual measurements, preventing subsequent assembly deviations from affecting the servo drive's transmission accuracy. Through the cooperation of the limiting component and the inverted T-shaped groove on the base plate, loosening the locking bolt allows the rear base plate to slide along the groove. Combined with the scale lines in the base plate groove, the distance between the front and rear base plates can be precisely adjusted, adapting to worm gear components with different coupling and worm gear step surface distance requirements, eliminating the need for separate device design for a single specification. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the assembly tooling provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A front structural diagram of the assembly tooling provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A side view of the assembly tooling provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the assembly fixture provided by the present invention.

[0013] Figure label: In the diagram: 1 is the front substrate, 2 is the rear substrate, 3 is the base plate, 4 is the U-shaped groove, 5 is the slider, 6 is the locking bolt, 7 is the slide groove, and 8 is the scale line. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 Please see Figure 1-3 The present invention provides an assembly device for a worm gear component, comprising: a front base plate 1, a rear base plate 2, and a base plate 3; The bottoms of the front substrate 1 and the rear substrate 2 are both vertically connected to the top of the base plate 3, and the front substrate 1 and the rear substrate 2 are parallel to each other. The top of the side of the front base plate 1 has a U-shaped groove 4 to avoid the worm shaft. The bottom of the rear substrate 2 is connected to the base plate 3 via a limiting component, which is used to fix the position of the rear substrate 2 on the base plate 3.

[0016] The front base plate and the base plate are fixedly connected and are made of 2A12 aluminum. The parallelism error between the front base plate and the rear base plate is ≤0.03mm. This precision design can directly ensure the parallelism between the worm gear step surface and the coupling end face, and avoid the problem of uneven force on the coupling after assembly due to the tilt of the base plate, which would affect the transmission accuracy of the servo motor.

[0017] The U-shaped groove has a smooth, burr-free edge to prevent scratches on the worm shaft surface during assembly. In addition to avoiding the worm shaft, it also provides auxiliary positioning for the worm shaft, preventing radial displacement of the worm during assembly and ensuring that the worm step surface remains in close contact with the front base plate, thus improving positioning stability.

[0018] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the front substrate 1 and the rear substrate 2 is 23±0.05mm. The front substrate 1 has a trapezoidal structure with an upper base length of 24mm, a lower base length of 40mm, a height of 36mm, and a thickness of 4mm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the U-shaped groove 4 is located on the vertical line of the front substrate 1, and the U-shaped groove 4 is set with a diameter of 9.1±0.05mm with a center at a distance of 16mm from the top of the front substrate 1. The rear substrate 2 has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 36mm × 8mm; the base plate 3 has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 31mm × 8mm.

[0020] The U-shaped groove is located on the vertical line of the front substrate and is centered at a distance of 16mm from the top. It is necessary to ensure that the distance between the center and the bottom of the front substrate is 20mm (36mm-16mm). This position is aligned with the assembly axis of the worm shaft, so that the worm shaft is coaxial when passing through the U-shaped groove, avoiding the step surface from not fitting tightly due to shaft misalignment.

[0021] In some embodiments, the limiting component includes: a slider 5 and a locking bolt 6; The top of the slider 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear substrate 2; The top end face of the base plate 3 is provided with a sliding groove 7 of an inverted T-shaped structure adapted to the slider 5; The slider 5 is slidably disposed within the groove 7; The side of the base plate 3 is provided with a horizontally arranged elongated groove, which is connected to the sliding groove 7; The shaft of the locking bolt 6 passes through the long groove and connects to the side of the slider 5.

[0022] When the locking bolts are loosened, meaning they are not in contact with the side of the base plate, the rear base plate can be slid to adjust the distance between it and the front base plate until the required size is reached. Then, the locking bolts are tightened to press them against the side of the base plate, thus defining the position of the rear base plate.

[0023] To increase the stability of the rear substrate during movement, two sliders can be set, corresponding to the bottom sides of the rear substrate, and the number of grooves is adapted to the number of sliders.

[0024] In some embodiments, a groove is provided on the top end face of the base plate 3, and a scale line 8 is provided in the groove.

[0025] The scale lines work in conjunction with the limiting components to enable visual adjustment. When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the front and rear substrates, loosen the locking bolts, push the rear substrate, read the target distance value through the scale lines, and tighten the bolts after it is in place, thus solving the problem of low efficiency of manual measurement.

[0026] Example 2 This application provides a method for assembling a worm gear component, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Device debugging. Loosen the locking bolts of the limiting component to separate the bolt shaft from the side of the base plate and release the position lock of the rear base plate. Push the rear base plate to slide along the inverted T-shaped groove of the base plate. Initially refer to the scale line in the groove of the base plate to adjust the distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate to the coarse adjustment range of ±0.2mm of the preset distance of the worm gear component to be assembled (for example, the preset distance under standard working conditions is 23±0.05mm, and the coarse adjustment range is 22.8-23.2mm).

[0027] In this step, a two-stage spacing fine-calibration is adopted. The first stage (coarse adjustment of the scale): using the scale line in the groove of the base plate (accuracy 0.05mm), the target interval scale of the back substrate sidewall and the scale line is visually aligned to complete the initial positioning. The second stage (precision calibration of the reference block): select a standard reference block (material is the same as the substrate, 2A12 aluminum, thickness tolerance ≤0.01mm, for example, a 23mm reference block is selected for standard working conditions) that is completely matched with the preset spacing of the worm gear component to be assembled. Place the reference block between the front substrate and the rear substrate, and slowly push the rear substrate until the reference block and the inner sidewall of both substrates are in close contact without gaps (it can be judged by hand that there is no looseness, or by using a 0.02mm thin feeler gauge to check that it cannot be inserted). At this time, the spacing between the front substrate and the rear substrate accurately matches the preset requirements, and the parallelism error is ≤0.03mm. A pre-established worm gear specification-preset pitch-scale value mapping database is used: For common non-standard worm gear components (such as preset pitches of 22mm, 24mm, 25mm, etc.), the alignment value of the rear base plate sidewall and the scale line of the base plate corresponding to each preset pitch is recorded through tooling calibration experiments (for example, the preset pitch of 25mm corresponds to the scale line position of 25.0mm, and the preset pitch of 22mm corresponds to the scale line position of 22.0mm), and stored in the parameter table of the tooling. During debugging, simply input the specifications and model of the worm gear to be assembled, and the corresponding target scale value will be retrieved directly from the mapping table. No manual calculation is required. After pushing the back plate to align the sidewall with the target scale value, the calibration is then performed using a reference block, which significantly shortens the debugging time for non-standard specifications (improving efficiency by more than 60% compared to traditional manual calculation and adjustment).

[0028] S2: Worm positioning and placement: The stepped surface of the worm to be assembled is close to the inner side wall of the front base plate, so that the worm shaft is inserted along the opening direction of the U-shaped groove at the top of the front base plate, ensuring that the shaft completely passes through the U-shaped groove, and the inner wall of the U-shaped groove forms a radial limit on the worm shaft.

[0029] Three evenly distributed micro-detection grooves (0.03 mm deep and 1 mm wide) are made on the inner side wall of the front substrate below the U-shaped groove. A red silicone strip is embedded in the detection groove (protruding 0.02 mm from the inner wall of the substrate). When the worm gear step surface is tightly against the inner sidewall of the front substrate, the silicone strip will be completely pressed into the detection groove, and the silicone strip will not be visible to the naked eye. If there is a gap (≥0.02mm), the silicone strip at the corresponding position will still protrude, which can be directly judged as insufficient bonding. The position of the worm gear needs to be adjusted until the silicone strip is completely hidden to ensure that the step surface and the substrate are bonded without gaps (replacing manual subjective judgment, the bonding accuracy compliance rate is increased from 85% to 100%).

[0030] On both sides of the U-shaped groove at the top of the front substrate, mark the center line alignment (two thin lines parallel to the axis of the U-shaped groove, with a spacing equal to the diameter of the U-shaped groove, 9.1±0.05mm). After the worm shaft is placed, observe whether the surface of the shaft is completely parallel to and centered with the two alignment marks. If the shaft is biased to one side, adjust the position of the shaft until it is aligned with the marks to ensure that the shaft axis coincides with the U-groove axis and avoid subsequent coupling assembly misalignment due to radial offset of the shaft.

[0031] S3: Coupling assembly limit: Align the inner hole of the coupling with the end of the worm shaft, slowly fit it onto the end of the worm shaft, and push the coupling along the worm shaft axis until the end face of the coupling contacts the inner sidewall of the rear base plate.

[0032] A segmented push-fit strategy is adopted: First stage (5-10mm from the rear substrate): the coupling is pushed quickly with a thrust of 5-8N to shorten the assembly time; Second stage (1-5mm from the rear substrate): the thrust is reduced to 2-3N and pushed slowly to avoid the rear substrate being displaced due to excessive thrust (especially for non-standard specifications with small spacing, to prevent the reference block from loosening). During the installation process, the smoothness of the coupling is judged by tactile feedback. If jamming occurs, the installation is stopped immediately, and the fit clearance between the shaft and the inner hole of the coupling is checked.

[0033] A ring-shaped air guide groove (0.5mm wide and 0.1mm deep) is opened in the coupling contact area on the inner side wall of the rear base plate. One end of the air guide groove is connected to the air pressure gauge on the outside of the tooling through a fine hole inside the base plate. After the coupling end faces are fitted together, 2 kPa of compressed air is introduced into the air guide groove and held for 10 seconds. If the pressure gauge reading does not drop, it means that the fit is sealed without gaps. If the reading drops (≥0.2 kPa), there are gaps. The position of the coupling needs to be finely adjusted until the air pressure stabilizes to ensure that the coupling end face is completely fitted with the back plate (to avoid transmission misalignment due to gaps after subsequent pin fixing).

[0034] S4: Coupling Fixing: Keep the end face of the coupling in contact with the inner sidewall of the rear base plate. Use a drill to make pin holes at the corresponding pin hole positions of the coupling and worm gear. Select a pin of appropriate size and insert it into the pin hole to complete the fixing of the coupling and worm gear.

[0035] A positioning guide hole (with the hole diameter consistent with the preset hole diameter of the pin hole and a coaxiality error ≤0.01mm) is opened at the corresponding position on the front substrate, and an auxiliary observation hole is opened at the corresponding position on the rear substrate. When drilling the pin hole, insert the positioning drill sleeve (which is compatible with the positioning guide hole) into the guide hole, and drill along the inner hole of the positioning drill sleeve. At the same time, observe through the auxiliary observation hole of the rear base plate whether the axis of the drill is perpendicular to the surface of the coupling to ensure that the worm and the pin hole axis of the coupling are completely aligned.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembly device for a worm gear component, characterized in that, include: Front substrate, rear substrate, and base plate; The bottom of both the front substrate and the rear substrate are vertically connected to the top of the base plate, and the front substrate and the rear substrate are parallel to each other. The top of the front base plate has a U-shaped groove to avoid the worm shaft. The bottom of the rear substrate is connected to the base plate via a limiting component, which is used to fix the position of the rear substrate on the base plate.

2. The assembly device for the worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the front substrate and the rear substrate is 23±0.05mm, and the front substrate has a trapezoidal structure.

3. The assembly device for the worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front substrate has an upper bottom length of 24mm, a lower bottom length of 40mm, a height of 36mm, and a thickness of 4mm.

4. The assembly device for the worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear substrate has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 36mm × 8mm; the bottom plate has a cuboid structure with dimensions of 40mm × 31mm × 8mm.

5. The assembly device for a worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The U-shaped groove is located on the vertical line of the front substrate, and the U-shaped groove is set with a diameter of 9.1±0.05mm, centered at a distance of 16mm from the top of the front substrate.

6. The assembly device for a worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting component includes: a slider and a locking bolt; The top of the slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear substrate; The top end face of the base plate is provided with a sliding groove of an inverted T-shape structure adapted to the slider; The slider is slidably disposed within the groove; The side of the base plate is provided with a horizontally arranged elongated groove, which is connected to the sliding groove; The shaft of the locking bolt passes through the long slot and connects to the side of the slider.

7. The assembly device for a worm gear component according to claim 1, characterized in that, A groove is provided on the top end face of the base plate, and scale lines are provided in the groove.

8. A method for assembling a worm gear component, characterized in that, The method is implemented using the assembly apparatus for the worm gear component according to any one of claims 1-7, and includes the following steps: S1: Device debugging: Loosen the locking bolts of the limiting component, push the rear base plate to slide along the inverted T-shaped groove of the base plate, refer to the scale line in the groove of the base plate, and make the distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate reach the preset requirements of the worm gear component to be assembled. Then tighten the locking bolts to fix the position of the rear base plate. S2: Worm positioning and placement: The stepped surface of the worm to be assembled is pressed tightly against the inner side wall of the front base plate, so that the worm shaft passes through the invention U-shaped groove of the front base plate, and the invention U-shaped groove is used to assist in limiting the worm shaft. S3: Coupling assembly limit: Sleeve the coupling onto the end of the worm shaft, and push the coupling to move along the worm shaft axis until the end face of the coupling is tightly fitted with the inner sidewall of the rear base plate; S4: Coupling fixing: Make pin holes at the corresponding positions of the coupling and worm, and insert pins to fix the coupling and worm; S5: Assembly removal: Loosen the locking bolts, push the rear plate away from the front plate to increase the gap, and remove the assembled worm part.

9. The worm gear assembly method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the parallelism error between the front substrate and the rear substrate after debugging is ≤0.03mm, and the distance between the front substrate and the rear substrate under standard working conditions is adjusted to 23±0.05mm. In step S2, when positioning the worm gear, it is necessary to ensure that the worm gear step surface is completely in contact with the inner sidewall of the front base plate without any gaps. In step S4, during the process of opening the pin hole and inserting the pin, it is necessary to keep the end face of the coupling in contact with the inner sidewall of the rear substrate to avoid the coupling from shifting. In step S1, if the worm gear component to be assembled is a non-standard specification, the distance between the front base plate and the rear base plate needs to be precisely adjusted according to the preset distance between the coupling end face and the worm gear step surface through the scale lines on the base plate.

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