Method and system for separating and extracting water mineral substances by using carbon dioxide and synchronously performing carbon sequestration

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon dioxide utilization and sequestration technology, and provides a method and a system for separating and extracting water mineral substances by using carbon dioxide and synchronously sequestering carbon. The method comprises the following steps: adsorbing and separating mineral ions such as calcium and magnesium in a water body through a resin bed; dissolving carbon dioxide in water under controlled partial pressure to prepare a carbonic acid solution, and introducing the carbonic acid solution into the resin bed under a pressure-resistant condition, so that hydrogen ions released by carbonic acid replace mineral ions on the resin, resin regeneration is completed, and a regenerated solution containing the mineral ions is obtained; and performing decompression and / or heating operation on the regenerated liquid to promote the combination of mineral ions and carbonate to generate carbonate precipitate, thereby realizing synchronous utilization and stable storage of carbon dioxide. According to the method, a carbon circulation path of water mineral separation and extraction, carbon dioxide regeneration, carbonate precipitation and recycling is constructed, resource utilization and stable storage of carbon dioxide are achieved, and the method has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, low in carbon and capable of being modularly popularized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide resource utilization, specifically to a method and system for separating and extracting minerals from water and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration using carbon dioxide. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon utilization and carbon sequestration are crucial components of carbon-negative technologies (such as CCUS). Carbon utilization provides economic value for carbon capture technologies, while carbon sequestration ensures the stable removal of carbon dioxide. Currently, the carbon utilization market is in dire need of development, including the use of carbon dioxide for the production of useful chemicals or its direct application in carbonated beverage production. However, these measures are still in their early stages of development or cannot stably sequester carbon dioxide, and are far from sufficient to absorb the future demand of hundreds of millions of tons of captured carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, carbon sequestration technologies are even more scarce, mainly concentrated in underground storage, requiring the construction of large-scale storage facilities and limited to specific geographical conditions. Developing distributed carbon sequestration technologies and equipment will greatly improve the flexibility and efficiency of carbon sequestration. Currently, the main method of carbon sequestration is to use minerals such as calcium and magnesium to form precipitates with carbon dioxide, but this usually involves directly utilizing solid minerals, resulting in geographical limitations. At the same time, natural water bodies often contain large amounts of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium, and their extensive water flow makes them not specifically confined to a particular geographical space, providing highly favorable conditions for achieving distributed carbon sequestration. However, there are no specific technologies or examples yet for separating calcium and magnesium minerals from natural water bodies and using them for distributed carbon dioxide sequestration.

[0003] Ion exchange is a physicochemical process widely used in water treatment. It primarily relies on the reversible exchange between an exchanger and target ions in water to remove pollutants. In the field of hard water softening, this technology is widely used due to its high ion selectivity and treatment efficiency. Cation exchange materials, in particular, have become core functional materials for removing water hardness due to the strong affinity of their negatively charged functional groups for cations such as calcium and magnesium in water. The adsorption capacity, target ion affinity, and regeneration performance in multiple cycles of these materials are key factors determining the feasibility and economics of the process.

[0004] In recent years, carbon dioxide has been attempted to be used for resin regeneration because it can form a weakly acidic carbonate solution. However, there is still no systematic research and application of technologies that can achieve efficient regeneration under specific pH and pressure conditions and further convert the released hardness ions into stable carbonates for carbon sequestration.

[0005] Although carbon sequestration and carbon utilization each possess significant emission reduction potential and application advantages, their current development exhibits relative independence and a lack of synergy. While carbon sequestration technology can achieve large-scale, long-term, and stable carbon removal, its weak economic return mechanism makes it difficult to incentivize enterprises to actively participate. Meanwhile, carbon utilization pathways are limited by small product market capacity and low conversion efficiency, making it difficult to support large-scale carbon emission reduction demands. Therefore, relying solely on one technology is insufficient to comprehensively address the systemic challenges posed by deep emission reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a method and system for separating and extracting minerals from water using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration. This method separates minerals from hard water through ion exchange and integrates them with water treatment equipment to simultaneously achieve distributed carbon sequestration, forming a low-energy-consumption and sustainable carbon sequestration pathway.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for separating and extracting minerals from water using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration, comprising: (a) Separation steps: The weakly acidic cation exchange resin in the acidic form is packed into the adsorption unit, and the raw water containing mineral ions is treated by the adsorption unit. The carboxylic acid functional groups on the resin undergo reversible ion exchange with calcium and magnesium ions, thereby achieving mineral separation. (ii) Regenerant preparation steps: Under controlled carbon dioxide partial pressure conditions, carbon dioxide and water are mixed in a gas-liquid mixing unit to generate a carbonic acid solution; (III) Resin Regeneration Step: The carbonic acid solution is introduced into a pressure-resistant regeneration unit, and under sealed conditions, the carbonic acid solution... By replacing the hardness ions on the resin, resin regeneration is achieved and a product containing... and The regenerated solution; (iv) Carbon sequestration step: The regenerated liquid is subjected to controlled depressurization and / or heating, and a nucleating agent may be added to allow the hardness ions to combine with carbonate / bicarbonate ions to form carbonate precipitates, thereby achieving simultaneous carbon sequestration; (v) Separation and reuse steps: The carbonate precipitate is collected by solid-liquid separation, and at least part of the supernatant is returned to the gas-liquid mixing unit as regeneration water to form a closed loop.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the resin regeneration step is carried out within the range of carbon dioxide partial pressure of 0.25–1.0 MPa, the solution pH during the regeneration stage is controlled at 3–5, the system temperature is controlled at 5–30 °C, and the contact time between the liquid and the resin material is guaranteed to be more than 2 minutes. The flow rate can be controlled to ensure the contact time, so as to ensure sufficient replacement and take into account the carbon dioxide utilization efficiency.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the gas-liquid mixing unit is one or a combination of a Venturi jet generator, a static mixer, or a nanobubble device, used to improve the mass transfer efficiency and dissolution stability of carbon dioxide.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the weakly acidic cation exchange resin is a gel-type or macroporous resin containing carboxylic acid functional groups, and its particle size and crosslinking degree are selected to balance exchange capacity and internal diffusion efficiency.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the carbon sequestration step includes a two-stage depressurization-degassing or depressurization-heating coupling method to trigger preferential crystallization of calcium carbonate, and the particle size and morphology of carbonate particles are controlled by adding calcium carbonate seed crystals or by using a turbulent stirring nucleation section and a laminar flow aging section in series.

[0012] The present invention provides an integrated mineral separation-extraction-carbon sequestration system, comprising: A gas-liquid mixing unit is used to prepare carbonic acid solutions under controlled partial pressure. The pressure-resistant regeneration unit is connected to the resin adsorption column and is used for resin regeneration under closed conditions. The precipitation reaction and solid-liquid separation unit is used to trigger carbonate precipitation and achieve solid-liquid separation; A reflux and reuse unit is used to return the separated supernatant to the gas-liquid mixing unit; The process monitoring unit includes pH, temperature, and pressure detection devices for regulating carbon dioxide solubility and pH window.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the pressure-resistant regeneration unit includes a stainless steel regeneration tank, a resin column, and two pressure gauges. The valve configuration enables programmed switching of adsorption, regeneration, replacement, and discharge, and is interlocked with the carbon dioxide supply of the gas-liquid mixing unit to prevent overpressure and liquid backflow.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the precipitation reaction and solid-liquid separation unit includes: a reaction tank with a stirrer, a pressure reducing valve for gas release, a heating device for temperature control, and a sedimentation tank or membrane filtration assembly connected to the reaction tank, for realizing the crystallization and separation of carbonates.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the reflux reuse unit includes a circulation pump, a reflux pipeline and a control valve. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid mixing unit, and a flow regulating valve is provided on the reflux pipeline to control the reflux ratio of the supernatant after separation and ensure stable circulation operation.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the process monitoring unit further includes an online conductivity sensor and a flow meter. The conductivity sensor is used to monitor changes in ion concentration in the regenerated liquid, and the flow meter is used to monitor the flow rates of the return liquid and the makeup water, thereby achieving automatic control based on feedback.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By constructing a carbon dioxide-driven weakly acidic ion exchange regeneration system, this invention achieves water softening while simultaneously converting the carbon dioxide used in the regeneration process into stable carbonates in synergistic conversion with hardness ions. This not only eliminates the problem of large amounts of high-salinity wastewater discharge in traditional sodium salt regeneration modes but also forms a carbon resource solidification pathway, improving the system's environmental friendliness and resource recycling level. Therefore, it reduces the chemical costs of operation and maintenance and the burden of subsequent wastewater treatment, while achieving synergistic coupling between the water treatment process and the carbon sequestration process, providing a practical and feasible technical path for the low-carbon upgrade of the water treatment industry under the "dual carbon" goal.

[0018] This invention not only reduces salt consumption and high-salt wastewater discharge from traditional resin regeneration, but also achieves negative carbon emissions through carbon dioxide regeneration and mineralization reactions. The resulting carbonate byproducts have industrial application value, forming a novel carbon cycle chain of "carbon capture-resource utilization-storage," which can provide new application scenarios for the water treatment industry and regional carbon asset management. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system for separating and extracting minerals from water and simultaneously storing carbon dioxide, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0022] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features for a similar purpose, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, this invention proposes a method and system for separating and extracting minerals from water and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration using carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide, as a weakly acidic gas, dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which further dissociates into hydrogen ions, thus possessing the potential to serve as a regenerator for weakly acidic cation exchange resins.

[0024] Compared with traditional strong acid regenerators such as high-concentration sodium chloride solution, carbon dioxide is widely available, inexpensive, and causes no secondary salt pollution. It can significantly reduce chemical input and high-salt wastewater discharge, while realizing carbon utilization and solidification during the softening process, thus improving environmental sustainability.

[0025] Weakly acidic cation exchange resins typically use carboxylic acid functional groups (-COOH) as their main functional groups, and their dissociation characteristics are closely related to acidic conditions. The acid dissociation constant pKa of weakly acidic resins is generally around 5. When the pH value is greater than 5, the resin is in a neutral state and its cation exchange effect is not significant. When the pH of the system decreases to the range of 3-5, the carboxylic acid groups dissociate and become negatively charged, selectively adsorbing hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium in the solution.

[0026] In contrast, those carrying sulfonic acid groups ( Strong acid cation exchange resins maintain strong exchange capacity even at pH levels below 2, while weak acid resins are more sensitive to pH changes, exhibiting high selectivity, lower regeneration acidity requirements, and more environmentally friendly operation. Therefore, weak acid cation exchange resins offer significant process advantages when used in conjunction with carbon dioxide regeneration.

[0027] In the adsorption step, a weakly acidic cation exchange resin in an acidic state is packed into the adsorption column. When the raw water flows through the resin bed, the hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium in the water combine with the dissociated carboxyl groups on the resin surface and are thus fixed by the resin, thereby softening the hard water.

[0028] As the resin adsorption reaches saturation, its exchange capacity gradually decreases, at which point regeneration is required. The preparation steps of the regenerant are as follows: carbon dioxide gas is passed into water under certain pressure, and a gas-liquid mixing device is used to achieve full contact and dissolution of carbon dioxide and water, thereby forming a carbonic acid solution.

[0029] The solubility of carbon dioxide in water is closely related to the system pressure and temperature. According to Henry's Law, a high solubility can be obtained in the pressure range of 0.25–1.0 MPa, forming a weakly acidic solution with a pH of about 3–5, which is suitable for resin regeneration.

[0030] In practical implementation, the gas-liquid mixing unit can employ a combination of an ejector and a static mixer, such as a Venturi ejector or an SX-type static mixer, to generate strong shear and turbulence between high-pressure carbon dioxide and water flow in the pipeline, thereby improving the gas-liquid mass transfer rate. Alternatively, a nanobubble generator can be used to convert carbon dioxide into stable nanobubbles suspended in water, further improving the stability and mass transfer efficiency of carbonic acid. Through these gas-liquid mixing devices, a regeneration carbonic acid solution with suitable concentration and stable pH can be produced.

[0031] In the resin regeneration step, the aforementioned carbonated solution is passed into a pressure-resistant regeneration unit and, under sealed conditions, comes into contact with a saturated weakly acidic cation exchange resin. Hydrogen ions in the solution exchange with hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium bound to the resin, restoring the resin to its acidic state. Typical reactions occurring during this process include: Mineral separation and adsorption reaction:

[0032] Carbon dioxide regeneration reaction:

[0033] Here, R represents the resin matrix. Carbonic acid generated from carbon dioxide provides hydrogen ions, which reprotonate the carboxyl groups on the resin surface, releasing calcium ions into the regeneration solution, thereby achieving resin recycling.

[0034] Under optimal conditions, the operating parameters for resin regeneration include: a carbon dioxide partial pressure of 0.25–1.0 MPa, a system temperature of 5–30 °C, a solution pH of 3–5, and a contact time between the resin and the regeneration solution of 2 minutes. These parameter ranges ensure sufficient hydrogen ion concentration and appropriate reaction kinetics, guaranteeing complete resin regeneration while avoiding carbon dioxide waste.

[0035] After resin regeneration, the regenerated solution is enriched with a large amount of hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium released from the resin, while also containing a certain concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate ions. To avoid the loss of carbon dioxide resources and to achieve stable carbon solidification, this invention includes a carbon sequestration step after the regeneration step. Specifically, the regenerated solution is subjected to reduced pressure and / or increased temperature under controlled conditions, causing dissolved carbon dioxide to be released and promoting carbonate supersaturation, thereby promoting the combination of hardness ions and carbonate ions to form a stable precipitate. The typical reaction is as follows:

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon sequestration process can employ a two-stage control mode: the first stage releases dissolved carbon dioxide from the regenerated solution by reducing pressure, promoting a supersaturated state of bicarbonate and hardness ions in the system; the second stage accelerates the precipitation reaction kinetics by moderately increasing the temperature (e.g., heating to 50 °C), thereby promoting the growth and precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals. Experimental results show that even under weakly acidic conditions, precipitation efficiency can be significantly improved by appropriately adjusting pressure and temperature conditions.

[0037] In practical implementation, the precipitation reaction and solid-liquid separation unit includes a reaction tank with a stirrer, a pressure-reducing valve for releasing gas, a temperature control device for heating, and a settling tank or membrane filtration assembly connected to the reaction tank. After stirring, the liquid in the reaction tank is in a homogeneous state, and the pressure-reducing valve can quickly lower the solution pressure, promoting... Precipitation occurs. The heating device can raise the temperature to 30–50 °C as needed to improve the precipitation rate and particle size uniformity. The generated calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate solids are naturally settled in the settling tank or separated and collected by membrane filtration or centrifugation. The supernatant is returned to the gas-liquid mixing unit through the return pipeline to continue to be used for the next round of carbon dioxide absorption and resin regeneration, forming a closed loop.

[0038] In the aforementioned separation and reuse process, the recirculation and reuse unit consists of a circulating pump, pipelines, and valves. The outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid mixing unit. A flow regulating valve is installed on the recirculation pipeline to adjust the supernatant recirculation ratio according to actual operating conditions, thereby ensuring the system's water balance and stable operation. Through this recycling method, the system significantly reduces the amount of fresh reclaimed water needed, improves carbon dioxide utilization, and reduces wastewater discharge.

[0039] The system of this invention is also equipped with a process monitoring unit for real-time detection and control of the operating status. The monitoring unit includes a pH sensor, a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor, a conductivity sensor, and a flow meter. The pH sensor monitors the acidity of the regenerated solution to ensure it remains within a suitable range during regeneration and precipitation; the pressure gauge monitors... The injection and depressurization process avoids the risk of overpressure; temperature sensors are used to control the temperature conditions during regeneration and precipitation; conductivity sensors can be used to detect changes in ion concentration in the regenerated solution to determine whether exchange and precipitation are sufficient; flow meters are used to monitor the flow ratio of reflux liquid and makeup water, and combined with feedback control, automatic adjustment is achieved to ensure the stability and controllability of the process.

[0040] In specific applications, the methods and systems of this invention can be widely used for hard water softening in centralized water supply, industrial boiler feedwater, and food processing water, as well as for the removal of high-hardness ions from industrial wastewater and pretreatment in seawater desalination. Especially in scenarios with urgent needs for carbon emission reduction and carbon utilization, this technology not only replaces the traditional sodium salt regeneration model, avoiding the discharge of high-salinity wastewater, but also treats hardness ions as a resource, co-converting them with carbon dioxide into carbonate byproducts. The generated calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and other carbonate solids can be used as paper filling materials, plastic filling materials, or soil conditioners, realizing the resource utilization and economic value enhancement of byproducts.

[0041] Therefore, this invention constructs a closed-loop cycle of "water mineral separation and extraction—carbon dioxide regeneration—carbonate precipitation—recycling and reuse," forming a green process integrating water treatment and carbon dioxide utilization. Compared with traditional processes, this method not only significantly reduces chemical input and wastewater discharge, but also achieves stable carbon dioxide sequestration, reducing carbon emissions and providing an efficient and sustainable technical solution for achieving the "dual carbon" goal.

[0042] This invention proposes a stepwise technical solution that enables carbon dioxide utilization and simultaneous carbon sequestration. In this solution, carbon dioxide dissolves in water to generate carbonic acid, which serves as a regenerator for a weakly acidic cation exchange resin. This effectively replaces the traditional high-concentration sodium salt regenerator, maintaining good ion exchange performance while significantly reducing chemical input and high-salt wastewater discharge. This achieves a low-carbon transformation and green upgrade of traditional hard water treatment processes.

[0043] By optimizing the design of resin functional groups and operating parameters, this invention improves the selectivity and exchange efficiency for hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium, ensuring the long-term stability of the system. More importantly, the hardness ions released during resin regeneration can combine with carbonate ions to form stable carbonate precipitates, achieving simultaneous utilization and solidification of carbon dioxide. Thus, a circular pathway of "water mineral separation and extraction—carbon dioxide regeneration—carbonate precipitation—recycling" is constructed.

[0044] This recycling pathway not only effectively reduces carbon emissions and resource consumption, but also converts hardness ions in water into a usable resource. The resulting carbonate byproducts can be used in industrial applications such as papermaking, plastic filling, and soil improvement, possessing considerable economic value.

[0045] Therefore, this invention achieves water softening while also taking into account carbon emission reduction and resource utilization, providing an efficient, green, and scalable technical solution for environmentally sensitive areas and scenarios with high recycling needs.

[0046] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method and system for separating and extracting minerals from water using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration, characterized in that, include: (a) Mineral separation step: A weakly acidic cation exchange resin in the acidic form is packed into the adsorption unit, and the raw water containing mineral ions is treated by the adsorption unit. The carboxylic acid functional groups on the resin undergo reversible ion exchange with mineral ions such as calcium and magnesium, thereby realizing the extraction of mineral ions. (ii) Regenerant preparation steps: Under controlled carbon dioxide partial pressure conditions, carbon dioxide and water are mixed in a gas-liquid mixing unit to generate a carbonic acid solution; (III) Mineral Extraction Steps: The carbonic acid solution is passed into a pressure-resistant regeneration unit, and under sealed conditions, the carbonic acid solution... By replacing the hardness ions on the resin, resin regeneration is achieved and a product containing... and The regenerated solution; (iv) Carbon sequestration step: The regenerated liquid is subjected to controlled depressurization and / or heating, and a nucleating agent may be added to allow the hardness ions to combine with carbonate / bicarbonate ions to form carbonate precipitates, thereby achieving simultaneous carbon sequestration; (v) Water reuse step: The carbonate precipitate is collected by solid-liquid separation, and at least part of the supernatant is returned to the gas-liquid mixing unit as regeneration water to form a closed loop.

2. The method for separating and extracting water minerals using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral extraction step is carried out within the range of carbon dioxide partial pressure of 0.25–1.0 MPa. The pH of the solution during the extraction stage is controlled at 3–5, the system temperature is controlled at 5–30 °C, and the contact time between the liquid and the resin material is guaranteed to be more than 2 minutes. The flow rate can be controlled to ensure the contact time, so as to ensure sufficient replacement and take into account the carbon dioxide utilization efficiency.

3. The method for separating and extracting water minerals using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid mixing unit is one or a combination of a Venturi jet injector, a static mixer, or a nanobubble device, used to improve the mass transfer efficiency and solubility stability of carbon dioxide.

4. The method for separating and extracting water minerals using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weakly acidic cation exchange resin is a gel-type or macroporous resin containing carboxylic acid functional groups, and its particle size and degree of crosslinking are selected to balance exchange capacity and internal diffusion efficiency.

5. The method for separating and extracting water minerals using carbon dioxide and simultaneously performing carbon sequestration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon sequestration step includes a two-stage depressurization-degassing or depressurization-heating coupling method to trigger preferential crystallization of calcium carbonate, and the particle size and morphology of carbonate particles are controlled by adding calcium carbonate seed crystals or by using a turbulent stirring nucleation section and a laminar flow aging section in series.

6. An integrated system for separation, extraction, and carbon sequestration implementing any one of claims 1–5, characterized in that, include: A gas-liquid mixing unit is used to prepare carbonic acid solutions under controlled partial pressure. The pressure-resistant extraction unit is connected to the resin adsorption column and is used for resin regeneration and mineral extraction under closed conditions. The precipitation reaction and solid-liquid separation unit is used to trigger carbonate precipitation and achieve solid-liquid separation; A reflux and reuse unit is used to return the separated supernatant to the gas-liquid mixing unit; The process monitoring unit includes pH, temperature, and pressure detection devices for regulating carbon dioxide solubility and pH window.

7. The integrated separation-extraction-carbon sequestration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure-resistant regeneration unit includes a stainless steel regeneration tank, a resin column, and two pressure gauges. The valve configuration enables programmed switching of separation, extraction, replacement, and discharge, and is interlocked with the carbon dioxide supply of the gas-liquid mixing unit to prevent overpressure and liquid backflow.

8. The integrated separation-extraction-carbon sequestration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The precipitation reaction and solid-liquid separation unit includes: a reaction tank with a stirrer, a pressure reducing valve for gas release, a heating device for temperature control, and a sedimentation tank or membrane filtration assembly connected to the reaction tank, for realizing the crystallization and separation of carbonates.

9. The integrated separation-extraction-carbon sequestration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reflux reuse unit includes a circulation pump, a reflux pipeline, and control valves. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid mixing unit, and a flow regulating valve is provided on the reflux pipeline to control the reflux ratio of the supernatant after separation and ensure stable circulation operation.

10. The integrated separation-extraction-carbon sequestration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process monitoring unit further includes an online conductivity sensor and a flow meter. The conductivity sensor is used to monitor changes in ion concentration in the regenerated solution, and the flow meter is used to monitor the flow rates of the return liquid and makeup water, thereby achieving automatic control based on feedback.

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