Microemulsions comprising quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular for producing fabric softener formulations

Abstract

The present invention provides the use of specific microemulsions comprising quaternary ammonium compounds for the production of transparent fabric softener formulations with improved performance properties, as well as corresponding formulations and methods for the production thereof.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application No. 201880057906.3, filed on September 6, 2018, entitled “Microemulsion Containing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Specifically for the Production of Fabric Softener Formulations”.

[0002] A. Technical Field This invention provides the use of specific microemulsions containing quaternary ammonium compounds for the production of transparent fabric softener formulations with improved performance properties and storage stability, as well as the corresponding formulations and methods for their production.

[0003] B. Background Technology WO 2008155075 and WO 2008155073 describe a cosmetic formulation comprising (a) at least one surfactant selected from non-alkoxylated anionic, amphoteric, or amphoteric surfactants, (b) a microemulsion, and (c) at least one cationic polymer. A two-step process is necessary for the production of the microemulsion.

[0004] US2013 / 0012423 discloses a microemulsion comprising (a) at least one alkyl (oligo) glycoside, (b) at least one co-surfactant different from (a), (c) at least one water-insoluble organic oil, (d) at least one wax, and (e) water. The wax present in the microemulsion is solid at room temperature. Therefore, the microemulsion is also produced here in a two-step process, wherein, firstly, the oil phase must be heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the non-liquid components with all oil-soluble components. In the second step, the aqueous surfactant phase is then added.

[0005] EP 1715833 describes a microemulsion with an average particle size of 5-250 nm, comprising (a) 5-50 wt% of at least one specific alkyl- and / or alkenyl oligosaccharide carboxylate, (b) 5-50 wt% of an oil component and (c) 0-15 wt% of a mono- and / or polyfunctional alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, wherein the sum of components (a) and (b) accounts for 10 wt% to 55 wt% of the total composition.

[0006] DE 19755488 describes a microemulsion containing (a) 5% to 30% by weight of an oil body, (b) 5% to 80% by weight of anionic and / or nonionic emulsifiers and (c) 12% to 30% by weight of a polyol, provided that the amounts together with water reach 100% by weight.

[0007] DE 10 2011 078 382 A1 discloses a polysiloxane microemulsion containing quaternary ammonium groups, which can be used in washing and cleaning formulations and in fabric softeners. Quaternary polysiloxanes containing ammonium groups are non-biodegradable and highly viscous, therefore the microemulsions must be produced at high temperatures. In DE'382, an initially transparent microemulsion is mixed with an ester quaternary ammonium compound (REWOQUAT WE18) to obtain a fabric softener. This fabric softener is no longer transparent. The microemulsion is added to the fabric softener in only a very small amount and is a performance enhancer for REWOQUAT WE18. The microemulsion of DE'382 cannot be used as a fabric softener on its own; rather, it is a preliminary formulation used in the production of fabric softeners.

[0008] US 5,525,245 discloses a transparent fabric softener composed of microemulsions.

[0009] US 20040014627 discloses fabric softeners containing microemulsions as fragrances and oils, but these are opaque.

[0010] Several existing patents disclose transparent fabric softener formulations, where the cited problem of lack of transparency is the addition of fragrances. The proposed solution involves processing the fragrance with an auxiliary oil (WO1999025797) or a surfactant (EP1381664) to obtain a microemulsion, which is then incorporated into the fabric softener formulation containing an ester quaternary ammonium compound. These production methods are very expensive and inconvenient.

[0011] Existing methods for obtaining solutions are insufficient to produce transparent fabric softener formulations with commercially desirable performance properties, particularly regarding stability, softness, drying characteristics, viscosity, and fragrance retention.

[0012] The object of this invention is to overcome at least one disadvantage of the prior art. Other objects not explicitly mentioned will become apparent from the full context of the following description, embodiments, and claims.

[0013] C. Description of the Invention It has been discovered, surprisingly, that using microemulsions to produce fabric softener formulations, or even as fabric softener formulations, can solve the problems addressed by this invention, wherein the microemulsion comprises: A) At least one quaternary ammonium compound that does not contain organosilicon. B) At least one ester oil or mineral oil, C) At least one nonionic surfactant, preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol ethoxylates and glycerol-based surfactants. D) At least one non-aqueous solvent, preferably a glycol. E) Water.

[0014] One advantage of this invention is that the microemulsion is a practical fabric softener. In other words, it can be used on its own as a fabric softener formulation, but it can also be supplemented with other components to obtain alternative fabric softener formulations. In both cases, a transparent and storage-stable fabric softener formulation is obtained. The following has also been found through comparison with existing fabric softener formulations: - Improved softness in textiles, especially in textiles made from cotton materials. -Faster drying properties in washed textiles - Better spice retention - Improved storage stability of formulations.

[0015] Unbound by any particular theory, the inventors believe that by using the microemulsions and specific compositions thereof according to the present invention, it is possible to incorporate ester oils and mineral oils into fabric softener formulations that would otherwise be impossible to incorporate or dilute in solvents in pure form due to a lack of compatibility.

[0016] Another advantage of this invention is that the microemulsion is easy to process and incorporate into formulations due to its low viscosity. Simple stirring at low temperatures is sufficient, for example, not exceeding 25°C. This constitutes a significant advantage compared to existing fabric softeners in which the ester quaternary ammonium compound is typically used in dispersion form and for which the ester quaternary ammonium compound must first be melted.

[0017] Furthermore, the microemulsion according to the invention can be produced in a one-step process. The production of the oil and aqueous phases (which is conventional in the prior art, where the oil phase is produced at high temperatures) as a preliminary formulation can be omitted.

[0018] Another advantage of the present invention is that other highly hydrophobic oils (such as vegetable oils) can be freely selected and incorporated in proportion to obtain a transparent formulation, and thus can be formulated just as easily.

[0019] Another advantage of the microemulsions according to the invention is that they can be used to produce fabric softener formulations with suitable viscosity without the need to add additional thickeners.

[0020] Furthermore, all components used in the microemulsion according to the invention can be biodegradable.

[0021] Another advantage of the present invention is that the compositions according to the present invention do not require any preservatives.

[0022] Unless otherwise stated, all conditions such as pressure and temperature are standard conditions (20°C, 1 bar).

[0023] The term "fatty acid" in connection with this invention should be specifically understood to include succinic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, triacontanoic acid, undecenoic acid, tetradecenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, phellic acid, oleic acid, transoleic acid, isoleic acid, enoic acid, eicosenoic acid, cetylenoic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and calendulic acid. (acid), punicic acid, α-tung acid, β-tung acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, squalinoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, piperidinic acid, ricinoleic acid, particularly preferred are those with chain lengths of 6-24, preferably 6-22, especially those with 8-18 carbon atoms; this also applies to the carbon-based skeleton of the term "fatty alcohol" used in conjunction with the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages (%) given are by weight.

[0025] This invention provides a fabric softener formulation according to claim 1, a method for producing it according to claim 8, and use of the microemulsion according to the invention in the production of a fabric softener according to claim 10. Preferred embodiments are claimed in the dependent claims.

[0026] This invention specifically provides the use of microemulsions comprising the following components as fabric softener formulations or for the production of fabric softener formulations: A) At least one quaternary ammonium compound that does not contain organosilicon. B) At least one ester oil or mineral oil, C) At least one nonionic surfactant, preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol ethoxylates and glycerol-based surfactants. D) At least one non-aqueous solvent, preferably a glycol. E) Water.

[0027] The microemulsion according to the invention is a thermodynamically stable mixture of components A) to E) and optional other components.

[0028] The microemulsions preferred according to the present invention have a domain size of less than 1000 nm, particularly less than 500 nm, of the dispersed phase. The domain size is determined by means of scattering methods known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in P. Lindner and Th. Zemb, “Neutrons, X-Rays and Light: Scattering Methods Applied to Soft Condensed Matter”, Elsevier Science & Technology, November 2002, or O. Glatter and O. Kratky, “Small-angle X-ray Scattering”, Academic Press Inc, December 1982.

[0029] The preferred microemulsion of the present invention is characterized by the following components: A) The amount is from 1% to 40% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 25% by weight, and very preferably from 5% to 20% by weight. B) The amount is from 1% to 60% by weight, preferably from 2% to 50% by weight, particularly from 3% to 40% by weight, very particularly from 5% to 30% by weight, especially preferably from 5% to 25% by weight, very especially preferably from 5% to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 8% to 19% by weight. C) The amount is from 0.01% to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight, very particularly from 1% to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 1% to 10% by weight. D) The amount is from 1% to 50% by weight, preferably from 2% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 30% by weight, very particularly from 5% to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 5% to 15% by weight. E) The amount is from 10% to 80% by weight, preferably from 20% to 75% by weight, more preferably from 30% to 70% by weight, very particularly from 40% to 70% by weight, and most preferably from 50% to 70% by weight. The weight percentages are based on the total composition of the microemulsion and the amounts of each component A) through E) and optionally other components are selected such that they add up to 100% by weight of the microemulsion.

[0030] The component A) used may be a quaternary ester compound (quaternary ammonium ester compound), which may preferably be based on monoalkanolamine, dialkanolamine or trialkanolamine, more preferably monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine or monopropanolamine, dipropanolamine or tripropanolamine, more preferably quaternized fatty acid esters of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.

[0031] Component A) may also be an alkyl guanidine salt or an imidazoline salt. A preferred composition of the present invention is characterized in that A) is selected from ester quaternary ammonium compounds and imidazoline salts, particularly liquid ester quaternary ammonium compounds and liquid imidazoline salts.

[0032] In the context of this invention, the term "ester quaternary ammonium compound" should be understood to mean a compound containing a quaternary nitrogen atom and an ester bond in the cationic portion of an ion pair. This is preferably understood to mean a class of compounds having the general formula R 11 R 12 R 13 R 14 N + X - A surface-active quaternary ammonium compound, characterized in that R 11 To R 14 At least one of the groups has more than four carbon atoms and is bonded to the charged group via an ester bond C(O)O- or OC(O)-. Preferably, R 11 To R 14 One or more, but not all or all, of the groups are saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, which are optionally interrupted by oxygen or nitrogen atoms or carboxyl groups and optionally substituted. X - It is understood to mean any anion counteracting ion.

[0033] The compositions according to the invention are surface-neutral with respect to their charge because the charge of the ester quaternary ammonium compound is countered by the corresponding counterion X. - Neutralization. Suitable counterions according to the invention are all those capable of compensating for the charge of quaternary ammonium. Preferably, the counterion X- associated with the invention is selected from the group consisting of halide ions (especially chloride ions), sulfate, phosphate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, acetate, lactate, and citrate.

[0034] In the context of this invention, the term "liquid ester quaternary ammonium compound" is understood to mean an ester quaternary ammonium compound with a melting point of 40°C or lower, more preferably 25°C or lower, and very preferably 10°C or lower at 1 bar. If the ester quaternary ammonium compounds present in the composition are a mixture of ester quaternary ammonium compounds, the melting point refers to the melting point of the mixture of all ester quaternary ammonium compounds present in the formulation. This also applies to imidazoline salts.

[0035] Component A) comprises at least one organosilicon-free quaternary ammonium compound, but may also consist of a mixture of two or more organosilicon-free quaternary ammonium compounds. Organosilicon-containing quaternary ammonium compounds are environmentally unfavorable because they are non-biodegradable. Furthermore, when using them, it is necessary to produce an initial formulation due to their viscosity at high temperatures. Microemulsions primarily comprising organosilicon-containing quaternary ammonium compounds have a relatively small thickening effect. To obtain an aqueous formulation with a viscosity of 1500 mPas (Brookfield, 25°C), additional thickeners must be added. Therefore, the microemulsion according to the invention preferably comprises only 0% to 9% by weight, more preferably 0% to 5% by weight, even more preferably 0% to 2.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0% to 1% by weight, very particularly preferably 0% to 0.5% by weight, especially preferably 0% to 0.1% by weight, and most preferably contains no organosilicon-containing quaternary ammonium compounds.

[0036] The preferred composition of the present invention is characterized in that, A) Selected from the group consisting of preferred liquid ester quaternary ammonium compounds composed of quaternized fatty acid alkyl alcoholamine ester salts, more preferably selected from the group consisting of quaternized fatty acid ethanolamine ester salts and quaternized fatty acid isopropanolamine ester salts, and most preferably selected from the group consisting of quaternized fatty acid isopropanolamine or fatty acid ethanolamine ester salts based on dimethyl mono-isopropanolamine, methyl di-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine or dimethyl mono-ethanolamine, methyl di-ethanolamine or triethanolamine.

[0037] Particularly preferred microemulsions are characterized in that A) they are selected from the group consisting of liquid ester quaternary ammonium compounds, including Compounds of general formula (I) General Formula (I) Where R 1 It is an acyl group of a fatty acid containing one or more double bonds, such as two or three, and having a chain length of 18 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of isostearic acid or ricinoleic acid. Where R 2 It is H or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, more preferably methyl and H, and Where X -These are counterions with a positive charge on a quaternary nitrogen group, including doubly or triply negatively charged ions. Preferred are halide ions (especially chloride ions), sulfate, phosphate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, acetate, lactate, or citrate; more preferably, methyl sulfate or halide ions; and most preferably, methyl sulfate. Where a = 1 to 3 and b = 1 to 3, preferably a = 1.7 to 2.3 and b = 1.7 to 2.3. The condition is a + b = 4. If b > 1, then R 1 The functional groups can be the same or different.

[0038] The preferred ester quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (I) of the present invention is characterized in that at least one R 1 The acid is selected from the acyl group of an acid, which is derived from the group consisting of oleic acid, palmitic acid, transoleic acid, isoleic acid, enoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, cetearic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, calendula acid, punicic acid, α-tungsten acid, β-tungsten acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, squalene acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, with oleic acid being particularly preferred. According to the invention, mixtures using these carboxylic acids are also possible.

[0039] The preferred composition according to the invention comprises at least one compound of general formula (I), wherein a = 1.7 to 2.3 and b = 1.7 to 2.3, more preferably a = b = 2.

[0040] The composition particularly preferred according to the invention is characterized in that R 1 It is an acyl group of oleic acid, a=1.7 to 2.3, b=1.7 to 2.3, more preferably a=b=2.

[0041] Another particularly preferred microemulsion is characterized in that A) it is selected from the group consisting of liquid ester quaternary ammonium compounds including compounds of general formula (II). General Formula (II) Where R 1 It is an acyl group of a fatty acid containing one or more double bonds, such as two or three, and having a chain length of 18 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of isostearic acid or ricinoleic acid. Where R 2 It is H or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, more preferably H, and Where R 3 It is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl, more preferably propyl and ethyl, and very preferably ethyl. Where X - These are counterions with a positive charge on a quaternary nitrogen group, including ions with double or triple negative charges. Preferred are halide ions (especially chloride ions), sulfate, phosphate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, acetate, lactate, or citrate; more preferably, methyl sulfate or halide ions; and most preferably, methyl sulfate. Where a = 1 to 3, b = 1 to 3 and c = 1 to 3, preferably a = 1 or 2, b = 1 or 2 and c = 1 or 2, more preferably a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 1. The condition is a + b + c = 4. If b ≥ 1, then R 1 The functional groups can be the same or different.

[0042] The preferred ester quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (II) of the present invention is characterized in that at least one R 1 The acid is selected from the acyl group of an acid, which is derived from the group consisting of oleic acid, palmitic acid, transoleic acid, isoleic acid, enoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, cetearic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, calendula acid, punicic acid, α-tungsten acid, β-tungsten acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, squalene acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, with oleic acid being particularly preferred. According to the invention, mixtures using these carboxylic acids are also possible.

[0043] The composition particularly preferred according to the invention is characterized in that R 1 It is the acyl group of oleic acid, R 2 It is H, R 3 It is an ethyl group, and a = 1 to 3, b = 1 to 3 and c = 1 to 3, preferably a = 1 or 2, b = 1 or 2, c = 1 or 2, more preferably a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 1, provided that a + b + c = 4.

[0044] Preferably, as component A), the liquid imidazoline salt also present in the microemulsion according to the invention is a 1-alkylamidoimidazoline salt and a 1-alkoxyalkylimidazoline salt of general formulas (III) and (IV). General Formula (III) General Formula (IV) in R 1 It is an acyl group as defined in formula (I) or (II). R 3 It is an alkyl group that is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, optionally interrupted by oxygen atoms and having 1-30 carbon atoms, preferably having 1-3 double bonds. 16 -C 22 -alkyl, more preferably oleylene R 4 Each is independently hydrogen or alkyl, preferably butyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen, more preferably methyl or hydrogen. R 5 It is a divalent, saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain, branched or cyclic, optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having 2-6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by oxygen or nitrogen atoms or carboxyl groups, preferably ethylene. R 6 It is a hydrogen or optionally contains oxygen or nitrogen atoms and has 1-30 carbon atoms, preferably 1-12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1-4 carbon atoms, optionally branched, optionally unsaturated alkyl groups, particularly preferably ethyl or methyl. and X - As defined by equation (I) or (II).

[0045] The quaternary ammonium compounds described above, preferably and particularly preferably used as component A), contribute to the improved performance and production performance shown in the examples. More specifically, liquid quaternary ammonium compounds allow for the one-step production of microemulsions at low temperatures. Furthermore, the preferred and particularly preferred quaternary ammonium compounds make a particular contribution to the improved storage stability, transparency, and thickener properties of the microemulsions.

[0046] Component B) is an ester oil or mineral oil.

[0047] The terms "ester oil" or "mineral oil" used in connection with this invention are understood to mean water-immiscible solutions suitable for the production of fabric softener formulations. "Water-immiscible" in connection with this invention means that at room temperature, an oil-water mixture at an oil concentration of 0.5 vol% to 99.5 vol% (based on the total mixture) results in a visibly opaque mixture or the formation of two or more phases. Furthermore, ester oils or mineral oils of this invention are preferably characterized by having an interfacial tension >5 mN / m relative to water. Ester oils or mineral oils may be based, for example, on oleochemical or organosilicon chemistry.

[0048] Preferably, according to the present invention, the microemulsion according to the present invention comprises ester oils or mineral oils selected from the group consisting of: - Fatty acid esters, preferably esters of straight-chain fatty acids and straight-chain or branched-chain fatty alcohols, esters of branched-chain fatty acids and straight-chain or branched-chain fatty alcohols, esters of straight-chain fatty acids and unbranched or branched-chain polyhydroxy alcohols, esters of branched-chain fatty acids and unbranched or branched-chain polyhydroxy alcohols, esters of straight-chain fatty acids and unbranched or branched-chain alcohols, esters of branched-chain fatty acids and unbranched or branched-chain alcohols, and esters of alkyl hydroxycarboxylic acids and straight-chain or branched-chain fatty alcohols. - Monoglycerides, diglycerides, or triglycerides in liquid or solid form - Fatty alcohol esters, preferably esters of carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, or dicarboxylic acids with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols, unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, or unbranched or branched alcohols. - Straight-chain, cyclic, or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds. - Vegetable oil, - Carbonates with unbranched or branched alcohols, carbonates with unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, and carbonates with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols. - Ethers with or without alkoxy groups, -Silicone oil with or without organic modification - A mixture of the above oils in any ratio.

[0049] As mentioned above, when using silicone oil, it is necessary to produce a preliminary formulation before producing the microemulsion. Furthermore, excessive amounts can impair the transparency of the microemulsion. Therefore, according to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the microemulsion according to the invention contains only 0% to 9% by weight, more preferably 0% to 5% by weight, even more preferably 0% to 2.5% by weight, especially preferably 0% to 1% by weight, very particularly preferably 0% to 0.5% by weight, and particularly preferably 0% to 0.1% by weight. More specifically, it is also advantageous and therefore preferred that the microemulsion according to the invention does not contain any silicone-containing components (i.e., is silicone-free).

[0050] More preferably, the following is therefore presented as component B): -Esters of straight-chain and / or branched fatty acids with straight-chain and / or branched monohydroxy alcohols or polyhydroxy alcohols, more preferably fatty alcohols. - Monoglycerides, diglycerides, or triglycerides in liquid or solid form Esters of carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, or dicarboxylic acids with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols, unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, or unbranched or branched alcohols. - Straight-chain, cyclic, or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds. - Vegetable oils, carbonates with unbranched or branched alcohols, carbonates with unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, carbonates with straight or branched fatty alcohols, more preferably straight, cyclic or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds.

[0051] Most preferably, the following is presented: - Carbonates with unbranched or branched alcohols, carbonates with unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, carbonates with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols, more preferably straight-chain, cyclic, or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds. - Esters of straight-chain and / or branched fatty acids with straight-chain and / or branched monohydroxy alcohols or polyhydroxy alcohols.

[0052] According to the present invention, component C) is at least one nonionic surfactant.

[0053] Preferred nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of, and preferably from, the following: - Addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide to straight-chain fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, and alkylphenols. - Glyceryl monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their ethylene oxide addition products, as well as sorbitol monoesters and diesters. -alkyl monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides and their ethylene oxide addition products - Addition products of ethylene oxide to castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil -Based on linear, branched, unsaturated and / or saturated fatty acids, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (e.g., methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, dodecyl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g., cellulose), partial esters, monoalkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphates and trialkyl phosphates and mono-PEG-alkyl phosphates, di-PEG-alkyl phosphates and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and their salts, citrates (e.g., glyceryl stearate citrate, glyceryl oleate citrate and dilauryl citrate), and glyceryl caprylate, polyglyceryl caprylate and polyglyceryl decanoate, - Other alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formaldehydes, optionally partially oxidized alkyl oligoglycosides or alkenyl oligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkyl glucosamides, protein hydrolysates (especially wheat-based plant products), polyol fatty acid esters, glycol esters, polysorbate esters and amine oxides, And mixtures of these surfactants.

[0054] When nonionic surfactants contain polyethylene glycol ether chains, they can have a conventional homologue distribution, but a narrowed homologue distribution is preferred.

[0055] Another preferred nonionic surfactant for component C) is polyglycerol ester. The term "polyglycerol ester" in connection with this invention includes partial polyglycerol esters, and therefore includes compounds in which not all hydroxyl groups are esterified.

[0056] Preferably, according to the invention, the polyglycerol ester of component C is selected from those of general formula V. General formula V in n = 2 to 16, preferably 3 to 14, more preferably 4 to 11, and R 7 R 8 R 9 = Independently the same or different, and selected from H and saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched acyl groups having 4-36 carbon atoms and optionally containing at least one hydroxyl group, especially selected from acyl groups of natural fatty acids.

[0057] Polyglycerol esters of general formula V contain at least one acyl group per molecule.

[0058] R 7 H, R are preferred. 8 and R 9 The group is preferably H or an acyl group of a natural fatty acid. R 8 and R 9 It can also refer to mixtures of such acyl groups, especially industrial mixtures, such as coconut oil fatty acid fractions.

[0059] For R 8 and R 9 Particularly preferred are those based on all R in polyglycerol esters. 8 and R 9 Group, at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 75 mol% of acyl R 9 Selected from octanoyl, hexanoyl, and dodecanoyl.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will know that, due to its polymeric properties, the polyglycerol backbone present in general formula V is a random mixture of different compounds. Polyglycerol may have ether bonds formed between two major positions, one major position and one minor position, or two minor positions of the glycerol monomer. Therefore, the polyglycerol backbone typically consists not only of linearly linked glycerol units but may also contain branches and rings. For details, see, for example, “Original synthesis of linear, branched and cyclic oligoglycerol standards”, Cassel et al., J. Org. Chem., 2001, 875-896.

[0061] This type of structure is covered in the simplified general formula V in this regard.

[0062] The degree of polymerization n can be determined by determining the number of hydroxyl groups in the polyglycerol used to synthesize the esters of the present invention, wherein the average degree of polymerization n is related to the number of hydroxyl groups in the parent polyglycerol via the following equation: Where M = molar mass; OHN = number of hydroxyl groups in free polyglycerol.

[0063] Alternatively, the degree of polymerization n can also be determined by identifying the number of hydroxyl groups in the polyglycerol obtained after complete ester hydrolysis.

[0064] Suitable methods for determining the number of hydroxyl groups, especially those according to DGF CV 17a (53), Ph. Eur. 2.5.3 Method A and DIN 53240.

[0065] Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide to straight-chain fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, and alkylphenols.

[0066] The preferred microemulsion of the present invention is characterized in that a non-aqueous solvent is present as component D), which is selected from the group consisting of water-soluble additives, preferably the group consisting of water-soluble additives, such as those selected from fatty alcohols (such as ethanol, propanol or propane-1,3-diol), cyclic carbonates (such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, glyceryl carbonate), mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters (such as ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate), glycerol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, glycol ethers (e.g., DOWANOL). ® The group consists of polyols (names available from Dow Chemicals). Polyols considered herein can have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. Typical examples are: glycerol, alkylene glycols (e.g., ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol), and mixtures of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, butanediol, and these solvents.

[0067] Particularly preferred is that the non-aqueous solvent D) is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, butanediol and dipropylene glycol.

[0068] The microemulsions of the present invention can be advantageously used in the production of or as fabric softener formulations. Fabric softener formulations according to the invention are suitable for domestic, industrial, and institutional sectors. They improve, for example, the softness, dry stiffness, and electrostatic charge or drying properties of treated and / or cleaned articles. In these cases, the articles to be cleaned are preferably fabrics or fibers, especially fibers or textiles, specifically woven textiles, the surface of clothing, especially washed clothing worn close to the body (“underwear”), mats, or carpets.

[0069] The use according to the invention can be, for example, in the form of a method for producing fabric softener formulations according to the invention, characterized by the following method steps: 1) Provide a microemulsion according to the present invention, 2) Mix it with an aqueous phase, which preferably contains at least one preservative and / or at least one fragrance.

[0070] In the context of this invention, the term "preservative" is understood to mean a reagent that preserves the growth of microorganisms, particularly bacteria.

[0071] Therefore, the present invention also provides fabric softeners for use in homes and industries.

[0072] The preferred fabric softener formulations according to the invention for household, industrial and institutional applications, comprising at least one microemulsion according to the invention, are laundry detergents, garment care products, disinfecting laundry detergents, heavy-duty laundry detergents, light-duty laundry detergents, wool laundry detergents, fabric softeners and impregnating agents, particularly preferred laundry detergents, garment care products, heavy-duty laundry detergents, light-duty laundry detergents, wool laundry detergents, fabric softeners, impregnating agents, especially fabric softeners.

[0073] The fabric softener formulation according to the invention preferably contains 0.1% to 100% by weight of the microemulsion according to the invention, wherein the weight percentage is based on the whole formulation. The remaining up to 100% by weight preferably consists of water and / or at least one additive and / or auxiliary selected from the group consisting of emollients, viscosity modifiers, pearlescent additives, dyes, insect repellents, preservatives, fragrances, and defoamers. More specifically, the composition according to the invention may contain a total of 0.001% to 25% by weight, more preferably 0.01% to 15% by weight, of one or more different additives or auxiliaries.

[0074] The fragrance used can be any fragrance or fragrance mixture known to be suitable for use in fabric softeners from the prior art, preferably in the form of aromatic oils. Examples of fragrances or perfumes are disclosed in particular on page 4, lines 11-17 of DE 197 51 151 A1. More specifically, based on the total components of the composition, the composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 5% by weight of one or more fragrances.

[0075] The dye used can be any dye known to be suitable for fabric softeners in the prior art, preferably a water-soluble dye. An example of a suitable commercially available water-soluble dye is SANDOLAN. ® Walkblau NBL 150 (manufacturer: Clariant) and Sicovit ® Azorubin 85 E122 (manufacturer: BASF). More specifically, the compositions according to the invention may contain 0.001% to 0.1% by weight, more preferably 0.002% to 0.05% by weight, of one or more dyes.

[0076] As a viscosity modifier for reducing viscosity, fabric softener may include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or mixtures thereof, preferably calcium chloride, preferably in an amount of 0.05% to 2% by weight (based on the total composition of the composition).

[0077] As a viscosity modifier used to increase viscosity, water-based fabric softeners may include thickeners known to be suitable for the prior art, preferably polyurethane thickeners known from WO 2007 / 125005. An example of a suitable thickener is TEGO. ® Visco Plus 3030 (Manufacturer: Evonik Tego Chemie), Acusol ® 880 and 882 (manufacturer: Rohm & Haas), Rheovis ® CDE (Manufacturer: BASF), Rohagit ® KF 720 F (manufacturer: Evonik Röhm GmbH) and Polygel from Neochem GmbH ® K100.

[0078] The defoamer used can be any defoamer known to be suitable for fabric softeners from the prior art. An example of a suitable commercially available defoamer is Dow Corning. ® DB-110A and TEGO ® Antifoam ® 7001 XP. More specifically, the composition according to the invention may contain 0.0001% to 0.05% by weight, preferably 0.001% to 0.01% by weight, of one or more different defoamers.

[0079] As a preservative, fabric softener may contain known active bactericidal and / or fungicidal ingredients suitable for the prior art, preferably water-soluble active ingredients. Examples of suitable commercially available bactericides are methylparaben, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. Aqueous fabric softeners may also include oxidation inhibitors as preservatives. Examples of suitable commercial oxidation inhibitors are ascorbic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherol, and propyl gallate. More specifically, compositions according to the invention may contain 0.0001% to 0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.001% to 0.2% by weight, of one or more different preservatives. More specifically, the compositions according to the invention may contain 0.001% to 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.001% to 0.01% by weight, of one or more different oxidation inhibitors.

[0080] However, one or more of the above-mentioned additional components, preferably fragrances, emollients, or insect repellents, may also be incorporated into the microemulsion, i.e., become part of the microemulsion. Therefore, these components can exist as part of the microemulsion and / or as separate components in the fabric softener formulation of the present invention.

[0081] The amount of a particular additive is guided by its intended use.

[0082] Typical guide formulations for the corresponding applications are known prior art and are, for example, contained in the manuals of manufacturers of specific base materials and active ingredients. These existing formulations can generally be used unchanged. However, if necessary, desired modifications can be made without increasing complexity through simple experimentation for adaptation and optimization purposes.

[0083] The embodiments described below illustrate the invention by way of example, and are not intended to limit the invention (the scope of which is obvious from the entire specification and claims) to the embodiments specified in the examples.

[0084] D. Production examples of microemulsions: General instructions: To produce the microemulsion according to the invention, components A to F are stirred together at room temperature in the amounts specified in Tables 1 and 2 below without consuming much energy. All amounts described in the tables are based on a mass percentage of the total mass of the microemulsion. A transparent microemulsion is formed in all embodiments of the invention.

[0085] Use the following components: Component A (ester quaternary ammonium compound): -CARSPRAY 90 (di-oleoylcarboxyethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium methylsulfate, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as C90 -REWOQUAT WE 45 (Di-oleomethyl methyl sulfate / palmitoyl carboxyethyl hydroxyethyl methyl ammonium salt, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as WE 45 -REWOQUAT WE 3690-90 (Di-Oil-based / Imidazole Quaternary Ammonium Salt, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); abbreviated below as WE 3690-90 -CARSPRAY 800 (di-oleoyl ester quaternary ammonium compound, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as C800 -REWOQUAT CR 3099 (Dimethylammonium methyl sulfate, bis(isostearoyl / oleoisopropyl)dimethylammonium salt, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as CR 3099 Component B (ester oil): -REWOCARE DOC (Diethylhexyl carbonate, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); abbreviated as DOC below. -REWOCARE OT (Isooctylic Avocado Fatty Acids, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); abbreviated as OT below. 2-Ethylhexyl oleate; abbreviated as EthO - 2-Ethylhexyl stearate; abbreviated as EthSt below Component C (surfactant): -REWOPAL MPG 40 (Tetraethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as MPG 40 -TEGO Alkanol L4 (Lauryl Ether-4, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as L4 -Tegotens EC11 (terminated fatty alcohol ethoxide, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH); hereinafter abbreviated as EC11 Component D (solvent): -Butylethylene glycol; abbreviated as BG below -Diethylene glycol butyl ether; abbreviated as DEBE below - Glycol n-Butyl ether; abbreviated as PnB below Component E: -water Component F (optional additives): -Aromatic oils (TH Geyer Ingrediens GmbH@Co) Table 1:

[0086] Table 2:

[0087] E. Performance characteristics: The formulation components are named using English terminology, following generally accepted INCI nomenclature. All concentrations in the application examples are given as weight percentages.

[0088] E1. Transparency of fabric softener formulations All microemulsions in Examples 1 to 25 are transparent. Therefore, all microemulsions were diluted with water at a ratio of 1:1000 or 1:500 to simulate the production of fabric softener formulations. These dilutions showed very good stability even over several weeks. In the case of microemulsions 1 to 23, the diluted formulations were transparent. Therefore, the problem that this invention aims to solve—the ability to provide transparent fabric softener formulations and to produce these formulations at room temperature in a low-energy manner—has been solved.

[0089] In the case of microemulsions 24 and 25, the diluted formulation is cloudy. However, these microemulsions can be used in non-transparent or less diluted fabric softeners.

[0090] E2. Application Examples E2.1 Pretreatment of cotton fabrics It will have approximately 350 g / m 2 A cotton fleece fabric (WFK Test Fabric WFK 12 A) with a basis weight and dimensions of 80 cm x 50 cm was washed twice with a heavy-duty laundry detergent at 40°C, rinsed twice, spun, and air-dried on a single strand.

[0091] E2.2 Softness To determine the softening effect of microemulsions on textiles, cotton towels were treated with them.

[0092] Table 3: Composition of Fabric Softeners [weight %]

[0093] 1) Commercially available products from Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH E2.2.1 Treatment of cotton fabrics According to Table 3, each fabric softener is diluted with cold tap water to obtain a rinsing solution containing 0.025% by weight of the active substance for conditioning textiles, namely the microemulsion in W1 and Rewoquat WE 18 in C1, or, if unknown, in C2 and C3, based on the dried residue.

[0094] Soak a cotton towel in 2 liters of rinsing solution for 10 minutes. Ensure the towel is evenly wetted. Then, twirl the towel and hang it to dry on a single strand at room temperature. Cut the treated cotton towel into 10 identical pieces measuring 16 cm x 25 cm.

[0095] E.2.2 Softness Assessment To assess softness, a team of experienced testers comprised nine individuals who used a hand group test to evaluate anonymized hand samples from E 2.2.1. In this test, each tester received their own cotton towel. The assessment was conducted on a scale with intermediate integer values ​​ranging from 0 (hard and unpleasant sensation) to 5 (soft and pleasant sensation). To evaluate softness, the individual assessments were summed, meaning that a maximum softness value of 45 was possible with nine testers.

[0096] For hand samples, in addition, untreated samples without obvious markings (blank values) are always included.

[0097] The results of the softness evaluation are recorded in Table 4.

[0098] Table 4: Summary of Softness Results

[0099] Compared to commercially available transparent fabric softeners (C2), the transparent fabric softener formulation according to the present invention shows test results that are more than twice as good. The commercially available fabric softener in C3 shows better softness but is opaque. The fabric softener formulation in C1 shows comparable softness but is also opaque. Therefore, it is possible for the first time, according to the present invention, to produce a transparent fabric softener formulation with a softness comparable to that from non-transparent fabric softeners. However, this represents a significant technological advancement given that consumers prefer transparent fabric softeners.

[0100] To determine which quaternary structure yielded the best softness results, similar formulations were prepared with different quaternary ammonium salts and tested as described above.

[0101] Nine untrained group participants were invited to evaluate treated material samples from "good" to "poor". For this purpose, each participant was provided with cotton fabric treated with five different fabric softener formulations. The results were then summed to establish a sequence of samples. The formulation receiving the highest average rating was assigned a "1" as the softness rating, and the second-best formulation was assigned a "2" as the softness rating. All formulations were easily distinguishable from the blank value.

[0102] Table 5: Summary of Softness Results, 1 = Best, 4 = Worst

[0103] In summary, the softness results are 1 = optimal value and 4 = worst value. Therefore, the optimal results were achieved using the ester quaternary ammonium compound of formula IV in Example 14, followed by the microemulsion containing the ester quaternary ammonium compound of formula II in Example 20.

[0104] E2.3 Flavor Retention To determine the fragrance retention effect of fragrance-containing microemulsions on textiles, cotton towels were treated with them.

[0105] E2.3.1 Treatment of cotton fabrics The microemulsions from Examples 20 and 21 were each diluted with cold tap water to obtain a rinsing solution containing 0.025% by weight of the active material from the microemulsion for conditioning textiles. A cotton towel was immersed in 2 liters of the rinsing solution for 10 minutes. It should be ensured that the towel is evenly wetted by the rinsing solution. The towel was then twirled and hung to dry on a single strand at room temperature. The treated cotton towel was cut into 10 identical pieces measuring 16 cm × 25 cm.

[0106] E2.3.2 Evaluation of Flavor Retention To assess fragrance retention, a team of experienced testers comprised of 11 individuals used an odor panel test to evaluate anonymized odor samples from cotton fabrics treated with the microemulsion. In this test, each tester received their own cotton towel. Within an odor panel, the maximum value of two different towels was evaluated relative to each other. Evaluations were conducted on a possible scale from 1 (less intense) to 2 (more intense), with a midpoint integer value in the final total across all testers. To assess the odor, the individual evaluations were summed, meaning a maximum value of 22 was possible with 11 testers. Fragrance retention was evaluated 24 hours and 7 days after textile treatment.

[0107] The odor panel's assessment results are reported in Table 6.

[0108] Table 6: Summary of Flavor Retention Results

[0109] The results in Table 6 show that incorporating the flavoring directly into the microemulsion (Example 21) resulted in much better flavoring retention.

[0110] E2.4 quick-drying characteristics To determine the quick-drying effect of microemulsions on textiles, cotton towels were treated with them.

[0111] E2.4.1 Treatment of cotton fabrics Wash the terry cloth (WFK Test Fabric WFK 12 A) at 40°C with a commercially available liquid laundry detergent according to the recommended dosage, then dry it online. Cut the rectangular 80 g block into three pieces of approximately equal size and weigh them (mass 1). Then place these material blocks into a 1 L dispersion containing 250 ppm (in active form) of microemulsion for 5 minutes. Turn the material blocks over in the dispersion and leave them in the dispersion for another 5 minutes.

[0112] After a total of 10 minutes in the soaking bath, remove the material block and simultaneously spin it in a garment rotary dryer (from Thomas, model: 772 SEK 287) for 60 seconds, weigh it again (mass 2), and then dry it online overnight.

[0113] The difference (mass 2 - mass 1) corresponds to the amount of residual moisture remaining on the material after treatment with the appropriate formulation. This difference is based on the initial weight of the dried material, allowing the percentage of residual moisture content to be determined by (mass 2 - mass 1) / mass 1. In experiments, an untreated sample (blank) is always measured separately.

[0114] In order to use the least amount of energy in the subsequent drying of the material, the residual moisture content should be minimized (see “Water and Energy Consumption in Domestic Laundering Worldwide – A Review” Henk Gooijer and Rainer Stamminger, Tenside Surf. Det. 53 (2016) 5).

[0115] Table 7: Summary of Quick-Drying Characteristics

[0116] Table 7 shows that the fabric softener formulation according to the present invention has much better quick-drying properties than standard commercially available fabric softeners.

[0117] Properties of E2.5 as a thickener To test the thickening effect of the aqueous composition, microemulsion ME26 was produced as described below and compared with the microemulsion ME21 according to Example ME21 of DE 102011 078 382 A1.

[0118] Example ME26: Microemulsion according to the present invention: Mix 26.7% TEGOSOFT M (isopropyl myristate, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH), 13.3% VARISOFT EQ F 75 granules (70% distearyl ethyl hydroxyethyl methyl ammonium methyl sulfate; 30% cetearyl alcohol, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH), 24% dipropylene glycol, and 26.7% TEGOSOFT PC 41 (polyglycerol-4 decanoate, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH) in 9.3% water.

[0119] It forms a transparent microemulsion.

[0120] To evaluate the thickening capacity of aqueous formulations, the formulations specified in Table 8 were prepared and their viscosity was measured. Approximately 1% of the active ingredient was used in each case.

[0121] Table 8:

[0122] Formulations containing the microemulsion ME26 of the present invention exhibit much higher viscosity than formulations containing the microemulsion according to DE'382.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a microemulsion, wherein the following components A) to F) are stirred together at room temperature: A) At least one organosilicon-free quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of liquid ester quaternary ammonium compounds comprising compounds of general formula (I) and general formula (II), wherein the microemulsion comprises from 1% to 40% by weight of component A). X - General Formula (I) in R 1 It is an acyl group of a fatty acid containing one or more double bonds, such as two or three, and having a chain length of 18 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of isostearic acid or ricinoleic acid. R 2 It is H or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, more preferably methyl and H, and X - These are counterions with a positive charge on a quaternary nitrogen group, including ions with double or triple negative charges. Preferred are halide ions, especially chloride, sulfate, phosphate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, acetate, lactate, or citrate. More preferred are methyl sulfate or halide ions, with methyl sulfate being the most preferred. a = 1 to 3 and b = 1 to 3, preferably a = 1.7 to 2.3 and b = 1.7 to 2.

3. The condition is a + b = 4, where if b > 1, then R 1 The functional groups are the same or different; And among them General Formula (II) in R 1 It is an acyl group of a fatty acid containing one or more double bonds, such as two or three, and having a chain length of 18 to 24 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of isostearic acid or ricinoleic acid. R 2 It is H or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, more preferably H, and R 3 It is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl, more preferably propyl and ethyl, and very preferably ethyl. X - These are counterions with a positive charge on a quaternary nitrogen group, including ions with double or triple negative charges. Halogen ions are preferred, especially chloride, sulfate, phosphate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, acetate, lactate, or citrate ions. Methyl sulfate or halide ions are more preferred, with methyl sulfate being the most preferred. a = 1 to 3, b = 1 to 3 and c = 1 to 3, preferably a = 1 or 2, b = 1 or 2 and c = 1 or 2, more preferably a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 1. The condition is a + b + c = 4, where if b > 1, then R 1 The functional groups are the same or different; B) At least one ester oil or mineral oil, wherein the microemulsion comprises 1% to 60% by weight of component B). C) at least one nonionic surfactant, preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol ethoxylates and glycerol-based surfactants, wherein the microemulsion contains 0.01% to 50% by weight of component C). D) At least one non-aqueous solvent, preferably a glycol, wherein the microemulsion comprises 1% to 50% by weight of component D). E) Water, wherein the microemulsion comprises 10% to 80% by weight of component E). The weight percentages are based on the total composition of the microemulsion and the amounts of each component A) through E) and optionally other components are selected such that they add up to 100% by weight of the microemulsion.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microemulsion comprises the following components: A) The amount is from 1.5% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 25% by weight, and very preferably from 5% to 20% by weight. B) The amount is 2% to 50% by weight, particularly 3% to 40% by weight, very particularly 5% to 30% by weight, and most preferably 8% to 25% by weight. C) The amount is from 0.1% to 40% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight, very particularly from 1% to 20% by weight, and most preferably from 1% to 10% by weight. D) The amount is 2% to 40% by weight, more preferably 3% to 30% by weight, very particularly 5% to 20% by weight, and most preferably 5% to 15% by weight. E) The amount is 20% to 75% by weight, more preferably 30% to 70% by weight, very particularly 40% to 70% by weight, and most preferably 50% to 70% by weight. The weight percentages are based on the total composition of the microemulsion and the amounts of each component A) through E) and optionally other components are selected such that they add up to 100% by weight of the microemulsion.

3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Component b) is selected from the following groups: -Esters of straight-chain and / or branched fatty acids with straight-chain and / or branched monohydroxy alcohols or polyhydroxy alcohols, more preferably fatty alcohols. - Monoglycerides, diglycerides, or triglycerides in liquid or solid form Esters of carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, or dicarboxylic acids with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols, unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, or unbranched or branched alcohols. - Straight-chain, cyclic, or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds. - Vegetable oil, - Carbonates with unbranched or branched alcohols, carbonates with unbranched or branched polyhydroxy alcohols, carbonates with straight-chain or branched fatty alcohols, more preferably straight-chain, cyclic or branched hydrocarbons with or without substituents and with or without double bonds.

4. A microemulsion prepared by the method according to any one of the preceding claims.

5. A fabric softener formulation comprising the microemulsion according to claim 4.

6. A method for producing fabric softener formulations, comprising the following steps: 1) Provide the microemulsion according to claim 4, 2) Mix the microemulsion from step 1 with the aqueous phase.

7. The use of the microemulsion according to claim 4 in the production of fabric softener formulations or as a fabric softener formulation.

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