Intelligent drill bit and directional drilling method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intelligent drill bit and its directional drilling method, belong to drilling technical field.The present application aims to solve the technical problem that the cutting depth of drill bit is difficult to effectively control in prior art, to provide a kind of intelligent drill bit and its directional drilling method, including drill bit body, sensor component, cutting depth adjusting mechanism and drill bit azimuth adjusting mechanism;The cutting depth adjusting mechanism includes telescopic column and first telescopic amount adjusting piece, to adjust the distance between the end of telescopic column and cutting tooth;The drill bit azimuth adjusting mechanism includes backrest column and second telescopic amount adjusting piece, to adjust the moving direction of drill bit body.The present application can adjust cutting depth in real time according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of drill bit body by cutting depth adjusting mechanism, prolongs the service life of drill bit, reduces maintenance and replacement cost;Equipped with sensor component simultaneously, can detect reservoir boundary, so that the optimization of drilling path becomes possible, improves the efficient utilization of resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an intelligent drill bit and its directional drilling method, belonging to the field of drilling technology. Background Technology

[0002] Drilling operations are a crucial link in oil and gas exploration and development, and their efficiency and accuracy directly affect the cost and economic benefits of resource extraction. Traditional drilling methods mainly rely on experienced operators to guide the drilling process by monitoring basic engineering parameters such as drill string torque, drilling pressure, and drilling speed. However, with increasingly complex geological conditions and the growing demand for efficient and precise drilling, traditional drilling technologies face numerous challenges and limitations.

[0003] Traditional drilling technology has the following main problems in practical operation:

[0004] 1. Under long-term high-intensity operating conditions, traditional drilling methods are difficult to effectively control the cutting depth of the drill bit, which leads to accelerated drill bit wear, shortens the service life of the drill bit, and increases maintenance and replacement costs;

[0005] 2. Traditional methods typically monitor only a limited set of engineering parameters, such as drilling pressure and torque, lacking real-time detection and analysis of geological parameters (such as reservoir boundary locations). This single-parameter monitoring approach cannot fully reflect the complexities of the drilling process, limiting the optimization of the drilling path and the efficient utilization of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the difficulty in effectively controlling the cutting depth of the drill bit, which leads to increased drill bit wear, shortened drill bit service life, and lack of real-time detection and analysis of geological parameters, thereby providing an intelligent drill bit and its directional drilling method.

[0007] The technical solution provided by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: an intelligent drill bit, including a drill bit body, the drill bit body is provided with a plurality of blades, the blades are provided with a first blind hole and a plurality of cutting teeth, and the side wall of the drill bit body is provided with a second blind hole;

[0008] A sensor assembly, which is mounted on the drill bit body, is used to detect reservoir boundaries, detect the temperature, pressure and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, and obtain the orientation and real-time pose of the drill bit body.

[0009] A cutting depth adjustment mechanism includes a telescopic column and a first telescopic amount adjustment component. The telescopic column is slidably disposed in the first blind hole. The first telescopic amount adjustment component is used to drive the telescopic column to move in the first blind hole according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth.

[0010] The drill bit azimuth adjustment mechanism includes a back support column and a second telescopic adjustment component. The back support column is slidably disposed in the second blind hole. The second telescopic adjustment component drives the back support column to move in the second blind hole according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the sensor assembly includes a sound wave transmitter, a sound wave receiver, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, and a six-axis accelerometer.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the sensor assembly is located between two adjacent blades.

[0013] A further technical solution is that the second blind hole is perpendicular to the length direction of the drill bit body.

[0014] A further technical solution is that the first telescopic adjustment component includes a first protective shell, a first piston, a first liquid storage tank, a first liquid pump, and a first regulating valve. The first protective shell is fixed inside the inner cavity of the drill bit body. The first piston is slidably and sealed inside the first blind hole. The first piston is fixedly connected to the telescopic column. The first liquid storage tank is fixed inside the first protective shell. The inlet of the first liquid pump is connected to the first liquid storage tank. The two ends of the first regulating valve are respectively connected to the first blind hole and the outlet of the first liquid pump through a first connecting pipe.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the second telescopic adjustment component includes a second protective shell, a second piston, a second liquid storage tank, a second liquid pump, and a second regulating valve. The second protective shell is fixed inside the inner cavity of the drill bit body. The second piston is slidably and sealed inside the second blind hole. The second piston is fixedly connected to the telescopic column. The second liquid storage tank is fixed inside the second protective shell. The inlet of the second liquid pump is connected to the second liquid storage tank. The two ends of the second regulating valve are respectively connected to the second blind hole and the outlet of the second liquid pump through a second connecting pipe.

[0016] A further technical solution is that the intelligent drill bit also includes a power supply mechanism; the power supply mechanism includes an outer sleeve, a rotating sleeve, a fan blade, a power generation winding, at least one pair of permanent magnets, two slip rings, two brushes, a charging controller, and a power supply;

[0017] One end of the outer sleeve is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill bit body, and the rotating sleeve is coaxially and rotatably disposed inside the outer sleeve;

[0018] The fan blades are coaxially fixed inside the rotating sleeve and rotate together with the rotating sleeve.

[0019] The power generation winding is wound on the rotating sleeve; a pair of permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve and located on both sides of the rotating sleeve;

[0020] Both slip rings are fixed to the rotating sleeve and electrically connected to both ends of the power generation winding, respectively;

[0021] Both brushes are fixed inside the outer sleeve and abut against the two slip rings respectively;

[0022] The two brushes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the input terminal of the charging controller, respectively, and the output terminal of the charging controller is electrically connected to the input terminal of the power supply.

[0023] The power supply is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the first liquid pump, the first regulating valve, the second liquid pump, and the second regulating valve.

[0024] A guided drilling method using an intelligent drill bit specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Deploy smart drill bits into the drilling system;

[0026] S2. During the drilling process, the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly. The first telescopic adjustment component drives the telescopic column to move according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth.

[0027] S3. During the drilling process, the reservoir boundary is detected by the sensor assembly. The second telescopic adjustment component drives the back column to move according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body.

[0028] A further technical solution is that the specific process of step S2 includes the following steps:

[0029] S21. The temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly;

[0030] S22. Determine the adjusted cutting depth based on the current cutting depth, the temperature of the drill bit body, and the vibration amplitude. The specific formula is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula: The adjusted depth of cut. This represents the current cutting depth. This is the temperature regulation coefficient. For the target temperature, For actual temperature measurement, This is the vibration adjustment coefficient. For the target vibration amplitude, For actual measurement of vibration amplitude;

[0033] S23. Based on the current cutting depth and the adjusted cutting depth, the first telescopic adjustment component drives the telescopic column to move to the adjusted cutting depth.

[0034] A further technical solution is that the specific process of step S3 includes the following steps:

[0035] S31. Detect the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body using sensor components;

[0036] S32. Optimize the preset wellbore trajectory based on the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body to obtain the target wellbore trajectory;

[0037] S33. Use sensor components to obtain the real-time orientation and pose of the drill bit body and construct the actual wellbore trajectory;

[0038] S34. Based on the target wellbore trajectory and the actual wellbore trajectory, determine the adjusted azimuth angle of the drill bit body;

[0039] S35. According to the adjusted azimuth angle, when each backrest column rotates to the opposite angle of the azimuth angle, the second telescopic adjustment member drives the backrest column to extend and abut against the rock.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention, through a cutting depth adjustment mechanism, can adjust the cutting depth in real time according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body. This dynamic adjustment mechanism effectively reduces drill bit wear caused by improper cutting depth, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and reducing maintenance and replacement costs. Simultaneously, the intelligent drill bit of this invention is equipped with sensor components that can detect reservoir boundaries, monitor the temperature, pressure, and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, and acquire the drill bit's orientation and real-time pose. This real-time data provides comprehensive information support for the drilling process, making drilling path optimization possible and improving resource utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an intelligent drill bit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the intelligent drill bit after omitting the power supply mechanism;

[0043] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A top view of the intelligent drill bit in the image;

[0044] Figure 4 yes Figure 3Sectional view of section AA;

[0045] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first telescopic adjustment component;

[0046] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second telescopic adjustment component;

[0047] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent drill bit in the image;

[0048] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle.

[0049] The figure shows: 1-Drill bit body, 11-Cutter blade, 111-First blind hole, 12-Cutting teeth, 13-Second blind hole, 14-Receiving cavity, 15-Water hole, 2-Sensor assembly, 3-Cutting depth adjustment mechanism, 31-Telescopic column, 32-First telescopic adjustment component, 321-First protective shell, 322-First piston, 323-First liquid storage tank, 324-First liquid pump, 325-First regulating valve, 326-First connecting pipe, 4-Drill bit orientation adjustment mechanism, 41-Backrest column, 42-Second telescopic adjustment component, 421-Second protective shell, 422-Second piston, 423-Second liquid storage tank, 424-Second liquid pump, 425-Second regulating valve, 426-Second connecting pipe, 5-Power supply mechanism, 51-Outer sleeve, 52-Rotating sleeve, 53-Fan blade, 54-Generation winding, 55-Permanent magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0054] To address the technical problems in existing technologies, such as the difficulty in effectively controlling the cutting depth of drill bits, which leads to accelerated drill bit wear, shortened drill bit service life, and the lack of real-time detection and analysis of geological parameters, this invention integrates multiple sensors into the drill bit to achieve real-time monitoring and data fusion of geological and engineering parameters during the drilling process. This provides technical support for optimizing the drilling path and precisely controlling the drill bit status.

[0055] like Figures 1-6 As shown, an intelligent drill bit of the present invention includes a drill bit body 1 with a receiving cavity 14, a sensor assembly 2, a cutting depth adjustment mechanism 3, and a drill bit orientation adjustment mechanism 4; the drill bit body 1 is provided with a plurality of water holes 15 communicating with the receiving cavity 14.

[0056] The drill bit body 1 has a plurality of blades 11 at one end, each blade 11 having a plurality of cutting teeth 12. A first blind hole 111 is formed on the blade 11, and a second blind hole 13 perpendicular to the length direction of the drill bit body 1 is formed on the side wall of the drill bit body 1.

[0057] The sensor assembly 2 is mounted on the drill bit body 1 and located between two adjacent cutter wings 11. The sensor assembly 2 includes a sound wave transmitter, a sound wave receiver, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, and a six-axis accelerometer.

[0058] The acoustic wave transmitter is used to emit acoustic waves, the acoustic wave receiver is used to receive acoustic waves and determine the reservoir boundary based on the received acoustic wave information, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the drill bit body, the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the drill bit body, the vibration sensor is used to detect the amplitude of the drill bit body, and the six-axis accelerometer is used to detect the real-time orientation and pose of the drill bit body.

[0059] The cutting depth adjustment mechanism 3 includes at least one telescopic column 31 and a first telescopic amount adjustment component 32. The telescopic column 31 is slidably disposed in the first blind hole 111. The first telescopic amount adjustment component 32 drives the telescopic column 31 to move in the first blind hole 111 according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body 1, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column 31 and the cutting tooth 12.

[0060] The drill bit orientation adjustment mechanism 4 includes at least one back post 41 and a second telescopic adjustment member 42. The back post 41 is slidably disposed in the second blind hole 13. The second telescopic adjustment member 42 drives the back post 41 to move in the second blind hole 13 according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body 1.

[0061] In use, this invention deploys an intelligent drill bit into a drilling system. During drilling, the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body 1 are detected by the sensor assembly 2. The first telescopic adjustment component 32 drives the telescopic column 31 to move according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body 1, thereby adjusting the distance between the end of the telescopic column 31 and the cutting teeth 12. Simultaneously, the reservoir boundary is detected by the sensor assembly 2. The second telescopic adjustment component 42 drives the backing column 31 to move according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, thereby adjusting the direction of movement of the drill bit body 1.

[0062] The technical solution provided by this invention, through the cutting depth adjustment mechanism 3, can adjust the cutting depth in real time according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body. This dynamic adjustment mechanism effectively reduces drill bit wear caused by improper cutting depth, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and reducing maintenance and replacement costs. Simultaneously, the intelligent drill bit of this invention is equipped with a sensor assembly 2, which can detect reservoir boundaries, monitor the temperature, pressure, and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, and acquire the drill bit's orientation and real-time pose. This real-time data provides comprehensive information support for the drilling process, making drilling path optimization possible and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0063] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-5 The first telescopic adjustment member 32 includes a first protective shell 321, a first piston 322, a first liquid storage tank 323, a first liquid pump 324, and at least one first regulating valve 325;

[0064] The first protective shell 321 is fixed to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 14, and the first piston 322 is slidably disposed in the first blind hole 111. The cavity between the first piston 322 and the bottom of the first blind hole 111 is a first adjustable cavity with variable volume. The first piston 322 is fixedly connected to the telescopic column 31, so that the telescopic column 31 can be extended or retracted by the movement of the first piston 322.

[0065] The first liquid storage tank 323 is fixed inside the first protective shell 321 and is used to store the regulating liquid. The inlet of the first liquid pump 324 is connected to the first liquid storage tank 323 via a pipeline, and the outlet of the first liquid pump 324 is connected to one end of the first regulating valve 325. The other end of the first regulating valve 325 is connected to the first regulating chamber via the first connecting pipe 326, and is used to control the flow of regulating liquid into or out of the first regulating chamber, thereby adjusting the position of the first piston 322 and the telescopic column 31.

[0066] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 The second telescopic adjustment member 42 includes a second protective shell 421, a second piston 422, a second liquid storage tank 423, a second liquid pump 424, and at least one second regulating valve 425.

[0067] The second piston 422 is slidably disposed within the second blind hole 13, wherein the cavity between the second piston 422 and the bottom of the second blind hole 13 is a second adjustable cavity with variable volume. The second piston 422 is fixedly connected to the back post 41.

[0068] The second liquid storage tank 423 is fixed inside the second protective shell 421. The inlet of the second liquid pump 424 is connected to the second liquid storage tank 423, and the outlet of the second liquid pump 424 is connected to one end of the second regulating valve 425. The other end of the second regulating valve 425 is connected to the second regulating chamber via the second connecting pipe 426, and is used to control the flow of regulating liquid into or out of the second regulating chamber, thereby adjusting the position of the second piston 422 and the back post 41.

[0069] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 7-8 The intelligent drill bit also includes a power supply mechanism 5, which provides power to the sensor assembly 2, the first liquid pump 324, the first regulating valve 325, the second liquid pump 424, and the second regulating valve 425.

[0070] The power supply mechanism 5 includes an outer sleeve 51, a rotating sleeve 52, a fan blade 53, a power generation winding 54, a pair of permanent magnets 55, two slip rings, two brushes, a charging controller, and a power supply.

[0071] One end of the outer sleeve 51 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill bit body 1. The rotating sleeve 52 is coaxially and rotatably disposed within the outer sleeve 51. The fan blade 53 is coaxially fixed within the rotating sleeve 52 and rotates together with the rotating sleeve 52. The power generation winding 54 is wound on the rotating sleeve 52 and is used to generate electrical energy when the fan blade 53 rotates. A pair of permanent magnets 55 are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 51 and located on both sides of the rotating sleeve 52. The magnetic properties of the opposite sides of the pair of permanent magnets 55 are opposite, and they are used to cooperate with the power generation winding 54 to generate electrical energy.

[0072] Both slip rings are fixed to the rotating sleeve 52 and electrically connected to both ends of the power generation winding 54. Both brushes are fixed inside the outer sleeve 51 and abut against the two slip rings to conduct electrical energy generated by the power generation winding 54.

[0073] Two brushes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the input terminal of the charging controller, respectively. The output terminal of the charging controller is electrically connected to the input terminal of the power supply for storing electrical energy. The power supply is electrically connected to the sensor assembly 2, the first liquid pump 324, the first regulating valve 325, the second liquid pump 424, and the second regulating valve 425, providing them with power.

[0074] This invention also provides a guided drilling method using a smart drill bit, comprising:

[0075] S1. Deploy the smart drill bit into the drilling system;

[0076] S2. During the drilling process, the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly. The first telescopic adjustment component drives each of the telescopic columns to move according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth.

[0077] S21. The temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly;

[0078] S22. Determine the adjusted cutting depth based on the current cutting depth, the temperature of the drill bit body, and the vibration amplitude. The specific formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula: The adjusted depth of cut. This represents the current cutting depth. This is the temperature regulation coefficient. For the target temperature, For actual temperature measurement, This is the vibration adjustment coefficient. For the target vibration amplitude, For actual measurement of vibration amplitude;

[0081] This formula takes into account the effects of temperature and vibration on the cutting depth, and optimizes the drilling effect by adjusting the cutting depth.

[0082] S23. Based on the current cutting depth and the adjusted cutting depth, the first telescopic adjustment component drives the telescopic column to move to the adjusted cutting depth.

[0083] It should be noted that the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth is the cutting depth. This is because, during a single rock cutting operation (i.e., during a 360° rotation of the drill bit body), the entire drill bit body moves into the rock. When the telescopic column contacts the rock, it cannot cut the rock, thus preventing the drill bit body from penetrating further into the rock. This allows control over the single cutting depth of the drill bit body. In this application, all described cutting depths refer to the single cutting depth, i.e., the cutting depth of the rock during a 360° rotation of the drill bit body.

[0084] S3. During the drilling process, the reservoir boundary is detected by the sensor assembly. The second telescopic adjustment component drives each of the back columns to move according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body.

[0085] S31. Detect the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body using sensor components; wherein, the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body refers to the difference between the distance between the upper boundary of the reservoir and the drill bit body and the distance between the lower boundary of the reservoir and the drill bit body, and this difference can reflect the degree of centering of the drill bit relative to the reservoir boundary.

[0086] S32. Optimize the preset wellbore trajectory based on the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body to obtain the target wellbore trajectory; through wellbore trajectory optimization, make the target wellbore trajectory as close as possible to the middle of the reservoir, thereby improving the recovery rate;

[0087] S33. Use sensor components to obtain the real-time orientation and pose of the drill bit body and construct the actual wellbore trajectory;

[0088] S34. Based on the target wellbore trajectory and the actual wellbore trajectory, determine the adjusted azimuth angle of the drill bit body. ;

[0089] S35. Based on the adjusted azimuth angle When each back post rotates to the opposite angle of the azimuth angle (i.e. When the angle is +180°, the second telescopic adjustment element determines that the backrest extends and abuts against the rock.

[0090] In this way, each back post moves to At a +180° angle, they will extend and press against the rock surface, thus applying force to the rock surface. The reaction force in the direction causes the drill bit body to move along... The direction deviates, thus achieving directional drilling.

[0091] The technical solution provided by this invention allows for real-time adjustment of the cutting depth based on the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body through a cutting depth adjustment mechanism. This dynamic adjustment mechanism effectively reduces drill bit wear caused by improper cutting depth, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and reducing maintenance and replacement costs. Simultaneously, the intelligent drill bit of this invention is equipped with sensor components capable of detecting reservoir boundaries, monitoring the temperature, pressure, and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, and acquiring the drill bit's orientation and real-time pose. This real-time data provides comprehensive information support for the drilling process, enabling drilling path optimization and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0092] The above description is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed through the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guided drilling method using an intelligent drill bit, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Deploying a smart drill bit into a drilling system; The intelligent drill bit includes a drill bit body, which has a plurality of blades, a first blind hole and a plurality of cutting teeth, and a second blind hole on the side wall of the drill bit body. A sensor assembly, which is mounted on the drill bit body, is used to detect reservoir boundaries, detect the temperature, pressure and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, and obtain the orientation and real-time pose of the drill bit body. A cutting depth adjustment mechanism includes a telescopic column and a first telescopic amount adjustment component. The telescopic column is slidably disposed in the first blind hole. The first telescopic amount adjustment component is used to drive the telescopic column to move in the first blind hole according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth. The drill bit azimuth adjustment mechanism includes a back support column and a second telescopic adjustment component. The back support column is slidably disposed in the second blind hole. The second telescopic adjustment component drives the back support column to move in the second blind hole according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body. S2. During the drilling process, the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly. The first telescopic adjustment component drives the telescopic column to move according to the temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body, so as to adjust the distance between the end of the telescopic column and the cutting teeth. S21. The temperature and vibration amplitude of the drill bit body are detected by the sensor assembly; S22. Determine the adjusted cutting depth based on the current cutting depth, the temperature of the drill bit body, and the vibration amplitude. The specific formula is as follows: In the formula: The adjusted depth of cut. This represents the current cutting depth. This is the temperature regulation coefficient. For the target temperature, For actual temperature measurement, This is the vibration adjustment coefficient. For the target vibration amplitude, For actual measurement of vibration amplitude; S23. Based on the current cutting depth and the adjusted cutting depth, the first telescopic adjustment component drives the telescopic column to move to the adjusted cutting depth. S3. During the drilling process, the reservoir boundary is detected by the sensor assembly. The second telescopic adjustment component drives the back column to move according to the preset wellbore trajectory and the detected reservoir boundary, so as to adjust the moving direction of the drill bit body.

2. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor assembly includes a sound wave transmitter, a sound wave receiver, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, and a six-axis accelerometer.

3. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor assembly is located between two adjacent blades.

4. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second blind hole is perpendicular to the length direction of the drill bit body.

5. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first telescopic adjustment component includes a first protective shell, a first piston, a first liquid storage tank, a first liquid pump, and a first regulating valve. The first protective shell is fixed inside the inner cavity of the drill bit body. The first piston is slidably and sealed inside the first blind hole. The first piston is fixedly connected to the telescopic column. The first liquid storage tank is fixed inside the first protective shell. The inlet of the first liquid pump is connected to the first liquid storage tank. The two ends of the first regulating valve are respectively connected to the first blind hole and the outlet of the first liquid pump through a first connecting pipe.

6. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second telescopic adjustment component includes a second protective shell, a second piston, a second liquid storage tank, a second liquid pump, and a second regulating valve. The second protective shell is fixed inside the inner cavity of the drill bit body. The second piston is slidably and sealed inside the second blind hole. The second piston is fixedly connected to the telescopic column. The second liquid storage tank is fixed inside the second protective shell. The inlet of the second liquid pump is connected to the second liquid storage tank. The two ends of the second regulating valve are respectively connected to the second blind hole and the outlet of the second liquid pump through a second connecting pipe.

7. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent drill bit also includes a power supply mechanism; the power supply mechanism includes an outer sleeve, a rotating sleeve, a fan blade, a power generation winding, at least one pair of permanent magnets, two slip rings, two brushes, a charging controller, and a power supply; One end of the outer sleeve is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill bit body, and the rotating sleeve is coaxially and rotatably disposed inside the outer sleeve; The fan blades are coaxially fixed inside the rotating sleeve and rotate together with the rotating sleeve. The power generation winding is wound on the rotating sleeve; a pair of permanent magnets are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve and located on both sides of the rotating sleeve; Both slip rings are fixed to the rotating sleeve and electrically connected to both ends of the power generation winding, respectively; Both brushes are fixed inside the outer sleeve and abut against the two slip rings respectively; The two brushes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the input terminal of the charging controller, respectively, and the output terminal of the charging controller is electrically connected to the input terminal of the power supply. The power supply is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the first liquid pump, the first regulating valve, the second liquid pump, and the second regulating valve.

8. The guided drilling method for an intelligent drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Detect the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body using sensor components; S32. Optimize the preset wellbore trajectory based on the distance difference between the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir and the drill bit body to obtain the target wellbore trajectory; S33. Use sensor components to obtain the real-time orientation and pose of the drill bit body and construct the actual wellbore trajectory; S34. Based on the target wellbore trajectory and the actual wellbore trajectory, determine the adjusted azimuth angle of the drill bit body; S35. According to the adjusted azimuth angle, when each backrest column rotates to the opposite angle of the azimuth angle, the second telescopic adjustment member drives the backrest column to extend and abut against the rock.

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