Rapid directional measurement method for gyroscopic total station in tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of exploration, in particular to a rapid directional measurement method for a gyroscopic total station in a tunnel, which comprises the following steps: acquiring an initial value of an instrument constant; prisms are simultaneously erected at the two to-be-measured directional side control points to serve as rear view points; respectively erecting the gyroscopic total station at a position, close to the first control point or the second control point, between the to-be-measured lateral control points to carry out forward measurement or backward measurement, and obtaining observation data; obtaining a verification value of the instrument constant; determining a final instrument constant; calculating a meridian convergence angle at a to-be-measured orientation side control point; calculating a gyro azimuth angle of a to-be-measured orientation edge; and calculating a coordinate azimuth angle of the to-be-measured orientation edge. According to the method, the strategy of free station setting is flexibly adopted, the waiting time of the gyroscope orientation measurement operation in the tunnel is shortened through the mode of shortening the observation edge on the premise that the measurement precision is not lost, and the gyroscope orientation measurement efficiency in the environment with poor intervisibility in the tunnel is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of exploration technology, specifically to a rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station inside a tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of national infrastructure construction, especially the rapid development of large-scale transportation projects such as high-speed railways and urban subways, the demand for the construction of long tunnels is increasing. In tunnel construction, accurate orientation measurement is a key link to ensure the smooth completion of the tunnel and control construction errors. However, the complex internal environment of the tunnel, poor visibility conditions, and frequent cross-construction pose great challenges to the measurement work.

[0003] Traditional tunnel orientation surveying methods primarily rely on total stations for traverse surveying, obtaining the azimuth between control points through multiple rounds and backtracking. However, in long tunnels, limited visibility necessitates that surveyors wait for tunnel construction to cease and ensure adequate visibility before commencing work. This significantly impacts construction progress and increases the difficulty and risk of the surveying work. Gyro total stations, capable of automatically finding north without external reference, offer significant advantages in tunnel surveying. However, existing gyro total station orientation surveying methods still have limitations in handling poor visibility conditions within tunnels. Specifically, conventional methods require setting up the gyro total station at a known point and backsighting... Setting up a prism and obtaining the azimuth between control points through multiple measurements is also constrained by the visibility conditions inside the tunnel, resulting in low measurement efficiency. To improve measurement accuracy, existing technologies often use methods such as increasing the number of measurements and extending the observation time, but this undoubtedly further reduces measurement efficiency. In tunnel construction, time is cost, and how to improve measurement efficiency while ensuring measurement accuracy has become an urgent problem to be solved. Inside the tunnel, the reading accuracy of the total station is severely affected by environmental factors such as water vapor and dust, and may even fail to read normally. In addition, there are many overlapping construction projects inside the tunnel, and measurement points may be occupied or damaged, further increasing the difficulty and uncertainty of the measurement.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, although some improved methods have been proposed, such as "A Method for Measuring Magnetic Declination by Combining a Gyro Total Station and a Geomagnetic Theodolite" (Publication No.: CN120610325A), which combines a gyro total station and a geomagnetic theodolite for magnetic declination measurement; "A High-Precision Gyro Orientation Measurement Method" (Publication No.: CN119124089A), which introduces the usage process and data calculation method of a gyro total station in tunnel traverse surveying; and "A Method for Testing the Orientation Accuracy of a Gyro Total Station" (Publication No.: CN111220180B), which introduces a method for testing the orientation accuracy of a gyro total station, these methods still have limitations in application under poor visibility conditions inside tunnels and cannot effectively resolve the contradiction between measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0005] Given the limited research on improving the orientation measurement efficiency of gyro total stations in tunnels, and the numerous shortcomings of existing methods in practical applications, this invention proposes a rapid orientation measurement method for gyro total stations in tunnels. This method aims to effectively improve the orientation measurement efficiency of gyro total stations in environments with poor visibility, without sacrificing measurement accuracy, by flexibly adopting a free station setup strategy and shortening the observation side. This addresses the bottleneck issues in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station in tunnels. This method flexibly employs a free station setup strategy and reduces the waiting time for gyro orientation measurement operations in tunnels without sacrificing measurement accuracy by shortening the observation side, thus effectively improving the efficiency of gyro orientation measurement in environments with poor visibility inside tunnels.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station inside a tunnel includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Perform gyro total station measurements at known control points outside the tunnel to obtain the initial values ​​of the instrument constants;

[0010] Step 2: Select a control point for the direction to be measured inside the tunnel;

[0011] Step 3: Simultaneously set up prisms as backsight points at the two control points to be measured along the directional sides;

[0012] Step 4: Set up the gyro total station near the first control point between the control points to be measured, and perform forward measurements to obtain observation data;

[0013] Step 5: Set up the gyro total station near the second control point between the control points of the direction to be measured, and perform back-measurement to obtain observation data;

[0014] Step Six: Conduct a second gyro total station measurement at the known control points outside the tunnel to obtain the verification value of the instrument constant;

[0015] Step 7: Take the average of the initial and verified values ​​of the instrument constant to determine the final instrument constant;

[0016] Step 8: Based on the coordinate results of the control points to be determined obtained from the tunnel traverse survey, calculate the meridian convergence angle at the control points to be determined.

[0017] Step 9: Calculate the azimuth angle of the gyroscope on the side to be measured based on the observation data from Steps 4 and 5.

[0018] Step 10: Combine the data from Steps 7, 8, and 9 to calculate the coordinate azimuth of the side to be measured.

[0019] Furthermore, in steps one and six, the meridian convergence angle at the station is calculated using the known coordinate parameters of the control points, and the instrument constant of the gyro total station is calculated based on the meridian convergence angle and the known coordinate parameters of the control points.

[0020] Furthermore, the initial values ​​of the instrument constants are calculated using the following formula:

[0021] ;

[0022] In the formula: β is the instrument constant;

[0023] The coordinate azimuth angle is calculated from the known results of the control points, ″;

[0024] The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″;

[0025] γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″.

[0026] Optionally, the meridian convergence angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0027] ;

[0028] In the formula: γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0029] y represents the distance from the station to the central meridian, in meters (m).

[0030] N is the radius of curvature of the reference ellipsoid's prime and maxima, in meters;

[0031] ρ is a constant, with a value of 206265″;

[0032] The latitude of the measuring station;

[0033] l represents the longitude difference between the measuring station and the central meridian, ″.

[0034] Optionally, the meridian convergence angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0035] ;

[0036] ;

[0037] In the formula: γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0038] The latitude of the measuring station;

[0039] l represents the longitude difference between the measuring station and the central meridian, ″;

[0040] e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid; These are intermediate calculation constants.

[0041] Furthermore, the observation data in steps four and five include: the horizontal distance and the horizontal angle between the gyro total station setup point and the control point to be measured.

[0042] Furthermore, in step nine, based on the horizontal distance and horizontal angle data between the erection point and the control point of the direction to be measured obtained by the total station of the gyroscope, the horizontal distance and related horizontal angle of the direction to be measured are calculated; then, combined with the gyroscope orientation observation values ​​of the forward and backward measurements, the gyroscope azimuth angle of the direction to be measured is calculated from the clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively through the related horizontal angles.

[0043] Furthermore, in step ten, the coordinate azimuth angle of the side to be determined is calculated using the following formula:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula: The coordinate azimuth angle is calculated from the known results of the control points, ″;

[0046] The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″;

[0047] γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0048] β is the instrument constant.

[0049] Furthermore, in step ten, the coordinate azimuth of the side to be measured is calculated and compared with the azimuth between the control points of the side to be measured obtained by the traverse survey to verify whether the accuracy of the tunnel traverse survey meets the requirements.

[0050] Furthermore, in step one, when conducting gyro total station measurements at known control points outside the tunnel, at least three rounds of valid data observation are required.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0052] 1. The present invention discloses a rapid orientation measurement method for gyro total station in tunnels. This rapid orientation measurement method for gyro total station in tunnels adopts a flexible strategy of free station setting, setting up the gyro total station at an appropriate position between the control points to be measured for forward and backward measurements. This avoids the requirement of waiting for tunnel construction to stop and ensuring line of sight in traditional methods, thereby significantly improving the orientation measurement efficiency of gyro total station in tunnels.

[0053] 2. The rapid orientation measurement method of gyro total station in tunnel disclosed in this invention, without sacrificing measurement accuracy, ensures high accuracy of orientation measurement of gyro total station in tunnel by shortening the observation side, combined with accurate instrument constant calculation and meridian convergence angle correction, and effectively reduces tunnel breakthrough error.

[0054] 3. The rapid orientation measurement method of gyro total station in tunnel disclosed in this invention is designed for complex environments such as poor visibility and high levels of moisture and dust inside tunnels. It eliminates the need for long waiting periods for ventilation to improve visibility and enables rapid completion of measurement work during construction breaks, thus meeting the special needs of tunnel construction.

[0055] 4. The rapid orientation measurement method of gyro total station in tunnel disclosed in this invention reduces the interference of measurement operations on tunnel construction through a free station setting strategy, avoids long-term work stoppages caused by measurement operations, and is conducive to the continuity and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0056] 5. The rapid orientation measurement method of gyro total station in tunnel disclosed in this invention allows for the arbitrary selection of control points to be measured inside the tunnel, and the flexible setting up of gyro total station between these points for measurement, which greatly enhances the flexibility and adaptability of measurement operations. It is especially suitable for situations where it is difficult to set up gyro total station at control points, such as points located at the top of the tunnel or mountain tops, which are difficult to reach.

[0057] 6. The rapid orientation measurement method of gyro total station in tunnel disclosed in this invention simplifies the operation process of orientation measurement of gyro total station in tunnel through standardized operation procedures and calculation formulas, reduces the requirements for the professional skills of surveyors, and improves the operability and popularization of surveying operations.

[0058] 7. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station in a tunnel disclosed in this invention calculates the coordinate azimuth of the orientation side to be measured and compares it with the azimuth obtained from the traverse survey, thereby verifying in real time whether the accuracy of the tunnel traverse survey meets the requirements and providing reliable measurement assurance for tunnel construction.

[0059] 8. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station in a tunnel disclosed in this invention improves measurement efficiency and reduces construction interference, thereby shortening the tunnel construction cycle, reducing construction costs, and improving overall economic benefits; at the same time, it eliminates the need to purchase additional expensive measurement equipment, further saving project costs. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of step four of the rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of step five of the rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by associated similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of this application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to this application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of this application with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0064] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are only for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a necessary order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.

[0065] To address the shortcomings of existing gyro total stations in tunnels with poor visibility, which result in low measurement efficiency, this invention provides a rapid orientation measurement method for gyro total stations in tunnels. This method flexibly adopts a free station setup strategy and effectively improves the gyro orientation measurement efficiency in tunnels with poor visibility by shortening the observation side, without sacrificing measurement accuracy.

[0066] When visibility is poor inside the tunnel, and given the long distance between traverse points (over 300 meters), the total station may not be able to take normal readings, or the traverse points may be located in places where it is difficult to set up the instrument, such as on the tunnel sidewall, a strategy of free station setting can be adopted. The gyro total station can be set up in the area between the traverse points. On the one hand, this shortens the time for instrument setup and centering and leveling. On the other hand, by shortening the distance measurement, it can ensure that the total station can operate normally under poor visibility conditions. This eliminates the waiting time for operations inside the tunnel and greatly improves the efficiency of gyro total station orientation measurement operations inside the tunnel.

[0067] Using a free station setting strategy, the remaining parameters are calculated using trigonometric functions based on the measured lengths of two sides and one included angle of the triangle. The process is simple and easy to operate, and data processing is convenient.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps of this method include:

[0069] Step 1: Based on the site conditions, set up a gyro total station at a known control point outside the tunnel. After centering and leveling, complete operations such as finding north with the gyro total station and measuring the azimuth angle by aiming at another known control point. Obtain the gyro azimuth angle between the two known control points (at least 3 valid data sets). Calculate the meridian convergence angle at the station location using the known coordinates of the control points (Formula 1 or 2 below).

[0070] (Equation 1)

[0071] (Equation 2)

[0072] In the formula: γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0073] y represents the y-coordinate of the station (distance to the central meridian), in meters (m).

[0074] N is the radius of curvature of the reference ellipsoid's prime and maxima, in meters;

[0075] ρ is a constant, with a value of 206265″;

[0076] The latitude of the measuring station;

[0077] l represents the longitude difference between the measuring station and the central meridian, ″;

[0078] (Equation 3)

[0079] e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid; These are intermediate calculation constants.

[0080] Furthermore, the coordinate azimuth angles between control points are calculated by combining the known coordinates of the control points, and the instrument constant of the gyro total station before entering the tunnel is calculated, as shown in Formula 4 below:

[0081] (Equation 4)

[0082] In the formula: β is the instrument constant;

[0083] The coordinate azimuth angle is calculated from the known results of the control points, ″;

[0084] The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″;

[0085] γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0086] Step 2: Based on the construction conditions inside the tunnel, select a pair of control points M and N inside the tunnel as the directional sides to be measured. Typically, a gyro total station orientation measurement is performed every 2km to verify the accuracy of the traverse measurement results inside the tunnel.

[0087] Step 3: Construction was suspended inside the tunnel, but the moisture and dust inside had not completely dissipated. The distance between a pair of traverse points was about 300 meters. Since the conventional method of setting up the station for measurement was used, the gyro total station could not take readings under poor visibility conditions. Therefore, a free stationing strategy was adopted, and prisms were set up at the control points M and N to be measured at the same time as backsight points.

[0088] Step 4: Set up the gyro total station at point O, close to point M, between control points M and N. Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal distances b and c between MO and NO, as well as the angle A between the measured sides MO and NO, were obtained by actual measurement to complete the forward measurement.

[0089] Step 5: Set up the gyro total station at point O, close to point N, between control points M and N, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal distances b and c between MO and NO, as well as the angle A between the measured sides MO and NO, were obtained by actual measurement to complete the back measurement.

[0090] Step Six: Similar to Step One, set up a station at a known control point outside the tunnel for measurement, and calculate the meridian convergence angle at the station using the known coordinates of the control point, thereby obtaining the instrument constant of the gyro total station after the tunnel operation is completed;

[0091] Step 7: Take the average of the two instrument constants obtained in Step 1 and Step 6 as the final instrument constant, which is used to calculate the azimuth angle of the undetermined side gyroscope inside the tunnel.

[0092] Step 8: Based on the coordinates of points M and N obtained from the tunnel traverse survey, calculate the meridian convergence angle at points M and N;

[0093] Step 9: Based on the horizontal distances b and c and the horizontal angle A obtained from the gyro total station, calculate the horizontal distance a, the horizontal angle B, and the horizontal angle C between the control points MN;

[0094] Based on the gyroscope orientation observations of sides MO and NO measured in both directions, and combined with the horizontal angles B and C, the azimuth angle of the gyroscope on the side MN (i.e., side a) can be calculated from the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively, as shown in Equations 3-7 below:

[0095] (Equation 5)

[0096] (Equation 6)

[0097] (Equation 7)

[0098] (Equation 8)

[0099] (Equation 9)

[0100] Where: N a The azimuth angle of the gyroscope between control points M and N;

[0101] N b The measured gyro azimuth angle between station O and traverse control point M;

[0102] N c The measured gyro azimuth angle between station O and traverse control point N;

[0103] Step 10: Combine the final instrument constant, the meridian convergence angle at control points M and N, and the azimuth angle of the gyroscope between control points M and N (i.e., Na in step 9) to calculate the final coordinate azimuth angle between MN (as shown in Equation 10), and compare it with the azimuth angle between control points M and N obtained by the traverse measurement to verify whether the accuracy of the tunnel traverse measurement meets the requirements.

[0104] (Equation 10)

[0105] In the formula: The coordinate azimuth angle is calculated from the known results of the control points, ″;

[0106] The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″;

[0107] γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″;

[0108] β is the instrument constant.

[0109] The difference i between the azimuth angle of the direction to be measured and the azimuth angle of the control point of the direction to be measured obtained by the traverse survey is used to verify whether the accuracy of the tunnel traverse survey meets the requirements. For specific indicators, please refer to the "Technical Specification for Gyroscope Orientation Measurement" (T / CSGPC 032-2024).

[0110] (Equation 11)

[0111] In the formula: i is the difference between the coordinate azimuth of the side to be measured and the azimuth of the control point of the side to be measured obtained by traverse measurement.

[0112] Using the above-described process, a rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station inside a tunnel was applied to a high-speed railway tunnel traverse result verification project. Under the poor visibility conditions of high humidity and dust levels inside the tunnel, conventional total station methods often fail to provide readings. This method allows the gyro total station to be freely set up in the middle area of ​​the traverse points to complete the measurement work, significantly reducing waiting time and construction coordination, and effectively improving the efficiency of orientation measurement using a gyro total station inside the tunnel. This method can also be applied to situations where it is impossible to set up a gyro total station at control points, such as points located at the top of the tunnel or on mountain peaks—areas that are difficult to access.

[0113] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0114] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A rapid orientation measurement method using a gyro total station in a tunnel, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Perform gyro total station measurements at known control points outside the tunnel to obtain the initial values ​​of the instrument constants; Step 2: Select a control point for the direction to be measured inside the tunnel; Step 3: Simultaneously set up prisms as backsight points at the two control points to be measured along the directional sides; Step 4: Set up the gyro total station near the first control point between the control points to be measured, and perform forward measurements to obtain observation data; Step 5: Set up the gyro total station near the second control point between the control points of the direction to be measured, and perform back-measurement to obtain observation data; Step Six: Conduct a second gyro total station measurement at the known control points outside the tunnel to obtain the verification value of the instrument constant; Step 7: Take the average of the initial and verified values ​​of the instrument constants to determine the final instrument constants; Step 8: Based on the coordinate results of the control points to be determined obtained from the tunnel traverse survey, calculate the meridian convergence angle at the control points to be determined. Step 9: Calculate the azimuth angle of the gyroscope on the side to be measured based on the observation data from Steps 4 and 5. Step 10: Combine the data from Steps 7, 8, and 9 to calculate the coordinate azimuth of the side to be measured.

2. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In steps one and six, the meridian convergence angle at the station is calculated using the known coordinate parameters of the control points, and the instrument constant of the gyro total station is calculated based on the meridian convergence angle and the known coordinate parameters of the control points.

3. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The initial values ​​of the instrument constants are calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: β is the instrument constant; The azimuth angle is the coordinate angle calculated from the known results of the control points, ″; The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″; γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″.

4. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The meridian convergence angle is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″; y represents the distance from the station to the central meridian, in meters (m). N is the radius of curvature of the reference ellipsoid's prime and maxima, in meters; ρ is a constant, with a value of 206265″; The latitude of the measuring station; l represents the longitude difference between the measuring station and the central meridian, ″.

5. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The meridian convergence angle is calculated using the following formula: ； ； In the formula: γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″; The latitude of the measuring station; l represents the longitude difference between the measuring station and the central meridian, ″; e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid; These are intermediate calculation constants.

6. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The observation data in steps four and five include the horizontal distance and horizontal angle between the gyro total station setup point and the control point to be measured.

7. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step nine, based on the horizontal distance and horizontal angle data between the erection point and the control point of the direction to be measured obtained by the total station of the gyroscope, the horizontal distance and related horizontal angle of the direction to be measured are calculated; then, combined with the gyroscope orientation observation values ​​of the forward and backward measurements, the gyroscope azimuth angle of the direction to be measured is calculated from the clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively through the related horizontal angles.

8. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step ten, the coordinate azimuth angle of the side to be determined is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: The azimuth angle is the coordinate angle calculated from the known results of the control points, ″; The azimuth angle between control points is the angle measured by a gyro total station, ″; γ is the meridian convergence angle, ″; β is the instrument constant.

9. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step ten, the coordinate azimuth of the side to be measured is calculated and compared with the azimuth between the control points of the side to be measured obtained by traverse surveying to verify whether the accuracy of the tunnel traverse surveying meets the requirements.

10. The rapid orientation measurement method using a gyroscope total station in a tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, when conducting gyro total station measurements at known control points outside the tunnel, at least three rounds of valid data observation are required.

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