Rock mass property single-hole sound wave and press-in sounding combined measuring device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a rock mass property single-hole sound wave and press-in sounding combined measuring device and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of rock soil and rock mechanics testing, the device comprises a sound wave detection device and a press-in sounding device, the sound wave detection device analyzes medium properties mainly by measuring propagation characteristics of sound waves in underground media, and the press-in sounding device analyzes the medium properties mainly by measuring the propagation characteristics of the sound waves in the underground media. Judging whether a shallow layer crack exists or not; the press-in sounding device can press the sounding teeth into a hole wall rock mass to obtain mechanical parameters of the rock mass, the shapes of the sounding teeth can be changed according to different use scenes so as to form different indentations, and the drilling hole wall can be sheared by the sounding teeth through the guide rod stretching measurement device. According to the device, in-situ rock mass parameters are directly obtained in a lossless or micro-damage mode, the influences of sampling disturbance, the scale effect and environmental factors are overcome, the compression resistance and shear resistance of the rock mass can be evaluated at the same time, and multiple rock mass mechanical behavior testing requirements are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geotechnical and rock mechanics testing, and particularly provides a rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and penetration sounding combined measurement device and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of mineral resource exploration, geotechnical engineering investigation, tunnel and underground engineering construction, etc., the integrity evaluation and mechanical parameter acquisition of rock mass are the core basis for guiding engineering design, construction safety control and stability analysis, and the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement results directly determine the scientificity and economy of the engineering scheme. At present, the in-situ measurement techniques for rock mass properties mainly include two categories: one is the non-destructive detection technique based on the acoustic wave propagation characteristics, and the other is the penetration sounding test technique based on mechanical loading. Both techniques have significant limitations in practical application and are difficult to meet the demand for rapid and accurate evaluation of comprehensive performance of rock mass in complex engineering scenarios.

[0003] Specifically, the acoustic wave detection technique is a common means for rock mass integrity detection. Its principle is to emit and receive acoustic wave signals in the borehole, and to determine whether there are defects such as cracks and holes in the rock mass by using the differences in the propagation speed, amplitude attenuation and waveform distortion of acoustic waves in different integrity rock masses, and then to divide the integrity grade of rock mass. This technique has the advantages of non-destructive, wide detection range and relatively simple operation, but it can only realize qualitative or semi-quantitative evaluation of the macroscopic integrity of rock mass, and cannot directly obtain the key mechanical parameters such as compressive strength, elastic modulus and cohesion of rock mass. These parameters are exactly the core basis for calculating the bearing capacity and anti-deformation capacity of rock mass in engineering structure design, which leads to the difficulty of directly serving the subsequent engineering mechanics analysis with the acoustic wave detection results, and the need for other mechanical testing means to complete the complete evaluation of rock mass performance.

[0004] On the other hand, the penetration sounding technique is an effective means for obtaining the mechanical parameters of rock mass. It records the load-displacement curve in the process of pressing the probe tooth of a specific shape into the rock mass surface at a constant rate, and then inversely obtains the mechanical properties of rock mass combined with the theoretical model. It can also apply tension to the rock through the guide rod to record the load-displacement curve in the process of shearing.

[0005] However, the existing technology is designed independently, and the sound wave detection equipment needs to be removed and the sounding device needs to be lowered after the sound wave detection is completed. This not only increases the operation complexity of replacing the equipment in the borehole and prolongs the field test time, but also may cause the sound wave detection integrity result and the mechanical parameters obtained by sounding to be unable to be accurately matched due to the change of the borehole wall state (such as hole wall collapse, rock debris accumulation) or test position deviation during the two test processes, thereby affecting the data correlation and evaluation accuracy. At the same time, the number and shape of the existing pressure sounding device probes are fixedly designed, and only a single type of indentation can be formed. The fixed probe design limits the applicability of the device and makes it difficult to meet diversified testing requirements.

[0006] In addition, in actual engineering, if the rock mass with shallow surface fissures is directly subjected to pressure sounding, the existence of the fissures will cause the pressure load to be dispersed and the local deformation of the rock mass to be intensified, so that the measured mechanical parameters are smaller and cannot truly reflect the mechanical properties of the rock mass. The existing technology lacks a design for the coordinated linkage of sound wave detection integrity judgment and pressure sounding mechanical testing, and cannot filter out the complete rock mass area as the target area for subsequent sounding test through the pre-sound wave detection, further reducing the reliability of the test results.

[0007] In summary, the current rock mass property measurement technology has problems such as "disconnection between non-destructive detection and mechanical testing, complicated equipment replacement, poor test result correlation, and limited device applicability", and there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can realize the integrated joint measurement of sound wave detection, pressure sounding, and rock mass shear, can adapt to multiple scene requirements through probe replacement, and can accurately select the sounding area based on the sound wave results, so as to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and applicability of the in-situ rock mass property measurement. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to quickly judge the integrity of the shallow surface rock mass and efficiently and in-situ obtain the mechanical parameters of the rock, the present application provides a rock mass property single-hole sound wave and pressure sounding combined measurement device and its use method, and the specific technical solution is as follows.

[0009] A rock mass property single-hole sound wave and pressure sounding combined measurement device, comprising a sleeve, a guide rod, a sound wave detection device, and a pressure sounding device, the sound wave detection device comprises a front baffle, a receiving transducer, a transmitting transducer, a sound insulation sleeve, and a connecting line, the front baffle is arranged at the end of the sound wave detection device and connected with the end of the receiving transducer, the sound insulation sleeve and the connecting line are connected between the two receiving transducers, and the sound insulation sleeve is arranged between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer; the probe tooth of the pressure sounding device is pressed into the rock mass of the borehole wall to obtain the mechanical parameters of the rock mass, and the guide rod of the pressure sounding device is stretched to measure the shear of the probe tooth to the borehole wall.

[0010] Preferably, the press-in sounding device comprises a sleeve, a cylinder fixing shaft, a guide pad, a guide shaft, a connecting sheet, a sliding shaft fixing seat, a tension spring, a fixing strip, a piston fixing base, a hydraulic cylinder, a tooth seat, a probe tooth, a cylinder gland, a spiral elastic retainer, a piston fixing shaft, a trapezoidal sleeve, a tapered sleeve, an end face baffle, a guide rod, a connecting pressure ring, a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the sleeve is arranged on the outer layer of the press-in sounding device, the end face baffle is arranged at the end of the sleeve, and the end of the guide rod penetrates through the end face baffle; the cylinder fixing shaft is connected with the acoustic wave detection device and the hydraulic cylinder; the press-in sounding device is provided with tooth seats on both sides, the tooth seats are provided with probe teeth, and the tooth seats are connected with the piston fixing shaft; the piston fixing base is arranged on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder, the piston fixing shaft is connected with the pressure piston and the piston fixing base, the piston fixing base is connected with the guide pad and the connecting sheet through the guide shaft, the connecting sheet is connected with the sliding shaft fixing seat, and the tension spring is arranged between the two connecting sheets; the fixing strip is arranged at both ends of the piston fixing base to limit the movement of the tooth seat; the trapezoidal sleeve and the tapered sleeve are arranged at the end of the connecting pressure ring and connected with the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the connecting pressure ring is connected with the oil pump port; the cylinder port of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with the fixed cylinder gland and the spiral elastic retainer; the displacement sensor is arranged in the tooth seat, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the cylinder port.

[0012] A method for using a rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and press-in sounding combined measurement device, using the rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and press-in sounding combined measurement device, the steps comprising: S1. determining the hole position according to the design requirements of geological exploration, using a core drilling machine to complete drilling, and debugging and calibrating the rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and press-in sounding combined measurement device; S2. acoustic wave detection, pushing the rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and press-in sounding combined measurement device into the bottom of the drill hole at a constant speed through the guide rod to generate a sound wave velocity-depth curve; S3. acoustic wave detection, including press-in sounding and press-in sounding before shearing, wherein: in the press-in sounding, starting the device, loading the hole wall through the control panel to press the probe tooth into the hole wall, unloading after pressing to the required depth, recording and saving the data; rotating the device by ninety degrees, and then loading and unloading the hole wall again using the press-in sounding device, recording and saving the data; and after completion, performing the operation of step S5; in the press-in sounding before shearing, starting the device, loading the hole wall through the control panel to press the probe tooth into the hole wall, stretching and shearing after pressing to the required depth, and recording and saving the data during the pressing process; S4. Tension shearing: After the probe teeth are pressed into the hole wall, the pulling device outside the hole is controlled to apply tension to the guide rod, and the guide rod is stretched to achieve shearing of the hole wall by the probe teeth; after shearing is completed, the pulling device is first controlled to release the force, and then the pressing device is controlled to release the pressure; the device is rotated 90 degrees, and the pressing device and the pulling device outside the hole are controlled again to shear the hole wall. S5. Change the test location and move to the next complete rock mass test point. After positioning, record the current depth and borehole inclination correction data. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to perform indentation penetration and tensile shear tests. S6. Device recovery: After the test is completed, remove the device from the hole at a constant speed.

[0013] More preferably, when the acoustic wave detection device is in operation, the transmitting transducer, under the excitation of an electrical signal, converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and emits sound waves of a specific frequency into the surrounding medium. When the sound waves propagate in the medium, they will generate reflected echoes when they encounter interface defects. Two receiving transducers receive the echo signals one after another and convert the sound wave vibrations back into electrical signals. There is a fixed distance between the two receiving transducers. The distance to the reflecting interface is calculated by calculating the time difference of the echo arrival and the propagation speed of the sound waves in the medium.

[0014] More preferably, in step S1, a core drilling rig is used to complete the drilling. After drilling is completed, a high-pressure water pump is immediately used to flush the borehole to remove rock powder and debris. Before the rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device is put into operation, the main unit is connected to a regulated power supply to maintain the battery power ≥80% and test the emergency power failure function.

[0015] More preferably, in step S2, after injecting clean water into the borehole, the acoustic wave testing device is started to perform the test, and the waveform display interface is monitored in real time. After each test is completed, the device is raised by 0.1m to measure the next test point until it ends at 1m from the borehole opening, generating an acoustic velocity-depth curve. Based on the acoustic velocity-depth curve, the complete rock mass area is determined, and the device is pushed to the deepest part of the complete rock mass area to perform the next operation in that area.

[0016] More preferably, in step S5, the device is lifted 0.2-0.5m by pulling the guide rod through the puller outside the hole and moved to the next complete rock mass measuring point; or 3-5 different depths are selected in the same borehole for testing to establish a profile of the variation of rock mass mechanical parameters along the borehole depth.

[0017] More preferably, in step S6, after the device is removed from the orifice, the rock powder and mud deposits on the probe surface, transducer interface and probe tooth cutting edge are immediately cleaned with a soft cloth and clean water, and anti-rust oil is applied to the movable joint; the electrical connection and hydraulic line are disconnected in sequence, the guide rod section is disassembled, and the acoustic transducer and probe tooth are placed into the protective box.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties provided by this invention and its usage method include: (1) It realizes simultaneous testing of acoustic detection and indentation probing. Both tests can be completed sequentially with one hole insertion, which greatly improves work efficiency, shortens the testing cycle, and avoids the extra time and manpower costs caused by multiple hole insertions, thus balancing testing convenience and economy.

[0019] (2) By first obtaining in-situ rock mass parameters directly through non-destructive or minimal-destructive methods, the effects of sampling disturbance, scale effect and environmental factors can be effectively overcome; by determining the integrity of the borehole wall rock mass through non-destructive acoustic detection, only indentation and penetration testing are initiated on intact and representative rock masses, which avoids invalid testing and protection devices on broken rock masses and ensures that the final mechanical parameters obtained are true and reliable.

[0020] (3) The method of use includes two test modes: indentation only and indentation-shear. Combined with the rotation function, parameters in different directions can be obtained, and the compressive and shear properties of rock mass can be evaluated at the same time. It is designed with replaceable single-tooth, double-tooth, and multi-tooth probe modules. Users can choose the appropriate indentation mode according to different engineering needs, greatly expanding the application scenarios of the device and meeting the testing needs of various rock mass mechanical behavior. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties; Figure 2 This is a left view of a combined single-hole acoustic and indentation penetration testing device for measuring rock mass properties. Figure 3 This is a right view of a combined single-hole acoustic and indentation penetration testing device for measuring rock mass properties. Figure 4 This is a front view of a combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties. Figure 5 This is a top view of a combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the device division of the combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the combined detection device and the external pulling device. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single-aperture acoustic wave detection device; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the indentation device; Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating the operating steps of the combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties. In the diagram: 1-Front baffle; 8-First receiving transducer; 9-Second receiving transducer; 10-First sound insulation sleeve; 11-Second sound insulation sleeve; 12-Transmitting transducer; 13-First connecting line; 14-Second connecting line; 15-Sleeve; 16-Hydraulic cylinder fixing shaft; 17-Guide pad; 18-Guide shaft; 19-Connecting piece; 20-Sliding shaft fixing seat; 21-Tension spring; 22-Fixing strip; 23-Piston fixing base; 24-Hydraulic cylinder; 25-Gear 26-Seal; 27-Cylinder cover; 28-Helical elastic retaining ring; 29-Piston fixing shaft; 30-Trapezoidal sleeve; 31-Tai-shaped sleeve; 32-End face baffle; 33-Guide rod; 34-First connecting pressure ring; 35-Second connecting pressure ring; 36-Third connecting pressure ring; 37-Pressure sensor; 38-Displacement sensor; 39-External hole pull-out device; 100-Visualization device; 101-Sonic wave detection device; 102-Push-in probe device. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Combination Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a specific implementation method of a single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties provided by the present invention and its usage method are described.

[0023] A combined single-hole acoustic and indentation penetration testing (IPT) measurement device for rock mass properties is disclosed. The device is cylindrical in shape and includes a sleeve, a guide rod, an acoustic detection device, and an IPT device. These components work together to achieve combined acoustic detection and IPT measurements. The acoustic detection device analyzes the properties of the underground medium by measuring the propagation characteristics of sound waves, thereby determining the presence of shallow surface fractures. The IPT device inserts probes into the borehole wall to obtain rock mass mechanical parameters. The probe shape can be modified to create different indentations depending on the application scenario. Furthermore, the guide rod and tensile testing device can achieve shearing of the borehole wall by the probes.

[0024] The acoustic wave detection device 101 includes a front baffle 1, a receiving transducer, a transmitting transducer, a soundproof sleeve, and a connecting line. The receiving transducer includes a first receiving transducer 8 and a second receiving transducer 9, and the soundproof sleeve includes a first soundproof sleeve 10 and a second soundproof sleeve 11. The front baffle 1 is located at the end of the acoustic wave detection device and connected to the end of the receiving transducer. The main function of the front baffle is to protect the device during the drilling process. The soundproof sleeve and the connecting line connect the two receiving transducers. The soundproof sleeve can prevent interference caused by direct connection between the transducers. The connecting line is responsible for providing power and transmitting signals. The soundproof sleeve is arranged between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer. The probe teeth 26 of the penetration test device 102 are pressed into the rock mass of the borehole wall to obtain the rock mass mechanical parameters. The guide rod of the penetration test device 102 is used for tensile measurement to realize the shearing of the probe teeth against the borehole wall. When the acoustic wave detection device 101 is running, the transmitting transducer, under the excitation of an electrical signal, converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and emits sound waves of a specific frequency into the surrounding medium. When the sound waves propagate in the medium, they will generate reflected echoes when they encounter interface defects, etc. The two receiving transducers receive the echo signals one after another and convert the sound wave vibrations back into electrical signals. Since there is a fixed distance between the two receiving transducers, by calculating the time difference between the arrival of the echoes at the two receiving units and combining it with the propagation speed of the sound waves in the medium, the distance to the reflecting interface can be accurately calculated, thus achieving accurate and efficient measurement.

[0025] The indentation penetrometer 102 includes a sleeve 15, a cylinder fixing shaft 16, a guide pad 17, a guide shaft 18, a connecting piece 19, a sliding shaft fixing seat 20, a tension spring 21, a fixing strip 22, a piston fixing base 23, a hydraulic cylinder 24, a toothed seat 25, a probe tooth 26, a cylinder pressure cover 27, a spiral elastic retaining ring 28, a piston fixing shaft 29, a trapezoidal ferrule 30, a frustum-shaped ferrule 31, an end face baffle 32, a guide rod 33, a pressure sensor 37, and a displacement sensor 38. The connecting pressure rings include a first connecting pressure ring 34, a second connecting pressure ring 35, and a third connecting pressure ring 36. The sleeve is positioned on the outer layer of the indentation penetrometer, enclosing the internal components and serving to fix and protect the internal structure. The end face baffle is located at the end of the sleeve, and the end of the guide rod passes through the end face baffle. The cylinder fixing shaft connects the acoustic detection device and the hydraulic cylinder. The indentation device has toothed seats on both sides, each with probe teeth. The toothed seats are connected to the piston fixing shaft, allowing for the compression and fracturing of the rock within the borehole. Different toothed seats have different numbers of probe teeth; changing the number of probe teeth creates different indentation shapes on the rock surface. Furthermore, a displacement sensor is installed inside the toothed seat to record the displacement of the probe teeth. Piston fixing bases are located on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder. The piston fixing shaft connects the pressure piston and the piston fixing base. The piston fixing base is connected to the guide pad and connecting plate via a guide shaft. The connecting plate is connected to the sliding shaft fixing base, and a tension spring is positioned between the two connecting plates. These components work together to allow the piston fixing base to move up and down. Fixing strips at both ends of the piston fixing base limit the movement of the toothed seats. The connecting pressure ring has trapezoidal and frustum-shaped sleeves at one end, connected to the hydraulic cylinder. The other end of the connecting pressure ring is connected to the oil pump port. A fixed cylinder cover with a spiral elastic retaining ring is installed at the cylinder inlet of the hydraulic cylinder to prevent hydraulic oil from overflowing. Additionally, a pressure sensor is installed at the cylinder inlet to record the cylinder pressure in real time, indirectly monitoring the working load of the probe teeth. When the penetration testing device is loaded, hydraulic oil from the pump flows into the hydraulic cylinder through the second connecting pressure ring. The hydraulic oil pushes the piston to move in both upward and downward directions, thereby moving the tooth holder and pressing the probe teeth into the surrounding rock of the borehole. When the penetration testing device is unloaded, the movement of the hydraulic oil and its components is reversed compared to when loading.

[0026] A method for using a single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the borehole location according to the geological exploration design requirements, and complete the drilling using a core drilling rig. Debug and calibrate the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration testing (IPT) combined measurement device for rock mass properties. Specifically, use a core drilling rig to complete the drilling. After drilling, immediately flush the borehole with a high-pressure water pump to remove rock powder and debris, avoiding interference with subsequent acoustic wave coupling and probe contact, and minimizing the impact on the accuracy of the test results. Verify the integrity of the equipment components according to the equipment operation manual, ensuring that key components such as guide rods, transducers, and probes are complete. Before operation, connect the main unit of the single-hole acoustic wave and IPT combined measurement device for rock mass properties to a regulated power supply, maintain the battery charge at ≥80%, and test the emergency power-off function.

[0027] S2. Acoustic wave detection: A combined single-hole acoustic wave and penetration probing device for measuring rock mass properties is pushed uniformly into the bottom of the borehole via a guide rod to generate an acoustic velocity-depth curve. Specifically, after injecting clean water into the borehole, the acoustic wave testing device is activated to perform the test, and the waveform display interface is monitored in real time. After each test point is completed, the device is raised 0.1m to measure the next point, until it ends at 1m from the borehole opening, generating an acoustic velocity-depth curve. Based on the acoustic velocity-depth curve, the intact rock mass area is determined, and the device is pushed to the deepest point of the intact rock mass area for the next operation.

[0028] S3. Acoustic wave detection, including indentation testing and pre-shear indentation testing, wherein: When inserting the probe, start the device and use the control panel to load the probe onto the borehole wall, press the probe teeth into the borehole wall, and unload after pressing to the required depth. Record and save the data. Rotate the device 90 degrees and use the probe to load and unload again, record and save the data. After completion, proceed to step S5. Before shearing, during the penetration test, the device is started and the penetration test device is loaded onto the borehole wall through the control panel. The probe teeth are pressed into the borehole wall and stretched and sheared after being pressed to the required depth. Data is recorded and saved during the pressing process. S4. Tensile Shear: After the probe teeth are pressed into the borehole wall, the pull-out device outside the borehole applies tension to the guide rod, stretching the guide rod and achieving shearing of the borehole wall by the probe teeth. After shearing, the pull-out device is first controlled to release the force, and then the pressure of the pressing-in penetrometer is controlled to release the pressure. The device is rotated 90 degrees, and the pressing-in penetrometer and the pull-out device outside the borehole are controlled again to shear the borehole wall. The device is then lifted 0.2-0.5m by pulling the guide rod through the pull-out device outside the borehole and moved to the next intact rock mass measuring point; or 3-5 different depths are selected in the same borehole for testing to establish a profile of the variation of rock mass mechanical parameters along the borehole depth.

[0029] S5. Change the test location and move to the next intact rock mass measuring point. After positioning, record the current depth and borehole inclination correction data. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to perform indentation penetration and tensile shear tests. Use the pull-out device outside the borehole to pull the guide rod to lift the device up 0.2-0.5m and move it to the next intact rock mass measuring point; or select 3-5 different depths in the same borehole to conduct tests and establish a profile of the variation of rock mass mechanical parameters along the borehole depth.

[0030] S6. Device Retrieval: After the test, remove the device from the hole at a constant speed. After the test, stop all operating modules and remove the device from the hole at a constant speed using the external pulling device, avoiding sudden stops or collisions with the hole wall to prevent probe damage. Immediately after removing it from the hole, clean the probe surface, transducer interface, and probe tooth cutting edge with a soft cloth and clean water to remove rock powder and mud deposits. Apply anti-rust oil to the moving joints. Then, disconnect the electrical connections and hydraulic lines in the order specified in the operation manual, disassemble the guide rod section, and place the acoustic transducer, probe teeth, and other precision components into a special protective box. Finally, conduct an inventory of the equipment and back up the on-site data, complete the usage record registration, and provide a complete on-site archive for subsequent indoor data analysis.

[0031] The single-hole acoustic and indentation penetration testing (IPP) combined measurement device for rock mass properties enables simultaneous acoustic detection and IPP testing. Both tests can be completed sequentially in a single borehole entry, significantly improving operational efficiency and shortening the testing cycle. It also avoids the additional time and labor costs associated with multiple borehole entries, balancing testing convenience and economy. By first obtaining in-situ rock mass parameters directly using non-destructive or minimal-destructive methods, it effectively overcomes the influence of sampling disturbance, scale effects, and environmental factors. Then, by using non-destructive acoustic detection to determine the integrity of the borehole wall rock mass, IPP is initiated only on intact and representative rock masses. This avoids ineffective testing and protective devices on fractured rock masses, while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the final mechanical parameters obtained.

[0032] The single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties includes two test modes: indentation only and indentation-shear. Combined with the rotation function, it can obtain parameters in different directions and simultaneously evaluate the compressive and shear properties of the rock mass. It is designed with replaceable single-tooth, double-tooth, and multi-tooth probe modules, allowing users to select the appropriate indentation mode according to different engineering needs, greatly expanding the application scenarios of the device and meeting various rock mass mechanical behavior testing needs.

[0033] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test device for measuring rock mass properties, characterized in that, The device includes a sleeve, a guide rod, an acoustic wave detection device, and a penetration test device. The acoustic wave detection device includes a front baffle, a receiving transducer, a transmitting transducer, a sound-insulating sleeve, and a connecting line. The front baffle is located at the end of the acoustic wave detection device and connected to the end of the receiving transducer. A sound-insulating sleeve and a connecting line connect the two receiving transducers, and a sound-insulating sleeve is arranged between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer. The probe teeth of the penetration test device are pressed into the borehole wall rock mass to obtain rock mass mechanical parameters. The guide rod of the penetration test device is used for tensile measurement to realize the shearing of the borehole wall by the probe teeth.

2. The single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indentation probe includes a sleeve, a cylinder fixing shaft, a guide pad, a guide shaft, a connecting piece, a sliding shaft fixing seat, a tension spring, a fixing strip, a piston fixing base, a hydraulic cylinder, a toothed seat, a probe tooth, a cylinder cover, a spiral elastic retaining ring, a piston fixing shaft, a trapezoidal sleeve, a platform-shaped sleeve, an end face baffle, a guide rod, a connecting pressure ring, a pressure sensor, and a displacement sensor.

3. The single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sleeve is disposed on the outer layer of the indentation probe, and the end face baffle is disposed at the end of the sleeve. The end of the guide rod passes through the end face baffle. The cylinder fixing shaft connects the acoustic wave detection device and the hydraulic cylinder. Tooth seats are provided on both sides of the indentation probe, and probe teeth are provided on the tooth seats. The tooth seats are connected to the piston fixing shaft. The piston fixing base is disposed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder. The piston fixing shaft connects the pressure piston and the piston fixing base. The piston fixing base is connected to the guide pad and the connecting piece through the guide shaft. The connecting piece is connected to the sliding shaft fixing seat. The tension spring is disposed between the two connecting pieces. The piston fixing base is provided with fixing strips at both ends to limit the movement of the tooth seats. The end of the connecting pressure ring is provided with a trapezoidal sleeve and a platform-shaped sleeve and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder. The other end of the connecting pressure ring is connected to the oil pump port. The hydraulic cylinder port is provided with a fixed cylinder pressure cover and a spiral elastic retaining ring. The displacement sensor is disposed in the tooth seat, and the pressure sensor is disposed at the cylinder port.

4. A method of using a single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties, using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the steps are as follows: include: S1. Determine the borehole location according to the geological exploration design requirements, complete the drilling using a core drilling rig, and debug and calibrate the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration combined measurement device for rock mass properties. S2. Acoustic wave detection: The single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties is pushed into the bottom of the borehole at a constant speed through the guide rod to generate an acoustic wave velocity-depth curve. S3. Acoustic wave detection, including indentation testing and pre-shear indentation testing, wherein: When inserting the probe, start the device and use the control panel to load the probe onto the borehole wall, press the probe teeth into the borehole wall, and unload after pressing to the required depth. Record and save the data. Rotate the device 90 degrees and use the probe to load and unload again, record and save the data. After completion, proceed to step S5. Before shearing, during the penetration test, the device is started and the penetration test device is loaded onto the borehole wall through the control panel. The probe teeth are pressed into the borehole wall and stretched and sheared after being pressed to the required depth. Data is recorded and saved during the pressing process. S4. Tension shearing: After the probe teeth are pressed into the hole wall, the pulling device outside the hole is controlled to apply tension to the guide rod, and the guide rod is stretched to achieve shearing of the hole wall by the probe teeth; after shearing is completed, the pulling device is first controlled to release the force, and then the pressing device is controlled to release the pressure; the device is rotated 90 degrees, and the pressing device and the pulling device outside the hole are controlled again to shear the hole wall. S5. Change the test location and move to the next complete rock mass test point. After positioning, record the current depth and borehole inclination correction data. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to perform indentation penetration and tensile shear tests. S6. Device recovery: After the test is completed, remove the device from the hole at a constant speed.

5. The method of using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the acoustic wave detection device is in operation, the transmitting transducer, under the excitation of an electrical signal, converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and emits sound waves of a specific frequency into the surrounding medium. When the sound waves propagate in the medium, they will generate reflected echoes when they encounter interface defects. Two receiving transducers receive the echo signals one after another and convert the sound wave vibrations back into electrical signals. There is a fixed distance between the two receiving transducers. The distance to the reflecting interface is calculated by calculating the time difference of the echo arrival and the propagation speed of the sound waves in the medium.

6. The method of using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, a core drilling rig is used to complete the drilling. After drilling is completed, a high-pressure water pump is used to flush the borehole to remove rock powder and debris. Before the rock mass property single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device is put into operation, the main unit is connected to a regulated power supply to maintain the battery power ≥80% and test the emergency power failure function.

7. The method of using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, after injecting clean water into the borehole, the acoustic wave testing device is started to conduct the test. The waveform display interface is monitored in real time. After each test is completed, the device is raised by 0.1m to measure the next test point until it ends at 1m from the borehole opening, generating an acoustic velocity-depth curve. Based on the acoustic velocity-depth curve, the complete rock mass area is determined, and the device is pushed to the deepest part of the complete rock mass area for the next operation.

8. The method of using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S5, the device is lifted 0.2-0.5m by pulling the guide rod through the pull-out device outside the hole and moved to the next complete rock mass measuring point; or 3-5 different depths are selected in the same borehole for testing to establish a profile of the variation of rock mass mechanical parameters along the borehole depth.

9. The method of using the single-hole acoustic wave and indentation penetration test combined measurement device for rock mass properties according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S6, after the device is pulled out of the orifice, immediately clean the rock powder and mud deposits on the probe surface, transducer interface and probe tooth cutting edge with a soft cloth and clean water, and apply anti-rust oil to the movable joint; disconnect the electrical connection and hydraulic line in sequence, disassemble the guide rod section, and put the acoustic transducer and probe tooth into the protective box.

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