A method for optimizing the arrangement of a photovoltaic array in complex terrain

Abstract

This invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain, relating to the field of photovoltaic engineering technology. The invention involves screening areas where the tilt angle correction range of photovoltaic units intersects with the available tilt angle range; calculating terrain complexity; and generating installation priorities based on tilt angle adaptability. Finally, it prioritizes the installation of photovoltaic units in high-priority areas, dynamically updating the status and priorities of adjacent areas to ensure installation spacing constraints until all installable areas are allocated. This method optimizes the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain by quantifying terrain complexity and dynamically adjusting priorities, balancing power generation efficiency and installation density.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic engineering technology, specifically to a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of photovoltaic engineering, the deployment of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrains faces numerous challenges. Traditional deployment methods are typically designed for flat terrain, making it difficult to adapt to complex factors such as terrain tilt angle and curvature. This leads to inaccurate selection of installation areas and unreasonable spacing planning, which in turn affects the power generation efficiency and installation density of photovoltaic units. Furthermore, existing technologies lack quantitative assessment and dynamic priority adjustment of terrain complexity, making it impossible to balance installation feasibility with optimized power generation performance in the deployment scheme. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can efficiently select installation areas, dynamically adjust priorities, and optimize deployment schemes to solve the technical challenges of photovoltaic array deployment in complex terrains.

[0003] The main problems with existing technologies are: they fail to fully consider the influence of terrain parameters such as curvature and tilt angle under complex terrain conditions; the selection of areas for installing photovoltaic arrays is not reasonable enough and it is difficult to adapt to complex terrain changes; and areas that are easy to install are not given priority, resulting in unreasonable array installation planning.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for optimizing the deployment of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: With the photovoltaic unit meeting the minimum installation conditions as a constraint, based on the installation dimensions of the photovoltaic unit base, traverse every installation area to be determined within the target area to select an installation area formed by summing up multiple candidate installation areas from the target area. The minimum installation conditions are that the intersection of the tilt angle correction range and the available tilt angle range after the installation of the photovoltaic unit is non-zero.

[0009] Step 2: Obtain the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area, and generate the installation priority of each candidate installation area based on the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree;

[0010] Step 3: Arrange the candidate installation areas in descending order of installation priority and initialize their status to "awaiting installation". With the constraint that the installation spacing of the photovoltaic units is greater than the minimum installation spacing, select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "awaiting installation" for photovoltaic unit installation.

[0011] Step 4: After each photovoltaic unit is installed, update the installation priority of other candidate installation areas, and continue to select the candidate installation areas with the highest installation priority and the updated status of "to be installed" for installation, until there are no more candidate installation areas with the status of "to be installed". Output the installation plan at this time as the installation plan of the photovoltaic array in the target area.

[0012] Furthermore, the logic for filtering the installation area is as follows:

[0013] The installation area to be determined is any area within the target area that has the same installation size as the photovoltaic unit base;

[0014] The tilt correction range is calculated based on the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined and the angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic units. The formula used is as follows:

[0015] ;

[0016] ;

[0017] in, This indicates the minimum tilt correction value. This indicates the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined. This indicates the lower limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit. This indicates the maximum tilt correction value. This indicates the upper limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit;

[0018] The tilt correction range is: ;

[0019] Available tilt angle range is ,in, This indicates the minimum available tilt angle. Indicates the maximum available tilt angle;

[0020] If the installation area is to be determined to meet the requirements or If the condition is not met, it will not be considered as a candidate installation area; otherwise, it will be considered as a candidate installation area. The candidate installation areas will be aggregated to form an installation area.

[0021] Furthermore, the formula used to calculate terrain complexity is as follows;

[0022] ;

[0023] in, Indicates the first The terrain complexity of each candidate installation area Indicates the index of the candidate installation area. Indicates the first The terrain slope angle of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain inclination angle among all candidate installation areas. Indicates the first The terrain curvature of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain curvature among all candidate installation areas. These represent the weighting coefficients for terrain slope and terrain curvature, respectively. and .

[0024] Furthermore, the principle underlying the generation of installation priorities for each candidate installation area is as follows:

[0025] The formula used to calculate the tilt matching degree is:

[0026] ;

[0027] ;

[0028] ;

[0029] in, Indicates the first Tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The intersection of the tilt correction range and the available tilt range for each candidate installation area. Indicates the first Tilt correction range for each candidate installation area This represents the length of the interval, or the upper limit of the interval minus the lower limit.

[0030] The formula used to generate the installation priority for each candidate installation area is:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, Indicates the first Installation priority of each candidate installation area.

[0033] Furthermore, the principle behind selecting the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority for installation is as follows:

[0034] Sort all candidate installation areas in descending order of installation priority to generate a pending list. Initialize the status of each candidate installation area in the pending list to "pending installation". Select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "pending installation" from the pending list for installation. After installation, change the status of the candidate installation area to "occupied". Filter out candidate installation areas with limited spacing and the status of "pending installation" and change their status to "limited spacing". For the remaining candidate installation areas with the status of "pending installation", update their installation priority based on their distance from the candidate installation areas with the status of "occupied". Continue to select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "pending installation" for installation until there are no candidate installation areas with the status of "pending installation" left in the pending list.

[0035] The logic for determining the limited spacing is as follows: for a candidate installation area in the state of pending installation, if there is a candidate installation area in the state of occupied and the distance between it and the candidate installation area is less than the minimum installation spacing, then the candidate installation area in the state of pending installation is defined as having limited spacing.

[0036] Furthermore, the principle underlying the constraint-based update of installation priority is as follows:

[0037] ;

[0038] in, Indicates the first The updated installation priority of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The distance between each candidate installation area and its nearest occupied candidate installation area. Indicates the minimum installation spacing. This indicates a regulatory factor.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] This invention directly eliminates terrain areas that do not meet the installation conditions by using the constraint that the intersection of the tilt angle correction range and the usable tilt angle range is non-zero. This ensures that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic units in the reserved area can be adjusted to the usable range by the bracket, which not only guarantees the solar radiation reception efficiency, but also avoids the risk of structural instability caused by exceeding the tilt angle limit.

[0041] This invention also improves the scientific rigor of installation area selection in complex terrains by quantifying terrain complexity. It generates installation priorities based on tilt angle matching and terrain complexity, prioritizing areas with high adaptability and low complexity. This allows for dynamic response to terrain changes and enhances the adaptability of the solution. Terrain complexity suppresses the installation priority of steep slopes or high curvature areas, reducing the probability of support instability or shading. A priority mechanism ensures that areas with high power generation potential are installed first, avoiding resource waste in inefficient or high-risk areas. Prioritizing high-priority areas and updating the status of adjacent areas in real-time with dynamic priority adjustments allows for flexible adaptation to the spatial constraints of complex terrain, avoiding uneven installation density or shading problems caused by traditional fixed spacing rules. Using minimum installation spacing as a constraint, and proposing near-distance rewards and far-distance penalties, it prioritizes the allocation of closer installation areas, significantly improving land utilization and achieving an optimal balance between power generation efficiency and installation density. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting curves for terrain complexity and installation priority in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting curves for tilt angle matching and installation priority in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0047] Example:

[0048] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0049] A method for optimizing the deployment of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: With the photovoltaic unit meeting the minimum installation conditions as a constraint, based on the installation dimensions of the photovoltaic unit base, traverse every installation area to be determined within the target area to select an installation area formed by summing up multiple candidate installation areas from the target area. The minimum installation conditions are that the intersection of the tilt angle correction range and the available tilt angle range after the installation of the photovoltaic unit is non-zero.

[0051] In this embodiment, the logic for filtering the installation area is as follows:

[0052] The installation area to be determined is any area within the target area that has the same installation size as the photovoltaic unit base;

[0053] The tilt correction range is calculated based on the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined and the angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic units. The formula used is as follows:

[0054] ;

[0055] ;

[0056] in, This indicates the minimum tilt correction value. This indicates the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined. This indicates the lower limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit. This indicates the maximum tilt correction value. This indicates the upper limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit;

[0057] The tilt correction range is: ;

[0058] Tilt angle refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane. In flat terrain, the tilt angle directly affects the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel in receiving solar radiation. The tilt angle correction range indicates the actual tilt angle range that the photovoltaic unit can achieve after adjustment and correction using the photovoltaic unit bracket, under the influence of the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined. It is used to assess the feasibility of installing photovoltaic units in complex terrain. This indicates the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined, representing the original tilt state of the terrain. When the angle of the photovoltaic unit support is zero, meaning no angle adjustment is performed using the photovoltaic unit support, at this time... This refers to the actual tilt angle of the photovoltaic unit. At this tilt angle, the desired working objective often cannot be achieved. Therefore, adjustments are needed between the photovoltaic units to ensure that when the photovoltaic units are installed on tilted terrain, they can still achieve a tilt angle range that meets the working conditions. The angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic unit represents the adjustable tilt angle range of the photovoltaic unit bracket. This range is the same for the same type of photovoltaic unit. In complex terrain, based on the original tilt state of the terrain, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic unit under the influence of the terrain is corrected by adjusting the photovoltaic unit bracket. By superimposing the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined with the adjustment range of the photovoltaic unit, the actual achievable tilt angle range of the photovoltaic unit is obtained.

[0059] Available tilt angle range is ,in, This indicates the minimum available tilt angle. Indicates the maximum available tilt angle;

[0060] If the installation area is to be determined to meet the requirements or If the condition is not met, it will not be considered as a candidate installation area; otherwise, it will be considered as a candidate installation area. The candidate installation areas will be aggregated to form an installation area.

[0061] The usable tilt angle range represents the pre-set tilt angle range based on engineering requirements such as photovoltaic power generation efficiency and structural stability. To ensure working effect, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic unit must be within the usable tilt angle range. After obtaining the usable tilt angle range, compare the usable tilt angle range with the tilt angle correction range. When the tilt angle correction range intersects with the usable tilt angle range, it indicates that the terrain tilt angle adjusted and corrected by the photovoltaic unit bracket can meet the working effect, and the corresponding location can be considered suitable for installing the photovoltaic unit. When the tilt angle correction range does not intersect with the usable tilt angle, it indicates that when the photovoltaic unit is affected by the terrain tilt angle, no matter how the photovoltaic unit bracket is adjusted, it will not work. The photovoltaic (PV) units cannot be brought to the usable tilt angle range, exceeding the adjustment range of the PV unit support structure. Therefore, installation is not feasible in this case. The constraint that the intersection of the PV unit tilt angle correction range and the usable tilt angle range is non-zero is used to ensure power generation efficiency, structural stability, and terrain adaptability. The tilt angle of the PV unit directly affects its solar radiation reception efficiency. If the tilt angle exceeds the usable range, it may lead to a significant decrease in power generation efficiency. Some terrain tilt angles may exceed the adjustment capability of the PV unit support structure. Forced installation may lead to structural instability or damage. Therefore, areas that do not meet the conditions are eliminated, and suitable installation areas are selected.

[0062] Step 2: Obtain the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area, and generate the installation priority of each candidate installation area based on the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree;

[0063] In this embodiment, the formula used to calculate terrain complexity is:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, Indicates the first The terrain complexity of each candidate installation area Indicates the index of the candidate installation area. Indicates the first The terrain slope angle of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain inclination angle among all candidate installation areas. Indicates the first The terrain curvature of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain curvature among all candidate installation areas. These represent the weighting coefficients for terrain slope and terrain curvature, respectively. and .

[0066] Topographic complexity reflects the complexity of the terrain at the candidate installation area, primarily influenced by topographic tilt angle and curvature. It is a relative value, aiming to evaluate the relative topographic complexity of all permissible candidate installation areas. Calculating topographic complexity assumes the corresponding area is a candidate installation area, i.e., it meets the conditions for installing photovoltaic units. The purpose of topographic complexity is to determine the installation sequence. Tilt angle directly determines the adjustment space for photovoltaic units; a larger initial tilt angle requires greater angle adjustments and higher topographic complexity. The relative slope steepness of the current candidate installation area is determined by comparing its initial topographic tilt angle with the maximum topographic tilt angle of all candidate installation areas. The larger the value, the higher the terrain complexity of the current candidate installation area; curvature is used to quantify the impact of terrain unevenness. By comparing the current curvature with the maximum curvature, the degree of terrain bending variation is assessed. The larger the curvature, the more uneven the surface of the current candidate installation area, the higher the terrain complexity, and the less stable the installation of the photovoltaic units; tilt angle directly affects installation feasibility and bracket adjustment requirements, therefore it has a higher weighting coefficient. , . The value is , The closer the value is to 0, the flatter the terrain and the lower the complexity, making it suitable for priority installation. The closer the value is to 1, the steeper the terrain or the more uneven the surface, making installation more difficult and reducing the installation priority.

[0067] The principle underlying the generation of installation priorities for each candidate installation area is as follows:

[0068] The formula used to calculate the tilt matching degree is:

[0069] ;

[0070] ;

[0071] ;

[0072] in, Indicates the first Tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The intersection of the tilt correction range and the available tilt range for each candidate installation area. Indicates the first Tilt correction range for each candidate installation area This represents the length of the interval, or the upper limit of the interval minus the lower limit.

[0073] The tilt angle matching degree of the candidate installation area reflects the probability that the angle after correcting the initial tilt angle of the photovoltaic unit is usable. The larger the value, the easier it is to correct the initial tilt angle to a usable range. There are four cases in total. The first case is left intersection, where the minimum value of the tilt angle correction range is less than the maximum value of the usable tilt angle, but the maximum value of the tilt angle correction range is within the range of the maximum value of the usable tilt angle. In this case, the intersection is... The second scenario is a right intersection, where the maximum value of the tilt correction range exceeds the maximum value of the usable tilt range, but the minimum value of the tilt correction range is within the minimum value of the usable tilt range. In this case, the intersection... The third case is where the tilt angle range is completely contained within the tilt angle correction range; in this case, the intersection... The first case is the entire usable tilt angle range, with a tilt angle matching degree of 1. This is the ideal situation, where no matter how it is adjusted, it will remain within the usable range. The fourth case is where the tilt angle correction range is included within the usable tilt angle range. Even if the maximum adjustment capability is reached, it cannot cover the usable tilt angle range, indicating that the adjustment capability of the bracket is insufficient.

[0074] Used to quantify the degree of matching between the tilt correction range and the available tilt range of the candidate installation area. ,and A higher value indicates that the tilt angle correction range fully covers or highly matches the available tilt angle range, meaning that the tilt angle adjusted by the bracket more easily meets the requirements for power generation efficiency and structural stability, and the photovoltaic unit can meet the requirements without much other adjustment; at the same time It also reflects terrain adaptability. A lower value indicates a poor match between the adjusted photovoltaic unit tilt angle and the available tilt angle, requiring more complex support adjustments or resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

[0075] The formula used to generate the installation priority for each candidate installation area is:

[0076] ;

[0077] in, Indicates the first Installation priority of each candidate installation area.

[0078] Installation priority is reflected by the tilt angle matching degree and terrain complexity of the candidate installation area to determine the priority of installing photovoltaic units in the candidate installation area; A higher elevation indicates that the candidate installation area possesses both high tilt angle matching and low terrain complexity, resulting in relatively lower installation difficulty and better post-installation performance; therefore, it is the preferred selection. Photovoltaic units are installed in higher installation areas; The higher the value, the greater the overlap between the tilt angle correction range and the usable tilt angle range, making it easier to install photovoltaic units and meet power generation and stability requirements. This relates to the impact of terrain complexity on installation priority; lower terrain complexity results in easier installation. The larger the angle, the higher the installation priority; this reflects the logic that higher tilt angle matching and simpler terrain lead to higher priority. Table 1 reflects the installation priority under different terrain tilt angles and curvatures, with an angle adjustment range of [missing information]. The usable tilt angle range is ;

[0079] Table 1. Installation Priority Change Table

[0080]

[0081] Step 3: Arrange the candidate installation areas in descending order of installation priority and initialize their status to "awaiting installation". With the constraint that the installation spacing of the photovoltaic units is greater than the minimum installation spacing, select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "awaiting installation" for photovoltaic unit installation.

[0082] In this embodiment, the principle behind selecting the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority for installation is as follows:

[0083] Sort all candidate installation areas in descending order of installation priority to generate a pending list. Initialize the status of each candidate installation area in the pending list to "pending installation". Select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "pending installation" from the pending list for installation. After installation, change the status of the candidate installation area to "occupied". Filter out candidate installation areas with limited spacing and the status of "pending installation" and change their status to "limited spacing". For the remaining candidate installation areas with the status of "pending installation", update their installation priority based on their distance from the candidate installation areas with the status of "occupied". Continue to select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of "pending installation" for installation until there are no candidate installation areas with the status of "pending installation" left in the pending list.

[0084] The logic for determining the limited spacing is as follows: for a candidate installation area in the state of pending installation, if there is a candidate installation area in the state of occupied and the distance between it and the candidate installation area is less than the minimum installation spacing, then the candidate installation area in the state of pending installation is defined as having limited spacing.

[0085] The core idea of ​​the above steps is to gradually construct a global optimal solution by selecting local optima. Each time, selecting the installation area with the highest installation priority is considered selecting a local optimum, and the final output installation scheme is the global optimal solution. The specific steps are: obtaining the installation priorities of all candidate installation areas and setting the initial state of all candidate installation areas to "awaiting installation"; obtaining the minimum installation spacing of photovoltaic units in the planar terrain. As a constraint, the main purpose of the constraint is to avoid mutual shading between installed photovoltaic units. During the first allocation of installations, all candidate installation areas are sorted in descending order of installation priority to form an ordered list of pending installations. At the same time, the status of all candidate installation areas in the list is initialized to installable. The first candidate installation area is selected from the list for photovoltaic unit installation, and its status is changed to occupied. Since there is already a photovoltaic unit in the installation area, the spacing with the existing photovoltaic unit needs to be considered when installing photovoltaic units. On the one hand, the constraint must be met, and on the other hand, the arrangement should be as close as possible to save space. For other candidate installation areas that do not meet the constraint, their status is directly changed to restricted spacing. Starting from the installation of the second candidate installation area, when installing each candidate installation area, the installation priority of the candidate installation area to be installed is updated based on the candidate installation area that is closest to it and whose status is occupied. The candidate installation area with the highest installation priority is selected for installation until there are no candidate installation areas in the list whose status is to be installed. The algorithm terminates and outputs the set of all candidate installation areas whose status is occupied, which serves as the layout scheme of the photovoltaic array.

[0086] Step 4: After each photovoltaic unit is installed, update the installation priority of other candidate installation areas, and continue to select the candidate installation areas with the highest installation priority and the updated status of "to be installed" for installation, until there are no more candidate installation areas with the status of "to be installed". Output the installation plan at this time as the installation plan of the photovoltaic array in the target area.

[0087] In this embodiment, the principle underlying the constraint-based update of installation priority is as follows:

[0088] ;

[0089] in, Indicates the first The updated installation priority of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The distance between each candidate installation area and its nearest occupied candidate installation area. Indicates the minimum installation spacing. This indicates a regulatory factor.

[0090] Starting with the allocation of the second installation zone, the installation priority of each candidate installation zone needs to be updated according to the constraints. The update logic is as follows: the updated installation priority only applies to... Because of the situation The current status of the candidate installation area has been updated to "spacing restricted," meaning installation is not feasible. The goal of installation is to install as many photovoltaic (PV) units as possible within the target area while ensuring each PV unit functions correctly. Therefore, the PV units need to be installed close together while meeting the constraints. Reduce, update installation priority The larger the spacing between candidate installation areas, the higher their installation priority. The purpose is to amplify the influence of spacing factors, reflect the idea of ​​prioritizing the allocation of candidate installation areas with close proximity, increase installation density, and ensure optimal spacing between new installation areas and already installed areas.

[0091] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0092] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0093] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0094] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain, characterized in that, The specific steps include: Step 1: With the photovoltaic unit meeting the minimum installation conditions as a constraint, based on the installation dimensions of the photovoltaic unit base, traverse each installation area to be determined within the target area to filter out the installation area formed by summing up multiple candidate installation areas from the target area. The minimum installation conditions are that the intersection of the tilt angle correction range and the available tilt angle range after the installation of the photovoltaic unit is non-zero. Step 2: Obtain the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area, and generate the installation priority of each candidate installation area based on the terrain complexity and tilt angle matching degree; Step 3: Sort the candidate installation areas in descending order of installation priority to generate a list to be processed, and initialize the status of each candidate installation area in the list to be installed. With the installation spacing of photovoltaic units being greater than the minimum installation spacing as a constraint, select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of being installed from the list to install the photovoltaic units. Step 4: After each photovoltaic unit is installed in a candidate installation area to be installed, change the status of the candidate installation area to occupied. Filter out the candidate installation areas with limited spacing and the status of pending installation, and change their status to limited spacing. For the remaining candidate installation areas with the status of pending installation, update the installation priority of other candidate installation areas based on their distance from the candidate installation areas with the status of occupied. Continue to select the candidate installation area with the highest installation priority and the status of pending installation for installation, until there are no candidate installation areas with the status of pending installation in the pending list. Output the installation scheme at this time as the installation scheme of the photovoltaic array in the target area. The logic for determining the limited spacing is as follows: for a candidate installation area in the state of pending installation, if there is a candidate installation area in the state of occupied and the distance between it and the candidate installation area is less than the minimum installation spacing, then the candidate installation area in the state of pending installation is defined as having limited spacing. The principle underlying the updating of the installation priority of other candidate installation areas is as follows: in, Indicates the first The updated installation priority of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The distance between each candidate installation area and its nearest occupied candidate installation area. Indicates the minimum installation spacing. Indicates the regulating factor. Indicates the first The installation priority of each candidate installation area; the updated installation priority only applies to... The situation.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The logic for selecting the installation area formed by summing up multiple candidate installation areas in step 1 is as follows: The installation area to be determined is any area within the target area that has the same installation size as the photovoltaic unit base; The tilt correction range is calculated based on the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined and the angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic units. The formula used is as follows: in, This indicates the minimum tilt correction value. This indicates the tilt angle of the installation area to be determined. This indicates the lower limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit. This indicates the maximum tilt correction value. This indicates the upper limit of the angle adjustment range for the photovoltaic unit; The tilt correction range is: ; Available tilt angle range is ,in, This indicates the minimum available tilt angle. Indicates the maximum available tilt angle; If the installation area is to be determined to meet the requirements or If the condition is not met, it will not be considered as a candidate installation area; otherwise, it will be considered as a candidate installation area. The candidate installation areas will be aggregated to form an installation area.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula used to calculate terrain complexity in step 2 is as follows: in, Indicates the first The terrain complexity of each candidate installation area Indicates the index of the candidate installation area. Indicates the first The terrain slope angle of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain inclination angle among all candidate installation areas. Indicates the first The terrain curvature of each candidate installation area This represents the maximum terrain curvature among all candidate installation areas. These represent the weighting coefficients for terrain slope and terrain curvature, respectively. and .

4. The method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic arrays in complex terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that: The principle underlying the generation of installation priorities for each candidate installation area in step 2 is as follows: The formula used to calculate the tilt matching degree is: in, Indicates the first Tilt angle matching degree of each candidate installation area Indicates the first The intersection of the tilt correction range and the available tilt range for each candidate installation area. Indicates the first Tilt correction range for each candidate installation area This represents the length of the interval, or the upper limit of the interval minus the lower limit. The formula used to generate the installation priority for each candidate installation area is: in, Indicates the first Installation priority of each candidate installation area.

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