Multi-level three-dimensional biological warehouse and pond culture tail water purification system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aquaculture tail water purification, and discloses a multi-level three-dimensional biological bin and a pond aquaculture tail water purification system, which comprises a frame structure and at least three functional purification layers integrated in the frame structure. The functional purification layers are arranged in layers from top to bottom along the vertical direction to form independent and cooperative micro-ecological circulation structures. The functional purification layers comprise a floating bed layer, a biological filter-feeding layer and a purification layer. The floating bed layer comprises floating carriers and functional plants planted on the floating carriers. The floating carriers adopt a light and porous structure, and plant planting cavities are formed in the floating carriers. The roots of the functional plants penetrate the planting cavities and extend into the water body. The biological filter-feeding layer is arranged below the floating bed layer, and filter-feeding fish and scraping-feeding snails are put into the biological filter-feeding layer. The purification layer is arranged below the biological filter-feeding layer, filter-feeding mussels are put into the purification layer, and the bottom of the purification layer is filled with immobilized microbial carriers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aquaculture wastewater purification technology, and in particular to a multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber and pond aquaculture wastewater purification system. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of aquaculture, the problem of disorderly discharge of aquaculture wastewater has become increasingly prominent. Aquaculture wastewater contains large amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, suspended solids, and excrement from farmed organisms. Direct discharge can lead to eutrophication of surrounding water bodies, causing ecological problems such as algal blooms and red tides, and disrupting the aquatic environment balance. Therefore, the purification and treatment of aquaculture wastewater has become a crucial link in the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Currently, existing aquaculture wastewater purification technologies mainly include physical purification methods, chemical purification methods, and ecological purification methods. Physical purification methods, such as filtration and sedimentation, can remove some suspended solids, but their effectiveness in removing dissolved pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus is limited, and they are prone to secondary pollution. Chemical purification methods achieve pollutant degradation by adding chemical agents; although they are fast-acting, they are costly, and chemical agents may remain in the water, affecting the living environment of aquatic organisms. Ecological purification methods utilize the synergistic effects of plants, animals, and microorganisms to remove pollutants, offering advantages such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and strong sustainability, and have become the mainstream wastewater purification technology.

[0003] Existing ecological purification devices, such as floating ecological beds and biological filters, have several shortcomings: Firstly, most ecological purification devices have a simple structure, capable of synergistic purification of only one or a few types of organisms, resulting in low purification efficiency and difficulty in meeting the purification needs of large-scale aquaculture wastewater. Secondly, existing devices have low space utilization, failing to fully utilize the three-dimensional space of the water body to achieve multi-level purification, and lack effective coordination between purification units, making it impossible to form a stable micro-ecological cycle system. Furthermore, existing devices have poor adaptability, making it difficult to flexibly adjust to aquaculture pond scenarios with different water levels, and the introduction, harvesting, and maintenance of organisms are quite challenging.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber and pond aquaculture wastewater purification system with a reasonable structure, high space utilization, high purification efficiency, strong adaptability and convenient maintenance, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a multi-level three-dimensional biological storage tank and pond aquaculture wastewater purification system.

[0006] The multi-level three-dimensional biological storage and pond aquaculture wastewater purification system provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, a multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber is proposed, comprising: a frame structure, and at least three functional purification layers integrated within the frame structure. Each functional purification layer is arranged vertically from top to bottom, forming an independent and synergistic micro-ecological cycle structure. The functional purification layer includes: a floating bed layer, a biological filter-feeding layer, and a purification layer. The floating bed layer includes a floating carrier and functional plants planted on the floating carrier. The floating carrier adopts a lightweight porous structure with plant planting holes, through which the roots of the functional plants extend into the water. The biological filter-feeding layer is located below the floating bed layer, and filter-feeding fish and scraping snails are placed within it. The purification layer is located below the biological filter-feeding layer, and filter-feeding mussels are placed within it, with an immobilized microbial carrier filling its bottom. The floating bed layer, biological filter-feeding layer, and purification layer form a nutrient cycle through water flow and biological metabolism.

[0007] Furthermore, the frame structure includes: a main frame configured as a hollow structure, the main frame being a circular, rectangular or other irregular shape, and multiple main frames arranged from top to bottom; multiple longitudinal connecting frames arranged at equal angles along the axial direction of the main frame; adjacent two main frames being fixedly connected by the longitudinal connecting frames, the main frames and the longitudinal connecting frames being combined to form a multi-layer three-dimensional frame structure; and a mesh cover being provided on the outside of the main frames and the longitudinal connecting frames, the mesh cover cooperating with the main frames and the longitudinal connecting frames to form a surrounding load-bearing structure with at least one open end.

[0008] Furthermore, the net cover, in conjunction with the main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, forms independent spaces for the three-level functional purification layers from top to bottom; the net cover encloses the top area of ​​the uppermost main frame to form a support space adapted to the floating bed layer, allowing the floating carrier to be erected and enabling the roots of functional plants to penetrate into the water below; the net cover forms an independent chamber for the biological filter-feeding layer in the middle area enclosed by the adjacent main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, used to limit the activity range of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails; the net cover forms a closed space for the purification layer in the bottom area enclosed by the lowermost main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, which can stably support filter-feeding mussels and fix the microbial carriers at the bottom, and the side wall of the net cover has water passage holes to realize water circulation between the layers to promote nutrient cycling.

[0009] Furthermore, the mesh density of the mesh cover is differentiated from top to bottom along the vertical direction, and the mesh density of the mesh cover decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, several aquaculture nets are added inside the biological filter-feeding layer. The aquaculture nets are connected to the floating bed layer through a fixed frame to allow for the separate rearing of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails within the biological filter-feeding layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the aquaculture net has an openable opening on its side, the mesh size of the aquaculture net is adapted to the volume of the aquaculture organism, the top of the fixed frame is fixedly connected to the floating bed layer, and the bottom of the fixed frame is detachably connected to the aquaculture net.

[0012] Furthermore, a detachable filter screen is provided on the side of the mesh cover corresponding to the purification layer area, and the pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the immobilized microbial carrier.

[0013] Secondly, a pond aquaculture wastewater purification system is proposed, including a multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber and an aquaculture pond; the aquaculture pond is provided with a mud and sand layer, a microbial degradation layer, an animal breeding layer and a plant absorption layer from bottom to top.

[0014] Furthermore, an aeration component is pre-embedded in the microbial degradation layer of the aquaculture pond. The aeration component includes: a microporous aeration disc, an aeration pipe, and an aeration pump. The microporous aeration disc is evenly distributed inside the microbial degradation layer to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the degradation layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber is connected to the fixed piles on the bank of the aquaculture pond by a pull rope. The pull rope is equipped with a tension adjustment device, and the bottom of the biological chamber is equipped with a counterweight to adjust the immersion depth of the biological chamber in the water, adapting to aquaculture pond scenarios with different water levels.

[0016] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: The multi-level three-dimensional structure design arranges the floating bed layer, biological filter feeding layer and purification layer vertically from top to bottom, making full use of the three-dimensional space of the water body and improving the purification efficiency and resource utilization rate per unit water body.

[0017] Through the absorption of functional plants in the floating bed layer, the filtering action of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails in the biological filter-feeding layer, and the degradation action of filter-feeding mussels and immobilized microbial carriers in the purification layer, a stable micro-ecological cycle system is formed. Nutrients are cycled between the layers through water flow and biological metabolism, which can efficiently remove pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, and suspended solids from aquaculture wastewater.

[0018] The immersion depth of the biological chamber in the water can be flexibly adjusted through the longitudinal connecting frame, the tension adjustment device on the traction rope, and the counterweight at the bottom of the biological chamber, adapting to aquaculture pond scenarios with different water levels; at the same time, the main frame can be set to various structures such as circular and rectangular, which can adapt to aquaculture ponds of different shapes. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the aquaculture wastewater purification system of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Floating bed layer 1, biological filter feeding layer 2, purification layer 3, frame structure 4, aquaculture pond 5, positioning sleeve 11, water passage hole 12, aquaculture net 21, fixing frame 22, loading and unloading port 23, main frame 41, longitudinal connecting frame 42, net cover 43, counterweight block 44, silt layer 51, plant absorption layer 52, impermeable membrane 521, animal breeding layer 53, microbial degradation layer 54, aeration component 541. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 —5 provides further details regarding this application.

[0026] Example 1 This application discloses a multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber, placed in a body of water, as shown in the following embodiments. Figure 2 It includes a frame structure 4 and a three-level functional purification layer 3 integrated within the frame structure 4. Each functional purification layer 3 is arranged vertically from top to bottom to form an independent and collaborative micro-ecological cycle structure.

[0027] like Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the frame structure 4 includes a main frame 41, longitudinal connecting frames 42, and a mesh cover 43. The main frame 41 is a hollow circular structure filled with closed-cell foam plastic as a lightweight buoyancy material to improve the floating stability of the frame structure 4 in water. The inner wall of the hollow cavity of the main frame 41 is coated with an anti-corrosion coating to extend the service life of the device. There are three main frames 41 from top to bottom: a top main frame 41, a middle main frame 41, and a bottom main frame 41. The longitudinal connecting frames 42 are made of stainless steel and are arranged at equal angles along the axial direction of the main frames 41. Adjacent main frames 41 are fixedly connected by the longitudinal connecting frames 42. The connection nodes between the longitudinal connecting frames 42 and the main frames 41 are equipped with detachable reinforcing buckles to enhance the assembly strength and ease of disassembly of the multi-layer frame structure 4. The main frame 41 and the longitudinal connecting frames 42 are covered by a mesh cover 43 made of polyethylene, which, together with the main frame 41 and the longitudinal connecting frames 42, forms a top-open, surrounding load-bearing structure.

[0028] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the functional purification layer 3 includes a floating bed layer 1, a biological filter feeding layer 2, and a purification layer 3. The mesh cover 43 cooperates with the main frame 41 and the longitudinal connecting frame 42 to form independent spaces for these three levels of functional purification layers 3 from top to bottom.

[0029] The floating bed layer 1 is located at the top of the main frame 41 and consists of a floating carrier and functional plants. The floating carrier is made of high-density foam board, featuring a lightweight, porous structure with anti-slip ridges on the surface. Multiple planting holes are formed on the carrier, with detachable positioning sleeves 11 attached to the inner walls of each hole. The inner diameter of the positioning sleeves 11 is adapted to functional plant seedlings of different diameters to prevent the planting substrate from falling off. Several water passages are also formed on the floating carrier to enhance water exchange between the upper and lower parts of the floating bed layer 1. The functional plants are selected from aquatic vegetables that combine water purification and economic value, such as water spinach and water celery. The roots of these plants penetrate the planting holes and extend into the water, absorbing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to remove pollutants.

[0030] The biological filter-feeding layer 2 is located below the floating bed layer 1 and is enclosed by the central main frame 41, the longitudinal connecting frame 42 and the net cover 43 to form an independent chamber, which is used to limit the activity range of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails.

[0031] To further meet the needs of fish farming, such as Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the biological filter-feeding layer 2 is equipped with multiple layers of aquaculture nets 21, preferably three. The aquaculture nets 21 are made of flexible, wear-resistant mesh fabric and are connected to the floating bed layer 1 via a fixing frame 22. The sides of the aquaculture nets 21 have openable / closable loading / unloading ports 23 for convenient placement and harvesting of aquaculture organisms. The mesh size of different aquaculture nets 21 is adapted to the volume of the aquaculture organisms. Specifically, the mesh size of the nets for filter-feeding fish (silver carp, bighead carp) is 2cm × 2cm, and the mesh size of the nets for scraping snails (such as river snails) is 0.5cm × 0.5cm. The fixing frame 22 is a stainless steel rod, the top of which is bolted to the floating carrier of the floating bed layer 1, and the bottom is detachably connected to the edge of the aquaculture nets 21. Filter-feeding fish remove pollutants by filtering plankton and organic particles from the water, while scraping snails remove pollutants by scraping algae and biofilm from the water.

[0032] Purification layer 3: Located below the biological filter-feeding layer 2, it is a closed space enclosed by the bottom main frame 41, the longitudinal connecting frame 42, and the mesh cover 43. It is used to stably support filter-feeding mussels and fix the microbial carriers at the bottom. Water passage holes 12 are opened on the side wall of the mesh cover 43 to allow water circulation between the purification layer 3 and the biological filter-feeding layer 2. A detachable filter screen is provided at the water passage holes 12. The pore size of the filter screen is 0.1cm, which is smaller than the minimum particle size of the immobilized microbial carrier (0.5cm). This is to prevent the microbial carriers from being lost with the water. The surface of the filter screen is provided with anti-clogging protrusions to prevent the screen from clogging and affecting water exchange. The purification layer 3 contains filter-feeding mussels (such as freshwater mussels), which remove pollutants by filtering suspended solids and organic matter in the water. The bottom is filled with immobilized microbial carriers made of porous ceramic particles, with a complex of nitrogen-cycling bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria that have been domesticated and cultured. This enhances the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants in the water. The immobilized microbial carrier particles are connected and fixed by flexible ropes to prevent the carriers from accumulating randomly in the water.

[0033] In the above embodiments, further, the mesh density of the mesh cover 43 of the purification layer 3 is differentiated for different functions; the mesh density of the mesh cover 43 corresponding to the biological filter feeding layer 2 area is 5 mesh / cm², which matches the needs of limiting the activity range of farmed fish and snails and the flow of water nutrients; the mesh density of the mesh cover 43 corresponding to the purification layer 3 area is 20 mesh / cm², which matches the needs of preventing the loss of mussels and immobilized microbial carriers and water exchange.

[0034] In this embodiment, the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber can be used alone to meet the wastewater purification needs of small family-style aquaculture ponds. Two multi-level three-dimensional biological chambers are directly placed in the outlet area of ​​the aquaculture pond. The aquaculture wastewater flows naturally through the biological chamber without the need for additional power to drive the water flow. Nutrient circulation and purification are achieved by relying on the water's own convection and biological metabolism.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a pond aquaculture wastewater purification system, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes the multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber and aquaculture pond 5 described in Example 1. The aquaculture pond 5 is provided with a mud and sand layer 51, a microbial degradation layer 54, an animal breeding layer 53 and a plant absorption layer 52 from bottom to top.

[0036] The aquaculture pond 5 has a rectangular structure and is used to settle large particulate suspended solids in the aquaculture effluent. The microbial degradation layer 54 is set above the sediment layer 51 and is filled with biological packing material. A large number of microorganisms are attached to the biological packing material to degrade organic matter and pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. An aeration component 541 is pre-embedded in the microbial degradation layer 54. The aeration component 541 includes microporous aeration discs, aeration pipes and aeration pumps (which can be implemented using existing components in the prior art). The microporous aeration discs are evenly distributed inside the microbial degradation layer 54 to ensure the metabolic activity of functional microorganisms.

[0037] The animal rearing layer 53 is located above the microbial degradation layer 54 and is equipped with several dividing nets for separate rearing of different types of filter-feeding animals (such as grass carp and common carp) to avoid mutual interference between different types of animals. The plant absorption layer 52 is located above the animal rearing layer 53 and is planted with a composite community of submerged and emergent plants. The submerged plants are Elodea nuttallii and Vallisneria natans, and the emergent plants are Acorus calamus and Typha orientalis. The plants remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the water through absorption. The bottom of the plant absorption layer 52 is equipped with an impermeable membrane 521 to prevent nutrients from seeping into the groundwater.

[0038] The multi-level three-dimensional biological chambers are connected to fixed piles on the bank of aquaculture pond 5 via pull ropes. These pull ropes are made of nylon and have tension adjustment devices (not shown in the diagram). Existing pull ropes and tension adjustment devices can be used. A counterweight 44, made of concrete, is located at the bottom of the biological chamber. By adjusting the weight of the counterweight 44 and the tension of the pull ropes, the immersion depth of the biological chamber is adjusted to 1.5m to suit the water level of aquaculture pond 5. The biological chambers are located at the outlet of aquaculture pond 5. The number of chambers installed is selected according to actual needs to ensure that the aquaculture wastewater can fully flow through the biological chambers for purification.

[0039] The aquaculture wastewater first flows through the plant absorption layer 52 of aquaculture pond 5, where plants absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the water through their roots, removing some pollutants. Next, the wastewater flows through the animal rearing layer 53, where animals remove plankton, organic particles, and algae through filter feeding and scraping. Then, the wastewater flows through the microbial degradation layer 54, where microorganisms, aided by aeration components 541, degrade organic matter and pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus through metabolism. Finally, the wastewater flows through the sediment layer 51, where large suspended particles settle under gravity. The wastewater discharge outlet is equipped with a multi-level, three-dimensional biological chamber, where the wastewater undergoes synergistic purification through the floating bed layer 1, the biological filter feeding layer 2, and the purification layer 3, achieving deep removal of pollutants. The purified water can be returned to aquaculture pond 5 for recycling via a return pipe or discharged directly.

[0040] Example 3 Based on Examples 1 and 2, to further improve the adaptability of the functional purification layer to the water body and the synergy of ecological functions, the vertical height of the functional purification layer is set according to the water depth of the water body placed in the bio-container and the synergistic needs of the ecological functions of each layer; the vertical height of the buoyancy layer matches the light-accessible range of the water surface to ensure that the vegetables grown there can obtain sufficient light to complete photosynthesis; the vertical height of the aquaculture layer corresponds to the activity space in the upper and middle layers of the water body, and its height is not less than half the depth of the light-transmitting layer of the water body to adapt to the swimming space of fish and the activity range of snails; the vertical height of the purification layer is adapted to the height of the still water area at the bottom of the water body, and its height is not less than the sum of the thickness of the immobilized microbial carrier and the space required for the habitat of mussels, while the total vertical height of each layer does not exceed the conventional water depth of the water body placed in the bio-container to ensure the stability of the overall structure and the integrity of the ecological cycle chain.

[0041] When setting the height, first construct constraint parameters based on the basic parameters of the water body and the habit parameters of the organisms, and finally form the target parameters.

[0042] Basic water parameters: initial concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and suspended solids (SS) in aquaculture wastewater; water depth, light intensity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water temperature; Biological parameters: photosynthetic efficiency of vegetables and root nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate in the buoyancy layer; daily excretion and activity space requirements of fish in the aquaculture layer; filter feeding rate of mussels, scraping efficiency of snails, and microbial degradation rate in the purification layer. Constraint parameters: overall height of the three-dimensional biological chamber, load-bearing limit of the frame structure; thickness of the mud and sand layer in the aquaculture pond, and plantable area of ​​the plant absorption layer; Target parameters: tailwater discharge standard (DB32 / 4043-2021 Taihu Lake Basin limit), expected resource utilization benefits (target yield of vegetables / fish / clams and snails).

[0043] Constrained by water depth and biological activity space requirements, the height ratio of the three layers of the three-dimensional biological chamber is calculated; the height of the buoyancy layer is also calculated. The formula for matching the surface illumination range is: ; in, This is the photosynthetic height coefficient for vegetables (valued from 0.3 to 0.5 depending on the variety). The effective light penetration depth of the water surface; A safety factor (0.9-0.95) is reserved for the top of the frame.

[0044] Aquaculture layer height The formula for matching fish swimming space with nutrient distribution in the upper and middle layers of water is: ; in, This is the priority coefficient for the aquaculture layer (with a value of 0.5-0.6 to meet the activity needs of fish). This refers to the total underwater height of the bio-container. The base height of the cleanroom layer, The nutrient distribution fit coefficient (the higher the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, the better). The larger the value.

[0045] Purification layer height The formula for matching the deployment of microbial carriers with the habitat requirements of mussels is: ; in, To fix the thickness of the microbial carrier, The minimum height required for shellfish to inhabit. , This is the spatial redundancy coefficient (values ​​range from 1.2 to 1.5).

[0046] With the goals of achieving purification efficiency and minimizing competition for biological survival, the biological density of each layer was calculated, and the vegetable density of the buoyancy layer was determined. Based on the matching of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater with the absorption rate of vegetables, the formula is: ; in, The volume of water treated by the biological treatment chamber, For a single vegetable plant per day Absorption capacity For the purification cycle, The redundancy absorption coefficient is (1.1-1.2).

[0047] Fish / snail density in the culture layer ( ): Based on the balance between fish excretion and vegetable absorption, combined with the feeding load of snails; Density of mussels / microorganisms in the purification layer ( ): Based on the matching of suspended solids concentration with the mussel's filter feeding rate and microbial degradation load.

[0048] In practical applications, the initial wastewater from aquaculture ponds in the Taihu Lake basin =15mg / L =2mg / L, water depth 1.5M, target purification ≤5mg / L ≤0.5mg / L, while achieving a vegetable yield of 500kg per mu and a fish yield of 150kg per mu; The above data and corresponding biological behavior parameters were collected, and the following calculations were performed based on these parameters: the buoyancy layer height of the biological chamber is 0.3m, the aquaculture layer height is 0.8m, and the purification layer height is 0.4m; the vegetable planting density in the buoyancy layer is 20 plants / m², the fish density in the aquaculture layer is 6 fish / chamber, and the mussel density in the purification layer is 18 mussels / chamber. A synergistic strategy was adopted, with 40% of the aquaculture pond planted with Elodea nuttallii and a stocking density of 10 silver carp / bighead carp per mu (approximately 667 square meters). After one cycle of operation, the absorption coefficient was fine-tuned based on the actual purification effect (TN reduced to 4.8 mg / L and vegetable yield of 520 kg / mu). That's all.

[0049] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change. Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other. In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-level, three-dimensional biological chamber, placed in a body of water, characterized in that, include: A frame structure, and at least three functional purification layers integrated within the frame structure, wherein each functional purification layer is arranged vertically from top to bottom, forming an independent yet collaborative micro-ecological cycle structure; the functional purification layer includes: The floating bed layer includes a floating carrier and functional plants planted on the floating carrier; the floating carrier adopts a lightweight porous structure and has plant planting holes, through which the roots of the functional plants extend into the water. A biological filter-feeding layer is located below the floating bed layer, and filter-feeding fish and scraping snails are placed in the biological filter-feeding layer; A purification layer is disposed below the biological filter-feeding layer, in which filter-feeding mussels are placed and the bottom is filled with immobilized microbial carriers. The floating bed layer, the biological filter feeding layer, and the purification layer form a nutrient cycle through water flow and biological metabolism. When setting the height, first construct constraint parameters based on the basic parameters of the water body and the habit parameters of the organisms, and finally form the target parameters; Basic water parameters: initial total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and suspended solids concentrations in aquaculture wastewater; water depth, light intensity, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature; Biological parameters: photosynthetic efficiency of vegetables and root nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate in the buoyancy layer; daily excretion and activity space requirements of fish in the aquaculture layer; filter feeding rate of mussels, scraping efficiency of snails, and microbial degradation rate in the purification layer. Constraint parameters: overall height of the three-dimensional biological chamber, load-bearing limit of the frame structure; thickness of the mud and sand layer in the aquaculture pond, and plantable area of ​​the plant absorption layer; Target parameters: wastewater discharge standards, target yields of vegetables / fish / clams / snails; Constrained by water depth and biological activity space requirements, the height ratio of the three layers of the three-dimensional biological chamber is calculated; the height of the buoyancy layer is also calculated. The formula for matching the surface illumination range is: ; in, This refers to the photosynthetic height coefficient of vegetables; The effective light penetration depth of the water surface; A safety margin should be reserved at the top of the frame; Aquaculture layer height The formula for matching fish swimming space with nutrient distribution in the upper and middle layers of water is: ; in, The priority coefficient for the aquaculture layer is set at 0.5-0.

6. This refers to the total underwater height of the bio-container. The height of the cleanroom layer, This refers to the nutrient distribution adaptation coefficient. Purification layer height The formula for matching the deployment of microbial carriers with the habitat requirements of mussels is: ; in, To fix the thickness of the microbial carrier, The minimum height required for shellfish to inhabit. , This is the spatial redundancy coefficient, with a value ranging from 1.2 to 1.

5. With the goals of achieving purification efficiency and minimizing competition for biological survival, the biological density of each layer was calculated, and the vegetable density of the buoyancy layer was determined. Based on the matching of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater with the absorption rate of vegetables, the formula is: ; in, The volume of water treated by the biological treatment chamber, For a single vegetable plant per day Absorption capacity For the purification cycle, The redundancy absorption factor is 1.1-1.2; Fish / snail density in the culture layer ( ): Based on the balance between fish excretion and vegetable absorption, combined with the feeding load of snails; Density of mussels / microorganisms in the purification layer ( ): Based on the matching of suspended solids concentration with the mussel's filter feeding rate and microbial degradation load.

2. The multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The framework structure includes: The main frame is a hollow structure, and the main frame is either circular, rectangular or irregular in shape, and multiple main frames are provided from top to bottom; Multiple longitudinal connecting frames are arranged at equal angles along the axial direction of the main frame. Two adjacent main frames are fixedly connected by the longitudinal connecting frames. The main frame and the longitudinal connecting frames are combined to form a multi-layer three-dimensional frame structure. The main frame and longitudinal connecting frame are covered with a mesh cover, which, together with the main frame and longitudinal connecting frame, forms a wraparound load-bearing structure with at least one open end.

3. The multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that, The net, in conjunction with the main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, forms independent spaces for the three-level functional purification layers from top to bottom. The net encloses the top area of ​​the uppermost main frame to form a support space adapted to the floating bed layer, allowing floating carriers to be erected and enabling the roots of functional plants to penetrate into the water below. The net forms an independent chamber for the biological filter-feeding layer in the middle area enclosed by the adjacent main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, which is used to limit the activity range of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails. The net forms a closed space for the purification layer in the bottom area enclosed by the lowermost main frame and the longitudinal connecting frame, which can stably support filter-feeding mussels and fix the microbial carriers at the bottom. The side walls of the net have water-permeable holes to allow water circulation between the layers to promote nutrient cycling.

4. The multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mesh density of the mesh cover is differentiated from top to bottom along the vertical direction, and the mesh density of the mesh cover decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

5. A multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several aquaculture nets are added inside the biological filter-feeding layer. The aquaculture nets are connected to the floating bed layer through a fixed frame to allow for the separate rearing of filter-feeding fish and scraping snails within the biological filter-feeding layer.

6. A multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aquaculture net has an openable opening on its side. The mesh size of the aquaculture net is adapted to the volume of the aquaculture organism. The top of the fixed frame is fixedly connected to the floating bed layer, and the bottom of the fixed frame is detachably connected to the aquaculture net.

7. A multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh cover is provided with a detachable filter screen on the side corresponding to the purification layer area, and the pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the immobilized microbial carrier.

8. A pond aquaculture wastewater purification system, characterized in that, The multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber according to any one of claims 1-5 further includes: an aquaculture pond; the aquaculture pond is provided with a mud and sand layer, a microbial degradation layer, an animal breeding layer and a plant absorption layer from bottom to top.

9. A pond aquaculture wastewater purification system according to claim 8, characterized in that, An aeration component is pre-embedded in the microbial degradation layer of the aquaculture pond. The aeration component includes a microporous aeration disc, an aeration pipe, and an aeration pump. The microporous aeration disc is evenly distributed inside the microbial degradation layer to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the degradation layer.

10. A pond aquaculture wastewater purification system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The multi-level three-dimensional biological chamber is connected to the fixed piles on the bank of the aquaculture pond by a pull rope. The pull rope is equipped with a tension adjustment device, and the bottom of the biological chamber is equipped with a counterweight to adjust the immersion depth of the biological chamber in the water, adapting to aquaculture pond scenarios with different water levels.

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