Aerospace material processing laser cutting device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of laser cutting device for aerospace material processing, specifically relates to laser cutting technical field, including workbench, the top of the workbench is equipped with three-axis moving platform, laser cutting head is installed on the Z-axis of three-axis moving platform, the top of the workbench is close to laser cutting head one side and is equipped with smoke hood, the track of the X-axis of three-axis moving platform is connected with the smoke hood by connecting arm, the negative pressure chamber can form negative pressure by smoke inlet hose when fan is opened, and the negative pressure chamber is communicated with suction dust collection chamber by lower movable cylinder and annular filter screen, therefore, the flue gas on the workbench will pass through smoke inlet hole, smoke hood and through hole into dust collection box in turn, and then be extracted to fan by smoke inlet hose and be sprayed from smoke outlet hose, main guide tube, branch guide tube and V-shaped nozzle, to further aerate the water flow outside the radiator tube body, so as to quickly take away the heat of the radiator tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting, and more specifically to a laser cutting device for processing aerospace materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the processing of some materials used in aerospace, laser cutting is often used. For example, titanium and titanium alloys, as well as aluminum alloys, are generally processed by laser cutting. During laser cutting, a high-energy-density laser beam is focused on the surface of the material, instantly heating the material locally to a melting and vaporizing state. At the same time, with the help of auxiliary gases (such as oxygen, nitrogen, air, etc.), the molten material is blown away from the cutting area to form a cutting gap. In this process, the melting, vaporization of the material and its reaction with the auxiliary gases will inevitably produce a large amount of fumes.

[0003] The existing laser cutting smoke removal process is relatively rudimentary. Generally, the air inlet of the fan is mounted around the laser cutting head through a pipe. Although it can remove smoke, the filter components are relatively simple and can easily damage the internal components of the fan. In addition, some of the kinetic energy of the smoke flow during the exhaust process is difficult to reuse. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cutting device for aerospace material processing to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser cutting device for aerospace material processing, comprising:

[0006] The worktable has a three-axis moving stage mounted on its top. A laser cutting head is mounted on the Z-axis of the three-axis moving stage. A fume hood is installed on the upper part of the worktable near the laser cutting head. The fume hood is connected to the X-axis track of the three-axis moving stage via a connecting arm. Several smoke inlets are opened at the bottom of the fume hood. Dust collection boxes are fixed on both sides of the fume hood, and a through hole is opened between the fume hood and the dust collection boxes. The dust collection boxes are equipped with a dust filtration mechanism to filter dust.

[0007] A water tank is provided at the rear end of the workbench. A fan is installed on the outer side of the water tank. The air inlet of the fan is connected to the bottom of the dust collection box through a smoke inlet hose. A heat dissipation pipe and a main air pipe are provided inside the water tank. The main air pipe is located on one side of the heat dissipation pipe and is rotatably connected to the water tank through a damping shaft. The heat dissipation pipe has a serpentine structure. The air outlet of the fan is connected to the main air pipe through a smoke outlet hose. Several branch air pipes extending into the inside of the heat dissipation pipe are provided on one side of the main air pipe. A V-shaped spray pipe facing the body of the heat dissipation pipe is provided at the top of the branch air pipe.

[0008] The top of the water tank is fixed with a cover plate, the bottom of the water tank is connected to a drain pipe, the top of the cover plate is connected to an exhaust pipe, and the two ports of the heat dissipation pipe extend to the outside of the water tank respectively. The two ports are the water inlet and the water outlet, respectively. The water inlet is connected to the water flow channel after the laser cutting head is cooled, while the water outlet is connected to the water inlet port of the chiller.

[0009] Preferably, the dust filtration mechanism includes a partition, which is fixed inside the dust collection box and divides the internal space of the dust collection box into an upper suction dust collection chamber and a lower negative pressure chamber.

[0010] The partition has a lower movable cylinder that can move up and down through it, and the negative pressure chamber is equipped with a vibration component for controlling the up and down vibration of the lower movable cylinder.

[0011] The air intake dust collection chamber is equipped with an upper movable cylinder. Several frames are fixed between the upper and lower movable cylinders by bolts, and an annular filter screen is installed on the outside of the frames between the upper and lower movable cylinders.

[0012] The upper movable cylinder is equipped with a backflushing component for backflushing and cleaning the annular filter screen.

[0013] Preferably, the vibration assembly includes a turntable, a transmission rod is fixed at the bottom center of the turntable, the bottom end of the transmission rod extends to the bottom of the dust collection box and is fixed with a transmission gear, the transmission gear is meshed with the rack of the Y-axis of the three-axis moving table, and several fixing blocks are fixed in a ring shape on the top of the turntable.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixed to the bottom of the lower movable cylinder, and an arc-shaped fixing plate is fixed above the fixing block at the bottom of the connecting plate. A spherical block is fixed to the bottom of the fixing plate, and the top two sides of the fixing block have a rounded transition.

[0015] Preferably, a spring-loaded part for rebounding the lower movable cylinder is provided below the partition plate. The spring-loaded part includes a lower limiting ring, which is fixed to the outside of the lower movable cylinder, and the lower movable cylinder is located below the partition plate. Limiting posts penetrate all four sides of the outer perimeter of the lower limiting ring. A limiting plate is fixed at the bottom of the limiting post at the bottom of the lower limiting ring. A first spring is provided between the partition plate and the lower limiting ring on the outside of the limiting post.

[0016] Preferably, the backflushing assembly includes an upper limit ring fixed to the outside of the upper movable cylinder, a fixing ring sleeved at the bottom of the upper movable cylinder, a fixing frame connected between the fixing ring and the wall of the dust collection box, a fixing cover provided above the upper movable cylinder, a fixing column fixed at the bottom top of the dust collection box, the fixing cover and the fixing column being fixed by bolts, a corrugated pipe installed between the fixing cover and the upper movable cylinder, and a blowpipe threaded inside the fixing cover, the nozzle of the blowpipe extending above the fixing cover, and the nozzle of the blowpipe being connected to a conduit for compressed air entry, the end of the conduit penetrating sequentially through a partition and the bottom of the dust collection box, and an electromagnetic one-way valve installed on the conduit, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the electromagnetic one-way valve being provided inside the negative pressure chamber.

[0017] Preferably, the control unit includes a fixed cylinder fixed to the bottom of the dust collection box. One end of the fixed cylinder is open, and the other end of the fixed cylinder is closed and extends to the outside of the dust collection box. A movable stopper is provided inside the fixed cylinder. A piston rod is connected to one side of the stopper. The piston rod extends through the fixed cylinder to the outside of the dust collection box and is fixed with a button. A second spring is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod between the fixed cylinder and the button.

[0018] A touch switch is installed on the bottom side of the dust collection box near the open end of the fixed cylinder. The contact of the touch switch extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder. The touch switch is used to control the control process of the electromagnetic one-way valve.

[0019] Preferably, the outer wall of the dust collection box is bolted with a removable transparent baffle, the lowest point of which is flush with the top of the partition.

[0020] Preferably, a sealing gasket is provided between the cover plate and the water tank, and the height of the exhaust hose is higher than the liquid level of the cooling water inside the water tank.

[0021] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0022] When the fan is turned on, the negative pressure chamber is created through the smoke inlet hose. The negative pressure chamber is connected to the suction and dust collection chamber through the lower movable cylinder and the annular filter. Therefore, the flue gas on the workbench will enter the dust collection box through the smoke inlet hole, the smoke hood, and the through hole in sequence. Then, it will be drawn to the fan by the smoke inlet hose and sprayed out from the smoke outlet hose, the main air pipe, the branch air pipe and the V-shaped spray pipe. This will "aerate" the water flow on the outside of the heat dissipation pipe, thereby quickly removing the heat from the heat dissipation pipe.

[0023] The dust filtration mechanism can filter the flue gas to reduce damage to the fan. As the laser cutting head moves, the transmission gear will drive the transmission rod to move, which will force the spherical block and the fixed block to move relative to each other. With the help of the rebound limit part, the lower movable cylinder can vibrate up and down. Through the frame, the upper movable cylinder and the ring filter can vibrate up and down, thereby shaking off the dust on the outside of the ring filter.

[0024] When the annular filter becomes clogged after prolonged use, the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber is further increased. At this time, the stopper will move towards the touch switch and contact the contact of the touch switch, thereby opening the solenoid one-way valve. Compressed air enters the duct and is sprayed out from the blowpipe, thereby backflushing the filter holes of the annular filter. The strong pressure of the compressed air can quickly unclog the filter holes of the annular filter, thus extending the service life of the annular filter dust filtration mechanism.

[0025] The ultimate goal of this operation is to further reduce the cooling pressure of the chiller. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, in which two dust collection boxes are located on both sides of the fume hood;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the smoking hood of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is an external view of the dust collection box of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collection box after the external transparent baffle is opened;

[0034] Figure 8 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the internal structure of the dust collection box of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9This is the second schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dust collection box of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the dust filtration mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a front view of the dust filtration mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing block and the spherical block of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of part A in the image;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jet pipe of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 15 This is an external view of the fixing cylinder of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixing cylinder of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 17 This is an external view of the water tank of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water tank of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the heat dissipation pipe where the branch air pipe of the present invention is located;

[0046] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the V-shaped nozzle of the present invention.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0048] 1. Workbench; 2. Dust collection box; 3. Connecting arm; 4. Fume hood; 5. Water tank; 6. Cover plate; 7. Exhaust pipe; 8. Smoke inlet hose; 9. Fan; 10. Smoke inlet hole; 11. Transparent baffle; 12. Transmission rod; 13. Through hole; 14. Conduit; 15. Button; 16. Annular filter screen; 17. Electromagnetic check valve; 18. Partition plate; 19. Lower movable cylinder; 20. Upper movable cylinder; 21. Upper limit ring; 22. Bellows; 23. Fixed cover; 24. Fixed ring; 25. Fixed frame; 26. 27. Fixed column; 28. Transmission gear; 29. ​​Turntable; 30. Fixed block; 31. Fixed plate; 32. Connecting plate; 33. Lower limit ring; 34. Spherical block; 35. Limiting column; 36. Limiting disc; 37. Blowpipe; 38. Fixed cylinder; 39. Plug disc; 40. Touch switch; 41. Piston rod; 42. Second spring; 43. Drain pipe; 44. Smoke outlet hose; 45. Main air pipe; 46. Branch air pipe; 47. V-shaped nozzle; 48. First spring; 49. Heat dissipation pipe; 40. Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] This invention provides, for example Figures 1-20 The laser cutting device for aerospace material processing shown includes a worktable 1. A three-axis moving stage is mounted on the top of the worktable 1. A laser cutting head is mounted on the Z-axis of the three-axis moving stage. The worktable is a conventional three-axis moving stage used for laser cutting. The Z-axis uses a lead screw slide rail slider as the drive mechanism to control the up-and-down movement of the laser cutting head mounted on the slider. The X and Y axes both use slider slide rails with gear racks and motors to control the slider movement. The motor is mounted on the slider, and the gear is mounted on the drive shaft of the motor, with the gear teeth meshing with the rack. By controlling the drive process of each motor, the up-and-down, left-and-right, and forward-and-backward movement of the laser cutting head on the worktable (i.e., X, Y, and Z directions) can be controlled. See the attached diagram for details. Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a conventional technology, and is only used here as a simple explanation to facilitate understanding of the movement principle of the existing three-axis moving stage; A fume hood 4 is set on the upper part of the worktable 1 near the laser cutting head. The fume hood 4 is connected to the X-axis track of the three-axis moving stage through the connecting arm 3. The connection with the X-axis track is to fix the position of the fume hood 4, and the fume hood 4 is not allowed to move left or right. It can only move back and forth along the worktable 1 to facilitate the real-time extraction of the smoke generated by the worktable. Several smoke inlet holes 10 are opened at the bottom of the fume hood 4. Dust collection boxes 2 are fixed on both sides of the fume hood 4, and a through hole 13 is opened between the fume hood 4 and the dust collection box 2. The dust collection box 2 is equipped with a dust filtration mechanism to filter dust.

[0051] A water tank 5 is provided at the rear end of the workbench 1. A fan 9 is installed on the outer side of the water tank 5. The air inlet of the fan 9 is connected to the bottom of the dust collection box 2 through a smoke inlet hose 8. The water tank 5 is provided with a heat dissipation pipe 48 and a main air pipe 44. The main air pipe 44 is located on one side of the heat dissipation pipe 48, and the main air pipe 44 is rotatably connected to the water tank 5 through a damping shaft. The heat dissipation pipe 48 has a serpentine structure. The air outlet of the fan 9 is connected to the main air pipe 44 through a smoke outlet hose 43. Several branch air pipes 45 extending to the inside of the heat dissipation pipe 48 are provided on one side of the main air pipe 44. A V-shaped spray pipe 46 facing the body of the heat dissipation pipe 48 is provided at the top of the branch air pipe 45.

[0052] A cover plate 6 is fixed to the top of the water tank 5, and an exhaust pipe 7 is connected to the top of the cover plate 6. Two ports of the heat dissipation pipe 48 extend to the outside of the water tank 5, respectively, serving as the inlet and outlet. The inlet is connected to the water flow channel after the laser cutting head has cooled, while the outlet is connected to the inlet port of the chiller. It should be noted that during the operation of a laser cutting machine, a chiller and an air compressor are generally required to participate in the cooling system of the laser cutting head. This part involves the chiller. The design of this application is to add an auxiliary device to the laser cutting head cooling system during the laser cutting process. This device mainly utilizes the fact that after the flue gas is drawn in along with a large amount of air through the fume hood, most of the heat contained in the flue gas is cooled. Under the action of fan 9 (the power of fan 9 is selected according to actual needs), the cooled flue gas is forced and sprayed out sequentially from the exhaust hose 43, main air pipe 44, branch air pipe 45 and V-shaped nozzle 46, thereby "aeration" of the water flow on the outside of the heat dissipation pipe 48, thus quickly removing the heat of the heat dissipation pipe 48. This effect is more efficient than simply using water flow to cool the heat dissipation pipe 48, and the flue gas can also be further cleaned by the cooling water, so the factory exhaust pipe will be cleaner. After that, the cooling water inside the water tank 5 can be replaced regularly. When replacing, open the cover plate 6 and open the valve on the drain pipe 42 at the same time to facilitate cleaning of the inside of the water tank 5 and the outside of the heat dissipation pipe 48. This operation can further reduce the cooling pressure of the chiller.

[0053] A sealing gasket is provided between the cover plate 6 and the water tank 5 to seal the gap between the cover plate 6 and the water tank 5. After the exhaust pipe 7 is connected to the flue gas exhaust pipe inside the factory, the flue gas generated by this laser cutting device during operation can be discharged. The height of the exhaust hose 43 is higher than the liquid level of the cooling water inside the water tank 5.

[0054] In this case, the control process of fan 9 can be achieved by using a separate existing switch. The power connection process will not be described in detail, as this is a conventional technique.

[0055] The dust filtration mechanism includes a partition 18, which is fixed inside the dust collection box 2. The partition 18 divides the internal space of the dust collection box 2 into an upper suction dust collection chamber and a lower negative pressure chamber.

[0056] The interior of the partition 18 is through a lower movable cylinder 19 that can move up and down, and the interior of the negative pressure chamber is equipped with a vibration component for controlling the up and down vibration of the lower movable cylinder 19.

[0057] The air suction dust collection chamber is equipped with an upper movable cylinder 20. Several frames 49 are fixed between the upper movable cylinder 20 and the lower movable cylinder 19 by bolts. An annular filter screen 16 is installed between the upper movable cylinder 20 and the lower movable cylinder 19 on the outside of the frames 49.

[0058] The upper movable cylinder 20 is equipped with a back-flushing component for back-flushing and cleaning the annular filter screen 16.

[0059] The vibration assembly includes a turntable 28, a transmission rod 12 is fixed at the bottom center of the turntable 28, the bottom end of the transmission rod 12 extends to the bottom of the dust collection box 2 and is fixed with a transmission gear 27, the transmission gear 27 is meshed with the rack of the Y-axis of the three-axis moving table, and several fixing blocks 29 are fixed in a ring shape on the top of the turntable 28.

[0060] A connecting plate 31 is fixed to the bottom of the lower movable cylinder 19. The bottom of the connecting plate 31 is located above the fixed block 29 and a fixed plate 30 with an arc structure is fixed. A spherical block 33 is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate 30. The top two sides of the fixed block 29 are arc-shaped transitions. The purpose of the arc-shaped transitions on the top two sides of the fixed block 29 is to reduce the friction on the spherical block 33 and facilitate the spherical block 33 to roll off the fixed block 29. The connection between the transmission rod 12 and the dust collection box 2 is sealed with a shaft seal to facilitate the rotation of the transmission rod 12 while maintaining the sealing of the connection between it and the dust collection box 2.

[0061] The outer wall of the dust collection box 2 is bolted with a removable transparent baffle 11. The lowest point of the transparent baffle 11 is flush with the top of the partition 18. The dust accumulated on the partition 18 can be seen through the transparent baffle 11, making it convenient to open the transparent baffle 11 for cleaning.

[0062] Below the partition 18, there is a spring-loaded part for the lower movable cylinder 19 to spring back. The spring-loaded part includes a lower limit ring 32, which is fixed to the outside of the lower movable cylinder 19, and the lower movable cylinder 19 is located below the partition 18. Limiting posts 34 pass through the outer perimeter of the lower limit ring 32. The bottom of the limiting posts 34 is fixed to the bottom of the lower limit ring 32 with a limiting plate 35. A first spring 47 is provided between the partition 18 and the lower limit ring 32 on the outside of the limiting posts 34. As the laser cutting head moves, the entire crossbeam will move along the length direction of the three-axis moving table (that is, the X-axis of the three-axis moving table moves perpendicular to the Y-axis).

[0063] During this process, since the transmission gear 27 meshes with the rack of the Y-axis of the three-axis moving table, the transmission gear 27 will drive the transmission rod 12 to move, which will force the spherical block 33 and the fixed block 29 to move relative to each other. With the help of the rebound limiting part, the lower movable cylinder 19 can vibrate up and down. Through the frame 49, the upper movable cylinder 20 and the annular filter screen 16 can be driven to vibrate up and down, and in turn, the dust outside the annular filter screen 16 is shaken off.

[0064] The shaken-off dust will accumulate on the top of the partition 18. The dust content inside the suction dust collection chamber can be observed at any time through the transparent baffle 11 so that it can be cleaned regularly. The distance between the annular filter 16 and the partition 18 can be lengthened to reduce the probability that the dust accumulated on the partition 18 will be re-adsorbed onto the annular filter 16.

[0065] The backflushing assembly includes an upper limit ring 21 fixed to the outside of the upper movable cylinder 20. A fixing ring 24 is fitted around the bottom of the upper limit ring 21 on the outside of the upper movable cylinder 20. A fixing bracket 25 is connected between the fixing ring 24 and the wall of the dust collection box 2. A fixing cover 23 is provided above the upper movable cylinder 20. A fixing post 26 is fixed to the bottom and top of the dust collection box 2. The fixing cover 23 and the fixing post 26 are fixed together by bolts. A bellows 22 is installed between the fixing cover 23 and the upper movable cylinder 20. A blowpipe 36 is threaded inside the fixing cover 23. The nozzle of the blowpipe 36 extends above the fixing cover 23. A conduit 14 for compressed air to enter is connected to the nozzle of the blowpipe 36. The end of the conduit 14 passes through the partition 18 and the bottom of the dust collection box 2 in sequence. An electromagnetic check valve 17 is installed on the conduit 14. A control unit for controlling the operation of the electromagnetic check valve 17 is provided inside the negative pressure chamber.

[0066] The control unit includes a fixed cylinder 37 fixed inside the bottom of the dust collection box 2. One end of the fixed cylinder 37 is open, and the other end of the fixed cylinder 37 is closed and extends to the outside of the dust collection box 2. A movable stopper 38 is provided inside the fixed cylinder 37. A piston rod 40 is connected to one side of the stopper 38. The piston rod 40 passes through the fixed cylinder 37 and extends to the outside of the dust collection box 2 and is fixed with a button 15. A second spring 41 is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 40 between the fixed cylinder 37 and the button 15.

[0067] A touch switch 39 is installed on the bottom side of the dust collection box 2 near the open end of the fixed cylinder 37. The contact of the touch switch 39 extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder 37. The touch switch 39 is used to control the control process of the electromagnetic check valve 17. That is, when the touch switch 39 is pressed, the electromagnetic check valve 17 opens. As for how the circuit of the electromagnetic check valve 17 is connected to the touch switch 39, it is conventional technology. The power supply line of the electromagnetic check valve 17 passes through the bottom of the dust collection box 2. The two can be sealed by applying glue. Under normal conditions, under the action of the second spring 41, the stopper 38 can be moved away from the contact of the touch switch 39.

[0068] First, the materials to be processed for aerospace applications are placed on top of the workbench 1. Then, the laser cutting head is started and moved to cut according to a pre-numbered program (this program is mostly edited by engineers and is not within the scope of protection of this case, so it is not considered). At the same time, the fan 9 is turned on. After the fan 9 is turned on, the negative pressure chamber can be formed through the smoke inlet hose 8. The negative pressure chamber is connected to the suction dust collection chamber through the lower movable cylinder 19 and the annular filter 16. Therefore, the smoke on the workbench will enter the dust collection box 2 through the smoke inlet hole 10, the smoke hood 4, and the through hole 13 in sequence. Then, it is drawn by the smoke inlet hose 8 to the fan 9 and sprayed out from the smoke outlet hose 43, the main air pipe 44, the branch air pipe 45 and the V-shaped nozzle 46, which in turn "aeration" the water flow on the outside of the heat dissipation pipe 48, thereby quickly removing the heat from the heat dissipation pipe 48.

[0069] When the annular filter 16 becomes clogged after prolonged use (the above solution uses vibration, but vibration can only shake off loose debris from the surface or filter holes of the annular filter 16; it is not very effective when debris completely clogs the filter holes of the annular filter 16), a backflushing component must be used in conjunction. The response time of the backflushing component is extremely important; it must only be activated when the filter holes of the annular filter 16 are clogged. Existing backflushing is basically timed control, and sometimes it remains open even when the filter holes are clear, which wastes compressed air inside the air compressor. Over time, this wastes energy. As the negative pressure inside the negative pressure chamber increases, the negative pressure is further enhanced (even if the negative pressure chamber is connected to the outside, it will not affect anything, because the air entering through the annular filter 16 accounts for the highest proportion). At this time, the stopper 38 will move towards the touch switch 39 and contact the contact of the touch switch 39, thereby opening the solenoid one-way valve 17. Compressed air enters the duct 14 and is sprayed out from the blow pipe 36, thereby back-blowing the filter holes of the annular filter 16. The strong pressure of the compressed air can quickly clear the filter holes of the annular filter 16, so as to extend the service effect of the dust filtration mechanism of the annular filter 16.

[0070] When the filter holes of the annular filter screen 16 are cleared again, the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber is normal. Under the action of the second spring 41, the stopper disc 38 can be reset, that is, the touch switch 39 is reset, so as to close the compressed air entering the conduit 14 and reduce energy consumption.

[0071] The source of compressed air is not mentioned in this case because the laser cutting machine itself also needs to be used in conjunction with an air compressor. The conduit 14 can be connected to the same air compressor. In this case, the sealing of the negative pressure chamber is extremely important. The smoke inlet hose 8 and the conduit 14 are sealed with glue to the dust collection box 2. The sealing of pipes and wires is a conventional technology. The relevant details will not be described in this case. In addition, a pressure gauge can be installed on the outside of the negative pressure chamber for auxiliary judgment.

[0072] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for aerospace material processing, characterized in that, include: A workbench (1) is provided with a three-axis moving stage on its top. A laser cutting head is installed on the Z-axis of the three-axis moving stage. A fume hood (4) is provided on the side of the workbench (1) near the laser cutting head. The fume hood (4) is connected to the X-axis track of the three-axis moving stage via a connecting arm (3). Several smoke inlets (10) are provided at the bottom of the fume hood (4). Dust collection boxes (2) are fixed on both sides of the fume hood (4). A through hole (13) is provided between the fume hood (4) and the dust collection box (2). A dust filtration mechanism for filtering dust is provided inside the dust collection box (2). A water tank (5) is provided at the rear end of the workbench (1). A fan (9) is installed on the outer side of the water tank (5). The air inlet of the fan (9) is connected to the bottom of the dust collection box (2) through a smoke inlet hose (8). A heat dissipation pipe (48) and a main air pipe (44) are provided inside the water tank (5). The main air pipe (44) is located on one side of the heat dissipation pipe (48), and the main air pipe (44) is rotatably connected to the water tank (5) through a damping shaft. The heat dissipation pipe (48) has a serpentine structure. The air outlet of the fan (9) is connected to the main air pipe (44) through a smoke outlet hose (43). Several branch air pipes (45) extending to the inside of the heat dissipation pipe (48) are provided on one side of the main air pipe (44). A V-shaped nozzle (46) facing the body of the heat dissipation pipe (48) is provided at the top of the branch air pipe (45). The top of the water tank (5) is fixed with a cover plate (6), the bottom of the water tank (5) is connected with a drain pipe (42), the top of the cover plate (6) is connected with an exhaust pipe (7), and the two ports of the heat dissipation pipe (48) extend to the outside of the water tank (5) respectively. The two ports are the water inlet and the water outlet, where the water inlet is connected to the water flow channel after the laser cutting head is cooled, and the water outlet is connected to the water inlet port of the chiller. The dust filtration mechanism includes a partition (18), which is fixed inside the dust collection box (2). The partition (18) divides the internal space of the dust collection box (2) into an upper suction dust collection chamber and a lower negative pressure chamber. The partition (18) has a lower movable cylinder (19) that can move up and down through it, and the negative pressure chamber is equipped with a vibration component for controlling the up and down vibration of the lower movable cylinder (19). The air suction dust collection chamber is provided with an upper movable cylinder (20). Several frames (49) are fixed between the upper movable cylinder (20) and the lower movable cylinder (19) by bolts. An annular filter screen (16) is installed between the upper movable cylinder (20) and the lower movable cylinder (19) on the outside of the frames (49). The upper movable cylinder (20) is provided with a back-blowing assembly for back-blowing cleaning of the annular filter screen (16); The vibration assembly includes a turntable (28), a transmission rod (12) is fixed at the bottom center of the turntable (28), the bottom end of the transmission rod (12) extends to the bottom of the dust collection box (2) and is fixed with a transmission gear (27), the transmission gear (27) meshes with the rack of the Y-axis of the three-axis moving table, and a number of fixing blocks (29) are fixed in a ring at the top of the turntable (28). The bottom of the lower movable cylinder (19) is fixed with a connecting plate (31), and the bottom of the connecting plate (31) is fixed with an arc-shaped fixing plate (30) above the fixing block (29). The bottom of the fixing plate (30) is fixed with a spherical block (33), and the top two sides of the fixing block (29) are both arc-shaped transitions. Below the partition (18) is a spring-back part for rebounding the lower movable cylinder (19). The spring-back part includes a lower limiting ring (32). The lower limiting ring (32) is fixed to the outside of the lower movable cylinder (19), and the lower movable cylinder (19) is located below the partition (18). Limiting posts (34) penetrate the outer periphery of the lower limiting ring (32). A limiting plate (35) is fixed at the bottom of the lower limiting ring (32). A first spring (47) is provided on the outside of the limiting post (34) between the partition (18) and the lower limiting ring (32).

2. The laser cutting device for aerospace material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backflushing assembly includes an upper limit ring (21) fixed to the outside of the upper movable cylinder (20). A fixing ring (24) is fitted around the bottom of the upper limit ring (21) on the outside of the upper movable cylinder (20). A fixing bracket (25) is connected between the fixing ring (24) and the wall of the dust collection box (2). A fixing cover (23) is provided above the upper movable cylinder (20). A fixing column (26) is fixed to the top of the inside of the dust collection box (2). The fixing cover (23) and the fixing column (26) are fixed together by bolts. A bellows (22) is installed between the upper movable cylinder (20) and the fixed cover (23), and a blow pipe (36) is threadedly connected to the inside of the fixed cover (23). The nozzle of the blow pipe (36) extends to the top of the fixed cover (23), and the nozzle of the blow pipe (36) is connected to a conduit (14) for compressed air to enter. The end of the conduit (14) passes through the partition (18) and the bottom of the dust collection box (2) in sequence. An electromagnetic one-way valve (17) is installed on the conduit (14). The inside of the negative pressure chamber is provided with a control unit to control the operation of the electromagnetic one-way valve (17).

3. The laser cutting device for aerospace material processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit includes a fixed cylinder (37) fixed to the bottom of the dust collection box (2). One end of the fixed cylinder (37) is open, and the other end of the fixed cylinder (37) is closed and extends to the outside of the dust collection box (2). A movable stopper (38) is provided inside the fixed cylinder (37). A piston rod (40) is connected to one side of the stopper (38). The piston rod (40) extends through the fixed cylinder (37) to the outside of the dust collection box (2) and is fixed with a button (15). A second spring (41) is sleeved between the fixed cylinder (37) and the button (15) on the outside of the piston rod (40). A touch switch (39) is installed on the bottom of the dust collection box (2) near the open end of the fixed cylinder (37). The contact of the touch switch (39) extends into the interior of the fixed cylinder (37). The touch switch (39) is used to control the electromagnetic check valve (17).

4. The laser cutting device for aerospace material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the dust collection box (2) is bolted with a removable transparent baffle (11), the lowest end of which is flush with the top of the partition (18).

5. The laser cutting device for aerospace material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing gasket is provided between the cover plate (6) and the water tank (5), and the height of the exhaust hose (43) is higher than the liquid level of the cooling water inside the water tank (5).

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