Deformation monitoring method for super high-rise building and related device
By using the Moiré sampling method and UAV technology to monitor the deformation of super high-rise buildings, the problems of high measurement difficulty and limited range in existing technologies have been solved, achieving efficient and accurate deformation monitoring, which is suitable for dynamic monitoring over long spans.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511488034.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for monitoring deformation in super high-rise buildings suffer from problems such as high measurement difficulty and limited measurement range, failing to meet the requirements of modern engineering for efficient, accurate, and economical monitoring, and are easily affected by the construction site environment.
The phase difference of the grating marks is calculated using the Moiré sampling method. Combined with UAV imaging technology, images of the building facade are acquired. The displacement of the building is monitored by calculating the change in the grating phase difference. Dynamic error compensation is introduced to correct measurement errors.
It enables real-time and accurate deformation detection of super high-rise buildings, expands the measurement range, reduces monitoring costs, improves monitoring efficiency, reduces construction difficulty, and ensures measurement accuracy and reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121430482A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building deformation monitoring technology, and specifically relates to a deformation monitoring method and related device for super high-rise buildings. Background Technology
[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, urban land resources are becoming increasingly scarce. In order to achieve efficient space utilization on limited land and meet the ever-growing and diversified needs of cities for offices, commerce, and residences, super high-rise buildings have emerged and rapidly risen in popularity. Although super high-rise buildings have many advantages, their construction cycle is usually longer and their structure is more complex and variable due to their height and scale far exceeding that of ordinary buildings. During the long construction process, they are prone to structural defects such as excessive deformation and concrete cracks. Therefore, deformation monitoring of super high-rise buildings is particularly important to ensure their safety and stability.
[0003] Currently, most deformation monitoring methods for super high-rise buildings employ displacement detection, but these methods are generally difficult to measure and have limited measurement range, failing to meet the requirements of modern engineering for efficient, accurate, and economical monitoring. Displacement detection methods are classified into contact measurement methods and non-contact measurement methods based on whether they contact the surface of the object being measured.
[0004] Contact measurement methods typically involve placing contact displacement sensors, such as vibrating wire displacement sensors, resistance displacement gauges, mechanical dial indicators, and optical scales, on the surface of the object being measured. This converts the displacement changes of the object into measurable signals, thus enabling displacement measurement. However, in contact measurement methods, because contact displacement sensors are point-based, a single sensor measures the displacement of only one point at a time. For comprehensive deformation monitoring of high-rise buildings, multiple points need to be monitored simultaneously, significantly increasing monitoring costs. Secondly, the diverse structural forms of high-rise buildings make accurate displacement distribution prediction difficult, leading to complex sensor placement and increased construction challenges. Furthermore, construction sites are subject to factors such as dust, vibration, and electromagnetic interference, which can affect sensor measurement accuracy and potentially damage sensors, disrupting the normal operation of monitoring work.
[0005] Non-contact measurement methods include GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), LDS (Laser Displacement Sensor), traditional leveling, and total station methods. While GNSS and LDS can provide high-precision real-time displacement data, they are primarily limited to point measurements with a limited range, failing to provide comprehensive and accurate information for the safety assessment of super high-rise buildings. During the construction of super high-rise buildings, the building structure is constantly changing, and deformation occurs in real time. Although traditional leveling and total station methods are simple and intuitive to operate, they require manual recording of measurement data followed by complex data processing and analysis. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also prone to human error, making it difficult to meet the needs of real-time monitoring and providing timely and accurate deformation information, thus affecting construction decisions and safety assurance. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a deformation monitoring method and related device for super high-rise buildings, so as to solve the technical problems that existing deformation monitoring methods for super high-rise buildings generally have high measurement difficulty and limited measurement range.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings, comprising: Acquire an image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured; wherein, the exterior facade of the building to be measured has several pre-set displacement deformation measurement points, and each displacement deformation measurement point is marked with a grating mark; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured contains at least two grating marks; Based on the Moiré sampling method, the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test is calculated to obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point; Based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measuring point, the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point is calculated. Based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the facade of the building under test is calculated.
[0008] Furthermore, several displacement deformation measurement points are set vertically at intervals along the exterior facade of the building to be measured, and all displacement deformation measurement points are located on the same vertical straight line. The grating mark is a two-dimensional grating pattern, and the X direction of the two-dimensional grating pattern is parallel to the horizontal direction of the ground; the grating pitch and grating period of the grating mark at all displacement deformation measurement points are the same.
[0009] Furthermore, the process of acquiring images of the exterior facade of the building under test includes: Determine the UAV flight parameters based on the exterior facade information of the building to be measured; Based on the determined UAV flight parameters, the UAV is used to take pictures of each displacement deformation measurement point on the exterior facade of the building under test in either a vertical ascending or descending direction, thereby obtaining an image of the exterior facade of the building under test.
[0010] Furthermore, based on the moiré sampling method, the process of calculating the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test, and obtaining the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point, includes: Using the moiré sampling method, the phase features of each grating mark in the facade image of the building under test are extracted to obtain the moiré fringes of each grating mark in a preset direction; The moiré fringes of each grating mark in a preset direction are converted into cosine waves to obtain the cosine wave image corresponding to each grating mark in the exterior image of the building under test. Calculate the phase difference of the cosine wave image corresponding to two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point.
[0011] Furthermore, based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measuring point, the process of calculating the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point is as follows:
[0012] in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0013] Furthermore, based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, the process of calculating the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the facade of the building under test is as follows:
[0014] in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; The grating period is marked for the grating; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a dynamic error compensation step; specifically, the dynamic error compensation step is as follows: Based on the image of the building facade taken by the UAV in the vertical upward direction, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points of the building facade is calculated to obtain the displacement change under the upward path. Based on the exterior image of the building under test taken by the UAV in the vertical descent direction, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior of the building under test is calculated to obtain the displacement change under the descent path. The lifting and lowering measurement deviation is obtained based on the displacement change under the rising path and the displacement change under the falling path. Determine whether the measurement deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold; If so, the overall displacement measurement deviation is obtained based on the displacement change under the upward path and the displacement change under the downward path. Based on the overall deviation of displacement measurement, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building to be measured is compensated for, and the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building to be measured is obtained after compensation.
[0016] Furthermore, based on the overall deviation of the displacement measurement, the process of compensating for the displacement changes of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building under test, and obtaining the compensated displacement changes of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building under test, is as follows:
[0017]
[0018]
[0019] in, For the compensated first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change compensation; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The distance between each displacement deformation measuring point; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The total distance between all displacement deformation measuring points; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The overall deviation of displacement measurement; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the upward path; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the descent path; The numbering of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured; This is the number of the displacement and deformation measuring point at the lowest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. This is the number of the displacement deformation measuring point at the highest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0020] This invention also provides a deformation monitoring system for super high-rise buildings, comprising: The image acquisition module is used to acquire an image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured; wherein, the exterior facade of the building to be measured has several pre-set displacement deformation measurement points, and each displacement deformation measurement point is set with a grating mark; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured contains at least two grating marks; The phase difference calculation module is used to calculate the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test based on the moiré sampling method, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point; The phase difference change calculation module is used to calculate the grating phase difference change at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measurement point based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point. The displacement change calculation module is used to calculate the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building under test based on the change of grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point.
[0021] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: A processor is used to execute computer programs; A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, performs the deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings provided by this invention acquires an exterior facade image of the building under test containing at least two grating marks, and calculates the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image based on the Moiré sampling method, thereby obtaining the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point for each displacement deformation measurement point. Then, based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points for the same displacement deformation measurement point, the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measurement point on the facade of the building under test is calculated, achieving real-time and accurate detection of displacement deformation in super high-rise buildings. This provides accurate information for construction decisions and ensures construction safety. Specifically, several displacement deformation measurement points are preset on the facade of the building under test, with grating marks set at each point. The acquired exterior facade image containing at least two grating marks is used... This invention enables simultaneous monitoring of multiple displacement deformation measurement points, effectively expanding the measurement range and allowing for more comprehensive acquisition of deformation information on the facades of super high-rise buildings. Furthermore, it only requires pre-set grating marks on the facade of the building under test, eliminating the need for complex contact sensors at each displacement deformation measurement point. This effectively controls overall monitoring costs, reduces construction difficulty, and significantly improves monitoring efficiency. Secondly, the displacement change calculation and analysis based on phase feature extraction using the Moiré sampling method is unaffected by factors such as dust, vibration, and electromagnetic interference at the construction site, ensuring measurement accuracy. The invention is simple to operate, capable of completing large-scale data acquisition and analysis in a short time, exhibiting high monitoring efficiency and supporting continuous monitoring over long periods, making it suitable for the long-term health monitoring needs of super high-rise buildings.
[0023] Furthermore, drones are used to take aerial photos of each displacement and deformation measurement point on the facade of the building under test, thereby obtaining images of the facade and effectively expanding the monitoring range of displacement and deformation of the building. In addition, drones can automatically take aerial photos based on pre-determined flight parameters to cover the entire facade of the building under test, ensuring that all key parts can be effectively monitored and reducing manpower input.
[0024] Furthermore, by introducing a dynamic error compensation step, measurement errors caused by changes in UAV attitude and environmental factors can be corrected in real time, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of displacement deformation monitoring results.
[0025] The deformation monitoring system and electronic equipment for super high-rise buildings provided by this invention have all the advantages of the aforementioned deformation monitoring methods for super high-rise buildings. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1A flowchart of the deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings provided in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of acquiring the exterior facade image of the building under test in Example 1; Figure 3 For example, the first one in Example 1 Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The principle diagram for calculating the grating phase difference; Figure 4 For example, the first one in Example 1 Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The principle diagram for calculating the grating phase difference; Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the deformation monitoring system for a super high-rise building provided in Example 2; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the electronic device provided in Example 3. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects clearer, the following specific embodiments provide a further detailed description of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0028] This invention provides a deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Obtain an image of the exterior facade of the building to be tested; wherein, the exterior facade of the building to be tested has several pre-set displacement deformation measurement points, and each displacement deformation measurement point is marked with a grating mark; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be tested contains at least two grating marks.
[0029] Step 200: Based on the Moiré sampling method, calculate the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building to be measured, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point.
[0030] Step 300: Based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measuring point, calculate the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point.
[0031] Step 400: Based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, calculate the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the facade of the building to be measured.
[0032] The deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings described in this invention acquires an image of the building facade containing at least two grating markers. Based on the Moiré sampling method, it calculates the phase difference between two adjacent grating markers in the facade image and calculates the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measurement point. This yields the displacement change at a preset displacement deformation measurement point on the building facade. This method enables efficient, accurate, and economical deformation monitoring of super high-rise buildings, meeting modern engineering monitoring requirements and ensuring construction decision-making and building safety. Compared to existing contact measurement methods, it eliminates the need for numerous point sensors, avoiding the high costs, complex sensor layout, and susceptibility to environmental interference associated with comprehensive monitoring of multiple measurement points. Compared to existing non-contact measurement methods, it overcomes the limitations of GNSS and LDS measurement ranges, and the time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone traditional leveling and total station methods, as well as the difficulty in real-time monitoring. It boasts high measurement accuracy and fast calculation efficiency, making it particularly suitable for dynamic monitoring of super high-rise buildings and other structures with long time spans.
[0033] The following specific embodiments further explain the deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings provided by the present invention: Example 1 As attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment 1 provides a deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings, including the following steps: Step 1: Obtain an image of the exterior facade of the building to be tested; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be tested must contain at least two raster markers.
[0034] It should be noted that several displacement deformation measuring points are pre-set on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. These measuring points are vertically spaced along the exterior facade, and all measuring points are located on the same vertical line. The measuring points are numbered sequentially from bottom to top as the first displacement deformation measuring point. The second displacement deformation measuring point ,…,No. Displacement and deformation measuring points ,…,No. Displacement and deformation measuring points ; This represents the total number of displacement deformation measurement points; This is the number of the displacement and deformation measuring point at the lowest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. The numbering of the displacement deformation measuring point at the highest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. Each displacement deformation measurement point is marked with a grating mark, which is a two-dimensional grating pattern with the X-direction parallel to the horizontal direction of the ground. The grating pitch and period of the grating marks at all displacement deformation measurement points are identical. Each grating mark is printed on paper using a 1200dpi×1200dpi resolution printer, and then laminated to enhance durability and waterproofing. The grating marks are then fixed to the predetermined displacement deformation measurement points on the exterior facade of the building under test using glue or nails. During installation, it is ensured that the X-direction of the grating mark remains parallel to the horizontal direction of the ground. All grating marks on the exterior facade of the building under test are located on the same vertical line to minimize subsequent image processing errors.
[0035] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the process of acquiring the exterior facade image of the building under test is as follows: Step 11: Determine the UAV flight parameters based on the facade information of the building to be measured; the UAV flight parameters include the UAV's flight trajectory and flight shooting distance, which is the horizontal distance between the camera lens on the UAV and the grating mark.
[0036] Step 12: According to the preset monitoring time interval and based on the determined UAV flight parameters, use the UAV to fly and take pictures of each displacement deformation measurement point on the facade of the building to be measured in the vertical ascending or descending direction to obtain the facade image of the building to be measured.
[0037] Specifically, during flight photography, the drone is controlled to ascend or descend vertically, with the camera lens positioned at a predetermined horizontal distance from the grating marks, ensuring that at least two adjacent grating marks can be accommodated within the camera lens's field of view. The camera lens's image coordinate system is kept parallel to the coordinate system of the two-dimensional grating pattern, and the drone hovers stably, taking pictures of the building's facade at preset monitoring time points. After capturing images of the previous displacement deformation measurement point, the drone flies vertically upwards or downwards a preset distance, maintaining the same distance, and ensuring the drone's field of view can accommodate the grating marks for the next displacement deformation measurement point. This process is repeated until the displacement deformation measurement points at the highest or lowest points on the building's facade are captured. During image capture while hovering, after the drone has stabilized and focused, a preset number of images are captured and stored at preset time intervals.
[0038] Step 2: Based on the Moiré sampling method, calculate the phase difference between two adjacent grating markers in the facade image of the building under test, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point for each displacement deformation measurement point. Specifically, the process is as follows: Step 21: Using moiré sampling, extract the phase features of each grating mark in the facade image of the building to be tested, and obtain the moiré fringes in a preset direction for each grating mark. Specifically, the process of obtaining the moiré fringes in the preset direction for each grating mark is as follows: Step 211: From the exterior image of the building to be tested, select a rectangular area containing the raster markers; wherein each selected area can cover the complete cycle of each two-dimensional raster pattern.
[0039] Step 212: Apply Gaussian filtering or median filtering to the two-dimensional grating pattern in the rectangular region containing the grating marks to obtain the filtered image. Filtering the two-dimensional grating pattern in the rectangular region containing the grating marks removes noise from the image, making it smoother and improving the accuracy of moiré fringe extraction.
[0040] Step 213: According to the preset sampling interval The filtered image is downsampled to obtain a downsampled feature map; specifically, the first pixel of the first row or first column of the filtered image is sampled at a preset interval. Sampling is performed to form a set of sampling points, which yields the downsampled feature map; where the preset sampling interval... The resolution of the exterior image of the building to be tested is determined based on the actual sampling requirements.
[0041] Step 214: Using a preset interpolation algorithm, fill in the gaps between sampling points in the downsampled feature map to obtain moiré fringes for each grating mark in the X or Y direction; wherein the preset interpolation algorithm is, for example, a linear interpolation algorithm, a polynomial interpolation algorithm, or a spline interpolation algorithm.
[0042] Step 22: Convert the moiré fringes of each grating mark in a preset direction into a cosine wave form to obtain the cosine wave image corresponding to each grating mark in the facade image of the building under test. Specifically, perform a fast Fourier transform on the moiré fringes of the grating mark in the preset direction to obtain the dominant frequency component. Then, perform a phase unwrapping operation to eliminate the 2π ambiguity of the phase and ensure the continuity of the phase value. After that, perform a cosine wave synthesis operation according to the preset index parameters to obtain the cosine wave image corresponding to each grating mark in the facade image of the building under test. The phase unwrapping operation is as follows: calculate the phase value of each pixel and calculate the phase difference between adjacent pixels; determine whether the phase difference exceeds the phase difference threshold; if it exceeds, subtract or add 2π until the phase value is continuous and there is no jump.
[0043] Step 23: Calculate the phase difference between the cosine wave images corresponding to two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test, to obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point for each displacement deformation measurement point. Specifically, take one grating mark in the facade image of the building under test as the reference grating, and the remaining grating marks as the target grating; solve for the phase difference between the cosine wave image corresponding to the target grating and the cosine wave image corresponding to the reference grating to obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point for each displacement deformation measurement point; where the sign of the grating phase difference is defined as follows: if the target grating moves relative to the reference grating along the positive direction of the coordinate axis, the phase difference is positive; otherwise, it is negative. Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The principle of calculating the grating phase difference is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown; the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The principle of calculating the grating phase difference is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown.
[0044] Step 3: Based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point of each displacement deformation measuring point, calculate the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points of the same displacement deformation measuring point. The process of calculating the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points of the same displacement deformation measuring point is as follows:
[0045] in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0046] Step 4: Based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, calculate the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the exterior facade of the building under test. Specifically, the process of calculating the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the exterior facade of the building under test is as follows:
[0047] in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; The grating period is marked for the grating; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0048] Optionally, when using a drone to take aerial photos of each displacement deformation measurement point on the facade of the building under test in a vertical ascending or descending direction, factors such as drone attitude drift and changes in ambient temperature can cause deformation of the raster markers in the facade image, leading to deviations in the calculation results of the displacement changes of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test. Therefore, compensation is performed on the displacement changes of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test based on the displacement changes under the ascending and descending paths to ensure the accuracy of the displacement change calculation results.
[0049] The deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings described in Embodiment 1 further includes step 5, dynamic error compensation. Specifically, the dynamic error compensation steps are as follows: Step 51: Based on the exterior image of the building to be tested taken by the UAV in the vertical upward direction, calculate the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the exterior of the building to be tested, and obtain the displacement change under the upward path.
[0050] Step 52: Based on the exterior image of the building to be tested taken by the UAV in the vertical descent direction, calculate the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the exterior of the building to be tested, and obtain the displacement change under the descent path.
[0051] It should be noted that the process of obtaining the displacement change under the upward path and the displacement change under the downward path is basically the same as the process of steps 1-4 above. The only difference is that the exterior image of the building under test in step 1 should be selected as either an exterior image of the building under test taken by the UAV in the vertical upward direction or an exterior image of the building under test taken by the UAV in the vertical downward direction. The rest of the process is basically the same and will not be described in detail here.
[0052] It is worth noting that the control of the drone starts from the first displacement deformation measurement point Begin by starting with the first displacement deformation measurement point. To the Displacement and deformation measuring points By taking aerial photos in sequence, images of the building's facade can be obtained from images taken by the drone in a vertical ascent direction; the drone is then controlled to fly from the first... Displacement and deformation measuring points Begin, according to the first Displacement and deformation measuring points To the first displacement deformation measuring point By taking aerial photos in the following sequence, images of the building's facade can be obtained from photos taken by the drone in a vertical descent direction, as shown in the attached image. Figure 2 As shown.
[0053] Step 53: Obtain the lifting and lowering measurement deviation based on the displacement changes along the rising path and the falling path. Step 54: Determine whether the upgrade measurement deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold; Step 55: If yes, obtain the overall displacement measurement deviation based on the displacement change under the rising path and the displacement change under the falling path; if no, end the method and output the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test in step 4 as the deformation monitoring result of the super high-rise building.
[0054] Step 56: Based on the overall deviation of the displacement measurement, perform deviation compensation on the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured, and obtain the compensated displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured; specifically, the calculation process of the compensated displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured is as follows:
[0055]
[0056]
[0057] in, For the compensated first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change compensation; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The distance between each displacement deformation measuring point; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The total distance between all displacement deformation measuring points; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The overall deviation of displacement measurement; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the upward path; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the descent path; The numbering of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured; This is the number of the displacement and deformation measuring point at the lowest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. This is the number of the displacement deformation measuring point at the highest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
[0058] Step 57: Output the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building under test after compensation as the deformation monitoring result of the super high-rise building.
[0059] The deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings described in Embodiment 1 involves pre-setting displacement deformation measurement points with grating marks on the exterior facade of the building under test and acquiring an image of the facade containing the grating marks. The phase difference between adjacent grating marks is calculated using the Moiré sampling method, thereby obtaining the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point, the change in phase difference at different monitoring time points, and the displacement change of the displacement deformation measurement points. This method effectively overcomes the difficulties of high measurement difficulty and limited measurement range in existing super high-rise building deformation monitoring, achieving accurate and efficient monitoring of displacement deformation on the exterior facade of super high-rise buildings, and providing reliable technical support for ensuring the structural safety of super high-rise buildings.
[0060] Example 2 As attached Figure 5 As shown, a deformation monitoring system for a super high-rise building includes an image acquisition module, a phase difference calculation module, a phase difference change calculation module, and a displacement change calculation module.
[0061] The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the exterior facade of the building under test. Several displacement deformation measurement points are pre-set on the exterior facade of the building under test, and each displacement deformation measurement point is marked with a grating. The exterior facade image of the building under test contains at least two grating marks. The phase difference calculation module is used to calculate the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the exterior facade image of the building under test based on the moiré sampling method, obtaining the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point. The phase difference change calculation module is used to calculate the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measurement point based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point. The displacement change calculation module is used to calculate the displacement change at the pre-set displacement deformation measurement points on the exterior facade of the building under test based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measurement point.
[0062] Optionally, the deformation monitoring system for super high-rise buildings described in Embodiment 2 further includes a dynamic error compensation module. Specifically, the dynamic error compensation module is used to calculate the displacement change of preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test based on images of the building's facade taken by a drone in a vertically ascending direction, obtaining the displacement change along the ascending path; to calculate the displacement change of preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test based on images of the building's facade taken by a drone in a vertically descending direction, obtaining the displacement change along the descending path; to obtain the lifting measurement deviation based on the displacement change along the ascending and descending paths; to determine whether the lifting measurement deviation exceeds a preset deviation threshold; if so, to obtain the overall displacement measurement deviation based on the displacement change along the ascending and descending paths; and to compensate for the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test based on the overall displacement measurement deviation, obtaining the compensated displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measurement points on the facade of the building under test.
[0063] Example 3 As attached Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment 3 provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for executing the computer program to implement the steps of the deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings; or, the processor for executing the computer program to implement the functions of each module in the above-mentioned deformation monitoring system for super high-rise buildings.
[0064] For example, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a preset function, the instruction segments describing the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.
[0065] The electronic device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above are examples of electronic devices and do not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. It may include more components than described above, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
[0066] The processor can be a central processing unit, or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the electronic device, connecting various parts of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines.
[0067] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module. The processor implements various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory and by calling the data stored in the memory.
[0068] The memory may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a given function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). The data storage area may store data created based on the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, RAM, plug-in hard disks, smart memory cards, secure digital cards, flash memory cards, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.
[0069] The deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings described in this invention involves placing grating markers on the exterior facade of the building to be measured and acquiring at least two single images with grating markers. For each grating marker, phase information is extracted based on moiré sampling to calculate the phase difference between different grating markers. Then, the change in phase difference between adjacent grating markers in the same image at each monitoring time point is calculated. By comparing the changes in phase difference at different time points, the deformation of the building at different times is deduced, realizing real-time detection of displacement and deformation of super high-rise buildings. This method has high measurement accuracy and fast calculation efficiency, and is especially suitable for dynamic monitoring of super high-rise buildings and other structures with long time spans.
[0070] In this invention, the analysis using the Moiré sampling method can achieve millimeter-level or even sub-millimeter-level accuracy. Combining this with a drone expands the displacement detection range and allows for automatic flight along a preset route, covering the entire building facade and ensuring effective monitoring of all critical components while reducing manpower. The grating markers placed on the exterior of the building can be removed, eliminating the need for wiring and structural penetration compared to traditional sensors, thus minimizing structural damage. By introducing dynamic error compensation, measurement errors caused by drone attitude changes and environmental factors can be corrected in real time, ensuring data accuracy and reliability. This invention can complete large-scale data acquisition in a short time and supports continuous monitoring over long periods, making it suitable for objects such as high-rise buildings that require long-term monitoring of their structural health.
[0071] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for monitoring deformation in super high-rise buildings, characterized in that, include: Acquire an image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured; wherein, the exterior facade of the building to be measured has several pre-set displacement deformation measurement points, and each displacement deformation measurement point is marked with a grating mark; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured contains at least two grating marks; Based on the Moiré sampling method, the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test is calculated to obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point; Based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measuring point, the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point is calculated. Based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, the displacement change at the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the facade of the building under test is calculated.
2. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several displacement deformation measurement points are set vertically at intervals along the exterior facade of the building to be measured, and all displacement deformation measurement points are located on the same vertical straight line; The grating mark is a two-dimensional grating pattern, and the X direction of the two-dimensional grating pattern is parallel to the horizontal direction of the ground; the grating pitch and grating period of the grating mark at all displacement deformation measurement points are the same.
3. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring images of the exterior facade of the building to be measured includes: Determine the UAV flight parameters based on the exterior facade information of the building to be measured; Based on the determined UAV flight parameters, the UAV is used to take pictures of each displacement deformation measurement point on the exterior facade of the building under test in either a vertical ascending or descending direction, thereby obtaining an image of the exterior facade of the building under test.
4. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the Moiré sampling method, the process of calculating the phase difference between two adjacent grating markers in the facade image of the building under test, and obtaining the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point, includes: Using the moiré sampling method, the phase features of each grating mark in the facade image of the building under test are extracted to obtain the moiré fringes of each grating mark in a preset direction; The moiré fringes of each grating mark in a preset direction are converted into cosine waves to obtain the cosine wave image corresponding to each grating mark in the exterior image of the building under test. Calculate the phase difference of the cosine wave image corresponding to two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point.
5. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of calculating the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point, based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measuring point, is as follows: in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The grating phase difference; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
6. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of calculating the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring point on the facade of the building under test based on the change in grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point is as follows: in, For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in grating phase difference; The grating period is marked for the grating; This refers to the number of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
7. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a dynamic error compensation step; specifically, the dynamic error compensation step is as follows: Based on the image of the building facade taken by the UAV in the vertical upward direction, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points of the building facade is calculated to obtain the displacement change under the upward path. Based on the exterior image of the building under test taken by the UAV in the vertical descent direction, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior of the building under test is calculated to obtain the displacement change under the descent path. The lifting and lowering measurement deviation is obtained based on the displacement change under the rising path and the displacement change under the falling path. Determine whether the measurement deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold; If so, the overall displacement measurement deviation is obtained based on the displacement change under the upward path and the displacement change under the downward path. Based on the overall deviation of displacement measurement, the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building to be measured is compensated for, and the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building to be measured is obtained after compensation.
8. The deformation monitoring method for a super high-rise building according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the overall deviation of displacement measurement, the process of compensating for the displacement changes of preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building under test, and obtaining the compensated displacement changes of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building under test, is as follows: in, For the compensated first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The amount of displacement change compensation; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The distance between each displacement deformation measuring point; For the first The displacement deformation measuring point and the first The total distance between all displacement deformation measuring points; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The overall deviation of displacement measurement; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the upward path; For the first Monitoring time points at each displacement deformation measuring point The change in displacement along the descent path; The numbering of the displacement and deformation measuring points on the exterior facade of the building to be measured; This is the number of the displacement and deformation measuring point at the lowest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured. This is the number of the displacement deformation measuring point at the highest point on the exterior facade of the building to be measured.
9. A deformation monitoring system for super high-rise buildings, characterized in that, include: The image acquisition module is used to acquire an image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured; wherein, the exterior facade of the building to be measured has several pre-set displacement deformation measurement points, and each displacement deformation measurement point is set with a grating mark; the image of the exterior facade of the building to be measured contains at least two grating marks; The phase difference calculation module is used to calculate the phase difference between two adjacent grating marks in the facade image of the building under test based on the moiré sampling method, and obtain the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point; The phase difference change calculation module is used to calculate the grating phase difference change at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measurement point based on the grating phase difference at each monitoring time point at each displacement deformation measurement point. The displacement change calculation module is used to calculate the displacement change of the preset displacement deformation measuring points on the facade of the building under test based on the change of grating phase difference at different monitoring time points at the same displacement deformation measuring point.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor is used to execute computer programs; A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, performs the deformation monitoring method for super high-rise buildings as described in any one of claims 1-8.