Intelligent watering system and watering method for greenhouse

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent watering system and watering method for a greenhouse. Belongs to the technical field of agricultural intelligent irrigation, can realize multi-mode accurate watering, self-adaptive control and three-dimensional space full coverage, and comprises a three-dimensional walking mechanism, a multi-mode watering execution mechanism, a sensing identification module and a central intelligent control unit. The three-dimensional walking mechanism is composed of a longitudinal guide rail, a transverse truss and a walking vehicle driven by a first stepping motor, and three-dimensional movement is achieved. The executing mechanism comprises a main water tank, a pressurized fertilizer mixing tank, a multi-way rotary distributor and an electromagnetic valve group which is respectively connected with a drip irrigation branch pipe and a spray irrigation branch pipe, the tail end of the branch pipe is provided with a drip irrigation needle and an atomizing nozzle, and the branch pipe is provided with a flow meter and a water pressure sensor. The sensing identification module comprises a soil and air temperature and humidity sensor and a multispectral module. The main controller is connected with the motors, the sensors and the execution components in a centralized mode, and precise irrigation control is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural intelligent irrigation, in particular to an intelligent watering system and method for a greenhouse. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the greenhouse planting environment, the accuracy and uniformity of water management are crucial to crop growth. The current common irrigation system has obvious shortcomings: fixed pipe watering is difficult to cover the three-dimensional cultivation space, and watering dead angles are easy to occur; single drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation mode cannot adapt to the water requirement characteristics of crops at different growth stages; and the control strategy relying on timing or a single soil humidity sensor lacks multi-dimensional perception of the actual physiological state of plants, making it difficult to achieve precise water supply on demand. In addition, the existing movable watering devices are generally simple in structure and lack integrated intelligent decision-making capabilities, leading to problems such as water resource waste, frequent manual intervention, and local overwatering or underwatering.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop an intelligent watering system and method for a greenhouse to solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an intelligent watering system and method for a greenhouse, which can achieve multi-modal precise watering, self-adaptive regulation and control, and full coverage of three-dimensional space to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: An intelligent watering system for a greenhouse, characterized in that it comprises: a three-dimensional walking mechanism, a multi-mode watering execution mechanism, a sensing and identification module, a central intelligent control unit, and an integrated power supply module; The three-dimensional walking mechanism comprises a longitudinal guide rail fixedly installed on the inside roof of the greenhouse and a transverse truss slidably connected with the longitudinal guide rail and movable along the length direction of the longitudinal guide rail; a walking vehicle driven by a first stepper motor is arranged on the transverse truss, and the walking vehicle can reciprocate along the transverse truss; The multi-mode watering execution mechanism is installed on the walking vehicle and comprises a main water tank and a pressurized fertilizer mixing tank connected with the main water tank through a pipeline; the water outlet of the main water tank is connected with the inlet of a multi-way rotary distributor through a main water supply pipe; the multi-way rotary distributor is driven by a second stepper motor, and a plurality of outlets of the multi-way rotary distributor are respectively connected with drip irrigation branch pipes and sprinkler irrigation branch pipes through a group of electromagnetic valves; a telescopic drip irrigation needle is arranged at the end of the drip irrigation branch pipe, a misting nozzle controlled by a micro servo is hinged at the end of the sprinkler irrigation branch pipe, and a flow meter and a water pressure sensor are further connected in series on the sprinkler irrigation branch pipe; The sensing and identification module includes: soil temperature and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the cultivation substrate, temperature and humidity sensors arranged in the greenhouse space, and a multispectral module installed at the bottom of the vehicle. The central intelligent control unit includes a main controller, which is electrically connected to the first stepper motor, the second stepper motor, the solenoid valve group, the micro servo motor, the flow meter, the water pressure sensor, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, and the multispectral module.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, a three-dimensional motion system of "longitudinal guide rail - transverse truss - traveling vehicle" was constructed, enabling the watering terminal to be precisely positioned above any plant; through the mechanical switching of the "multi-channel rotary distributor", the physical isolation and rapid selection of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation modes were realized; finally, through the central controller to integrate and process multi-source sensor information and drive mechanical actuators, comprehensive and precise irrigation of crops in the greenhouse was achieved.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: in the three-dimensional walking mechanism, the transverse truss is connected to the longitudinal guide rail through a set of suspension pulleys, and the first stepper motor meshes with a rack laid on the side of the longitudinal guide rail through a reducer and a drive gear to drive the transverse truss to move.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotational motion of the motor is converted into the linear motion of the truss through gear meshing. Its advantage lies in the fact that rack and pinion transmission has a larger driving torque and higher positioning accuracy than friction transmission, effectively avoiding slippage under load and ensuring the reliability and stability of the heavy transverse truss carrying the water tank during movement.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the bottom of the traveling vehicle is provided with traveling wheels and anti-derailment wheels that cooperate with the I-shaped track on the transverse truss, and the first stepper motor drives the traveling wheels through synchronous belt transmission.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wheels provide the main support and driving force, while the anti-derailment pressure wheel presses down on the lower flange of the I-shaped track from above, forming a clamping structure. This eliminates the risk of the traveling vehicle detaching from the track and overturning during acceleration, deceleration, or accidental collisions. The synchronous belt drive ensures smooth and low-noise power transmission, guaranteeing the accurate positioning of the traveling vehicle on the transverse truss.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: in the multi-mode watering actuator, the drip irrigation branch pipe is further provided with a drip irrigation control component, the drip irrigation control component comprising: A rigid capillary tube with multiple drip irrigation holes on its outer wall, and a sliding adjustment sleeve is fitted on the capillary tube. The inner wall of the adjusting sleeve is provided with an annular sealing ring corresponding to the position of the drip irrigation hole; A miniature linear motor is fixedly connected to the adjusting sleeve. The miniature linear motor is used to drive the adjusting sleeve to move along the capillary axis to expose or close the drip irrigation holes at different positions, thereby realizing the adjustment of the drip irrigation position.

[0012] By employing the above technical solution, a miniature linear motor drives an adjusting sleeve to perform precise linear movement on the outer wall of the capillary tube. When the annular sealing ring on the sleeve completely covers a drip irrigation hole, the hole is sealed; when the sleeve moves and the sealing ring leaves the hole, the hole is exposed, and water can flow out from there. This achieves the creation of multiple independently controllable water outlets on a single drip irrigation branch pipe without adding additional piping, using only the linear movement of a single actuator, thereby enabling precise water supply to different depths and horizontal positions in the root zone.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the multispectral module includes a visible light camera and a near-infrared spectrometer, used to acquire images of the crop canopy and analyze its leaf surface humidity and nitrogen content.

[0014] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, this method quantifies the physiological state of crops from a physical optics perspective by fusing visible light images and near-infrared spectral information. Through the movement of a mobile vehicle, it achieves rapid scanning of large areas of the canopy, thereby elevating the perception dimension from soil data to a diagnosis of the overall crop physiology, providing a basis for irrigation.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the central intelligent control unit also includes a data fusion processing module, which is used to fuse and process soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity and multispectral image data, and output an optimized watering strategy based on a preset crop growth model.

[0016] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, this method integrates multidimensional data from different physical spaces and with varying properties through algorithms, overcoming the limitation of a single information source. It makes comprehensive decisions based on crop growth models. Specifically, when the system detects that "soil moisture is acceptable but leaf temperature is too high due to strong light transpiration," it may trigger short-term cooling and humidity-regulating sprinkler irrigation, rather than continuous root zone drip irrigation. This achieves a leap from reactive control based on simple thresholds to predictive and compensatory intelligent control based on the actual needs of the crop.

[0017] A smart irrigation method for greenhouses, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: System initialization, setting the growth stage of the target crop, water requirement parameters, and soil moisture thresholds R_min and R_max; S2: Real-time acquisition of greenhouse environment data and crop image data through the sensor recognition module; S3: The central intelligent control unit determines whether to trigger watering conditions based on the collected data; if the soil moisture is lower than R_min or the leaf temperature is abnormally high, a watering command is generated. S4: According to the watering command, control the three-dimensional walking mechanism to move the walking vehicle above the target plant area; S5: Select drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation mode according to crop type and water shortage level, and control the opening of the corresponding solenoid valve; S6: During the watering process, the flow rate and water pressure are monitored in real time, and the changes in leaf moisture are fed back through the multispectral module to dynamically adjust the watering duration and intensity. S7: When the soil moisture reaches R_max or the preset watering amount is reached, close the solenoid valve and stop watering; S8: The traveling vehicle moves to the next target area or returns to the standby position, and records and stores the data of this operation.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the core of this method lies in constructing a dynamic closed-loop control process: it begins with the perception of crop status (S2), makes decisions through algorithms (S3), drives the mechanical system to perform fixed-point movement (S4) and mode selection (S5), introduces real-time feedback during execution (S6) for dynamic optimization, and finally ends the single operation with a stopping condition (S7). This process transforms the irrigation mode into a service that can be adjusted in real time, thereby solving problems such as uneven watering, resource waste, and reliance on manual labor.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step S5, if the drip irrigation mode is selected, the extension length of the drip irrigation needle and the position of the drip irrigation hole are further adjusted by the drip irrigation control component to achieve precise water supply to the root zone.

[0020] By employing the above technical solution, precision irrigation is achieved through controlling two mechanical actions: First, the extension length of the drip irrigation needle is controlled to determine the vertical depth of water delivery, ensuring it reaches the main active layer of the root system; second, the drip irrigation control component selects specific drip hole positions to determine the horizontal position of the water delivery, aligning it with the core root region. The combination of these two actions ensures that water is directly delivered to the location where the crop needs it, minimizing infiltration losses in non-root areas, thereby improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency at the methodological level.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it can achieve multimodal precise watering, adaptive control and full coverage of three-dimensional space.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an overall structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an overall structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view at point C; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0024] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Three-dimensional walking mechanism; 2. Longitudinal guide rail; 3. Transverse truss; 4. Walking vehicle; 5. First stepper motor; 13. Multi-mode watering actuator; 14. Main water tank; 15. Multi-channel rotary distributor; 16. Second stepper motor; 18. Drip irrigation branch pipe; 19. Sprinkler irrigation branch pipe; 20. Drip irrigation needle; 21. Atomizing nozzle; 25. Drip irrigation control component; 26. Adjusting sleeve; 27. Annular sealing ring; 28. Miniature linear motor; 29. ​​Drip irrigation orifice; 30. Sensor recognition module; 32. Temperature and humidity sensor; 33. Multispectral module; 35. Central intelligent control unit; 36. Main controller. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, an intelligent irrigation system for a greenhouse is described, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the feature is that it includes: The system includes a three-dimensional walking mechanism 1, a multi-mode watering actuator 13, a sensor and recognition module 30, a central intelligent control unit 35, and an integrated power supply module; The three-dimensional walking mechanism 1 includes a longitudinal guide rail 2 fixedly installed in the ceiling inside the greenhouse and a transverse truss 3 slidably connected to the longitudinal guide rail 2 and movable along its length; a walking vehicle 4 driven by a first stepper motor 5 is provided on the transverse truss 3, and the walking vehicle 4 can reciprocate along the transverse truss 3. The multi-mode irrigation actuator 13 is installed on the traveling vehicle 4, including a main water tank 14 and a pressurized fertilizer mixing tank connected to the main water tank 14 through a pipeline; the outlet of the main water tank 14 is connected to the inlet of the multi-way rotary distributor 15 through the main water supply pipe; the multi-way rotary distributor 15 is driven by the second stepper motor 16, and its multiple outlets are respectively connected to drip irrigation branch pipes 18 and sprinkler irrigation branch pipes 19 through a group of solenoid valves; the drip irrigation branch pipe 18 is provided with a retractable drip irrigation needle 20 at the end, and the sprinkler irrigation branch pipe 19 is hinged to an atomizing nozzle 21 controlled by a micro servo motor at the end; a flow meter and a water pressure sensor are also connected in series on the sprinkler irrigation branch pipe 19. The sensing and identification module 30 includes: soil temperature and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the cultivation substrate, temperature and humidity sensors 32 arranged in the greenhouse space, and a multispectral module 33 installed at the bottom of the walking vehicle 4. The central intelligent control unit 35 includes a main controller 36, which is electrically connected to the first stepper motor 5, the second stepper motor 16, the solenoid valve group, the micro servo motor, the flow meter, the water pressure sensor, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor 32, and the multispectral module 33.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solutions, a three-dimensional motion system of "longitudinal guide rail 2-transverse truss 3-walking vehicle 4" was constructed, enabling the watering terminal to be precisely positioned above any plant; through the mechanical switching of "multi-channel rotary distributor 15", the physical isolation and rapid selection of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation modes were realized; finally, through the central controller to integrate and process multi-source sensor information and drive mechanical actuators, comprehensive and precise irrigation of crops in the greenhouse was achieved.

[0028] In this embodiment, in the three-dimensional walking mechanism 1, the transverse truss 3 is connected to the longitudinal guide rail 2 through a set of suspension pulleys. The first stepper motor 5 meshes with the rack laid on the side of the longitudinal guide rail 2 through a reducer and a drive gear, driving the transverse truss 3 to move.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotational motion of the motor is converted into the linear motion of the truss through gear meshing. Its advantage lies in the fact that rack and pinion transmission has a larger driving torque and higher positioning accuracy than friction transmission, effectively avoiding slippage under load and ensuring the reliability and stability of the heavy transverse truss 3 carrying the water tank during movement.

[0030] In this embodiment, the bottom of the traveling vehicle 4 is provided with traveling wheels and anti-derailment wheels that cooperate with the I-shaped track on the transverse truss 3, and the first stepper motor 5 drives the traveling wheels through synchronous belt transmission.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the traveling wheels provide the main support and driving force, and the anti-detachment pressure wheel presses down on the lower flange of the I-shaped track from above, forming a clamping structure, thus eliminating the risk of the traveling vehicle 4 falling off the track and overturning during acceleration, deceleration, or accidental collision. The synchronous belt drive ensures smooth and low-noise power transmission, ensuring the accuracy of the traveling vehicle 4's positioning on the transverse truss 3.

[0032] In this embodiment, the drip irrigation control component 25 is further provided on the drip irrigation branch pipe 18 of the multi-mode watering actuator 13. The drip irrigation control component 25 includes: A rigid capillary tube with multiple drip irrigation holes 29 on its outer wall, and a sliding adjusting sleeve 26 is fitted on the rigid capillary tube. An annular sealing ring 27 is provided on the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve 26 at the position corresponding to the drip irrigation hole 29; A miniature linear motor 28 is fixedly connected to the adjusting sleeve 26. The miniature linear motor 28 is used to drive the adjusting sleeve 26 to move along the capillary axis to expose or close the drip irrigation holes 29 at different positions, thereby realizing the adjustment of the drip irrigation position.

[0033] By employing the above technical solution, a miniature linear motor 28 drives the adjusting sleeve 26 to move linearly along the outer wall of the capillary tube. When the annular sealing ring 27 on the sleeve completely covers a drip irrigation hole 29, the hole is sealed; when the sleeve moves and the sealing ring leaves the hole, the hole is exposed, and water can flow out from there. This achieves the creation of multiple independently controllable water outlets on a single drip irrigation branch pipe 18 without adding additional piping, using only the linear movement of one actuator, thereby enabling precise water supply to different depths and horizontal positions in the root zone.

[0034] In this embodiment, the multispectral module 33 includes a visible light camera and a near-infrared spectrometer, used to acquire images of the crop canopy and analyze its leaf surface humidity and nitrogen content.

[0035] By employing the above technical solution, this method quantifies the physiological state of crops from a physical optics perspective by fusing visible light images and near-infrared spectral information. Through the movement of the mobile vehicle 4, it achieves rapid scanning of large areas of the canopy, thereby elevating the perception dimension from soil data to a diagnosis of the overall physiological state of the crop, providing a basis for irrigation.

[0036] In this embodiment, the central intelligent control unit 35 also includes a data fusion processing module, which is used to fuse and process soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity and multispectral image data, and output an optimized watering strategy based on a preset crop growth model.

[0037] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, this method integrates multidimensional data from different physical spaces and with varying properties through algorithms, overcoming the limitation of a single information source. It makes comprehensive decisions based on crop growth models. Specifically, when the system detects that "soil moisture is acceptable but leaf temperature is too high due to strong light transpiration," it may trigger short-term cooling and humidity-regulating sprinkler irrigation, rather than continuous root zone drip irrigation. This achieves a leap from reactive control based on simple thresholds to predictive and compensatory intelligent control based on the actual needs of the crop.

[0038] A smart irrigation method for greenhouses, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: System initialization, setting the growth stage of the target crop, water requirement parameters, and soil moisture thresholds R_min and R_max; S2: Real-time acquisition of greenhouse environment data and crop image data via sensor recognition module 30; S3: The central intelligent control unit 35 determines whether watering conditions are triggered based on the collected data; if the soil moisture is lower than R_min or the leaf temperature is abnormally high, a watering command is generated. S4: According to the watering command, control the three-dimensional walking mechanism 1 to move the walking vehicle 4 above the target plant area; S5: Select drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation mode according to crop type and water shortage level, and control the opening of the corresponding solenoid valve; S6: During the watering process, the flow rate and water pressure are monitored in real time, and the changes in leaf surface moisture are fed back through the multispectral module 33 to dynamically adjust the watering duration and intensity. S7: When the soil moisture reaches R_max or the preset watering amount is reached, close the solenoid valve and stop watering; S8: The traveling vehicle 4 moves to the next target area or returns to the standby position, and records and stores the data of this operation.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the core of this method lies in constructing a dynamic closed-loop control process: it begins with the perception of crop status (S2), makes decisions through algorithms (S3), drives the mechanical system to perform fixed-point movement (S4) and mode selection (S5), introduces real-time feedback during execution (S6) for dynamic optimization, and finally ends the single operation with a stopping condition (S7). This process transforms the irrigation mode into a service that can be adjusted in real time, thereby solving problems such as uneven watering, resource waste, and reliance on manual labor.

[0040] In this embodiment, in step S5, if the drip irrigation mode is selected, the extension length of the drip irrigation needle 20 and the position of the drip irrigation hole 29 are further adjusted by the drip irrigation control component 25 to achieve precise water supply to the root zone.

[0041] By employing the above technical solution, precision irrigation is achieved through controlling two mechanical actions: First, the extension length of the drip irrigation needle 20 is controlled to determine the vertical depth of water delivery, ensuring it reaches the main active layer of the root system; second, the drip irrigation control component 25 selects specific drip irrigation holes 29 positions to determine the horizontal position of water delivery, aligning it with the core root region. The combination of these two actions ensures that water is directly delivered to where the crop needs it, minimizing infiltration losses in non-root areas, thereby improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency at the methodological level.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0043] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses, characterized in that, include: Three-dimensional walking mechanism, multi-mode watering actuator, sensor recognition module, central intelligent control unit and integrated power supply module; The three-dimensional walking mechanism includes a longitudinal guide rail fixedly installed in the ceiling inside the greenhouse and a transverse truss slidably connected to the longitudinal guide rail and movable along its length; a walking vehicle driven by a first stepper motor is installed on the transverse truss, and the walking vehicle can reciprocate along the transverse truss. The multi-mode irrigation actuator is mounted on the traveling vehicle and includes a main water tank and a pressurized fertilizer mixing tank connected to the main water tank via a pipeline. The outlet of the main water tank is connected to the inlet of a multi-channel rotary distributor via a main water supply pipe. The multi-channel rotary distributor is driven by a second stepper motor, and its multiple outlets are respectively connected to drip irrigation branch pipes and sprinkler irrigation branch pipes via a group of solenoid valves. The drip irrigation branch pipes are equipped with retractable drip irrigation needles at their ends, and the sprinkler irrigation branch pipes are hinged to atomizing nozzles controlled by a micro servo motor at their ends. A flow meter and a water pressure sensor are also connected in series on the sprinkler irrigation branch pipes. The sensing and identification module includes: soil temperature and humidity sensors buried at different depths in the cultivation substrate, temperature and humidity sensors arranged in the greenhouse space, and a multispectral module installed at the bottom of the vehicle. The central intelligent control unit includes a main controller, which is electrically connected to the first stepper motor, the second stepper motor, the solenoid valve group, the micro servo motor, the flow meter, the water pressure sensor, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, and the multispectral module.

2. The intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-dimensional walking mechanism, the transverse truss is connected to the longitudinal guide rail via a set of suspended pulleys, and the first stepper motor meshes with a rack laid on the side of the longitudinal guide rail via a reducer and a drive gear to drive the transverse truss to move.

3. The intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the traveling vehicle is equipped with traveling wheels and anti-derailment wheels that cooperate with the I-shaped rails on the transverse truss. The first stepper motor drives the traveling wheels through synchronous belt transmission.

4. The intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-mode irrigation actuator, the drip irrigation branch pipe is further provided with a drip irrigation control component, which includes: A rigid capillary tube with multiple drip irrigation holes on its outer wall, and a sliding adjusting sleeve is fitted on the rigid capillary tube. The inner wall of the adjusting sleeve is provided with an annular sealing ring corresponding to the position of the drip irrigation hole; A miniature linear motor is fixedly connected to the adjusting sleeve. The miniature linear motor is used to drive the adjusting sleeve to move along the capillary axis to expose or close the drip irrigation holes at different positions, thereby realizing the adjustment of the drip irrigation position.

5. The intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multispectral module includes a visible light camera and a near-infrared spectrometer, used to acquire images of the crop canopy and analyze its leaf surface humidity and nitrogen content.

6. The intelligent irrigation system for greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central intelligent control unit also includes a data fusion processing module, which is used to fuse and process soil moisture, air humidity, light intensity and multispectral image data, and output an optimized watering strategy based on a preset crop growth model.

7. A smart irrigation method for a greenhouse, employing the smart irrigation system for a greenhouse as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: System initialization, setting the growth stage of the target crop, water requirement parameters, and soil moisture thresholds R_min and R_max; S2: Real-time acquisition of greenhouse environment data and crop image data through the sensor recognition module; S3: The central intelligent control unit determines whether to trigger watering conditions based on the collected data; if the soil moisture is lower than R_min or the leaf temperature is abnormally high, a watering command is generated. S4: According to the watering command, control the three-dimensional walking mechanism to move the walking vehicle above the target plant area; S5: Select drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation mode according to crop type and water shortage level, and control the opening of the corresponding solenoid valve; S6: During the watering process, the flow rate and water pressure are monitored in real time, and the changes in leaf moisture are fed back through the multispectral module to dynamically adjust the watering duration and intensity. S7: When the soil moisture reaches R_max or the preset watering amount is reached, close the solenoid valve and stop watering; S8: The traveling vehicle moves to the next target area or returns to the standby position, and records and stores the data of this operation.

8. The intelligent irrigation method for greenhouses according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, if drip irrigation mode is selected, the extension length of the drip irrigation needle and the position of the drip irrigation hole are further adjusted by the drip irrigation control component to achieve precise water supply to the root zone.

Images