Battery assembly and method of forming same

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery assembly and a forming method thereof. The battery assembly comprises a substrate; the plurality of sub-battery modules are positioned on the substrate in series; each sub-battery module comprises a bottom electrode layer, an electric energy generation layer and a top electrode layer; the adjacent bottom electrode layers are separated from each other based on the first grooves; the electric energy generating layers of the adjacent sub-battery modules are connected and a second groove is formed between the electric energy generating layers; adjacent top electrode layers are separated from each other based on the third trenches. The electric energy generation layer is mainly used for separating charges to generate current, the conductivity of the electric energy generation layer is far lower than that of the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer, and short circuit cannot be caused by connection of the electric energy generation layer. Therefore, the second groove does not need to separate the electric energy generating layers of the adjacent sub-battery modules, but provides a connecting channel for the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. Therefore, the second groove does not penetrate through the adjacent electric energy generation layer, so that the area of the area occupied by the second groove is reduced, the area of a dead zone formed by the connection area is reduced, the active area of the sub-battery module is increased, and the current generation amount and the overall performance are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a battery assembly and a forming method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are a promising emerging photovoltaic technology with great potential. The core material of perovskite solar cells is perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductor. This material has a unique crystal structure, which can efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. Perovskite solar cells have a very high light absorption coefficient, which means that even in a thin film, they can achieve high-efficiency photoelectric conversion. Currently, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells in the laboratory has approached or even exceeded that of some traditional silicon-based solar cells, and there is still much room for improvement.

[0003] The preparation process of perovskite material is relatively simple, mainly through solution deposition, which not only reduces production costs, but also reduces energy consumption during production. Compared with traditional silicon-based solar cells, the production process of perovskite solar cells is more environmentally friendly and requires less equipment investment, making it possible to achieve large-scale, low-cost commercial production in the future. These advantages of perovskite solar cells make them have great application prospects in the field of photovoltaics, and have become one of the current research hotspots. With the continuous progress of technology, perovskite solar cells are expected to play an important role in global energy transformation and provide strong support for achieving sustainable energy supply.

[0004] However, the existing perovskite battery assembly still has many problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a battery assembly and a forming method thereof to reduce the dead area of the connection area and improve the current and performance of the battery assembly.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical scheme of the present application provides a battery assembly, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of sub-cell modules arranged along a first direction on the substrate and connected in series; wherein the sub-cell module comprises: a bottom electrode layer, an electric energy generation layer located on the bottom electrode layer, and a top electrode layer located on the electric energy generation layer; the bottom electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on a first groove; the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected, and the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules have a second groove between them, which exposes the top surface of the corresponding bottom electrode layer; the top electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on a third groove, and the top electrode layer fills the second groove and is electrically connected to the corresponding bottom electrode layer.

[0007] Optionally, projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have no overlapping area.

[0008] Optionally, the first groove, the second groove and the third groove extend along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction.

[0009] Optionally, projections of the first groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have an overlapping area.

[0010] Optionally, the first groove and the second groove extend along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; the third groove comprises a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, the first portion and the third portion extending along the second direction, the second portion extending along the first direction, and the second portion being located between the first portion and the third portion and connecting the first portion and the third portion respectively.

[0011] Optionally, projections of the third portion and the first groove towards the substrate direction have an overlapping area.

[0012] Optionally, the first groove has a first length dimension along the second direction, and the second groove has a second length dimension along the second direction, the second length dimension being smaller than the first length dimension.

[0013] Optionally, the method further comprises: connecting the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end to the first electrode lead-out; and connecting the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the tail end to the second electrode lead-out.

[0014] Optionally, the method further comprises: separating the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end from each other based on a fourth groove; and locating the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end on the electrode separation layer.

[0015] Optionally, the power generation layer comprises: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer located on the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer located on the perovskite layer.

[0016] Correspondingly, the application also provides a forming method of the battery assembly, comprising: providing a substrate; forming a plurality of sub-battery modules arranged along a first direction and connected in series in turn on the substrate; wherein the sub-battery module comprises a bottom electrode layer, an electric energy generation layer located on the bottom electrode layer, and a top electrode layer located on the electric energy generation layer; the bottom electrode layers of adjacent sub-battery modules are separated from each other based on a first groove; the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-battery modules are connected, and the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-battery modules have a second groove therebetween, the second groove exposing a top surface of the corresponding bottom electrode layer; the top electrode layers of adjacent sub-battery modules are separated from each other based on a third groove, and the top electrode layer fills the second groove and is electrically connected with the corresponding bottom electrode layer.

[0017] Optionally, the forming method of the plurality of sub-battery modules comprises: forming a bottom electrode material layer on the substrate; performing a scribe separation process on the bottom electrode material layer to form a plurality of separated bottom electrode layers, the bottom electrode layers having the first groove therebetween; forming an electric energy generation material layer on the plurality of bottom electrode layers, the electric energy generation material layer filling the first groove; performing a scribe separation process on the electric energy generation material layer to form a plurality of connected electric energy generation layers, the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-battery modules having the second groove therebetween; forming a top electrode material layer on the plurality of electric energy generation layers, the top electrode material layer filling the second groove; and performing a scribe separation process on the top electrode material layer to form a plurality of separated top electrode layers arranged in the third groove.

[0018] Optionally, projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have no overlapping area.

[0019] Optionally, the first groove, the second groove and the third groove extend along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0020] Optionally, projections of the first groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have an overlapping area.

[0021] Optionally, the first groove and the second groove extend along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the third groove comprises a first part, a second part and a third part, the first part and the third part extend along the second direction, the second part extends along the first direction, and the second part is located between the first part and the third part and connects the first part and the third part respectively.

[0022] Optionally, the third portion and the first trench have an overlapping area in a projection toward the substrate direction.

[0023] Optionally, the first trench has a first length dimension along the second direction, and the second trench has a second length dimension along the second direction, the second length dimension being smaller than the first length dimension.

[0024] Optionally, after forming the plurality of sub-cell modules, the method further comprises: forming a first electrode lead-out electrically connected to the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end; and forming a second electrode lead-out electrically connected to the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the tail end.

[0025] Optionally, before forming the power generation layer, the method further comprises: forming an electrode separation layer based on a fourth trench to separate the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end from each other; and the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer.

[0026] Optionally, the power generation layer comprises: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer located on the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer located on the perovskite layer.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the present application has the following advantages:

[0028] In the battery assembly of the technical scheme of the present application, the power generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected and there is the second trench between them, and the second trench exposes the top surface of the bottom electrode layer. The power generation layer is mainly used for separating charge to generate current, and its conductivity is much lower than that of the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer, and the connection of the power generation layer will not cause short circuit between the sub-cell modules. This makes the second trench not separate the power generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules, but only provide a connection channel for the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. Therefore, the second trench does not penetrate through the adjacent power generation layers, thereby reducing the area occupied by the second trench, and further reducing the dead area formed by the connection area, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module. The expansion of the active area helps to improve the current generation amount, and further enhances the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0029] Further, projections of the first trench, the second trench and the third trench towards the substrate direction have no overlapping area; the first trench, the second trench and the third trench extend along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction. The non-overlapping trench layout can reduce the complexity of process steps, improve manufacturing precision and yield. Moreover, the first trench, the second trench and the third trench all extend along the second direction, which can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the manufacturing difficulty.

[0030] Further, projections of the first trench and the third trench towards the substrate direction have an overlapping area. The overlapping area of the projections of the first trench and the third trench towards the substrate direction can further reduce the area of the connection region formed by the first trench, the second trench and the third trench, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module and improving the wide current and overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0031] Further, the application further comprises an electrode separation layer, the electrode separation layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end are separated from each other based on a fourth trench; the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer. By adding the electrode separation layer, and the electrode separation layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end are separated from each other, the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer, which can provide a level plane for the connection position of the first electrode lead-out and the second electrode lead-out under the premise of ensuring that the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end do not short circuit, thereby reducing the process difficulty.

[0032] In the method for forming the battery assembly of the technical solution of the application, the power generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected and the second trench exists between the two, and the second trench exposes the top surface of the bottom electrode layer. The power generation layer is mainly used for separating charge generation current, and its conductivity is much lower than that of the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer, and the connection of the power generation layer will not cause short circuit between the sub-cell modules. This makes the second trench not separate the power generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules, but only provide a connection channel for the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. Therefore, the second trench does not penetrate through the adjacent power generation layers, thereby reducing the area occupied by the second trench, and further reducing the dead area formed by the connection region, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module. The expansion of the active area helps to improve the current generation amount, and thereby enhances the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0033] Further, projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have no overlapping area; the first groove, the second groove and the third groove extend along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction. The non-overlapping groove layout can reduce the complexity of process steps, improve manufacturing precision and yield. Moreover, the first groove, the second groove and the third groove all extend along the second direction, which can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the difficulty of manufacturing.

[0034] Further, projections of the first groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have overlapping area. The overlapping area of the projections of the first groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction can further reduce the area of the connection region formed by the first groove, the second groove and the third groove, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module and improving the wide current and overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0035] Further, before forming the power generation layer, the method further comprises: forming an electrode separation layer, the electrode separation layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end are separated from each other based on a fourth groove; the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer. By adding the electrode separation layer, and the electrode separation layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end are separated from each other, the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer, which can provide a level plane for the connection position of the first electrode lead-out and the second electrode lead-out under the premise of ensuring that the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end are not short-circuited, thereby reducing the process difficulty. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figures 1-2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery assembly;

[0037] Figures 3-16 is a structural schematic diagram of each step of the forming method of the battery assembly of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] As described in the background, the battery assembly of the prior art still has many problems. The following will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

[0039] Figures 1-2 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery assembly;

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 is Figure 1A schematic cross-sectional view along line AA shows a battery assembly, comprising: a substrate 100; and a plurality of sub-battery modules 101 arranged and connected in series along a first direction X on the substrate 100; wherein each sub-battery module 101 includes: a bottom electrode layer 1011, a power generation layer 1012 located on the bottom electrode layer 1011, and a top electrode layer 1013 located on the power generation layer 1012; the bottom electrode layers 1011 of adjacent sub-battery modules 101 are separated from each other by a first trench 1014, the first trench 1014 extending along a second direction Y, and the first direction X... Perpendicular to the second direction Y; the power generation layers 1012 of adjacent sub-battery modules 101 are separated from each other based on a second trench 1015, the second trench 1015 extending along the second direction Y, the second trench 1015 exposing the top surface of the corresponding bottom electrode layer 1011; the top electrode layers 1013 of adjacent sub-battery modules 101 are separated from each other based on a third trench 1016, the third trench 1016 extending along the second direction Y, the top electrode layer 1013 filling the second trench 1015 and electrically connecting with the corresponding bottom electrode layer 1011.

[0041] The power generation layer 1012 of each of the sub-cell modules 101 comprises perovskite. The perovskite absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs, which separate charges under the influence of a built-in electric field. The electrons then form a current through an external circuit. The battery assembly is formed by connecting multiple sub-cell modules 101 in series. Series connection refers to electrically connecting the top electrode layer 1013 and the bottom electrode layer 1011 of adjacent sub-cell modules 101. The first trench 1014, the second trench 1015, and the third trench 1016 of adjacent sub-cell modules 101 are achieved through scribing and etching steps.

[0042] However, the connection area formed by the first trench 1014, the second trench 1015, and the third trench 1016 of the adjacent sub-battery modules 101 is a dead zone (e.g. Figure 1 As shown in Part A), it does not contribute any power. The power generation layers 1012 of adjacent sub-battery modules 101 are separated from each other based on the second trench 1015, that is, the second trench 1015 penetrates between adjacent power generation layers 1012 along the second direction Y, so that the area occupied by the second trench 1015 along the second direction Y is large, thereby making the dead area formed by the connection area large.

[0043] On this basis, the application provides a battery assembly and a forming method thereof. The power generation layers of adjacent sub-battery modules are connected and the second groove is present between the two, and the second groove exposes the top surface of the bottom electrode layer. The power generation layer is mainly used for separating charge generation current, and the conductivity of the power generation layer is much lower than that of the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer, and the connection of the power generation layer will not cause short circuit between the sub-battery modules. This makes the second groove not separate the power generation layers of adjacent sub-battery modules, but only provide a connection channel for the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. Therefore, the second groove does not penetrate through the adjacent power generation layers, thereby reducing the area occupied by the second groove, and further reducing the dead area formed by the connection area, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-battery module. The expansion of the active area helps to improve the current generation amount, and further enhances the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0044] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0045] Figures 3-16 is a structural schematic diagram of each step of the forming method of the battery assembly of the embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 3 , a substrate 200 is provided.

[0047] In this embodiment, the substrate 200 serves as the basic support structure of the battery assembly, and the substrate 200 provides physical support and stability for the battery assembly, ensuring that each functional layer can be accurately deposited and fixed on its surface.

[0048] In this embodiment, the material of the substrate 200 includes glass or polymer material (PI, PET, PEN), and the material properties (such as transparency and flexibility) of the substrate 200 will also affect the optical performance and application scenarios of the battery assembly. For example, the transparent glass substrate 200 is suitable for occasions that require efficient light absorption, while the flexible polymer substrate 200 can be used for bendable or wearable solar devices.

[0049] After providing the substrate 200, a plurality of sub-cell modules arranged along a first direction and connected in series are formed on the substrate 200; wherein the sub-cell module comprises a bottom electrode layer, an electricity generation layer on the bottom electrode layer, and a top electrode layer on the electricity generation layer; the bottom electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on a first groove; the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected, and the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules have a second groove therebetween, the second groove exposing a top surface of the corresponding bottom electrode layer; the top electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on a third groove, and the top electrode layer fills the second groove and is electrically connected to the corresponding bottom electrode layer. For specific processes, please refer to Figures 4-16 .

[0050] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 is Figure 4 a schematic view along the A-A line section of the substrate 200, and a bottom electrode material layer 201 is formed on the substrate 200.

[0051] In this embodiment, the bottom electrode material layer 201 adopts a transparent conductive oxide material (TCO), which can be indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Using a TCO layer as the bottom electrode material of the battery assembly can provide good electrical conductivity and optical transparency, so as to ensure that light can efficiently enter the perovskite layer and be absorbed, and at the same time, the generated electric charge can be transmitted to the external circuit.

[0052] Among them, ITO has excellent electrical conductivity and optical transparency, low resistivity, and can maintain high light transmittance in the visible light range. ITO thin film is usually prepared by sputtering or evaporation method, and is widely used in various optoelectronic devices, such as touch screen, liquid crystal display and solar cell, etc.

[0053] The main component of FTO is tin dioxide, and fluorine element is doped to improve the electrical conductivity. FTO has good chemical stability and mechanical stability, and can maintain performance in high temperature and corrosive environment. In addition, the preparation cost of FTO is relatively low, and the material resources are abundant, so it has been widely used in large-area solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.

[0054] IZO, on the other hand, is a relatively new TCO material composed of indium oxide and zinc oxide. IZO films exhibit good electrical conductivity and optical transparency, while also being highly adaptable to process conditions during fabrication, allowing for the production of high-quality films at lower temperatures. Another advantage of IZO is that it does not contain the rare metal indium in its composition, making it advantageous in terms of resource sustainability and cost control. IZO is primarily used in the fields of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), thin-film transistors, and perovskite solar cells.

[0055] In this embodiment, the bottom electrode material layer 201 is deposited on the substrate 200, and the bottom electrode material layer 201 is deposited by a vacuum deposition process (such as evaporation or sputtering) or a solution-based process (such as spraying or printing).

[0056] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 7 is Figure 6 In this embodiment, the bottom electrode material layer 201 is divided and separated by laser scribing to divide the bottom electrode material layer 201 into a plurality of bottom electrode layers 202.

[0057] In this embodiment, the bottom electrode material layer 201 is divided and separated by laser scribing to divide the bottom electrode material layer 201 into a plurality of bottom electrode layers 202.

[0058] In this embodiment, the first groove 203 extends along the second direction Y, the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, and the first groove 203 has a first length dimension d1 along the second direction Y.

[0059] In this embodiment, the first groove 203 extends through the adjacent bottom electrode layers 202 along the second direction Y, so that the adjacent bottom electrode layers 202 are electrically isolated to avoid short circuiting.

[0060] In this embodiment, after the bottom electrode material layer 201 is divided and separated by scribing, an electrode separation layer 204 is also formed, and the electrode separation layer 204 and the bottom electrode layer 202 of the first sub-cell module are separated from each other based on a fourth groove 205.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 9 is Figure 8 In this embodiment, after the bottom electrode material layer 201 is divided and separated by scribing, an electrode separation layer 204 is also formed, and the electrode separation layer 204 and the bottom electrode layer 202 of the first sub-cell module are separated from each other based on a fourth groove 205.

[0062] In the embodiment, the layer of the power generation material 206 also fills the fourth groove 205.

[0063] In the embodiment, the layer of the power generation material 206 is deposited by a vacuum deposition process (e.g. evaporation or sputtering) or a solution-based process (e.g. spraying or printing).

[0064] Please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 11 is Figure 10 In the embodiment, the layer of the power generation material 206 is scribed and divided to form a plurality of the power generation layers 207 connected to each other, and the second groove 208 is between the power generation layers 207 of adjacent sub-cell modules.

[0065] In the embodiment, the scribing and dividing of the layer of the power generation material 206 is performed by laser scribing.

[0066] In the embodiment, the second groove 208 extends along the second direction Y, and the second groove 208 has a second length dimension d2 along the second direction Y, which is smaller than the first length dimension d1.

[0067] In the embodiment, the layer of the power generation material 206 is also etched to form a first electrode opening 209 and a second electrode opening 210, the first electrode opening 209 exposes the electrode separation layer 204, and the second electrode opening 210 exposes the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub-cell module at the tail end.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 12 In the embodiment, the power generation layer 207 includes a hole transport layer 2071, a perovskite layer 2072 on the hole transport layer 2071, and an electron transport layer 2073 on the perovskite layer 2072.

[0069] The hole transport layer 2071, the perovskite layer 2072 and the electron transport layer 2073 are the core structures of the battery assembly, and have a clear positional relationship and synergistic effect among them, and together realize the function of photoelectric conversion. Among them, the main role of the hole transport layer 2071 is to transport holes while blocking electrons, thereby promoting charge separation; the perovskite layer 2072 is deposited on the hole transport layer 2071 and serves as a light absorption layer, which can absorb photons and excite electron-hole pairs; the electron transport layer 2073 is deposited on the perovskite layer 2072, and its role is to transport electrons and block holes, further promoting charge separation. When light irradiates the perovskite layer 2072, the generated electron-hole pairs are separated under the action of the built-in electric field, the holes move to the hole transport layer 2071, and the electrons move to the electron transport layer 2073, and finally form a current through the electrode collection. This structure design ensures the effective separation and transmission of photo-generated carriers, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar assembly.

[0070] In the present embodiment, the material of the hole transport layer 2071 includes nickel oxide (NiO), polytriazole amine (PTAA) or self-assembled monolayer (SAMs); wherein NiO is a common metal oxide with good hole transport performance, widely used in the hole transport layer 2071 of organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells; PTAA is a polymer material with excellent hole transport capacity, commonly used in perovskite solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and other devices, which can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the device; SAMs is a monolayer formed by self-assembly of organic molecules on the surface of the substrate 200 through chemical methods. In perovskite solar cells, SAMs can be used as an interfacial modification material to improve the contact between the electrode and the perovskite layer 2072 and improve the hole transport efficiency.

[0071] In the present embodiment, the material of the perovskite layer 2072 adopts the ABX3 structure, wherein A includes cesium (Cs), methylamine (CH3NH3, MA) or formamidine (HC(NH2)2, FA); B includes lead (Pb) or tin (Sn); X includes bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

[0072] In the present embodiment, the material of the electron transport layer 2073 includes fullerene (C 60 ), [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or tin dioxide (SnO2); wherein C 60PCBM is a kind of fullerene derivative with better solubility and electron transport performance, and is one of the commonly used electron transport materials in organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells at present; SnO2 is a kind of metal oxide with good electron transport performance and transparent conductivity, which is often used as the electron transport layer 2073 in perovskite solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes and other devices, and can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the devices.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 , Figure 14 is Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view along line E-E in FIG. 11, and a top electrode material layer 211 is formed on the plurality of power generation layers 207, and the top electrode material layer 211 fills the second groove 208.

[0074] In this embodiment, the top electrode material layer 211 is deposited by a vacuum deposition method (such as evaporation or sputtering) or a solution-based process (such as spraying or printing).

[0075] In this embodiment, the material of the top electrode material layer 211 includes indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), or gold (Au); wherein ITO is a kind of transparent conductive oxide with good conductivity and transparency, which is widely used in various optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, liquid crystal displays, etc., as a transparent electrode material; IZO is a kind of transparent conductive oxide similar to ITO, also with good conductivity and transparency, but the preparation cost of IZO is relatively low, and it has better chemical stability and mechanical properties; IWO is a kind of transparent conductive oxide with good conductivity and transparency, and its preparation process is relatively complex, but it is also used in some high-performance optoelectronic devices; Cu is a common metal material with good conductivity and ductility, which can be used as an electrode material in solar cells and other devices. But copper is easily oxidized in air, so it needs to be properly protected; Ag is a metal material with excellent conductivity, which is often used to prepare high-performance electrodes. In solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, silver electrodes can effectively reduce electrode resistance and improve the efficiency of the devices; Au is a precious metal with good conductivity and chemical stability, which is often used to prepare high-performance electrodes. In some optoelectronic devices with extremely high stability and performance requirements, gold electrodes are the ideal choice.

[0076] It is to be noted that in the present embodiment, the top electrode material layer 211 is also deposited on the electrode separation layer 204 exposed by the first electrode opening 209 and the bottom electrode layer 202 of the tail-end sub-cell module exposed by the second electrode opening 210.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 , Figure 16 is Figure 15 Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along F-F line in Fig. 3, showing that the top electrode material layer 211 is scribed and separated to form a plurality of top electrode layers 212 arranged separately from each other, and the third groove 213 is formed between adjacent top electrode layers 212.

[0078] The second groove 208 is formed between adjacent sub-cell modules 214, and the top surface of the bottom electrode layer 202 is exposed by the second groove 208. The power generation layer 207 is mainly used for separating the charge generation current, and its conductivity is much lower than that of the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202. The connection of the power generation layer 207 will not cause short circuit between the sub-cell modules 214. This makes the second groove 208 not need to separate the power generation layer 207 of adjacent sub-cell modules 214, but only need to provide a connection channel for the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202. Therefore, the second groove 208 does not penetrate the power generation layer 207 of adjacent sub-cell modules 214, so as to reduce the area occupied by the second groove 208, and further reduce the dead area formed by the connection area, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module 214. The expansion of the active area helps to improve the current generation, and further enhances the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0079] It is to be noted that in the present embodiment, the reduction of the electrical connection area will cause an increase in resistance, and therefore the finally formed battery assembly is suitable for indoor use. Since the indoor photovoltaic generated photocurrent is very small, the reduction of the electrical connection area will increase the resistance, but will not affect the electrical performance. On the contrary, because the dead area is reduced, the active area of the battery assembly is correspondingly increased, and the generated current is also increased, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0080] In the present embodiment, the scribing and separating process of the top electrode material layer 211 is performed by laser scribing.

[0081] In the embodiment, the first trench 203 and the third trench 213 have an overlapping area in the projection towards the substrate 200. Specifically, the first trench 203 and the second trench 208 extend along a second direction Y, the first direction X being perpendicular to the second direction Y; the third trench 213 comprises a first portion 213a, a second portion 213b and a third portion 213c, the first portion 213a and the third portion 213c extending along the second direction Y, the second portion 213b extending along the first direction X, and the second portion 213b being located between the first portion 213a and the third portion 213c and connecting the first portion 213a and the third portion 213c respectively; the third portion 213c and the first trench 203 have an overlapping area in the projection towards the substrate 200.

[0082] The first trench 203 and the third trench 213 have an overlapping area in the projection towards the substrate 200, which can further reduce the area of the connection region formed by the first trench 203, the second trench 208 and the third trench 213, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module 214 and improving the broad current and overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0083] In other embodiments, the first trench, the second trench and the third trench can also not have an overlapping area in the projection towards the substrate. Specifically, the first trench, the second trench and the third trench all extend along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction. The non-overlapping trench layout can reduce the complexity of the process steps, improve the manufacturing precision and yield. Moreover, the first trench, the second trench and the third trench all extending along the second direction can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the manufacturing difficulty.

[0084] In the embodiment, the top electrode layer 212 of the sub battery module 214 at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer 204, and the electrode separation layer 204 is separated from the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub battery module 214 at the head end, so that the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub battery module 214 at the head end are not short-circuited. The top electrode layer 212 of the sub battery module 214 at the tail end is located on the bottom electrode layer 202 exposed by the second electrode opening 210, and laser scribing is needed between the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub battery module 214 at the tail end to avoid short-circuiting. Therefore, by forming the electrode separation layer 204, the top electrode layer 212 of the sub battery module 214 at the head end can be deposited on the electrode separation layer 204, and a flat surface with the same height is provided for the connection position of the first electrode lead-out and the second electrode lead-out formed subsequently, so as to reduce the process difficulty.

[0085] In the embodiment, after the sub battery modules 214 are formed, a first electrode lead-out (not shown) electrically connected with the top electrode layer 212 of the sub battery module 214 at the head end is formed, and a second electrode lead-out (not shown) electrically connected with the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub battery module 214 at the tail end is formed.

[0086] In the embodiment, the first electrode lead-out is specifically formed in the first electrode opening 209, and the second electrode lead-out is specifically formed in the second electrode opening 210.

[0087] Correspondingly, the embodiment of the battery assembly is also provided, please continue to refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 , comprising a substrate 200, a plurality of sub battery modules 214 arranged in a first direction X and connected in series on the substrate 200, wherein the sub battery module 214 comprises a bottom electrode layer 202, an electric energy generation layer 207 located on the bottom electrode layer 202, and a top electrode layer 212 located on the electric energy generation layer 207; the bottom electrode layers 202 of adjacent sub battery modules 214 are separated from each other based on a first groove 203; the electric energy generation layers 207 of adjacent sub battery modules 214 are connected, and the electric energy generation layers 207 of adjacent sub battery modules 214 have a second groove 208 therebetween, and the second groove 208 exposes the top surface of the corresponding bottom electrode layer 202; the top electrode layers 212 of adjacent sub battery modules 214 are separated from each other based on a third groove 213, and the top electrode layer 212 fills the second groove 208 and is electrically connected with the corresponding bottom electrode layer 202.

[0088] The second grooves 208 are formed between the adjacent sub-cell modules 214, and expose the top surface of the bottom electrode layer 202. The electric energy generation layer 207 is mainly used for separating the charge generation current, and has a conductivity much lower than that of the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202. The connection of the electric energy generation layer 207 will not cause short circuit between the sub-cell modules 214. This makes the second grooves 208 not need to separate the electric energy generation layer 207 of the adjacent sub-cell modules 214, but only need to provide a connection channel for the top electrode layer 212 and the bottom electrode layer 202. Therefore, the second grooves 208 do not penetrate through the adjacent electric energy generation layer 207, so as to reduce the area occupied by the second grooves 208, and further reduce the dead area formed by the connection area, so as to increase the active area of the sub-cell module 214. The expansion of the active area helps to improve the current generation amount, and further enhances the overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0089] In the embodiment, the projection of the first groove 203 and the third groove 213 towards the substrate 200 direction has an overlapping area. Specifically, the first groove 203 and the second groove 208 extend along the second direction Y, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y; the third groove 213 includes a first part 213a, a second part 213b and a third part 213c, the first part 213a and the third part 213c extend along the second direction Y, the second part 213b extends along the first direction X, and the second part 213b is located between the first part 213a and the third part 213c, and respectively connects the first part 213a and the third part 213c; the projection of the third part 213c and the first groove 203 towards the substrate 200 direction has an overlapping area. The projection of the first groove 203 and the third groove 213 towards the substrate 200 direction has an overlapping area, which can further reduce the area of the connection area formed by the first groove 203, the second groove 208 and the third groove 213, so as to increase the active area of the sub-cell module 214, and improve the wide current and overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0090] In other embodiments, the projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction can also have no overlapping area. Specifically, the first groove, the second groove and the third groove extend along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The projections of the first groove and the third groove towards the substrate direction have an overlapping area, which can further reduce the area of the connection region formed by the first groove, the second groove and the third groove, thereby increasing the active area of the sub-cell module and improving the wide current and overall performance of the battery assembly.

[0091] In the present embodiment, the first groove 203 has a first length dimension d1 along the second direction Y, and the second groove 208 has a second length dimension d2 along the second direction Y, which is smaller than the first length dimension d1.

[0092] In the present embodiment, the first electrode lead-out is electrically connected to the top electrode layer 212 of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end, and the second electrode lead-out is electrically connected to the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub-cell module 214 at the tail end.

[0093] In the present embodiment, the electrode separation layer 204 is separated from the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end based on the fourth groove 205, and the top electrode layer 212 of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer 204. By adding the electrode separation layer 204, which is separated from the bottom electrode layer 202 of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end, and the top electrode layer 212 of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer 204, an equal-height plane can be provided for the connection position of the first electrode lead-out and the second electrode lead-out under the premise of ensuring that the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module 214 at the head end are not short-circuited, thereby reducing the process difficulty.

[0094] In the present embodiment, the power generation layer 207 includes a hole transport layer 2071, a perovskite layer 2072 located on the hole transport layer 2071, and an electron transport layer 2073 located on the perovskite layer 2072.

[0095] The hole transport layer 2071, the perovskite layer 2072 and the electron transport layer 2073 are the core structures of the battery assembly, and have a clear positional relationship and synergistic effect among them, and together realize the function of photoelectric conversion. Among them, the main role of the hole transport layer 2071 is to transport holes while blocking electrons, thereby promoting charge separation; the perovskite layer 2072 is deposited on the hole transport layer 2071 and serves as a light absorption layer, which can absorb photons and excite electron-hole pairs; the electron transport layer 2073 is deposited on the perovskite layer 2072, and its role is to transport electrons and block holes, further promoting charge separation. When light irradiates the perovskite layer 2072, the generated electron-hole pairs are separated under the action of the built-in electric field, the holes move to the hole transport layer 2071, and the electrons move to the electron transport layer 2073, and finally form a current through the electrode collection. This structure design ensures the effective separation and transmission of photo-generated carriers, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar energy assembly.

[0096] In the embodiment, the material of the hole transport layer 2071 includes nickel oxide (NiO), polytriazole amine (PTAA) or self-assembled monolayer (SAMs).

[0097] In the embodiment, the material of the perovskite layer 2072 adopts ABX3 structure, wherein A includes cesium (Cs), methylamine (CH3NH3, MA) or formamidine (HC(NH2)2, FA); B includes lead (Pb) or tin (Sn); and X includes bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

[0098] In the embodiment, the material of the electron transport layer 2073 includes fullerene (C 60 ), [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or tin dioxide (SnO2).

[0099] Although the present application is disclosed as above, the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and therefore the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A battery assembly, comprising: The application relates to a solar cell module. The solar cell module comprises a substrate, a plurality of sub-cell modules arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series one by one, wherein the sub-cell module comprises a bottom electrode layer, an electricity generation layer on the bottom electrode layer, and a top electrode layer on the electricity generation layer; the bottom electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on first grooves; the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected, and the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules have second grooves between them, the second grooves exposing the top surfaces of the corresponding bottom electrode layers; the top electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on third grooves, and the top electrode layers fill the second grooves and are electrically connected with the corresponding bottom electrode layers. The projections of the first grooves, the second grooves and the third grooves in the direction of the substrate do not have overlapping areas. The first grooves, the second grooves and the third grooves extend in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The projections of the first grooves and the third grooves in the direction of the substrate have overlapping areas. The first grooves and the second grooves extend in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the third grooves comprise a first part, a second part and a third part, the first part and the third part extend in the second direction, the second part extends in the first direction, the second part is located between the first part and the third part and connects the first part and the third part respectively. The projections of the third part and the first grooves in the direction of the substrate have overlapping areas.

2. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein, The first grooves have a first length dimension in the second direction, and the second grooves have a second length dimension in the second direction, the second length dimension is smaller than the first length dimension.

3. The battery assembly of claim 2, wherein, The solar cell module further comprises a first electrode lead-out electrically connected with the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end and a second electrode lead-out electrically connected with the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the tail end.

4. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein, The solar cell module further comprises an electrode separation layer based on fourth grooves to separate the bottom electrode layers of the sub-cell modules at the head end from each other, and the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer.

5. The battery assembly of claim 4, wherein, The electricity generation layer comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer.

6. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein, The application relates to a solar cell module.

7. The battery assembly of claim 3 or 5, wherein the battery assembly is a battery module. The solar cell module comprises a substrate, a plurality of sub-cell modules arranged in a first direction on the substrate and connected in series one by one, wherein the sub-cell module comprises a bottom electrode layer, an electricity generation layer on the bottom electrode layer, and a top electrode layer on the electricity generation layer; the bottom electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on first grooves; the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are connected, and the electricity generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules have second grooves between them, the second grooves exposing the top surfaces of the corresponding bottom electrode layers; the top electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on third grooves, and the top electrode layers fill the second grooves and are electrically connected with the corresponding bottom electrode layers.

8. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ 9. The battery assembly of claim 8, wherein, ​ ​ 10. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein, ​ 11. A method of forming a battery assembly, the method comprising: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The top electrode layers of adjacent sub-cell modules are separated from each other based on third grooves, and the top electrode layers are filled in the second grooves and electrically connected with the corresponding bottom electrode layers.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The forming method of the sub-cell modules comprises the following steps: forming a bottom electrode material layer on the substrate; performing a scribe separation process on the bottom electrode material layer to form a plurality of separated bottom electrode layers, and the first grooves are formed between adjacent bottom electrode layers; forming an electric energy generation material layer on the plurality of bottom electrode layers, and the electric energy generation material layer fills the first grooves; performing a scribe separation process on the electric energy generation material layer to form a plurality of electric energy generation layers connected with each other, and the second grooves are formed between the electric energy generation layers of adjacent sub-cell modules; forming a top electrode material layer on the plurality of electric energy generation layers, and the top electrode material layer fills the second grooves; and performing a scribe separation process on the top electrode material layer to form a plurality of top electrode layers arranged in a separated manner, and the third grooves are formed between adjacent top electrode layers. ​ 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The projections of the first grooves, the second grooves and the third grooves in the direction of the substrate do not have overlapping areas. ​ 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The first grooves, the second grooves and the third grooves extend along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. ​ 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The projections of the first grooves and the third grooves in the direction of the substrate have overlapping areas. ​ 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the battery assembly is formed by: The first grooves and the second grooves extend along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the third groove comprises a first part, a second part and a third part, the first part and the third part extend along the second direction, the second part extends along the first direction, and the second part is located between the first part and the third part and connects the first part and the third part, respectively.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the battery assembly is formed by: The projections of the third part and the first grooves in the direction of the substrate have overlapping areas.

18. The method of claim 14 or 16, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The first grooves have a first length dimension along the second direction, and the second grooves have a second length dimension along the second direction, and the second length dimension is smaller than the first length dimension. ​ 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: After forming the plurality of sub-cell modules, the method further comprises the following steps: forming a first electrode lead-out which is electrically connected with the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module located at the head end; and forming a second electrode lead-out which is electrically connected with the bottom electrode layer of the sub-cell module located at the tail end. ​ 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: Before forming the electric energy generation layer, the method further comprises the following step: forming an electrode separation layer which separates the bottom electrode layers of the sub-cell modules located at the head end from each other based on fourth grooves; and the top electrode layer of the sub-cell module located at the head end is located on the electrode separation layer. ​ 21. The method of claim 11, wherein the battery assembly is formed by a process comprising: The electric energy generation layer comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer located on the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer located on the perovskite layer. ​

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