Apparatus and method for diagnosing battery

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for diagnosing a battery, which can diagnose a battery state in consideration of an overpotential. The apparatus and method for diagnosing a battery according to the present disclosure have an advantage that the state of the battery does not need to be diagnosed by forcibly charging and discharging at a standard C-rate because the state of the battery is diagnosed based on a correction curve in which an overpotential is removed from a battery curve.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0115858, filed in Korea on August 31, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for diagnosing batteries, and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for diagnosing batteries that can take overpotential into account when diagnosing battery status. Background Technology

[0004] In recent years, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, cameras, and mobile phones has grown dramatically, while electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites have also experienced rapid development. Therefore, researchers are actively exploring high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging.

[0005] Currently available batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), nickel-zinc (NiZn), and lithium-ion batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention because, compared to nickel-based batteries, they have almost no memory effect and also have a very low self-discharge rate and high energy density.

[0006] While significant research is focused on the high capacity and density of these batteries, improving their lifespan and safety is also crucial. To enhance battery safety, technologies for accurately diagnosing the current state of the battery are needed.

[0007] Traditionally, battery condition diagnosis is achieved by analyzing battery curves that represent the relationship between battery capacity and voltage. For example, during battery charging, the corresponding battery capacity and voltage are measured, and the battery condition is diagnosed by analyzing the battery curves that represent the relationship between the measured capacity and voltage. Alternatively, battery condition can be diagnosed based on the capacity and voltage measured during battery discharge.

[0008] Here, to more accurately diagnose the current state of the battery, a battery profile that accurately reflects the current state is needed. However, there is a problem: obtaining such a battery profile requires low-rate charging and discharging, such as 0.05C (C rate). In other words, there are limitations in diagnosing battery state because low-rate charging and discharging has been required in the past.

[0009] For example, when charging and discharging a battery at 0.3C or higher, the resulting battery profile may not accurately reflect the battery's current state due to the presence of overpotentials. Because of concerns that using battery profiles that include overpotentials might not accurately diagnose battery state, low-rate charging and discharging is required for accurate battery state diagnosis. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical issues

[0011] This disclosure is designed to address problems existing in the related art, and therefore aims to provide an apparatus and method for diagnosing batteries that can diagnose batteries with regard to overpotential.

[0012] These and other objects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description and will become more apparent from exemplary embodiments thereof. Furthermore, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of this disclosure may be achieved by means of the means and combinations thereof shown in the appended claims.

[0013] Technical solutions

[0014] An apparatus for diagnosing batteries according to one aspect of the present disclosure may include: a curve acquisition unit configured to acquire each of a plurality of battery curves representing the correspondence between voltage and capacity of each of a plurality of batteries; a curve correction unit configured to generate a plurality of correction curves by correcting the plurality of battery curves based on a preset overpotential curve, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve corresponding to each of the plurality of correction curves by adjusting preset standard positive electrode curves and standard negative electrode curves to correspond to each of the plurality of correction curves; and a control unit configured to extract diagnostic factors regarding the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjusted positive electrode curves, and to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries based on the extracted diagnostic factors.

[0015] An overpotential curve can be a curve representing the voltage difference at each capacity between the battery curve of a standard battery with a target C rate set for multiple batteries and the battery curve of a standard battery with a standard C rate.

[0016] The curve correction unit can be configured to generate multiple correction curves by calculating the voltage difference for each capacity between each of the multiple battery curves and the overpotential curve.

[0017] Overpotential profiles can be configured to be pre-stored for each of the multiple C rates.

[0018] The curve correction unit can be configured to select an overpotential curve corresponding to the target C rate from a plurality of pre-stored overpotential curves, and generate a plurality of correction curves using the selected overpotential curve.

[0019] The control unit can be configured to select a diagnostic factor that is outside the threshold range among the multiple diagnostic factors by considering the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors, and diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as an abnormal state.

[0020] The curve correction unit can be configured to generate a comparative full-cell curve based on the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve by adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve until the generated comparative full-cell curve corresponds to the correction curve.

[0021] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a battery pack may include means for diagnosing the battery according to another aspect of this disclosure.

[0022] A battery manufacturing system according to another aspect of this disclosure may include a device for diagnosing batteries according to another aspect of this disclosure.

[0023] A vehicle according to another aspect of this disclosure may include a device for diagnosing a battery according to another aspect of this disclosure.

[0024] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a battery diagnostic method may include: a curve acquisition step for acquiring each of a plurality of battery curves representing the correspondence between voltage and capacity of each of a plurality of batteries; a calibration curve generation step for generating a plurality of calibration curves by correcting the plurality of battery curves based on a preset overpotential curve; a curve adjustment step for generating an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve corresponding to each battery by adjusting a preset standard positive electrode curve and a standard negative electrode curve to correspond to each of the plurality of calibration curves; a diagnostic factor extraction step for extracting diagnostic factors related to the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjusted positive electrode curve; and a state diagnostic step for diagnosing the state of the plurality of batteries based on the extracted diagnostic factors.

[0025] Beneficial effects

[0026] The advantage of the battery diagnostic apparatus according to this disclosure is that it eliminates the need to force charging and discharging at a standard C rate to diagnose battery state, since battery state is diagnosed based on a calibration curve in which overpotentials are removed from the battery profile. In other words, battery state can be diagnosed even when charging and discharging at C rates other than the standard C rate, thus enabling rapid battery state diagnosis without being limited by charging and discharging conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, the device for diagnosing batteries has the advantage of being able to quickly distinguish and diagnose normal and abnormal batteries by comparing the states of multiple batteries relative to the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors.

[0028] The effects of this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand from the description of the claims other effects not mentioned. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the foregoing disclosure, are used to further understand the technical features of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an apparatus for diagnosing a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an overpotential curve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the battery curves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram schematically illustrating the correction curves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of diagnostic factors according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a graph illustrating the distribution of diagnostic factors according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figures 7 to 14 This is a diagram used to explain the process of adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 16 This is a diagram used to explain the process of manufacturing a battery cell by a battery manufacturing system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for diagnosing a battery according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0041] It should be understood that the terms used in this specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to their general or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted based on their meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical aspects of this disclosure, on the basis of allowing the inventors to make appropriate definitions of the terms to obtain the best interpretation.

[0042] Therefore, the description presented herein is merely a preferred example for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that other equivalents and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0043] Furthermore, in describing this disclosure, a detailed description of a known element or function will be omitted if it is believed that such a description would cause ambiguity regarding the key subject matter of this disclosure.

[0044] Terms including ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” can be used to distinguish one element from another among various elements, but are not intended to limit these elements by these terms.

[0045] Throughout this specification, when a section is referred to as “comprising” or “including” any element, unless otherwise expressly stated, it means that the section may also include other elements, without excluding other elements.

[0046] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when one part is referred to as "connected" to another part, it is not limited to the case where they are "directly connected," but also includes the case where they are "indirectly connected" by inserting another element between them.

[0047] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device 100 for diagnosing batteries according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 The device 100 for diagnosing batteries may include a curve acquisition unit 110, a curve correction unit 120, and a control unit 130.

[0050] The curve acquisition unit 110 can be configured to acquire each of the multiple battery curves BP, which indicates the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of each of the multiple batteries.

[0051] Here, a battery refers to a physically separable, individual cell with a negative and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery can be considered a battery. Furthermore, the type of battery can be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-type. Additionally, a battery can refer to a battery pack, battery module, or battery array consisting of multiple cells connected in series and / or parallel. For ease of explanation, a battery will be interpreted as a single, independent cell below.

[0052] Specifically, the battery curve BP is a curve representing the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) as the battery's SOC (State of Charge) is charged from 0% to 100%. Conversely, the battery curve BP can represent the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) as the battery's SOC is discharged from 100% to 0%. For example, the battery curve BP can be generated based on the voltage and capacity of the battery when charged or discharged at a specific C-rate. In generating the battery curve BP, the C-rate must remain constant. That is, once the charging and discharging C-rate is set, it will remain constant until the charging and discharging processes are completed.

[0053] For example, the curve acquisition unit 110 can directly receive the battery curve BP from an external source. That is, the curve acquisition unit 110 can acquire the battery curve BP by connecting to an external source via wired and / or wireless means and receiving the battery curve BP.

[0054] As another example, the curve acquisition unit 110 can receive battery information regarding the battery's voltage (V) and capacity (Q). Furthermore, the curve acquisition unit 110 can generate a battery curve BP based on the received battery information. In other words, the curve acquisition unit 110 can acquire the battery curve BP by directly generating the battery curve BP based on the battery information.

[0055] The curve acquisition unit 110 can be connected to enable communication with the curve correction unit 120. For example, the curve acquisition unit 110 can be connected to the curve correction unit 120 via wired and / or wireless means. The curve acquisition unit can transmit the acquired battery curve BP to the curve correction unit 120.

[0056] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate multiple correction curves CP by correcting multiple battery curves BP based on a preset overpotential curve OP.

[0057] Here, the overpotential curve OP is a curve representing the relationship between capacity and overpotential. For example, the overpotential curve OP represents the overpotential based on capacity. Specifically, the overpotential curve OP can be a curve representing the voltage difference for each capacity between the battery curve of a standard battery with a target C rate set for multiple batteries and the battery curve of a standard battery with a standard C rate.

[0058] For example, suppose the standard C-rate is 0.05C and the target C-rate is 0.3C. A first battery curve can be obtained when the standard battery is charged (or discharged) at 0.05C. A second battery curve can be obtained when the standard battery is charged (or discharged) at 0.3C. For the same capacity, the voltage difference between the first and second battery curves can be calculated as the overpotential. That is, by calculating the overpotential for each capacity between the first and second battery curves, an overpotential curve OP representing the correspondence between capacity and overpotential can be generated. Typically, if the battery is charged and discharged at a C-rate higher than the standard C-rate, the measured battery voltage may include overpotential. Therefore, the overpotential curve OP can be generated by subtracting the standard C-rate-based battery curve (calculating the voltage difference for each capacity) from the target C-rate-based battery curve.

[0059] Figure 2 This is a graph of the overpotential curve OP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0060] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a graph showing the overpotential curve OP generated during the discharge of a standard battery from its initial capacity (Qi) to its final capacity (Qf). A first battery curve can be generated when the standard battery discharges from its initial capacity (Qi) to its final capacity (Qf) at a standard discharge rate (C). Furthermore, a second battery curve can be generated when the standard battery discharges from its initial capacity (Qi) to its final capacity (Qf) at a target discharge rate (C). The overpotential curve OP can be generated by calculating the voltage difference between the first and second battery curves for each discharge capacity from the initial capacity (Qi) to the final capacity (Qf).

[0061] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate multiple correction curves CP by calculating the voltage difference for each capacity between each of the multiple battery curves BP and the overpotential curve OP.

[0062] Specifically, the curve correction unit 120 can remove the overpotential curve OP from the battery curve BP. For example, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate the difference between the voltage of the curve BP for batteries of the same capacity and the overpotential of the overpotential curve OP. The curve correction unit 120 can generate a correction curve CP by calculating the difference between the voltage of the curve BP for batteries of the entire capacity and the overpotential of the overpotential curve OP. In other words, the correction curve CP is the curve in which the overpotential curve OP is removed from the battery curve BP.

[0063] For example, suppose the overpotential curve OP is the voltage difference between the first cell curve of a standard battery at 0.05C and the second cell curve of a standard battery at 0.3C. The correction curve CP, generated from the difference between the battery curve BP at 0.3C and the overpotential curve OP, can be the curve corresponding to 0.05C. That is, since the overpotential of the overpotential curve OP is removed from the battery curve BP at 0.3C, the correction curve CP at 0.05C can be derived.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the battery curve BP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the correction curve CP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 3 The battery curve BP in the figure is the curve obtained when the battery is discharged from the initial capacity (Qi) to the final capacity (Qf) at the target C rate.

[0066] refer to Figures 2 to 4 The curve correction unit 120 can be accessed from... Figure 3 BP removal of battery curve Figure 2 The overpotential curve OP is used to generate Figure 4 The correction curve CP. Here, with Figure 3 The target C rate corresponding to the battery curve BP and the... Figure 2 The overpotential curve OP corresponds to the same target C rate. In other words, a correction curve CP can be generated based on the battery curve BP and the overpotential curve OP with the same target C rate.

[0067] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate an adjusted positive curve and an adjusted negative curve corresponding to each battery by adjusting a preset standard positive curve and a preset standard negative curve to correspond to each of a plurality of correction curves CP.

[0068] A standard positive electrode curve can be a curve representing the relationship between the capacity and voltage of a standard positive electrode cell, pre-defined to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery. For example, the standard positive electrode cell can be the positive electrode of a coin-type half-cell or a three-electrode cell. Similarly, a standard negative electrode curve can be a curve representing the relationship between the capacity and voltage of a standard negative electrode cell, pre-defined to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery. For example, the standard negative electrode cell can be the negative electrode of a coin-type half-cell or a three-electrode cell.

[0069] Specifically, the curve correction unit 120 can adjust the standard positive and negative electrode curves to correspond to the correction curve CP. More specifically, the curve correction unit 120 can adjust the standard positive and negative electrode curves to generate adjusted positive and negative electrode curves. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can generate a comparison full-cell curve based on the adjusted positive and negative electrode curves. The curve correction unit 120 can adjust the standard positive and negative electrode curves until the comparison full-cell curve corresponds to the correction curve CP.

[0070] For example, the curve correction unit 120 can generate multiple comparative full-cell curves by shifting or scaling the capacity of standard positive and negative electrode curves, and specify the comparative full-cell curve with the smallest error to the correction curve CP among the multiple comparative full-cell curves. Furthermore, it can also determine the adjusted positive and adjusted negative electrode curves corresponding to the specified comparative full-cell curves.

[0071] Related to this, will be referred to later. Figures 7 to 14 A more specific embodiment is described, wherein the adjusted positive electrode curve of the battery is determined by adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve to correspond to the calibration curve CP.

[0072] The control unit 130 can be configured to extract diagnostic factors about the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjustment positive electrode curve.

[0073] Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine the positive electrode participation endpoint pf in the positive electrode adjustment curve. Furthermore, the control unit 130 can extract the potential of the positive electrode participation endpoint pf as the positive terminal potential. In other words, the control unit 130 can extract the positive terminal potential of the positive electrode adjustment curve as a diagnostic factor.

[0074] For example, the control unit 130 can extract diagnostic factors for each of the multiple batteries based on the adjustment positive electrode curve corresponding to each of the multiple batteries. It is important to note that the diagnostic factor extracted for multiple batteries is the same. That is, the control unit 130 can extract multiple diagnostic factors corresponding to multiple batteries.

[0075] The control unit 130 can be configured to diagnose the state of multiple batteries based on multiple extracted diagnostic factors.

[0076] Specifically, since multiple diagnostic factors have the same value, the control unit 130 can distinguish and diagnose normal and abnormal batteries by considering the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors.

[0077] Preferably, the control unit 130 can use statistical analysis methods to compare multiple diagnostic factors with a threshold range (TH) and diagnose the battery status as normal or abnormal based on the comparison results.

[0078] For example, control unit 130 can be configured to select a diagnostic factor outside a threshold range (TH) from among the multiple diagnostic factors by considering the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors, and diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as an abnormal state. Conversely, control unit 130 can be configured to select a diagnostic factor within a threshold range (TH) from among the multiple diagnostic factors, and diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as a normal state.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of diagnostic factors according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 This diagram illustrates an embodiment where the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors follows a normal distribution. For example, if the mean of the diagnostic factors is m and the standard deviation is σ, the threshold range TH can be set to a range greater than m-2σ and less than m+2σ. The control unit 130 can categorize the multiple diagnostic factors into those belonging to the threshold range TH and those not belonging to the threshold range TH. Furthermore, the control unit 130 can diagnose the battery state corresponding to diagnostic factors belonging to the threshold range TH as a normal state and diagnose the battery state corresponding to diagnostic factors not belonging to the threshold range TH as an abnormal state.

[0080] For ease of explanation, an embodiment of a threshold range TH based on 2σ has been described above. However, it should be noted that the threshold range TH is not limited to the range from m-2σ to m+2σ.

[0081] The battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to this disclosure diagnoses the battery state based on a correction curve CP from which overpotential has been removed from the battery curve BP. Therefore, it has the advantage that battery state can be diagnosed without being forced to charge and discharge at a standard C rate. In other words, even if the battery is charged and discharged at a C rate other than the standard C rate, the state of the corresponding battery can be diagnosed, thus enabling rapid battery state diagnosis without being limited by charging and discharging conditions.

[0082] Furthermore, the device 100 for diagnosing batteries has the advantage of being able to quickly distinguish and diagnose normal and abnormal batteries by comparing the states of multiple batteries based on the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors.

[0083] Meanwhile, the control unit 130 included in the battery diagnostic device 100 may optionally include processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc., known in the art, to execute the various control logics performed in this disclosure. Furthermore, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 130 can be implemented as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules can be stored in memory and executed by the control unit 130. The memory can be located internally or externally to the control unit 130 and can be connected to the control unit 130 in various well-known ways.

[0084] Furthermore, the device 100 for diagnosing the battery may further include a storage unit 140. The storage unit 140 may store data necessary for the operation and function of each component of the device 100 for diagnosing the battery, data generated during the execution of operations or functions, etc. The type of storage unit 140 is not particularly limited, as long as it is a known information storage device capable of recording, erasing, updating, and retrieving data. For example, the information storage device may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit 140 may also store program code for processes that can be executed by a defined control unit 130.

[0085] For example, storage unit 140 can store multiple battery curves BP, overpotential curves OP, multiple correction curves CP, standard positive electrode curve, standard negative electrode curve, adjusted positive electrode curve, adjusted negative electrode curve, and multiple diagnostic factors.

[0086] The following section compares the conventional battery status diagnosis method with the battery status diagnosis method performed by the device 100 for diagnosing batteries.

[0087] For example, if a low-rate charge / discharge of 0.05C is forced using traditional methods to obtain the battery profile BP, it could take approximately 20 hours just to obtain the BP profile. Furthermore, the process of diagnosing the battery state based on the obtained BP profile may require additional time. In other words, because the process of obtaining the BP profile using traditional methods takes a considerable amount of time, there is a problem with the inability to quickly diagnose the battery state.

[0088] On the other hand, if the battery is charged and discharged at 0.3C according to the embodiments of this disclosure, the battery curve BP can be obtained in approximately 3 hours. That is, according to the embodiments of this disclosure, the time required to obtain the battery curve BP can be significantly reduced compared to conventional methods. However, since the battery curve BP obtained in this manner includes overpotentials, the device 100 for diagnosing the battery can generate a correction curve CP by removing the overpotentials from the battery curve BP, and diagnose the battery state based on the generated correction curve CP. Therefore, even considering the additional time required for the process of generating the correction curve CP and the process of diagnosing the battery state, the device 100 for diagnosing the battery still has the advantage of being able to diagnose the battery state very quickly compared to conventional methods.

[0089] The overpotential profile OP can be configured to be pre-stored for each of the multiple C rates.

[0090] Specifically, multiple overpotential curves (OPs) can be provided, and the C-rates corresponding to each of the multiple overpotential curves (OPs) can be different. For example, based on a unit C-rate, the overpotential curves (OPs) corresponding to each C-rate can be pre-stored.

[0091] Furthermore, overpotential curves OP that have not been experimentally obtained can be acquired and stored by interpolation or extrapolation between similar overpotential curves OP. Specifically, in addition to the pre-stored overpotential curves OP, the curve correction unit 120 can also generate overpotential curves OP for various C rates by interpolation or extrapolation, and store the generated overpotential curves OP in the storage unit 140. For example, if an overpotential curve OP corresponding to 1C and an overpotential curve OP corresponding to 1.2C are pre-stored, an overpotential curve OP corresponding to 1.1C can be additionally obtained based on the difference between these two overpotential curves OP.

[0092] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to select an overpotential curve OP that corresponds to the target C rate from a plurality of pre-stored overpotential curves OP.

[0093] Here, the target C-rate is the C-rate set for the battery. For example, if multiple battery curves BP are obtained during the charging of multiple batteries at 0.3C, then the target C-rate is 0.3C. The curve correction unit 120 can select the overpotential curve OP corresponding to 0.3C from among the multiple overpotential curves OP.

[0094] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate multiple correction curves CP using a selected overpotential curve OP.

[0095] For example, curve correction unit 120 can generate multiple correction curves CP by calculating the difference between each of the multiple battery curves BP and the selected overpotential curve OP. That is, curve correction unit 120 can obtain multiple correction curves CP from which overpotential is collectively removed.

[0096] Since overpotential corresponds to noise, a battery curve BP with overpotential may not accurately reflect the current state of the battery. Therefore, the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can use an overpotential curve OP corresponding to a target C rate to remove overpotential included in the battery curve BP. In other words, the advantage of the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 is that it can more accurately diagnose the battery state based on a correction curve CP from which overpotential has been removed.

[0097] For example, suppose the battery and the device 100 for diagnosing the battery are equipped in a final application. Here, the final application refers to the final product to which the device 100 for diagnosing the battery can be applied, and may include motorcycles, vehicles, or ESS (energy storage systems). That is, the device 100 for diagnosing the battery may be an on-board diagnostic device equipped in the final application. In this case, the battery's C-rate may not be included in the multiple C-rates corresponding to the pre-stored overpotential curve OP.

[0098] In other words, in actual battery operation during final applications, the battery's C-rate may vary due to various environmental factors. Therefore, the battery's C-rate may not be included among the multiple C-rates corresponding to the pre-stored overpotential curve OP. In this case, if the overpotential included in the battery curve BP is removed based on battery curves BP and OP with different C-rates, the resulting correction curve CP may not accurately reflect the battery's state.

[0099] Therefore, if the battery's C-rate is not included in multiple C-rates, the curve correction unit 120 can generate an overpotential curve OP corresponding to the battery's C-rate by determining two C-rates adjacent to the battery's C-rate among the multiple C-rates and interpolating the overpotential curve corresponding to the determined C-rates. Then, the curve correction unit 120 can generate a correction curve CP by removing the overpotential included in the battery curve BP based on the battery curve BP and the generated overpotential curve OP.

[0100] Simultaneously, multiple overpotential curves (charging overpotential curves) corresponding to the charging rate C and multiple overpotential curves (discharging overpotential curves) corresponding to the discharging rate C can be pre-stored. In other words, multiple charging overpotential curves and multiple discharging overpotential curves can be stored independently.

[0101] Typically, batteries exhibit a hysteresis effect during charging and discharging, meaning that charging and discharging capacities can differ even at the same voltage. Therefore, to more accurately diagnose battery state, it is desirable to store multiple overpotential profiles (OP) to differentiate between charging and discharging rates (C-rate).

[0102] The control unit 130 can determine the charging and discharging process (charging process or discharging process) corresponding to the battery curve BP. For example, the control unit 130 can determine the charging and discharging process of the battery curve BP by comparing the initial capacity and the final capacity. In addition, the control unit 130 can select the corresponding overpotential curve OP based on the determined charging and discharging process and the target C rate.

[0103] The apparatus 100 for diagnosing batteries according to embodiments of the present disclosure can select the overpotential curve OP by taking into account the target C rate and the charging and discharging process, thereby more accurately diagnosing the state of multiple batteries.

[0104] The following will describe the positive electrode factor, the negative electrode factor, and examples of both positive and negative electrode factors.

[0105] The positive electrode factor may include at least one of the positive electrode initiation potential, positive electrode termination potential, positive electrode rate of change, and positive electrode loading of the battery based on the adjusted positive electrode curve.

[0106] The positive electrode initiation potential is the starting potential of the positive electrode curve, and the positive electrode termination potential is the ending potential of the positive electrode curve. Specifically, the positive electrode initiation potential is the potential value of pi, the starting point of the positive electrode participation in the positive electrode curve. The positive electrode termination potential is the potential value of pf, the ending point of the positive electrode participation in the positive electrode curve.

[0107] The positive electrode change rate (ps) can represent the rate of change [%] of the adjusted positive electrode curve relative to the standard positive electrode curve. Specifically, the positive electrode change rate (ps) can be the rate of contraction or expansion of the adjusted positive electrode curve relative to the standard positive electrode curve. For example, if the adjusted positive electrode curve contracts by 10% relative to the standard positive electrode curve, the positive electrode change rate (ps) is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted positive electrode curve is a 10% expansion of the standard positive electrode curve, the positive electrode change rate (ps) is 110%.

[0108] Positive electrode loading (p_loading) refers to the amount of positive electrode active material coated on the positive electrode current collector. Since the positive electrode adjustment curve represents the current state of the battery's positive electrode, the control unit 130 can calculate the positive electrode loading (p_loading) based on the positive electrode adjustment curve. For example, the control unit 130 can calculate the positive electrode loading (p_loading) by considering the positive electrode change rate (ps), a preset standard positive electrode capacity, and a preset standard area. Here, the standard positive electrode capacity can refer to the capacity of a preset standard positive electrode cell. Furthermore, the standard area can refer to the area of ​​a preset standard positive electrode cell. Specifically, the control unit 130 can calculate the positive electrode loading (p_loading) using the following formula 1.

[0109] [Formula 1]

[0110] Where p_loading represents the positive electrode loading, and ps represents the positive electrode change rate. Q rc This indicates the standard positive electrode capacity, and A pc Indicates standard area.

[0111] Negative electrode diagnostic factors may include at least one of the following: negative electrode initiation potential, negative electrode termination potential, negative electrode rate of change, and negative electrode load, based on the adjusted negative electrode curve of the battery.

[0112] The negative electrode initiation potential is the starting potential of the adjusted negative electrode curve, and the negative electrode termination potential is the ending potential of the adjusted negative electrode curve. Specifically, the negative electrode initiation potential is the potential value of ni, the starting point of the adjusted negative electrode participation in the negative electrode curve. The negative electrode termination potential is the potential value of nf, the ending point of the adjusted negative electrode participation in the negative electrode curve.

[0113] The negative electrode change rate (ns) can represent the rate of change [%] of the adjusted negative electrode curve relative to the standard negative electrode curve. Specifically, the negative electrode change rate (ns) can be the rate of contraction or expansion of the adjusted negative electrode curve relative to the standard negative electrode curve. For example, if the adjusted negative electrode curve contracts by 10% relative to the standard negative electrode curve, the negative electrode change rate (ns) is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted negative electrode curve is a 10% expansion of the standard negative electrode curve, the negative electrode change rate (ns) is 110%.

[0114] The negative electrode loading (n_loading) refers to the amount of negative electrode active material coated on the negative electrode current collector. Since the adjustment negative electrode curve indicates the current state of the battery's negative electrode, the control unit 130 can calculate the negative electrode loading (n_loading) based on the adjustment negative electrode curve. Specifically, the control unit 130 can calculate the negative electrode loading (n_loading) by considering the negative electrode change rate (ns), a preset standard negative electrode capacity, and a preset standard area. Here, the standard negative electrode capacity can refer to the capacity of a preset standard negative electrode cell. The standard area can refer to the area of ​​a preset standard negative electrode cell. Specifically, the control unit 130 can calculate the negative electrode loading (n_loading) using the following formula 2 based on the negative electrode change rate (ns), the standard negative electrode capacity, and the standard area.

[0115] [Formula 2]

[0116] Here, n_loading represents the negative electrode load, and ns represents the negative electrode change rate. ra This represents the standard negative electrode capacity, and A pa Indicates standard area.

[0117] Positive and negative electrode factors can include the NP ratio based on the positive electrode loading and negative electrode loading.

[0118] Specifically, the NP ratio refers to the ratio of the positive electrode load to the negative electrode load. For example, the control unit 130 can calculate the NP ratio using the following formula 3.

[0119] [Formula 3]

[0120] Here, the np ratio is the NP ratio, p-loading is the positive electrode load according to Formula 1, and n-loading is the negative electrode load according to Formula 2.

[0121] Figure 6 This is a graph illustrating the distribution of diagnostic factors according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0122] Specifically, Figure 6 This is a graph showing the potential distribution at multiple positive terminals. As in the aforementioned embodiment, Figure 6 Suppose that the range of two standard deviations of the mean is set as the threshold range (TH).

[0123] The control unit 130 can extract diagnostic factors for a diagnostic item of multiple batteries and diagnose the state of multiple batteries based on the distribution of the extracted diagnostic factors.

[0124] For example, in Figure 6In this embodiment, the positive terminal potential can be selected as the item of interest. The control unit 130 can extract the positive terminal potential from multiple adjusted positive electrode curves for multiple batteries. Then, the control unit 130 can select the positive terminal potential that exceeds a threshold range (TH) among the multiple positive terminal potentials. That is, the control unit 130 can select a positive terminal potential that exceeds the upper limit of the threshold range (TH) (m+2σ) or is less than the lower limit of the threshold range (TH) (m-2σ). The control unit 130 can then diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected positive terminal potential as an abnormal state. Conversely, the control unit 130 can diagnose the state of the remaining batteries as a normal state.

[0125] The battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can extract diagnostic factors for items of interest and diagnose the state of multiple batteries based on the extracted diagnostic factors. Therefore, the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 has the advantage of being able to quickly diagnose the battery state based on a correction curve CP for removing overpotentials, and can diagnose the battery state more specifically for each sub-item.

[0126] The following will describe in detail an embodiment of the curve correction unit 120 adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve.

[0127] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate a comparative full-cell curve based on a standard positive electrode curve and a standard negative electrode curve.

[0128] Specifically, a comparative full-cell curve can be generated based on the voltage difference between each capacity in the standard positive and negative electrode curves. For example, suppose the voltage of the standard positive electrode curve corresponding to a certain capacity x is Vp, and the voltage of the standard negative electrode curve is Vn. The voltage of the comparative full-cell curve corresponding to capacity x can be calculated as "Vp - Vn". The curve correction unit 120 can generate the comparative full-cell curve by calculating the voltage difference between the standard positive and negative electrode curves for the entire capacity.

[0129] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to generate an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve by adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve until the generated comparative full cell curve corresponds to the correction curve CP.

[0130] Specifically, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate the error between the comparison full-cell curve and the correction curve CP. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can adjust the standard positive and negative electrode curves until the error between the comparison full-cell curve and the correction curve CP is minimized. If a comparison full-cell curve that minimizes the error with the correction curve CP is determined, the adjusted positive and adjusted negative electrode curves, which form the basis of the determined comparison full-cell curve, can be estimated as positive and negative electrode curves representing the current state of the battery. A problem with the prior art is that it is not possible to directly obtain the positive and negative electrode curves indicating the current state of the battery without directly disassembling the battery. Therefore, it can be strongly assumed that the adjusted positive and adjusted negative electrode curves, which form the basis of the comparison full-cell curve determined through the adjustment process, are used as positive and negative electrode curves reflecting the current state of the battery.

[0131] Below, we will refer to Figures 7 to 14 The embodiments of the curve correction unit 120 adjusting the standard positive and standard negative curves are described in more detail below.

[0132] Figures 7 to 14 This is a diagram used to explain the process of adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, the calibration curve CP according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described as the measurement curve M of the full cell.

[0133] Figure 7 These are graphs used to illustrate examples of the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn, respectively. Figure 7 In the chart, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage (V).

[0134] Figure 8 This is an example graph used to interpret the measured full-cell curve M of the target battery. Figure 8 In the chart, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage (V).

[0135] The curve correction unit 120 can be configured to compare the measured full-cell curve M with at least one comparative full-cell curve. Here, the comparative full-cell curve can be the result of synthesizing (combining) the adjusted positive and adjusted negative curves based on the standard positive curve Rp and the standard negative curve Rn stored respectively in the storage unit 140.

[0136] In other words, when the standard full-cell curve R is the result of subtracting a portion of the standard negative electrode curve Rn from a portion of the standard positive electrode curve Rp, comparing the full-cell curves can be said to be the result of subtracting a portion of the adjusted negative electrode curve from a portion of the adjusted positive electrode curve.

[0137] Curve correction unit 120 can generate at least one comparative full-cell curve by directly adjusting the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn. Alternatively, at least one comparative full-cell curve can be pre-defined based on the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn and stored in storage unit 140. In this case, curve correction unit 120 can obtain the comparative full-cell curve by accessing storage unit 140 and reading the comparative full-cell curve.

[0138] The curve correction unit 120 can generate multiple comparative full-cell curves from the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn by repeatedly adjusting each of the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn to different levels and then synthesizing them. These comparative full-cell curves can also be referred to as "adjusted standard full-cell curves".

[0139] The curve correction unit 120 can specify any one of the comparative full-cell curves that has the smallest error in measuring the full-cell curve M from a plurality of comparative full-cell curves.

[0140] Next, the curve correction unit 120 can determine the adjusted positive electrode curve and the adjusted negative electrode curve, which are mapped to the specified comparison full-cell curve, as the positive electrode curve and negative electrode curve of the battery. It should be noted below that the positive electrode curve is the finally determined adjusted positive electrode curve, and the negative electrode curve is the finally determined adjusted negative electrode curve.

[0141] In this regard, various methods known at the time of this disclosure can be used to determine the error between two curves, each of which can be represented in a two-dimensional coordinate system. For example, the integral of the absolute area between the two curves or the RMSE (root mean square error) can be used as the error between the two curves.

[0142] According to this configuration of the present disclosure, various state information about the battery can be obtained based on the finally determined positive and negative electrode curves. The finally determined positive and negative electrode curves can be mapped to a comparative full-cell curve mapped with minimal error. Specifically, it can be said that the comparative full-cell curve generated from the finally determined positive and negative electrode curves is almost identical in shape to the measured full-cell curve M.

[0143] Therefore, according to this disclosure, the positive and negative electrode curves of a battery can be obtained even without disassembling the battery.

[0144] If the battery is new, this disclosure can be used more effectively to diagnose whether the battery has defects by analyzing the positive and negative electrode curves, and if defects are found, to diagnose the type of defects.

[0145] If a battery has been put into use after being verified as good, the degree of degradation of the battery for each degradation item can be determined by the positive and negative electrode curves.

[0146] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, the positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery can be obtained in a simple manner. This disclosure can be implemented even if only one standard positive electrode profile Rp and one standard negative electrode profile Rn are stored in the storage cell 140. That is, it is not necessary to store multiple standard positive electrode profiles Rp and / or multiple standard negative electrode profiles Rn in the storage cell 140. Therefore, the storage capacity of the storage cell 140 does not need to be very high, and the extensive preliminary testing required to ensure multiple standard positive electrode profiles Rp and / or multiple standard negative electrode profiles Rn is unnecessary.

[0147] Figures 9 to 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a process for generating a comparative full-cell curve for comparison with a measured full-cell curve M, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] Reference Figures 9 to 11 The process described for generating comparative full-cell curves is performed in the following order: The first routine sets four points (positive electrode participation start point, positive electrode participation end point, negative electrode participation start point, and negative electrode participation end point) to correspond to the voltage range of interest (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 9 The second routine performs a curve shift (see...). Figure 10 ); and the third routine, which performs capacity scaling (see Figure 11 In other words, the process for generating a comparison full-cell curve according to embodiments of this disclosure includes first to third processes.

[0149] First, refer to Figure 9 The standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn are compared with Figure 7 Same as shown.

[0150] The curve correction unit 120 determines the positive electrode participation start point pi, the positive electrode participation end point pf, the negative electrode participation start point ni, and the negative electrode participation end point nf based on the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn.

[0151] One of the positive electrode participation start point pi and the negative electrode participation start point ni depends on the other.

[0152] As an example, the curve correction unit 120 divides the positive voltage range of the standard positive curve Rp from the start point to the end point (or the second set voltage) into multiple micro-voltage segments, and then sets the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the positive participation start point pi. Each micro-voltage segment can have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01V). Next, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative curve Rn that is smaller than the positive participation start point pi by a first set voltage (e.g., 3V) as the negative participation start point ni.

[0153] As another example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the negative voltage range of the standard negative electrode curve Rn from the start point to the end point into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the negative electrode participation start point ni. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point in the standard positive electrode curve Rp that is larger than the negative electrode participation start point ni by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation start point pi.

[0154] The endpoint pf of the positive electrode and the endpoint nf of the negative electrode depend on the other.

[0155] As an example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the endpoint of the standard positive curve Rp into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative curve Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode participation endpoint pf by the second set voltage (e.g., 4V) as the negative electrode participation endpoint nf.

[0156] As another example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the negative voltage range of the standard negative electrode curve Rn from the start point to the end point into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the negative electrode participation endpoint nf. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point in the standard positive electrode curve Rp that is larger than the negative electrode participation endpoint nf by a second predetermined voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf.

[0157] If the positive electrode participation start point pi, positive electrode participation end point pf, negative electrode participation start point ni, and negative electrode participation end point nf are determined, then the curve correction unit 120 will shift at least one of the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn to the left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0158] refer to Figure 10 The curve correction unit 120 can shift the standard positive electrode curve Rp and / or the standard negative electrode curve Rn to match the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation start point pi and the negative electrode participation start point ni.

[0159] Alternatively, the curve correction unit 120 may shift the standard positive curve Rp and / or the standard negative curve Rn to match the capacity values ​​of the positive participation endpoint pf and the negative participation endpoint nf.

[0160] Figure 10 This illustrates the case where an adjusted standard positive curve Rp' is generated by shifting the standard positive curve Rp to the left only, and as a result, the voltage at the positive participation starting point pi' matches the voltage at the negative participation starting point ni. Adjusting the standard positive curve Rp' is the result of applying an adjustment process to the standard positive curve Rp by shifting the voltage difference between the positive participation starting point pi and the negative participation starting point ni to the left. Therefore, the two points pi and pi' differ only in their capacitance values ​​and have the same voltage. Similarly, the two points pf and pf' differ only in their capacitance values ​​and have the same voltage.

[0161] When the adjustment result curves Rp' and Rn are ensured to be adjusted by shifting at least one of the standard positive curve Rp and the standard negative curve Rn, the curve correction unit 120 scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjustment result curves Rp' and Rn.

[0162] according to Figure 10 In the example shown, curve correction unit 120 performs an additional adjustment process to shrink or expand at least one of the standard positive curve Rp' and the standard negative curve Rn along the horizontal axis.

[0163] refer to Figure 11 The curve correction unit 120 can generate an adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp” by shrinking or expanding the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp’ so that the capacity range between points pi’ and pf’ in the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp’ matches the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M. At this time, either point pi’ or pf’ can be fixed. Therefore, the capacity difference between points pi’ and pf” in the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp” can match the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M.

[0164] Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can generate an adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn' by shrinking or expanding the standard negative electrode curve Rn so that the capacity range between points ni and nf of the standard negative electrode curve Rn matches the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M. In this case, either point ni or nf can be fixed. Therefore, the capacity difference between points ni and nf' of the adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn' can match the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M.

[0165] exist Figure 11 In the process, "adjusting the standard positive curve Rp" is... Figure 10The result of adjusting the standard positive electrode curve Rp' is shown; the result of adjusting the standard negative electrode curve Rn' is... Figure 10 The results of the standard negative electrode curve Rn expansion are shown.

[0166] Adjusting the positive electrode participation endpoint pf” on the standard positive electrode curve Rp” corresponds to adjusting the positive electrode participation endpoint pf on the standard positive electrode curve Rp'. Adjusting the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' corresponds to adjusting the negative electrode participation endpoint nf on the standard negative electrode curve Rn.

[0167] Adjusting the capacity difference between the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the positive electrode participation end point pf" on the standard positive electrode curve Rp” corresponds to the capacity range of the full-cell measurement curve M. Similarly, adjusting the capacity difference between the negative electrode participation start point ni and the negative electrode participation end point nf' on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' corresponds to the capacity range of the full-cell measurement curve M.

[0168] Furthermore, the capacity range of two points pi' and pf' in the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp” is matched with the capacity range of two points ni and nf' in the adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn'. The curve correction unit 120 can generate a comparison full-cell curve S by subtracting the curve between two points ni and nf' in the adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn' from the curve between two points pi' and pf” in the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp”.

[0169] The curve correction unit 120 can calculate the error (curve error) between the comparison full-cell curve S and the measurement full-cell curve M. When the error between the comparison full-cell curve S and the measurement full-cell curve M is minimized, the adjustment standard positive electrode curve Rp” corresponding to the comparison full-cell curve S can be determined as the adjustment positive electrode curve, and the adjustment standard negative electrode curve Rn’ can be determined as the adjustment negative electrode curve.

[0170] The curve correction unit 120 can map at least two of the following parameters to storage unit 140: the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp”, the adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn’, the positive electrode participation start point pi’, the positive electrode participation end point pf”, the negative electrode participation start point ni, the negative electrode participation end point nf’, the first scaling factor, the second scaling factor, the comparison of the full-cell curve S, and the curve error. The first scaling factor can represent the ratio of the capacity difference between two points pi’ and pf” to the capacity difference between two points pi0 and pf0. The second scaling factor can represent the ratio of the capacity difference between two points ni and nf’ to the capacity difference between two points ni0 and nf0.

[0171] Here, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate and adjust the positive electrode change rate (ps) of the standard positive electrode curve Rp” for the standard positive electrode curve Rp. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate and adjust the negative electrode change rate (ns) of the standard negative electrode curve Rn’ for the standard negative electrode curve Rn. For example, the curve correction unit 120 can determine the first scaling factor as the positive electrode change rate (ps) and the second scaling factor as the negative electrode change rate (ns).

[0172] Meanwhile, as mentioned above, when the positive voltage range of the standard positive curve Rp is divided into multiple micro-voltage segments, the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments can be set as the positive participation starting point pi.

[0173] For example, if the positive voltage range of the standard positive electrode curve Rp is divided into 100 smaller voltage ranges, then 100 boundary points can be set as the positive electrode participation starting point pi. Furthermore, if the voltage range in the standard positive electrode curve Rp that is equal to or greater than a second set voltage is divided into 40 smaller voltage ranges, then 40 boundary points can be set as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf. In this case, up to 4000 different comparative full-cell curves can be generated.

[0174] Of course, those skilled in the art will readily understand that as the size of the micro-voltage segment decreases, the maximum number of comparative full-cell curves that can be generated increases; conversely, as the size of the micro-voltage segment increases, the maximum number of comparative full-cell curves that can be generated decreases.

[0175] The curve correction unit 120 can identify the minimum curve error among the multiple comparison full-cell curves generated as described above, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum curve error from the storage unit 140 (e.g., at least one of the following: positive electrode participation start point pi, positive electrode participation end point pf, negative electrode participation start point ni, negative electrode participation end point nf, positive electrode change rate (ps), and negative electrode change rate (ns)).

[0176] Figures 12 to 14 This is a diagram illustrating another example of the process for generating a comparative full-cell curve for comparison with a measured full-cell curve M, according to embodiments of this disclosure. For reference, Figures 12 to 14 The illustrated embodiments and Figures 9 to 11 The illustrated embodiments are irrelevant. Therefore, in the description Figures 9 to 11 The illustrated embodiments and Figures 12 to 14 The terms or symbols used in the embodiments shown should be understood to be limited to each embodiment.

[0177] refer to Figures 12 to 14 Explain the process of generating the comparison full-cell curves. Figures 12 to 14 The process shown is performed in the following order: Execute the fourth routine for capacity scaling (see...) Figure 12 The fifth routine sets four points (positive electrode participation start point, positive electrode participation end point, negative electrode participation start point, and negative electrode participation end point) (see...). Figure 13 ) and the sixth routine for performing curve shifting (see Figure 14 In other words, the process of generating a comparative full-cell curve according to another embodiment of this disclosure includes the fourth to sixth processes.

[0178] See Figure 12 The standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn are compared with Figure 7 The same as shown.

[0179] The curve correction unit 120 generates an adjusted standard positive curve Rp' and an adjusted standard negative curve Rn' by applying a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor selected from the scaling value range to the standard positive curve Rp and the standard negative curve Rn, respectively.

[0180] The scaling range can be predetermined or vary depending on the ratio of the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M to the capacity range of the standard full-cell curve R. As an example, assuming the first and second scaling factors can be selected from a scaling range (e.g., 90% to 99%) in 0.1% increments (i.e., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, ..., 98.9%, 99%), then 91 values ​​can be selected as the first and second scaling factors, respectively. In this case, up to 8,281 adjustment curve pairs can be generated, resulting in 91 × 91 = 8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first and second scaling factors). An adjustment curve pair refers to a combination of adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and adjusting the standard negative electrode curve.

[0181] Figure 12 Examples of adjusting the standard positive electrode curve Rp' and the standard negative electrode curve Rn' are shown as the result of applying a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor of less than 100% to the standard positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn, respectively.

[0182] Since both the first and second scaling factors are less than 100%, adjusting the standard positive electrode curve Rp' is a contraction of the standard positive electrode curve Rp along the horizontal axis, and adjusting the standard negative electrode curve Rn' is also a contraction of the standard negative electrode curve Rn along the horizontal axis. For ease of understanding, this example is illustrated with the starting point of each of the positive electrode curve Rp and the standard negative electrode curve Rn fixed, and the remaining portions shrinking to the left along the horizontal axis.

[0183] refer to Figure 13The curve correction unit 120 determines the adjustment standard positive electrode curve Rp' and the adjustment standard negative electrode curve Rn', the positive electrode participation start point pi', the positive electrode participation end point pf', the negative electrode participation start point ni', and the negative electrode participation end point nf'.

[0184] One of the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the negative electrode participation start point ni' can depend on the other. Furthermore, one of the positive electrode participation endpoint pf' and the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' can depend on the other. Additionally, one of the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the positive electrode participation endpoint pf' can be set based on the other.

[0185] In other words, if any one of the positive electrode participation start point pi', positive electrode participation end point pf', negative electrode participation start point ni', and negative electrode participation end point nf' is set, the other three points can be automatically set by the size of the first set voltage, the second set voltage, and / or by measuring the capacity range of the full battery curve M (e.g., the charging capacity from 0% to 100% SOC).

[0186] As an example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the positive voltage range of the standard positive curve Rp' from the start point to the end point (or the second set voltage) into multiple micro-voltage segments, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the positive participation start point pi'. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative curve Rn that is smaller than the positive participation start point pi' by a first set voltage (e.g., 3V) as the negative participation start point ni'.

[0187] As another example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the negative voltage range of the standard negative electrode curve Rn' from the start to the end into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent voltage segments among the multiple micro-voltage segments as the negative electrode participation start point ni'. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point in the standard positive electrode curve Rp that is larger than the negative electrode participation start point ni' by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation start point pi'.

[0188] As another example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the endpoint of the adjustment standard positive curve Rp' into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two of the multiple micro-voltage segments as the positive participation endpoint pf'. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point in the adjustment standard negative curve Rn' that is smaller than the second set voltage (e.g., 4V) than the positive participation endpoint pf', and set the searched point as the negative participation endpoint nf'.

[0189] As another example, the curve correction unit 120 can divide the negative voltage range of the standard negative electrode curve Rn' from the start to the end into multiple micro-voltage segments of predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage segments as the negative electrode participation endpoint nf'. Next, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point in the standard positive electrode curve Rp' that is larger than the negative electrode participation endpoint nf', and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf'.

[0190] If any one of the positive electrode participation start point pi', positive electrode participation end point pf', negative electrode participation start point ni', and negative electrode participation end point nf' is determined, the curve correction unit 120 can additionally determine the remaining points based on the determined point.

[0191] As an example, if the positive electrode participation start point pi' is determined first, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard positive electrode curve Rp' with a capacity value that is larger than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M by the positive electrode participation start point pi' as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf'. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' that is lower than the positive electrode participation start point pi' and set the searched point as the negative electrode participation start point ni'. Additionally, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' with a capacity value that is larger than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M by the negative electrode participation start point ni' as the negative electrode participation endpoint nf'.

[0192] As another example, if the positive electrode participation endpoint pf' is determined first, the curve correction unit 120 can adjust the capacity value pi' on the standard positive electrode curve Rp' to be smaller than the capacity value of the full-cell curve M by a range smaller than the positive electrode participation endpoint pf'. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' that is lower than the positive electrode participation endpoint pf' and set the searched point as the negative electrode participation endpoint nf'. Additionally, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' that has a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the full-cell curve M by a range smaller than the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' as the negative electrode participation starting point ni'.

[0193] As another example, if the negative electrode participation start point ni' is determined, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' with a capacity value that is larger than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M by the capacity value of the negative electrode participation start point ni'. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point on the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp' that is higher than the negative electrode participation start point ni' by a first set voltage, and set this searched point as the positive electrode participation start point pi'. Additionally, the curve correction unit 120 can set the point on the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp' with a capacity value that is larger than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M by the capacity value of the positive electrode participation start point pi' as the positive electrode participation end point pf'.

[0194] As another example, if the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' is determined, the curve correction unit 120 can set a point on the standard negative electrode curve Rn' with a capacity value that is smaller than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M than the capacity value of the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' as the negative electrode participation starting point ni'. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can search for a point on the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp' that is higher than the negative electrode participation endpoint nf' and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation endpoint pf'. Additionally, the curve correction unit 120 can set a point on the adjusted standard positive electrode curve Rp' with a capacity value that is smaller than the capacity range of the measured full-cell curve M than the capacity value of the positive electrode participation endpoint pf' as the positive electrode participation starting point pi'.

[0195] If the determination of the positive electrode participation start point pi', positive electrode participation end point pf', negative electrode participation start point ni', and negative electrode participation end point nf' is completed based on the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor, then the curve correction unit 120 can shift and adjust at least one of the standard positive electrode curve Rp' and the standard negative electrode curve Rn' along the horizontal axis to match the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the negative electrode participation start point ni', or to match the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation end point pf' and the negative electrode participation end point nf'.

[0196] Figure 14 The adjusted standard negative electrode curve Rn shown is achieved by only adjusting the negative electrode curve Rn. Figure 13 The adjustment standard negative electrode curve Rn' is obtained by shifting it to the right. Therefore, the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the negative electrode participation start point ni” do not match each other. In this respect, since the capacity difference between the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the positive electrode participation end point pf' is the same as the capacity difference between the negative electrode participation start point ni' and the negative electrode participation end point nf', if the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation start point pi' and the negative electrode participation start point ni” match each other, then the capacity values ​​of the positive electrode participation end point pf' and the negative electrode participation end point nf” will also match each other.

[0197] refer to Figure 14 The curve correction unit 120 can generate a comparison full-cell curve U by subtracting the portion of the curve between the two points ni” and nf” of the standard positive electrode curve Rp’ from the portion of the curve between the two points pi’ and pf’ of the standard negative electrode curve Rn”.

[0198] The curve correction unit 120 can calculate the error (curve error) between the comparison full-cell curve U and the measurement full-cell curve M. When the error between the comparison full-cell curve U and the measurement full-cell curve M is minimized, the adjustment standard positive electrode curve Rp' corresponding to the comparison full-cell curve U can be determined as the adjustment positive electrode curve, and the adjustment standard negative electrode curve Rn” corresponding to the comparison full-cell curve U can be determined as the adjustment negative electrode curve.

[0199] The curve correction unit 120 can map at least two of the following to each other: the standard positive electrode curve Rp', the standard negative electrode curve Rn”, the positive electrode participation start point pi', the positive electrode participation end point pf', the negative electrode participation start point ni”, the negative electrode participation end point nf”, the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparison of the full cell curve U, and the curve error, and record them in the storage unit 140.

[0200] Here, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate and adjust the positive electrode change rate ps of the standard positive electrode curve Rp' for the standard positive electrode curve Rp. Furthermore, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate and adjust the negative electrode change rate ns of the standard negative electrode curve Rn'' for the standard negative electrode curve Rn. For example, the curve correction unit 120 can determine the first scaling factor as the positive electrode change rate ps and the second scaling factor as the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0201] As described above, the curve correction unit 120 can generate comparative full-cell curves corresponding to each pair of first and second scaling factors selected from the scaling value range. Since there are multiple pairs of first and second scaling factors, it is obvious that multiple comparative full-cell curves will also be generated. The curve correction unit 120 can identify the minimum curve error among the multiple comparative full-cell curves and then obtain information mapped to the minimum curve error from the storage unit 140.

[0202] The battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to this disclosure can be connected to a display device (not shown) and output information about a battery diagnosed as being in an abnormal state. Thus, information about a battery diagnosed as being in an abnormal state can be displayed on the display device.

[0203] The device 100 for diagnosing batteries according to this disclosure can be connected to an alarm device (not shown) and output information about batteries diagnosed as being in an abnormal state, so as to activate the alarm device.

[0204] The battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to this disclosure can be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, a BMS according to this disclosure may include the aforementioned battery diagnostic apparatus 100. In this configuration, at least some components of the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 can be implemented by supplementing or adding the functionality of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the curve acquisition unit 110, curve correction unit 120, control unit 130, and storage unit 140 of the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 can be implemented as components of a BMS.

[0205] Furthermore, the battery diagnostic device 100 according to this disclosure can be disposed in the battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to this disclosure may include the aforementioned battery diagnostic device 100 and at least one battery cell. In addition, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a housing.

[0206] Figure 15 An exemplary configuration diagram of a battery pack 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0207] The positive terminal of battery 10 can be connected to the positive terminal P+ of battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of battery 10 can be connected to the negative terminal P- of battery pack 1.

[0208] The measuring unit 20 can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 10. Furthermore, the measuring unit 20 can measure the voltage of the battery 10 by measuring the positive and negative terminal potentials and calculating the difference between them.

[0209] Furthermore, the measuring unit 20 can be connected to the current measuring unit A. For example, the current measuring unit A can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor, which can measure the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10. The measuring unit 20 can calculate the amount of charge by measuring the charging current of the battery 10 using the current measuring unit A. Additionally, the measuring unit 20 can calculate the amount of discharge by measuring the discharging current of the battery 10 using the current measuring unit A.

[0210] For example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery 10 measured by the measurement unit 20 can be transmitted to the curve acquisition unit 110. Furthermore, the curve acquisition unit 110 can directly generate a battery curve BP based on the received information about the voltage and capacity.

[0211] As another example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery 10 measured by the measurement unit 20 can be stored in the storage unit 140. When the charging or discharging of the battery 10 is complete, the curve acquisition unit 110 can access the storage unit 140 to obtain the battery curve BP.

[0212] As another example, the measurement unit 20 can directly generate a battery curve BP based on the measured voltage and capacity information of the battery 10. In this case, the generated battery curve BP can be transmitted to the curve acquisition unit 110, or it can be stored in the storage unit 140.

[0213] A charging / discharging device or load can be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- of battery pack 1.

[0214] Figure 16 This diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing a battery cell according to another embodiment of the battery manufacturing system of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 16 It schematically illustrates the process of activating manufactured battery cells over time.

[0215] refer to Figure 16 The aging process takes place from time point t0 to time point t1 in the first step. Here, the aging process refers to the process of placing the battery cells under specific conditions. In the first step, the electrolyte may be impregnated.

[0216] The primary charging process takes place in the second step, from time point t1 to time point t2. In the second step, a film layer (SEI, solid electrolyte interphase) can be formed on the negative electrode.

[0217] In the third step, a high-temperature aging process is carried out from time point t2 to time point t3. For example, in the third step, aging is carried out at a high temperature of 60°C, which can stabilize the film layer formed in the second step.

[0218] In the fourth step, a degassing process is carried out from time point t3 to time point t4. This fourth step removes the gas contained within the battery cells.

[0219] In the fifth step, the battery cells are charged from time point t4 to time point t5. In the sixth step, the battery cells are discharged from time point t5 to time point t6. Here, the fifth and sixth steps can be combined and referred to as the battery cell capacity inspection process. Typically, the sixth step is a step that detects defects in the battery cells while discharging the fully charged cells, and it is a process step in which the battery cells are discharged at a discharge rate C determined taking into account inspection time and inspection accuracy. For example, in the sixth step, the battery cells are discharged at 0.3C, and battery curves BP for capacity and voltage can be acquired during the discharge process. Furthermore, based on the acquired battery curves BP, the presence of defects in the battery cells can be detected.

[0220] In the seventh step, from time point t6 to time point t7, the battery cells are shipped and charged.

[0221] The battery diagnostic apparatus 100 according to embodiments of this disclosure can acquire the battery curve BP generated during the discharge process in the sixth step. Furthermore, by using an overpotential curve OP corresponding to a target C rate set during the discharge process, overpotentials included in the battery curve BP can be removed, thereby obtaining calibration curves CP for multiple battery cells. Moreover, the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 can diagnose the state of multiple battery cells based on the multiple calibration curves CP. In other words, the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 can be used in the battery cell activation process to quickly and accurately diagnose defects in the manufactured battery cells. Specifically, the battery diagnostic apparatus 100 has the advantage of more accurately detecting defective battery cells because it diagnoses the state of the battery cells after removing overpotentials that may be included in the battery curve BP obtained during the capacity check process.

[0222] Figure 17 This is an exemplary vehicle configuration diagram according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0223] refer to Figure 17 According to embodiments of this disclosure, the battery pack 1710 can be included in a vehicle 1700 (such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV)). Furthermore, the battery pack 1710 can power a motor to drive the vehicle 1700 via an inverter included in the vehicle 1700. Here, the battery pack 1710 may include a device 100 for diagnosing the battery. That is, the vehicle 1700 may include a device 100 for diagnosing the battery. In this case, the device 100 for diagnosing the battery may be an on-board diagnostic device included in the vehicle 1700.

[0224] Figure 18 This is a diagram of a method for diagnosing a battery according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0225] The method for diagnosing a battery may include: a curve acquisition step (S100), a calibration curve generation step (S200), a curve adjustment step (S300), a diagnostic factor extraction step (S400), and a state diagnosis step (S500).

[0226] Preferably, each step of the method for diagnosing the battery can be performed by the device 100 for diagnosing the battery. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, content repeated above will be omitted or briefly described.

[0227] The curve acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring each of the multiple battery curves BP that indicate the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of each of the multiple batteries, and this step can be performed by the curve acquisition unit 110.

[0228] For example, the curve acquisition unit 110 can directly receive the battery curve BP from an external source. That is, the curve acquisition unit 110 can receive the battery curve BP by connecting to an external source via wired and / or wireless means, thereby acquiring the battery curve BP.

[0229] As another example, the curve acquisition unit 110 can receive battery information regarding battery voltage (V) and capacity (Q). Furthermore, the curve acquisition unit 110 can generate a battery curve BP based on the received battery information. In other words, the curve acquisition unit 110 can acquire the battery curve BP by directly generating the battery curve BP based on the battery information.

[0230] The calibration curve generation step (S200) is a step of generating multiple calibration curves CP by calibrating multiple battery curves BP based on a preset overpotential curve OP. This step can be performed by the curve calibration unit 120.

[0231] Specifically, the curve correction unit 120 can remove the overpotential curve OP from the battery curve BP. For example, the curve correction unit 120 can calculate the difference between the voltage of the battery curve BP and the overpotential of the overpotential curve OP for batteries of the same capacity. The curve correction unit 120 can generate a correction curve CP by calculating the difference between the voltage of the battery curve BP at the total capacity and the overpotential of the overpotential curve OP.

[0232] The curve adjustment step (S300) is a step of generating an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve corresponding to each battery by adjusting a preset standard positive electrode curve and a preset standard negative electrode curve to correspond to each of the multiple calibration curves CP, and this step can be performed by the curve correction unit 120.

[0233] For example, the curve correction unit 120 can generate multiple comparative full-cell curves by shifting the standard positive and negative electrode curves or scaling their capacity, and specify the comparative full-cell curve with the smallest error to the correction curve CP among the multiple comparative full-cell curves. Furthermore, it can also determine the adjusted positive and adjusted negative electrode curves corresponding to the specified comparative full-cell curves.

[0234] The diagnostic factor extraction step (S400) is a step of extracting diagnostic factors for the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjusted positive electrode curve, and can be executed by the control unit 130.

[0235] The status diagnosis step (S500) is a step of diagnosing multiple battery states based on multiple extracted diagnostic factors, and can be executed by the control unit 130.

[0236] For example, control unit 130 can be configured to consider the distribution of multiple diagnostic factors, select diagnostic factors outside the threshold range TH among the multiple diagnostic factors, and diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as an abnormal state. Conversely, control unit 130 can be configured to select diagnostic factors included in the threshold range TH among the multiple diagnostic factors, and diagnose the battery state corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as a normal state.

[0237] The embodiments of this disclosure described above can be implemented not only by apparatus and methods, but also by a program that implements functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of this disclosure, or a recording medium that records the program. Those skilled in the art can easily implement the program or recording medium based on the description of the above embodiments.

[0238] This disclosure has been described in detail. However, it should be understood that while these detailed descriptions and specific examples indicate preferred embodiments of this disclosure, they are given by way of example only, as various variations and modifications within the scope of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on these detailed descriptions.

[0239] Furthermore, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and alterations to the present disclosure without departing from its technical aspects. The present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings, and various embodiments can be selectively combined in whole or in part to allow for various modifications.

[0240] (Explanation of reference numerals in the attached image)

[0241] 1: Battery pack

[0242] 10: Battery

[0243] 20: Measurement Unit

[0244] 100: Devices for diagnosing batteries

[0245] 110: Curve Acquisition Unit

[0246] 120: Curve Correction Unit

[0247] 130: Control Unit

[0248] 140: Storage unit

[0249] 1700: Vehicles

[0250] 1710: Battery Pack

Claims

1. A device for diagnosing a battery, comprising: A curve acquisition unit is configured to acquire each of a plurality of battery curves representing the relationship between voltage and capacity of each of a plurality of batteries. A curve correction unit is configured to generate multiple correction curves by correcting the multiple battery curves based on a preset overpotential curve, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode curve and an adjusted negative electrode curve corresponding to each battery by adjusting a preset standard positive electrode curve and a standard negative electrode curve to correspond to each of the multiple correction curves. as well as A control unit is configured to extract diagnostic factors related to the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjusted positive electrode curve, and to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries based on the extracted diagnostic factors.

2. The device for diagnosing batteries according to claim 1, in, The overpotential curve is a curve representing the voltage difference for each capacity between the battery curve of a standard battery at a target C rate set for the plurality of batteries and the battery curve of a standard battery at a standard C rate.

3. The device for diagnosing batteries according to claim 2, in, The curve correction unit is configured to generate the plurality of correction curves by calculating the voltage difference for each capacity between each of the plurality of battery curves and the overpotential curve.

4. The device for diagnosing batteries according to claim 2, in, The overpotential curves are configured to be pre-stored for each of the multiple C-rates; and The curve correction unit is configured to select an overpotential curve corresponding to the target C rate from a plurality of pre-stored overpotential curves, and generate the plurality of correction curves using the selected overpotential curve.

5. The device for diagnosing batteries according to claim 1, in, The control unit is configured to select a diagnostic factor that is outside the threshold range from the plurality of diagnostic factors by considering the distribution of the plurality of diagnostic factors, and diagnose the state of the battery corresponding to the selected diagnostic factor as an abnormal state.

6. The apparatus for diagnosing batteries according to claim 1, in, The curve correction unit is configured to generate a comparative full-cell curve based on the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve, and to generate the adjusted positive electrode curve and the adjusted negative electrode curve by adjusting the standard positive electrode curve and the standard negative electrode curve until the generated comparative full-cell curve corresponds to the correction curve.

7. A battery pack comprising means for diagnosing the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A battery manufacturing system comprising a device for diagnosing a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A vehicle comprising a device for diagnosing a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A method for diagnosing a battery, comprising: The curve acquisition step is used to acquire each of the multiple battery curves representing the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of each of the multiple batteries. The calibration curve generation step is used to generate multiple calibration curves by correcting the multiple battery curves based on a preset overpotential curve. The curve adjustment step is used to generate an adjusted positive and adjusted negative curve corresponding to each battery by adjusting the preset standard positive and standard negative curves to correspond to each of the multiple calibration curves. A diagnostic factor extraction step is used to extract diagnostic factors related to the positive terminal potential of each battery from the adjusted positive electrode curve. as well as A state diagnosis step is used to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries based on multiple extracted diagnostic factors.

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