Emulsion lubricant as well as preparation method and application thereof
The emulsion lubricant, which combines triethanolamine borate and sulfurized isobutylene, solves the problem of pulmonary toxicity risk of emulsion lubricants under high-pressure conditions, achieving high-efficiency lubrication and low pulmonary toxicity, and is suitable for metal processing, oilfield extraction and machinery lubrication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511679585.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing emulsion lubricants are prone to forming aerosols under conditions such as high-speed cutting and high-pressure jetting, leading to a lack of attention to the risk of lung toxicity and impacting occupational health.
Triethanolamine borate ester was used as a surfactant, and isobutylene sulfide was used as an oil phase. Combined with the aqueous phase, a stable emulsion lubricant was formed. The volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase was controlled at 10:1 to 1:1, and the emulsion was formed by stirring.
Emulsion lubricants exhibit excellent lubrication and anti-wear properties, good biocompatibility, and the aerosols formed by atomization are almost non-toxic to the lungs. They also have good stability and are suitable for metal processing, oilfield extraction, and machinery lubrication.
Smart Images
Figure CN121471968A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of emulsion lubricant, in particular to an emulsion lubricant, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Lubricant is a kind of substance that can reduce the frictional resistance between two relatively moving surfaces, reduce wear and play the role of cooling, cleaning, rust prevention and the like, which is widely used in industrial production, mechanical equipment, transportation, medical devices and daily life and many other fields. According to its physical form, lubricant can be mainly divided into gas lubricant, liquid lubricant, semi-solid lubricant and solid lubricant. Among them, liquid lubricant occupies a dominant position due to its excellent lubricating performance and cooling effect. However, the liquid lubricant of the prior art, especially when applied to a scene that may generate aerosol, has significant limitations and potential risks.
[0003] Currently, the environmental and safety properties of lubricants have become core indicators related to the health of the ecosystem and the occupational safety of operating personnel. Although traditional mineral oil-based lubricants and their additive systems have excellent lubricating properties, the oil mist generated during processing can cause so-called "oil mist lung", respiratory inflammation and even increase the risk of cancer if inhaled by workers. Emulsion lubricants are widely used due to their environmental friendliness and good cooling performance, which to some extent reduces the generation of oil mist. However, the existing research and development of emulsion lubricants focuses on the optimization of extreme pressure and wear resistance, stability, and biodegradability, but generally ignores a key occupational health risk - lung toxicity. In actual application, emulsion lubricants are prone to form aerosols under high-speed cutting, high-pressure spraying and other working conditions, which can enter the human lung through the respiratory tract, and long-term exposure may cause pneumoconiosis, allergic pneumonia and other lung diseases. In the currently disclosed related patents, even if "environmental friendliness" and "low toxicity" are mentioned, they are mostly limited to skin irritation and biodegradability tests, without special research and optimization on lung toxicity of emulsion aerosols. For example: a related technology discloses an extreme pressure type aluminum plate and aluminum strip hot rolling emulsion and a preparation method thereof, which meets the requirements of wear reduction and wear resistance, and also has biodegradability and good stability; a related technology discloses a water-based emulsion lubricant for medical devices and a preparation method thereof, which is compounded by emulsifiers, vegetable oils, co-emulsifiers, defoamers, chelating agents and preservatives, and has excellent lubricating and anti-rust properties, simple production process and non-toxic and biodegradable raw materials; another related technology discloses a water-based lubricant, a preparation method and use thereof, which comprises liquid crystal emulsifier, co-emulsifier, base oil and water, and has good skin affinity and does not irritate the skin, and can be used as a biological lubricant and a high-end equipment manufacturing and processing lubricant. However, the above-mentioned products show environmental friendly performance, but whether the aerosol inhaled by the human body will produce lung toxicity has not been concerned. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to develop an emulsion lubricant with both lubricating and low lung toxicity, which is of great significance to the development of green lubrication technology. SUMMARY
[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide an emulsion lubricant, a preparation method and application thereof. The emulsion lubricant provided by the present application not only shows excellent lubricating performance, but also the aerosol formed by atomization shows extremely low lung toxicity.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides an emulsion lubricant, the preparation raw materials of which include an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the aqueous phase includes triethanolamine borate and water, and the oil phase is sulfurized isobutylene; the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is 10-40%, and the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase is 10:1-1:1.
[0006] Preferably, the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is 15%.
[0007] The present application provides a preparation method of the emulsion lubricant as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: Mixing triethanolamine borate and water to obtain an aqueous phase; Mixing the aqueous phase with sulfurized isobutylene to emulsify, to obtain the emulsion lubricant.
[0008] Preferably, the emulsification is carried out under stirring, and the stirring speed is 1500-5000 rpm.
[0009] Preferably, the emulsification temperature is 20-25℃.
[0010] Preferably, the emulsification time is 30-60 min.
[0011] The present application provides an application of the emulsion lubricant as described in the above technical solution or the emulsion lubricant prepared by the preparation method as described in the above technical solution in the field of metal processing, oil field exploitation or mechanical lubrication.
[0012] The present application provides an emulsion lubricant, the preparation raw materials of which include an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the aqueous phase includes triethanolamine borate and water, and the oil phase is sulfurized isobutylene; the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is 10-40%, and the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase is 10:1-1:1. The present application uses sulfurized isobutylene as the oil phase, triethanolamine borate as the surfactant, and water as the continuous phase, and can form a stable emulsion lubricant by controlling the proportion of each component. Compared with the prior art, the emulsion lubricant provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects: the emulsion lubricant provided by the present application has good stability, not only shows excellent lubricating performance, friction-reducing and anti-wear performance and biocompatibility, but also has extremely low lung toxicity to natural lung surfactant formed by atomization of the aerosol, and the specific effects are as follows: The emulsion lubricant of the present application has good lubricating performance, and the lowest friction coefficient tested by a multifunctional friction and wear tester can reach 0.08, and the reciprocating friction can be recycled more than 200000 times, the friction-reducing performance is comparable to that of pure base oil, and the wear surface is only accompanied by slight and continuous wear marks, showing excellent anti-wear performance; The emulsion lubricant of the present application has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear performance, and the maximum non-sticking load (PB) and sintering load (PD) are 1256N and 3599N respectively; The emulsion lubricant has biocompatibility and belongs to a green and environment-friendly lubricant; the emulsion diluted into diluents with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 500 mu g / mL is mixed with complete medium to culture human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) for 24 hours, and the emulsion with different concentrations has little influence on the survival rates of the two kinds of cells, and the cell survival rates are all above 90%; The emulsion lubricant has low lung toxicity; the lung toxicity of the emulsion is determined by using a confined droplet surface analyzer, the emulsion is atomized by an atomizer, sprayed into a confined space simulating a human lung environment, and the profile of the lung surfactant droplets in the space is collected to monitor the surface tension of the droplets in the expansion-contraction process (simulating lung respiration), and the lung surfactant exposed to the atomized emulsion lubricant can still achieve low surface tension for normal lung respiration. The emulsion lubricant has good stability, and no obvious demulsification occurs after being placed at room temperature for more than 90 days.
[0013] The preparation method of the emulsion lubricant provided in the above technical scheme is simple in composition, and fast and convenient in preparation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Figure 1 The emulsion of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Examples 1-5 with different concentrations is compared in the emulsification condition photos on the 1st day, the 7th day, the 30th day and the 90th day; Figure 2 The optical microscope photos of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Examples 1-5 with different concentrations on the 7th day, the 30th day and the 90th day are shown in the following table; Figure 3 The tribological properties of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Examples 1-8 and 15wt% triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, sulfided isobutylene and water are compared, Figure 3 Figs. (a)-(d) are the curve graphs of the friction coefficient of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Examples 1-8 changing with time / cycle coefficient, and Fig. (e) is the steel block wear scar graph after the emulsion lubricant prepared for Example 2 is rubbed with water, 15wt% triethanolamine borate aqueous solution and sulfided isobutylene; Figure 4 The influence of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Example 2 and prepared into lubricant diluents with different concentrations on human bronchial epithelial cells (a) and human lung cancer cells (b) is shown in the following table; Figure 5 The surface tension monitoring result graphs of the lung surfactant droplets exposed to water, triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene, the aerosol of the emulsion lubricant prepared for Example 2 and the lung surfactant not exposed to any aerosol in the expansion-contraction process are shown in the following table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The present application provides an emulsion lubricant, raw materials for preparation including an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the aqueous phase including triethanolamine borate and water, and the oil phase being sulfurized isobutylene; the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase being 10-40%, and the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase being 10:1-1:1.
[0016] In the present application, the raw materials involved are all commercially available products well known in the art, unless otherwise specified.
[0017] In the present application, the triethanolamine borate is a surfactant, the water is a continuous phase, and the sulfurized isobutylene is an oil phase. In the present application, the water is preferably deionized water. In the embodiments of the present application, the sulfurized isobutylene is of type T321.
[0018] In the present application, the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase can be 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% or 40%, and is preferably 15%. In the present application, the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase has an important influence on the formation and stability of the emulsion, and the emulsion will be difficult to form or stable when the mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is lower than 10%.
[0019] In the present application, the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase can be 10:1, 5:1, 2:1 or 1:1, and is preferably 1:1. In the present application, the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase (i.e. the oil-water ratio) has an important influence on the formation and stability of the emulsion, and the emulsion cannot be formed and stable when the oil-water ratio is too high or too low.
[0020] The emulsion lubricant provided by the present application can exist stably for a long time, and exhibits excellent lubricating performance, anti-wear and anti-friction performance and biocompatibility, and in particular, the aerosol thereof hardly produces toxicity to the lungs.
[0021] The present application provides a preparation method of the emulsion lubricant as described in the above technical solutions, including the following steps: mixing triethanolamine borate and water to obtain an aqueous phase; mixing the aqueous phase with sulfurized isobutylene to emulsify and obtain the emulsion lubricant.
[0022] In the present application, the triethanolamine borate is preferably added into water to dissolve and obtain the aqueous phase; and the aqueous phase is a triethanolamine borate aqueous solution.
[0023] The sulfided isobutylene can be added into the water phase for emulsification, or the water phase can be added into the sulfided isobutylene for emulsification. In the present application, the emulsification is preferably carried out under stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 1500-5000 rpm, and can be 1500-2000 rpm. The stirring speed has an influence on the formation of the emulsion, and a too low stirring speed, for example, less than 1500 rpm, is not conducive to the formation of the emulsion. In the present application, the emulsification temperature is preferably 20-25℃, and in the examples of the present application, the emulsification is carried out at room temperature of 20-25℃. The emulsification time (i.e. the stirring time) is preferably 30-60 min, and can be 30-40 min. The emulsification time has an influence on the formation of the emulsion, and a too short emulsification time, for example, less than 30 min, is not conducive to the formation of the emulsion.
[0024] The emulsion lubricant of the present application can be obtained by simple stirring, and has simple components and fast and convenient preparation.
[0025] The present application provides the application of the emulsion lubricant prepared by the above technical scheme or the preparation method in the field of metal processing, oil field exploitation or mechanical lubrication. The emulsion lubricant provided by the present application is a green lubricant with excellent performance, and has great potential in the fields of metal processing, oil field exploitation and mechanical lubrication. Specifically, the emulsion lubricant can be used as a metal processing fluid for metal cutting, forming and other metal processing processes, as a drilling fluid for oil field drilling and exploitation operations, and as a lubricant for lubrication and maintenance of mechanical equipment.
[0026] In order to further illustrate the present application, the emulsion lubricant, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the present application are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.
[0027] In the following examples, a multifunctional friction and wear tester (UMT-TRIBOLAB, Brucker) was used to characterize the tribological properties of the prepared emulsion, and a ball-disc point contact reciprocating mode was used. The friction pair was selected as a steel block and a steel ball with a diameter of 10 mm. The load used was 20 N, and the experimental frequency was 20 Hz. Before the experiment, the friction pair was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and deionized water for 10 min.
[0028] A four-ball tester (lever type) was used to characterize the extreme pressure performance of the prepared emulsion, and the test followed the national standard GB / T 3142-2019 "Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Four-Ball Method".
[0029] Cytotoxicity analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells and human lung cancer cells was performed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Different concentrations of emulsion were added to the wells, with untreated cells serving as a control. CCK-8 diluted 10-fold with PBS (0.10 mL / well) was added to each well, and the cells were incubated at 37°C for 2 hours. The relative cell viability was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm using a microplate reader.
[0030] Surface tension of pulmonary surfactant exposed to aerosols formed from the prepared emulsion lubricant was monitored using a confined droplet surface analyzer (10 expansion-compression cycles), with pulmonary surfactant not exposed to the emulsion aerosol serving as a control. Pulmonary toxicity was evaluated by the lowest surface tension reached during compression.
[0031] All raw materials used in the examples are conventional raw materials and commercially available products.
[0032] In the examples, the triethanolamine borate aqueous solution was obtained by dissolving triethanolamine borate in deionized water, and the isobutylene sulfide was of type T321.
[0033] Example 1 An emulsion lubricant composed of triethanolamine borate, sulfurized isobutylene, and water is prepared by the following steps: Isobutylene sulfide was added to a 10% (w / w) aqueous solution of triethanolamine borate to ensure that the final oil / water volume ratio (i.e., the volume ratio of isobutylene sulfide to the aqueous solution of triethanolamine borate) was 1 / 1. The mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 min to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, which was denoted as a 10 wt% emulsion (1:1).
[0034] Example 2 An emulsion lubricant composed of triethanolamine borate, sulfurized isobutylene, and water is prepared by the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene was added to a 15% (w / w) aqueous solution of triethanolamine borate to ensure that the oil / water volume ratio in the final system was 1 / 1. The mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 min to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, denoted as a 15 wt% emulsion (1:1).
[0035] Example 3 An emulsion lubricant composed of triethanolamine borate, sulfurized isobutylene, and water is prepared by the following steps: Sulfated isobutylene was added to a 20% (w / w) aqueous solution of triethanolamine borate, ensuring that the oil / water volume ratio in the final system was 1 / 1. The mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 min to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, denoted as a 20 wt% emulsion (1:1).
[0036] Example 4 An emulsion lubricant consisting of triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene and water, the preparation steps are as follows: Sulfided isobutylene is added to a 30% mass fraction triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, ensuring that the volume ratio of oil / water in the final system is 1 / 1, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 min, to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, recorded as 30wt% emulsion (1:1).
[0037] Example 5 An emulsion lubricant consisting of triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene and water, the preparation steps are as follows: Sulfided isobutylene is added to a 40% mass fraction triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, ensuring that the volume ratio of oil / water in the final system is 1 / 1, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 min, to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, recorded as 40wt% emulsion (1:1).
[0038] Example 6 An emulsion lubricant consisting of triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene and water, the preparation steps are as follows: Sulfided isobutylene is added to a 15% mass fraction triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, ensuring that the volume ratio of oil / water in the final system is 10 / 1, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 min, to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, recorded as 15wt% emulsion (10:1).
[0039] Example 7 An emulsion lubricant consisting of triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene and water, the preparation steps are as follows: Sulfided isobutylene is added to a 15% mass fraction triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, ensuring that the volume ratio of oil / water in the final system is 5 / 1, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 min, to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, recorded as 15wt% emulsion (5:1).
[0040] Example 8 An emulsion lubricant consisting of triethanolamine borate, sulfided isobutylene and water, the preparation steps are as follows: Sulfided isobutylene is added to a 15% mass fraction triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, ensuring that the volume ratio of oil / water in the final system is 2 / 1, stirring at 1500 rpm for 30 min, to obtain a stable emulsion lubricant, recorded as 15wt% emulsion (2:1).
[0041] Comparative Example 1 Sulfated isobutylene was added to aqueous solutions of triethanolamine borate with mass fractions of 5% and 8%, respectively, ensuring that the oil / water volume ratio in the final system was 1 / 1. The mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 min. The resulting emulsion was unstable and broke down quickly, indicating that the surfactant concentration was too low and was not conducive to the formation of a stable emulsion.
[0042] Comparative Example 2 Sulfated isobutylene was added to a 15% (w / w) aqueous solution of triethanolamine borate, ensuring that the final oil / water volume ratio was 1 / 5 and 1 / 10. The mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes, but no emulsion was formed. This indicates that excessive aqueous phase volume is detrimental to emulsion formation.
[0043] Experimental Example 1 The stability of the emulsion lubricants prepared in Examples 1-5 was characterized, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the examples, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 30wt%, and 40wt% correspond to the emulsion lubricants prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Figure 1 The emulsion properties of different concentrations of emulsion lubricants prepared in Examples 1-5 were observed on days 1, 7, 30, and 90. Figure 2 Optical microscope images of the different concentrations of emulsion lubricants prepared in Examples 1-5 on the 7th, 30th and 90th days show that no demulsification occurred after 90 days and the emulsion droplets did not change significantly, indicating the excellent stability of the emulsion.
[0044] Experimental Example 2 The tribological properties of the emulsion lubricants prepared in Examples 1-8 were compared with those of a 15 wt% triethanolamine borate aqueous solution, isobutylene sulfide, and water. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 (a) to (d) are curves showing the change of friction coefficient with time / cycle coefficient of the emulsion lubricant prepared in Examples 1 to 8, and (e) is a graph of the wear marks on a steel block after the emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2 was rubbed with water, 15wt% triethanolamine borate aqueous solution and sulfurized isobutylene. Figure 3 The results show that the coefficient of friction of the emulsion lubricant of the present invention is close to that of sulfurized isobutylene, both around 0.08, and it can withstand more than 200,000 cycles of reciprocating friction, with only slight and continuous wear marks on the worn surface. This indicates that the emulsion lubricant of the present invention has excellent lubrication performance.
[0045] Experimental Example 3 The emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2 was subjected to extreme pressure performance test on a four-ball extreme pressure tester, and the maximum non-seizure load (PB) and sintering load (PD) thereof were 1256 N and 3599 N, respectively.
[0046] Test Example 4 The emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2 was diluted into different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 500 μg / mL) by using PBS solution, and the toxicity thereof to human bronchial epithelial cells and human lung cancer cells was tested, and the results are shown in Figure 4 Figure 4 Effects of the emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2 on human bronchial epithelial cells (a) and human lung cancer cells (b) in different concentrations are shown in the following table. The results show that the emulsion lubricant of the present application has little toxicity to human bronchial epithelial cells and human lung cancer cells, and the cell survival rate is more than 90%, which indicates that the emulsion lubricant of the present application has good biocompatibility in the lung.
[0047] Test Example 5 The surface tension of lung surfactant droplets exposed to aerosol of the emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2 in the process of expansion-compression (simulating the process of lung respiration) was monitored, and compared with lung surfactant droplets exposed to aerosol of water, triethanolamine borate and sulfided isobutylene, and lung surfactant droplets not exposed to any aerosol, as shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 In the table, “PS” corresponds to the experimental group not exposed to any aerosol, and “emulsion” corresponds to the experimental group exposed to aerosol of the emulsion lubricant prepared in Example 2. The results show that the surface tension of lung surfactant droplets exposed to aerosol of the emulsion lubricant of Example 2 in 10 cycles of expansion-compression reaches 5 mN·m -1 below, and the minimum surface tension can reach 1 mN·m -1 , which indicates that the emulsion of the present application has very low lung toxicity.
[0048] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An emulsion lubricant, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparation include an oil phase and an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase includes triethanolamine borate and water, and the oil phase is sulfide isobutylene. The mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is 10-40%, and the volume ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase is 10:1 to 1:
1.
2. The emulsion lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass fraction of triethanolamine borate in the aqueous phase is 15%.
3. The method for preparing the emulsion lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Triethanolamine borate ester and water were mixed to obtain an aqueous phase; The aqueous phase is mixed with isobutylene sulfide and emulsified to obtain the emulsion lubricant.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The emulsification is carried out under stirring conditions, and the stirring speed is 1500~5000 rpm.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The emulsification temperature is 20~25℃.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The emulsification time is 30-60 minutes.
7. The application of the emulsion lubricant according to claim 1 or 2 or the emulsion lubricant prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 6 in the fields of metal processing, oil field extraction or mechanical lubrication.