A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device and storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device, and storage medium, comprising: determining multiple carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected and establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration; performing thermodynamic simulations by varying system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters; plotting the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from the thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the abscissa and the system pressure ratio as the ordinate, dividing the coordinate plane into different temperature ranges according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, marking the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations in different temperature ranges, and obtaining a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; and reading the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Carnot batteries and relates to a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to existing long-term energy storage technologies, Carnot batteries offer numerous advantages, including low cost, no geographical limitations, and high waste heat utilization, making them suitable for various applications such as renewable energy power consumption, distributed energy system operation and maintenance, and data center waste heat utilization. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide, due to its non-toxicity, non-flammability, easy availability, and excellent physical properties (such as a critical temperature close to ambient temperature, easy attainment of a supercritical state, and high specific heat capacity near the critical point), has gradually become a promising working fluid for Carnot battery cycles.

[0003] Despite the promising prospects of carbon dioxide Carnot batteries, they still face a series of challenges in practical applications, particularly in the selection and design phases of system configuration:

[0004] First, Carnot carbon dioxide batteries offer a wide variety of system configurations, such as transcritical cycling, supercritical cycling, and various derivative configurations, enabling them to cover a broad range of thermal storage temperatures. However, current technologies lack an efficient method for quickly screening high-performance configurations for specific thermal storage temperature requirements.

[0005] Secondly, existing technologies lack a universally applicable method for configuration selection, making the selection process cumbersome and inefficient. For a wide range of different thermal storage temperature requirements, it is necessary to repeatedly carry out a complete design and calculation process of "modeling and simulating one by one" for multiple candidate configurations, resulting in a large workload, long time consumption, and extremely high requirements for the professional background of designers.

[0006] Furthermore, constructing efficient configuration selection tools still faces the challenge of selecting key parameters. While theoretical calculations and visualization of the results into configuration selection maps are an ideal approach to solving these problems, the large number of system parameters leads to high coordinate dimensionality, making effective filtering difficult. The key bottleneck in constructing configuration selection maps lies in selecting key parameters that effectively reveal the trend of configuration performance changes and are convenient for engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, system, device and storage medium that can quickly determine the applicable system configuration and corresponding pressure ratio and system efficiency from the spectrum, significantly reducing the design threshold and time cost of carbon dioxide Carnot batteries.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0009] A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method includes the following process:

[0010] Several alternative carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations were identified, and a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration was established.

[0011] Determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model;

[0012] Thermodynamic simulations were performed by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters.

[0013] Using the system's high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature as the abscissa and the system pressure ratio as the ordinate, the system's electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation are plotted into a graph. Based on the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature, the coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges. Recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations are marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

[0014] The temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank are located on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map; based on the location results, recommended high-efficiency system configuration categories, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio are read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map.

[0015] Optionally, the process of establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model for the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration is as follows:

[0016] A modular approach is used to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model, including a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module, and a thermal and cold storage module.

[0017] In the turbomachinery module, the outlet conditions of each turbomachinery are determined by the inlet conditions, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio.

[0018] In the heat exchange module, a one-dimensional model is used to discretize each heat exchange device along the flow direction with equal heat. Based on the energy conservation equation, the minimum temperature difference at each heat exchange device grid node is controlled to be the set pinch temperature difference. The heat exchange power and the outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working fluids are output using the inlet conditions and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working fluid.

[0019] In the thermal and cold storage module, the temperature of each storage tank is determined by the inlet and outlet operating conditions of the thermal and cold storage working fluids in the heat exchange module.

[0020] Optional equipment performance parameters include compressor isentropic efficiency, expander isentropic efficiency, working fluid pump isentropic efficiency, equipment mechanical efficiency, equipment motor efficiency, and heat exchanger pinch point temperature difference; system design parameters include ambient temperature, ambient pressure, energy storage time, energy release time, carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat pump subsystem, and carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat engine subsystem; system operating parameters include high-temperature cold storage tank temperature, low-temperature heat storage tank temperature, system minimum pressure, and system pressure ratio.

[0021] Optionally, the process of obtaining the system electro-electric efficiency of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters is as follows:

[0022] The net power consumption of the heat pump subsystem during the energy storage process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations.

[0023] The net work done by the heat engine subsystem during the energy release process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations.

[0024] The system's electrical efficiency is calculated based on the ratio of net work done to net work consumed.

[0025] Optionally, the process of plotting the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a spectrum is as follows:

[0026] Plot isoefficiency lines in the coordinate plane to show the electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery system under different combinations of high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio.

[0027] At least three temperature ranges are defined: low temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not greater than 200℃; medium temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is between 200 and 400℃; and high temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not less than 400℃.

[0028] Optionally, after determining the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map, the recommended operating temperature range of the thermal storage material can be read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map based on the determination results.

[0029] Optional, defined, and selectable CO2 Carnot cell configurations include transcritical CO2 Carnot cell system configurations based on the Rankine cycle and supercritical CO2 Carnot cell system configurations based on the Brayton cycle.

[0030] A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system, comprising:

[0031] The model building module is used to determine various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected and to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration.

[0032] The parameter determination module is used to determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model.

[0033] The electro-electric efficiency acquisition module is used to perform thermodynamic simulations by varying system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters.

[0034] The graph preparation module is used to plot the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal axis and the system pressure ratio as the vertical axis. The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, and the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

[0035] The graph reading module is used to locate the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; based on the location results, it reads the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

[0036] A computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method.

[0037] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] This invention identifies the most critical parameters affecting the performance of carbon dioxide Carnot batteries (system high-temperature storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio) through theoretical calculations and thermodynamic analysis, and constructs a visualized configuration selection map based on these parameters. This map intuitively displays the electro-electric efficiency and optimal pressure ratio ranges for different system configurations across a wide range of high-temperature storage temperatures. This method transforms the originally complex configuration selection and design process, which required individual modeling and simulation, into a simple map lookup process. Designers only need to locate the recommended high-efficiency system configuration, the corresponding optimal pressure ratio, and the expected system electro-electric efficiency on the map based on specific storage temperature requirements. Therefore, this solution fundamentally simplifies the design process, significantly reduces the professional background requirements for designers, greatly shortens the design cycle and costs, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of carbon dioxide Carnot battery system design. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Rankine cycle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Brayton cycle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the selection of carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration at a typical high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] The components are as follows: 000, External Environment; 100, Heat Pump Subsystem; 200, Energy Storage Subsystem; 300, Heat Engine Subsystem; 101, Heat Pump Subsystem Generator; 102, Heat Pump Subsystem Electric Motor; 111, Heat Pump Subsystem Compressor; 112, Heat Pump Subsystem Expander; 113, Heat Pump Subsystem Throttling Valve; 121, Heat Pump Subsystem Cooler; 122, Heat Pump Subsystem Regenerator; 123, Heat Pump Subsystem Heater; 124, Heat Pump Subsystem Evaporator. ; 201, High-temperature thermal storage tank; 202, Low-temperature thermal storage tank; 203, High-temperature cold storage tank; 204, Low-temperature cold storage tank; 301, Generator of thermal engine subsystem; 302, Electric motor of thermal engine subsystem; 311, Compressor of thermal engine subsystem; 312, Expander of thermal engine subsystem; 313, Working fluid pump of thermal engine subsystem; 321, Cooler of thermal engine subsystem; 322, Regenerator of thermal engine subsystem; 323, Heater of thermal engine subsystem; 324, Condenser of thermal engine subsystem. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0048] like Figure 1 The image shows a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method based on thermodynamic parameter spectra, as described in this invention. The core of this method lies in identifying the most crucial parameter (i.e., the temperature of the system's high-temperature heat storage tank) from numerous system parameters through theoretical calculation and analysis. T H,H Compared to system pressure β Using these key parameters as coordinates, a graph is constructed that can intuitively and accurately reflect the electro-electric efficiency of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery system. η R The configuration selection map simplifies the complex design process into a tool that can be quickly consulted.

[0049] The spectrum is obtained through the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Determine multiple carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations to be selected and establish their steady-state thermodynamic models.

[0051] The aforementioned carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration refers to a system configuration consisting of three subsystems: heat pump, energy storage, and heat engine. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery systems based on the Rankine cycle and supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery systems based on the Brayton cycle.

[0052] The steady-state thermodynamic model is established using a modular approach, specifically including a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module, and a thermal and cold storage module. Each module adheres to the laws of conservation of mass and energy. Accordingly, the heat pump and heat engine subsystem includes the turbomachinery module and the heat exchange module, and the energy storage subsystem includes the heat exchange module and the thermal and cold storage module.

[0053] The impeller module includes a pump, a compressor, and an expander. Each impeller module determines its outlet condition using its inlet operating condition, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio.

[0054] The heat exchange module includes a heater, a cooler, a regenerator, an evaporator, and a condenser. Each heat exchange device is discretized along the flow direction using a one-dimensional model. Based on the energy conservation equation, the minimum temperature difference at the grid nodes of each heat exchange device is controlled to be the set "pinch temperature difference". The heat exchange power and the outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working fluids are output using the inlet conditions and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working fluid.

[0055] The thermal and cold storage module includes a high-temperature thermal storage tank, a low-temperature thermal storage tank, a high-temperature cold storage tank, and a low-temperature cold storage tank. The temperature of each tank is determined by the inlet and outlet conditions of the thermal and cold storage working fluids in the heat exchange module, and heat leakage loss of the tanks is ignored.

[0056] Step 2: Determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters.

[0057] The equipment performance parameters include the compressor's isentropic efficiency. η C Isentropic efficiency of expander η T Isoentropy efficiency of working fluid pump η P Equipment mechanical efficiency η m Equipment motor efficiency η e and the temperature difference Δ at the heat exchanger pinch point T HE .

[0058] The system design parameters include ambient temperature. T 0. Environmental pressure p 0. Energy storage time τ ch Release time τ dch Carbon dioxide mass flow rate of heat pump subsystem m CO2,ch And the carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat engine subsystem m CO2,dch .

[0059] The system operating parameters include the temperature of the high-temperature cold storage tank. T H,C Low-temperature thermal storage tank temperature T C,H System minimum pressure p min Compared to system pressure β .

[0060] Step 3: Perform thermodynamic simulations by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. η R ;

[0061] Step 4: Using the system's high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H The horizontal axis represents the system pressure ratio. β Using the vertical axis as the ordinate, plot the results of step 3 into a graph, and base the plot on the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank. T H,H The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges, thus visually displaying the temperatures of different high-temperature thermal storage tanks. T H,H The following recommended carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations are used for rapid selection of carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations over a wide temperature range in the spectrum.

[0062] The graph displays the temperatures of different high-temperature thermal storage tanks by plotting isoefficiency lines on the coordinate plane. T H,H Compared with system pressure β Electro-electric efficiency of the combined Carnot carbon dioxide battery system η R .

[0063] The wide temperature range is at least 150~500℃, and at least three temperature range intervals are defined:

[0064] 1. Low temperature domain: T H,H No higher than 200℃;

[0065] 2. Medium temperature range: T H,H Between 200 and 400℃;

[0066] 3. High temperature domain: T H,H Not less than 400℃.

[0067] Based on this, and for a specific practical scenario, the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is clearly defined. T H,H Subsequently, based on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map, recommended high-efficiency system configuration categories, system efficiency, system pressure ratio, and recommended operating temperature range for thermal storage materials can be obtained.

[0068] Example 1: Construction of Configuration Selection Map

[0069] This embodiment details how to base on Figure 1 The graph construction flowchart shown uses... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The two typical system configurations shown are used to construct... Figure 4 The carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection diagram shown mainly includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Determine the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration to be selected and establish its steady-state thermodynamic model.

[0071] This embodiment selects two typical configurations as examples, namely Figure 2 The transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Rankine cycle shown, and Figure 3 The supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery systems shown are all placed in an external environment 000 and are all composed of a heat pump subsystem 100, an energy storage subsystem 200, and a heat engine subsystem 300.

[0072] In the heat pump subsystem 100 of the transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system based on the Rankine cycle, the working fluid flows sequentially through the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 (driven by the heat pump subsystem generator 101), the heat pump subsystem cooler 121, the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, the heat pump subsystem expansion valve 113, and the heat pump subsystem evaporator 124, and then returns to the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 after passing through the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122. In the heat engine subsystem 300, the working fluid flows sequentially through the heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313, the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, the heat engine subsystem heater 323, the heat engine subsystem expander 312 (driving the heat engine subsystem motor 302), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, and the heat engine subsystem condenser 324, and finally returns to the heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313. In the energy storage subsystem 200, the high-temperature heat storage tank 201 and the low-temperature heat storage tank 202 are connected to the heat pump subsystem cooler 121 and the heat engine subsystem heater 323 to realize heat storage and heat release.

[0073] In the heat pump subsystem 100 of the Brayton cycle-based supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system, the working fluid flows sequentially through the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 (driven by the heat pump subsystem generator 101), the heat pump subsystem cooler 121, the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, the heat pump subsystem expander 112 (driving the heat pump subsystem motor 102), and the heat pump subsystem heater 123, before returning to the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 after passing through the heat pump subsystem regenerator 122. In the heat engine subsystem 300, the working fluid flows sequentially through the heat engine subsystem compressor 311 (driven by the heat engine subsystem generator 301), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, the heat engine subsystem heater 323, the heat engine subsystem expander 312 (driving the heat engine subsystem motor 302), the heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, and the heat engine subsystem cooler 321, finally returning to the heat engine subsystem compressor 311. In the energy storage subsystem 200, the high-temperature thermal storage tank 201 and the low-temperature thermal storage tank 202 are connected to the heat pump subsystem cooler 121 and the heat engine subsystem heater 323; at the same time, the high-temperature cold storage tank 203 and the low-temperature cold storage tank 204 are connected to the heat pump subsystem heater 123 and the heat engine subsystem cooler 321.

[0074] A modular approach is used to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the system, which specifically includes a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module, and a thermal and cold storage module.

[0075] 1-1 Turbomachinery Module

[0076] The impeller machinery module includes a heat pump subsystem compressor 111, a heat engine subsystem compressor 311, a heat pump subsystem expander 112, a heat engine subsystem expander 312, and a heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313. Each impeller machinery module determines its outlet operating condition using its inlet operating condition, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio. Specifically, the outlet operating condition and total power consumption of the heat pump subsystem compressor 111 and the heat engine subsystem compressor 311 can be obtained from equation (1), the outlet operating condition and total power consumption of the heat pump subsystem expander 112 and the heat engine subsystem expander 312 can be obtained from equation (2), and the outlet operating condition and total power consumption of the heat engine subsystem working fluid pump 313 can be obtained from equation (3).

[0077] (1)

[0078] (2)

[0079] (3)

[0080] In the formula: p , h These are pressure and enthalpy, respectively. η It is isentropic efficiency; P Power; η m , η e These represent the equipment mechanical efficiency and the motor efficiency, both of which are set to 1. m CO2,ch The mass flow rate of carbon dioxide in the heat pump subsystem; m CO2,dch This represents the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide in the heat engine subsystem; the subscripts in and out represent the inlet and outlet, respectively; the subscript id indicates the ideal state; the subscript C represents the compressor; the subscript T represents the expander; and the subscript P represents the working fluid pump.

[0081] 1-2 heat exchange modules

[0082] The heat exchange module includes a cooler heat pump subsystem 121, a heat engine subsystem cooler 321, a heat pump subsystem regenerator 122, a heat engine subsystem regenerator 322, a heat pump subsystem heater 123, a heat engine subsystem heater 323, a heat pump subsystem evaporator 124, and a heat engine subsystem condenser 324. Each heat exchange device, using a one-dimensional model and other heat discretization methods, utilizes its inlet operating conditions and heat exchange medium mass flow rate to output the heat exchange power and outlet operating conditions of the heat storage and cold storage medium sides, which meet the conditions. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0083] (4)

[0084] In the formula: q This refers to the heat exchange power. m HF The mass flow rate of the heat storage medium; m CF This represents the mass flow rate of the cold storage medium; the subscript HE indicates each heat exchanger.

[0085] 1-3 Thermal and Cold Storage Modules

[0086] The heat storage and cold storage module includes a high-temperature heat storage tank 201, a low-temperature heat storage tank 202, a high-temperature cold storage tank 203, and a low-temperature cold storage tank 204. The temperature of each tank is determined by the inlet and outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working fluid in the heat exchange module, and heat leakage loss of the tank is ignored.

[0087] Step 2: Determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters. The specific values ​​or parameter variation ranges are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1 Example System Parameters

[0089]

[0090] Step 3: Perform thermodynamic simulations by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. η R . Figure 2 The configuration shown is a transcritical Carnot carbon dioxide cell based on the Rankine cycle. η R It can be obtained from equation (5). Figure 3 The configuration shown is based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot cell using the Brayton cycle. η R It can be obtained from equation (6).

[0091] (5)

[0092] (6)

[0093] In the formula: the subscript dch represents the energy release process, i.e. the operation process of the heat engine subsystem; the subscript ch represents the energy storage process, i.e. the operation process of the heat pump subsystem.

[0094] Step 4, based on the system's high-temperature heat storage tank temperature T H,H The horizontal axis represents the system pressure ratio. β Using the vertical axis as the ordinate, the results of step 3 are plotted as a carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection map by drawing isoefficiency lines in the coordinate plane, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown. And based on the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank. T H,H Divide the coordinate plane into different temperature ranges: If T H,H Temperatures not exceeding 200℃ are considered low-temperature ranges. T H,H The temperature range is between 200 and 400℃, which is considered the medium temperature range. T H,H Temperatures not less than 400℃ are considered high-temperature zones.

[0095] Example 2: Application of Configuration Selection Map

[0096] Now combined Figure 5 Taking a specific real-world scenario as an example, this paper details how to use the above-mentioned graph for rapid design, mainly including the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: For a specific application scenario, Therminol VP-1 is selected as the thermal storage material, with an operating temperature range of 12~400℃. The temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is then determined. T H,H =400℃.

[0098] Step 2: Based on the pre-constructed carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration selection map, the temperature values ​​determined in Step 1 are... T H,H =400℃ is used as the horizontal axis to locate the configuration selection map, and the search is performed vertically upwards.

[0099] Step 3: Determine the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration corresponding to this temperature point. The recommended system configuration (here, a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery based on the Brayton cycle) and system electro-electric efficiency can then be directly read. η R =0.47, system pressure ratio β =3.45, and the recommended operating temperature range of the system thermal storage material under this configuration is 300~400℃.

[0100] This invention provides a shift from complex modeling to intuitive querying of configuration selection methods. In practical applications, the applicable system configuration, corresponding pressure ratio, and system efficiency can be quickly determined from the spectrum based solely on the target high-temperature thermal storage temperature, significantly reducing the design threshold and time cost of carbon dioxide Carnot batteries. It has a wide applicable temperature range and broad applicable configurations, and can be extended to cover the temperature range of other known or novel thermal storage materials and other carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations.

[0101] The following are embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, which can be used to execute embodiments of the method of the present invention. For details not omitted in the apparatus embodiments, please refer to the embodiments of the method of the present invention.

[0102] In another embodiment of the present invention, a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system is provided. This carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system can be used to implement the above-mentioned carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method. Specifically, the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system includes a model building module, a parameter determination module, an electro-electric efficiency acquisition module, a spectrum preparation module, and a spectrum reading module.

[0103] The model building module is used to determine various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected and to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration.

[0104] The parameter determination module is used to determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model.

[0105] The electro-electro-efficiency acquisition module is used to perform thermodynamic simulations by varying system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electro-efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters.

[0106] The graph preparation module is used to plot the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the abscissa and the system pressure ratio as the ordinate. Based on the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, the coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges, and the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

[0107] The graph reading module is used to locate the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; based on the location results, it reads the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

[0108] In another embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment can be used in the operation of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, including: determining multiple selectable carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations; establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration; determining the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish the steady-state thermodynamic model; and changing the system operating parameters. Thermodynamic simulations were performed to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. The system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from the thermodynamic simulation were plotted as a graph with the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the x-axis and the system pressure ratio as the y-axis. The coordinate plane was divided into different temperature ranges based on the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, and recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations were marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map. The high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirements were located on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map. Based on the location results, recommended high-efficiency system configuration categories, system efficiencies, and system pressure ratios were retrieved from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map.

[0109] In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a terminal device for storing programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here may include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and extended storage media supported by the terminal device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor, which may be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here may be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0110] One or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method in the above embodiments; one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor to perform the following steps: determining multiple carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected, and establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration; determining the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish the steady-state thermodynamic model; performing thermodynamic simulation by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. The system electro-electric efficiency of the battery is calculated as follows: The system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation are plotted on the x-axis with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and the system pressure ratio on the y-axis. The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges based on the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature. Recommended CO2 Carnot battery configurations are marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a CO2 Carnot battery configuration selection map. The high-temperature heat storage tank temperature requirements are located on the CO2 Carnot battery configuration selection map. Based on the location results, the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio are retrieved from the CO2 Carnot battery configuration selection map.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0112] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0113] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0114] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0115] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0116] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0117] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0118] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0119] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

[0120] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this patent should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method, characterized in that, Includes the following processes: Several alternative carbon dioxide Carnot cell configurations were identified, and a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot cell configuration was established. Determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model; Thermodynamic simulations were performed by varying the system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. Using the system's high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature as the abscissa and the system pressure ratio as the ordinate, the system's electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation are plotted into a graph. Based on the high-temperature thermal storage tank temperature, the coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges. Recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations are marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph. The temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank are located on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map; based on the location results, recommended high-efficiency system configuration categories, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio are read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map.

2. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a steady-state thermodynamic model for a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is as follows: A modular approach is used to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model, including a turbomachinery module, a heat exchange module, and a thermal and cold storage module. In the turbomachinery module, the outlet conditions of each turbomachinery are determined by the inlet conditions, isentropic efficiency, and pressure ratio. In the heat exchange module, a one-dimensional model is used to discretize each heat exchange device along the flow direction with equal heat. Based on the energy conservation equation, the minimum temperature difference at each heat exchange device grid node is controlled to be the set pinch temperature difference. The heat exchange power and the outlet conditions of the heat storage and cold storage working fluids are output using the inlet conditions and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange working fluid. In the thermal and cold storage module, the temperature of each storage tank is determined by the inlet and outlet operating conditions of the thermal and cold storage working fluids in the heat exchange module.

3. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Equipment performance parameters include compressor isentropic efficiency, expander isentropic efficiency, working fluid pump isentropic efficiency, equipment mechanical efficiency, equipment motor efficiency, and heat exchanger pinch point temperature difference; system design parameters include ambient temperature, ambient pressure, energy storage time, energy release time, carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat pump subsystem, and carbon dioxide mass flow rate of the heat engine subsystem; system operating parameters include high-temperature cold storage tank temperature, low-temperature heat storage tank temperature, system minimum pressure, and system pressure ratio.

4. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the system electro-electric efficiency of a carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters is as follows: The net power consumption of the heat pump subsystem during the energy storage process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations. The net work done by the heat engine subsystem during the energy release process is obtained through thermodynamic simulation calculations. The system's electrical efficiency is calculated based on the ratio of net work done to net work consumed.

5. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of plotting the system's electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a spectrum is as follows: Plot isoefficiency lines in the coordinate plane to show the electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery system under different combinations of high-temperature heat storage tank temperature and system pressure ratio. At least three temperature ranges are defined: low temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not greater than 200℃; medium temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is between 200 and 400℃; and high temperature range, where the temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank is not less than 400℃.

6. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map, the recommended operating temperature range of the thermal storage material is read from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection map based on the determination results.

7. The carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identified options for various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations include a transcritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system configuration based on the Rankine cycle and a supercritical carbon dioxide Carnot battery system configuration based on the Brayton cycle.

8. A carbon dioxide Carnot battery design system, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to determine various carbon dioxide Carnot battery configurations to be selected and to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration. The parameter determination module is used to determine the equipment performance parameters, system design parameters, and system operating parameters required to establish a steady-state thermodynamic model. The electro-electric efficiency acquisition module is used to perform thermodynamic simulations by varying system operating parameters to obtain the system electro-electric efficiency of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery under different system operating parameters. The graph preparation module is used to plot the system electro-electric efficiency results obtained from thermodynamic simulation into a graph with the system high-temperature heat storage tank temperature as the horizontal axis and the system pressure ratio as the vertical axis. The coordinate plane is divided into different temperature ranges according to the high-temperature heat storage tank temperature, and the recommended carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration is marked in different temperature ranges to obtain a carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph. The graph reading module is used to locate the temperature requirements of the high-temperature thermal storage tank on the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph; based on the location results, it reads the recommended high-efficiency system configuration category, system efficiency, and system pressure ratio from the carbon dioxide Carnot battery configuration selection graph.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the carbon dioxide Carnot battery design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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