Monitoring and early warning system for safety construction of tall and large formworks of constructional engineering

Abstract

The invention, which relates to the technical field of building construction, discloses a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of a tall and large template in building engineering, comprising a monitoring unit, a trend analysis unit, a two-dimensional early warning unit and a closed-loop linkage unit. According to the invention, the trend analysis unit performs multi-order derivative operation on a displacement-time sequence to extract an instantaneous acceleration value and an acceleration change rate, and a secondary early warning function of the two-dimensional early warning unit is matched, so that a precursor signal of sudden acceleration of displacement acceleration of a tall template can be captured; the problems that early warning lags and the best intervention opportunity is missed due to the fact that a traditional system only monitors the instantaneous displacement value are solved, and the timeliness of potential safety hazard recognition is improved; the early warning threshold value is updated in real time through the dynamic threshold value generation unit in combination with the structure parameters, the construction procedures and the environment parameters, the problems that monitoring points of a traditional system are evenly distributed unscientifically, and a fixed threshold value cannot adapt to complex working conditions, so that false alarm and missing alarm are caused are solved, and monitoring accuracy and cost economy are both considered.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building construction, more particularly to a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high formwork in building engineering. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of building engineering technology, high formwork, as the core support system of concrete structure construction, is increasingly widely used in high-rise buildings, large-span venues and other projects. Especially in recent years, as the scale of engineering continues to expand and the construction environment becomes more complex, the types of loads borne by high formwork are also more diverse, and the stability requirements of the support system have significantly improved.

[0003] In current high formwork construction, traditional safety monitoring methods rely on manual inspection or single threshold alarm mode, which can only issue an alarm when the displacement data exceeds a fixed threshold, and the monitoring point arrangement often adopts the principle of uniform distribution, without considering risk-sensitive areas such as beam ends and stand pole joint nodes with concentrated loads. At the same time, the fixed alarm threshold cannot adapt to the differences in different construction stages such as erection period and pouring period, as well as environmental conditions such as temperature changes and wind effects. If potential safety hazards such as abnormal displacement rate of high formwork occur, the traditional monitoring system not only cannot capture key signals in advance, but also cannot form linkage with construction equipment such as concrete pouring pumps and hoisting equipment after the alarm, resulting in low repair and intervention efficiency, which is difficult to meet the actual construction safety requirements. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high formwork in building engineering to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high formwork in building engineering, comprising: a monitoring unit for collecting real-time displacement data of high formwork monitoring points and corresponding time stamps; a trend analysis unit connected with the monitoring unit and configured to generate a displacement-time sequence based on the real-time displacement data and the time stamps, and perform multi-order derivative operation on the displacement-time sequence by a preset algorithm to extract displacement change rate features; a two-dimensional early warning unit connected with the trend analysis unit and configured to compare the real-time displacement data with a preset safety threshold and compare the displacement change rate features with a preset trend threshold, and trigger an early warning signal when any comparison result meets the early warning condition; a closed-loop linkage unit connected with the two-dimensional early warning unit and configured to send operation instructions to a construction equipment control system, send start-up instructions to a field sound and light device, and send early warning information to a management personnel terminal according to a preset priority after receiving the early warning signal, forming a closed-loop control from monitoring to intervention.

[0006] In some embodiments, the displacement change rate feature comprises an instantaneous speed-up value and a speed-up change rate; The multi-order derivative operation of the trend analysis unit comprises: performing a first-order derivative operation on the displacement-time sequence to obtain the instantaneous speed-up value; performing a second-order derivative operation on the instantaneous speed-up value to obtain the speed-up change rate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the early warning conditions of the two-dimensional early warning unit comprise: a primary early warning condition: real-time displacement data is greater than a preset safety threshold; a secondary early warning condition: the instantaneous speed-up value is greater than a speed-up threshold in the preset trend threshold for a plurality of consecutive sampling periods, and the speed-up change rate is greater than a change rate threshold in the preset trend threshold.

[0008] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional early warning unit is further configured to: trigger an emergency early warning signal when the primary early warning condition is met; trigger a pre-judgment early warning signal when the secondary early warning condition is met and the primary early warning condition is not met.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preset priority of the closed-loop linkage unit comprises: when receiving the emergency early warning signal, preferentially sending an emergency shutdown instruction to the construction equipment control system; when receiving the pre-judgment early warning signal, preferentially sending early warning information to the management personnel terminal and delaying for a preset time period before sending a speed reduction instruction to the construction equipment control system.

[0010] In some embodiments, a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of a high and large formwork in a building project further comprises: a dynamic threshold generation unit connected to the two-dimensional early warning unit and configured to update the preset safety threshold and the preset trend threshold in real time based on the structural parameters of the high and large formwork, the current construction process, and the environmental parameters through a finite element analysis model.

[0011] In some embodiments, the environmental parameters comprise temperature change value, wind level, and vibration frequency.

[0012] In some embodiments, the monitoring unit comprises: a distributed sensing network composed of a plurality of displacement sensors, the displacement sensors being arranged in zones according to risk levels, and high-density sensor groups being arranged in areas with high risk levels; a synchronous acquisition module connected to the distributed sensing network and configured to control each displacement sensor to acquire data according to a unified time reference.

[0013] In some embodiments, the closed-loop linkage unit is further configured to: After sending the operation instruction, the state feedback information of the construction equipment is received in real time; When it is detected that the construction equipment does not execute according to the instruction, the warning level is raised and a secondary instruction is sent.

[0014] In some embodiments, a monitoring and warning system for safe construction of high and large formwork in building engineering further comprises: The data traceability unit, connected with the monitoring unit and the two-dimensional warning unit, is configured to store the real-time displacement data, the displacement change rate characteristics and the warning signal according to the time axis, and generate a traceable warning event chain.

[0015] The present application has the following advantages: 1. The monitoring and warning system for safe construction of high and large formwork in building engineering provided by the present application extracts the instantaneous speed-up value and the speed-up change rate by performing multi-order derivative operation on the displacement-time sequence through the trend analysis unit, and the two-level warning function of the two-dimensional warning unit can capture the precursor signal of sudden acceleration of the displacement of the high and large formwork, solve the problem of delayed warning and missed best intervention opportunity caused by monitoring only the instantaneous displacement value in the traditional system, and improve the timeliness of safety hazard identification. 2. The monitoring and warning system for safe construction of high and large formwork in building engineering provided by the present application, relying on the closed-loop linkage unit, sends operation instructions to the construction equipment control system, starts the on-site sound and light device, and pushes the management personnel terminal information after receiving the warning signal according to the preset priority, and can also verify the equipment execution state, forming a warning-intervention-verification closed loop, solving the problem that the alarm information is only transmitted to the management personnel in the traditional system, and the construction equipment cannot be linked to suspend dangerous operation in time, and enhancing the initiative of safety control. 3. The monitoring and warning system for safe construction of high and large formwork in building engineering provided by the present application, on the one hand, the sensors are arranged by the monitoring unit according to the risk level, with high density in high-risk areas and low density in medium and low-risk areas, to avoid data missing in key positions and data redundancy in non-key areas; on the other hand, the dynamic threshold generation unit updates the warning threshold in real time in combination with the structure parameters, construction process and environmental parameters, solving the problem of unscientific uniform distribution of monitoring points and false alarm and missed alarm caused by fixed threshold value unable to adapt to complex working conditions, and taking into account the monitoring accuracy and cost economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 2 Structure diagram of the monitoring unit of the present application; Figure 3 Workflow diagram of the trend analysis unit of the present application; Figure 4 Early warning logic diagram of the two-dimensional early warning unit of the present application; Figure 5 Workflow diagram of the closed-loop linkage unit of the present application; Figure 6 Working logic diagram of the dynamic threshold generation unit of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] In the field of building engineering, high formwork is widely used in high-rise buildings, large-span stadiums and other projects as the core support system for concrete structure construction. With the expansion of engineering scale and the complication of construction environment, the types of loads borne by high formwork become more diverse (such as concrete self-weight, construction live load, wind load, etc.), and the stability requirement of the support system is significantly improved. However, in recent years, high formwork frame collapses have occurred frequently, and analysis of the causes shows that the traditional safety monitoring means has obvious shortcomings and has been difficult to meet the actual construction safety needs, and building an efficient and accurate monitoring and early warning system has become an urgent need in the field of formwork support.

[0019] Traditional high formwork monitoring systems mostly rely on manual inspection or single threshold alarm mode, and can only issue an alarm when the displacement data exceeds a fixed threshold. This mode has two key defects: on the one hand, it ignores the "trend feature" of high formwork displacement changes: before most collapse accidents occur, the formwork displacement will show a "sudden increase in speed" precursor, and monitoring only the instantaneous displacement value cannot capture this key signal, resulting in a lag in alarm response and missing the best intervention opportunity; on the other hand, the alarm information is only transmitted to the site management personnel, and does not form a linkage with the construction equipment (such as concrete pouring pump, hoisting equipment), even if the alarm is triggered, if the dangerous operation cannot be stopped in time, safety accidents may still occur.

[0020] Furthermore, the traditional system's monitoring point layout lacks scientific rigor, often employing a "uniform distribution" principle without considering risk-sensitive areas of tall formwork (such as beam ends with concentrated loads, pole splicing nodes, and mid-span locations with large spans). This results in missing data at critical locations and redundant data in non-critical areas, increasing equipment costs and failing to accurately identify safety hazards. At the same time, fixed alarm thresholds cannot adapt to differences in different construction stages (such as erection, pouring, and curing periods) and environmental conditions (such as temperature changes and wind effects), easily leading to false alarms or missed alarms and affecting the reliability of the monitoring system.

[0021] In view of this, the present invention proposes a monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of tall formwork in building engineering. It aims to solve the technical problems of traditional systems such as delayed early warning, insufficient linkage, and rigid thresholds by integrating real-time monitoring, trend analysis, dual-dimensional early warning, and closed-loop linkage, thereby improving the safety management level of the construction process of tall formwork.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the monitoring and early warning system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of tall formwork in building engineering provided in this embodiment includes a monitoring unit, a trend analysis unit, a dual-dimensional early warning unit, and a closed-loop linkage unit. It can also be supplemented with a dynamic threshold generation unit, a data traceability unit, etc., according to actual needs. All units work collaboratively to achieve full-process control from data collection to safety intervention, significantly improving the accuracy and response efficiency of safety early warnings for tall formwork construction.

[0023] Please see Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The structure and function of each core unit of the system are described in detail below: The monitoring unit is used to collect real-time displacement data and corresponding timestamps of the monitoring points of the tall template. It is the data acquisition foundation of the entire system. Its core function is to ensure the real-time, accuracy and synchronization of displacement data, and to provide a reliable data source for subsequent trend analysis and early warning judgment.

[0024] Specifically, the monitoring unit includes a distributed sensor network and a synchronous acquisition module: The distributed sensor network consists of multiple displacement sensors. The selection of displacement sensors can be based on monitoring requirements, choosing from laser displacement sensors, wire-type displacement sensors, or vibrating wire displacement sensors, etc. The arrangement principle is "zoning by risk level": first, through structural stress analysis, identify the load concentration areas of tall formwork (such as beam supports, slab end supports), deformation-sensitive areas (such as mid-span locations, irregular joints), and weak connection areas (such as the joints between uprights and crossbars, settlement points at the bottom of uprights). These areas are designated as "high-risk areas"; the remaining areas are designated as "medium-low risk areas." High-density sensor groups are deployed in high-risk areas (e.g., one sensor every 2-3 meters), while the density is appropriately reduced in medium- and low-risk areas (e.g., one sensor every 5-6 meters), ensuring monitoring accuracy at critical locations while avoiding equipment waste.

[0025] The synchronous acquisition module connects to a distributed sensor network and controls the acquisition frequency and timestamps of each displacement sensor through a unified time base (such as a GPS synchronized clock or a local high-precision clock), ensuring that the data collected by different sensors are aligned in the time dimension. For example, during the concrete pouring stage, the synchronous acquisition module can set the acquisition frequency to "once every 10 seconds" and adjust it to "once every 60 seconds" during the curing stage, which meets the high-frequency monitoring requirements of the high-risk stage while reducing energy consumption and data volume in the low-risk stage.

[0026] Please see Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the trend analysis unit provided in this embodiment of the invention. The trend analysis unit is connected to the monitoring unit, and its core function is to perform in-depth processing on real-time displacement data and extract the "rate characteristics" of displacement changes to provide an analytical basis for subsequent dual-dimensional early warning.

[0027] The specific working process of the trend analysis unit includes: The first step is data preprocessing: receiving real-time displacement data and timestamps sent by the monitoring unit, filtering and noise reduction of the data (such as using the Kalman filter algorithm) to eliminate abnormal data caused by factors such as construction vibration and electromagnetic interference, and to ensure data accuracy; The second step is to generate a displacement-time series: the preprocessed displacement data is associated with the corresponding timestamps to form a two-dimensional "displacement-time" series, which intuitively reflects the change of the displacement of the tall template over time. The third step is multi-order derivative calculation: Multi-order derivative calculations are performed on the displacement-time series using a preset algorithm (such as numerical differentiation). The first derivative is performed on the displacement-time series to obtain the instantaneous rate of change (unit: length / time), representing the speed of displacement change at a given moment. The second derivative is then performed on the instantaneous rate of change to obtain the rate of change (unit: length / time). 2 This characterizes the trend of instantaneous growth rate changes (e.g., whether the growth rate is accelerating or slowing down).

[0028] For example, in the monitoring of the end of a certain high and large template beam, the displacement-time sequence shows that the displacement is 2 mm at the 10th minute, 3 mm at the 11th minute, and 5 mm at the 12th minute. Through first derivative operation, the instantaneous speed increasing value is 1 mm / min at the 10th-11th minute, and the instantaneous speed increasing value is 2 mm / min at the 11th-12th minute. Through second derivative operation, the speed increasing rate is 1 mm / min, which indicates that the displacement speed increasing of the region is accelerating, and attention should be paid. 2

[0029] Referring to FIG. 6, Figure 4 Figure 4 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the warning logic of the double-dimension warning unit provided by the embodiment of the present application. The double-dimension warning unit is connected with the trend analysis unit and is configured to realize double-dimension warning based on the “instantaneous displacement value” and the “displacement speed increasing rate feature”, avoiding the limitation of the traditional single threshold warning.

[0030] The warning conditions of the double-dimension warning unit include a first warning condition and a second warning condition. The first warning condition: comparing the real-time displacement data collected by the monitoring unit with the preset safety threshold, when the real-time displacement data is greater than the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the first warning condition is met. The second warning condition: comparing the instantaneous speed increasing value and the speed increasing rate extracted by the trend analysis unit with the preset trend threshold (including the speed increasing threshold and the rate threshold), when the instantaneous speed increasing value is greater than the speed increasing threshold for continuous multiple sampling periods (such as 3 sampling periods), and the speed increasing rate is greater than the rate threshold, it is determined that the second warning condition is met.

[0031] Further, the double-dimension warning unit also has a “graded warning” function: when the first warning condition is met, an emergency warning signal is triggered, indicating that the high and large template has approached the limit bearing state, and the risk is extremely high; when the second warning condition is met and the first warning condition is not met, a pre-judgment warning signal is triggered, indicating that the displacement speed increasing of the high and large template is abnormal, there is a potential risk, and early intervention is needed.

[0032] For example, the preset safety threshold of a certain high and large template is 8 mm, the speed increasing threshold in the preset trend threshold is 1.5 mm / min, and the rate threshold is 0.5 mm / min 2 . If the real-time displacement data is 9 mm (greater than 8 mm), an emergency warning signal is triggered; if the real-time displacement data is 6 mm (less than 8 mm), but the instantaneous speed increasing values of continuous 3 sampling periods are 1.6 mm / min, 1.8 mm / min and 2.0 mm / min (all greater than 1.5 mm / min), and the speed increasing rate is 0.6 mm / min 2 (greater than 0.5 mm / min 2 ​​If the pre-judgment early warning signal is received, the early warning information is sent to the management personnel terminal, prompting "the displacement of the certain monitoring point is abnormal, and the support system is suggested to be checked", and after a delay of a preset time (such as 30 seconds, reserving the preliminary judgment time of the management personnel), if the "cancel instruction" of the management personnel is not received, a speed reduction instruction (such as reducing the concrete pouring speed) is sent to the construction equipment control system to avoid affecting the construction efficiency due to misjudgment.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 5 as shown, Figure 5 The working process schematic diagram of the closed-loop linkage unit provided by the embodiment of the present application. The closed-loop linkage unit is connected with the double-dimension early warning unit, and the core function thereof is to realize "early warning information pushing" and "construction equipment linkage" according to the preset priority after receiving the early warning signal, so as to form a closed-loop control from early warning to intervention and avoid the defect of the traditional system that "only alarms without intervention".

[0034] The specific working process of the closed-loop linkage unit includes: Firstly, receiving the early warning signal: the emergency early warning signal or the pre-judgment early warning signal sent by the double-dimension early warning unit is received in real time, and the early warning level, the corresponding monitoring point position and other information in the signal are analyzed; Secondly, executing the linkage operation according to the priority: If the emergency early warning signal is received, the emergency stop instruction is sent to the construction equipment control system in priority, such as stopping the operation of the concrete pouring pump and the hoisting equipment, the starting instruction is sent to the on-site sound and light device, such as triggering the red warning light to flash and the high-pitched alarm to sound, and the early warning information is sent to the management personnel terminal (such as the mobile phone APP and the on-site monitoring screen), including the early warning level, the monitoring point position and the real-time displacement data; If the pre-judgment early warning signal is received, the early warning information is sent to the management personnel terminal in priority, prompting "the displacement of the certain monitoring point is abnormal, and the support system is suggested to be checked", and after a delay of a preset time (such as 30 seconds, reserving the preliminary judgment time of the management personnel), if the "cancel instruction" of the management personnel is not received, the speed reduction instruction (such as reducing the concrete pouring speed) is sent to the construction equipment control system to avoid affecting the construction efficiency due to misjudgment; Thirdly, state feedback verification: after the operation instruction is sent, the equipment state information (such as "has stopped" and "has reduced speed") fed back by the construction equipment control system is received in real time, if it is detected that the construction equipment does not execute according to the instruction (such as the instruction is not stopped after 10 seconds), the early warning level is automatically increased (such as the pre-judgment early warning is upgraded to the emergency early warning), and the second instruction is sent to the equipment control system, and the information pushing frequency to the management personnel terminal is increased (such as pushing 1 time every 5 seconds), so as to ensure that the instruction is executed in place.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 6 as shown, Figure 6 The working logic schematic diagram of the dynamic threshold generation unit provided by the embodiment of the present application. The dynamic threshold generation unit is connected with the double-dimension early warning unit, and is used to solve the problem that the fixed threshold value of the traditional system cannot adapt to the complex working conditions, so as to realize the real-time update of the early warning threshold value.

[0036] The specific working process of the dynamic threshold generation unit is as follows: Firstly, obtain the basic parameters: extract the structural parameters such as the diameter of the vertical rod, the spacing of the vertical rod, the step distance of the horizontal rod, and the template span from the high template special design file, obtain the current construction process such as the erection period, the pouring period, and the curing period from the construction management system, and obtain the environmental parameters such as the temperature change value, the wind grade, and the vibration frequency from the on-site environmental monitoring equipment; Then, build a finite element analysis model: based on the above parameters, build a finite element model of the high template, simulate the displacement response of the high template under different working conditions (such as changes in pouring speed and increases in wind force); Finally, update the threshold in real time: calculate the "safe critical displacement" and "safe speed increase range" of the high template under the current working condition through the finite element analysis model, and send them to the two-dimensional early warning unit as the preset safety threshold and the preset trend threshold respectively, to realize the dynamic adjustment of the threshold.

[0037] For example, in the initial stage of concrete pouring, the load borne by the high template gradually increases, the safe critical displacement calculated by the finite element model is 7mm, and the preset safety threshold is set to 7mm; after entering the curing period, the load tends to be stable, the safe critical displacement can be adjusted to 9mm, and the dynamic threshold generation unit automatically updates the preset safety threshold to 9mm, ensuring that the threshold matches the actual working condition.

[0038] The data tracing unit is connected with the monitoring unit and the two-dimensional early warning unit, and its function is to realize the whole cycle tracing of the monitoring data and the early warning events, and to provide the basis for subsequent construction optimization and accident analysis. Specifically, the data tracing unit stores the real-time displacement data collected by the monitoring unit, the displacement change rate characteristics extracted by the trend analysis unit, and the early warning signals triggered by the two-dimensional early warning unit in chronological order, generates an "early warning event chain" - each event chain contains information such as "data collection time - monitoring point position - real-time displacement value - instantaneous speed value - early warning level - linkage operation - equipment state", and supports management personnel to query historical data through time, monitoring point position and other keywords, which is convenient for analyzing the displacement change law of the high template, providing the basis for subsequent template design optimization of similar projects (such as adjusting the spacing of the vertical rod to improve stability), and quickly tracing the accident causes after a safety event occurs and clarifying the responsibilities.

[0039] The working process of the monitoring and early warning system of the present application will be described in detail through a specific application example as follows: The high template engineering of a certain commercial complex project has a template span of 15m and a vertical rod spacing of 1.2m, and is currently in the concrete pouring stage, and the monitoring and early warning system of the present application is applied for safety control, and the specific process is as follows: Step 1: system initialization Monitoring unit: According to the risk zoning, laser displacement sensors are arranged at the beam end (high-risk area) (1 per 2 m), and tensioned displacement sensors are arranged in the plate area (medium-risk area) (1 per 5 m). The synchronous acquisition module sets the acquisition frequency to 10 seconds / time, and the time reference adopts GPS synchronous clock; Dynamic threshold generation unit: Obtain the structure parameters (pole diameter 48 mm, spacing 1.2 m), current process (pouring period), and environmental parameters (temperature 25℃, wind force 2), and calculate the preset safety threshold value of 8 mm and the preset trend threshold value of 1.5 mm / minute for the acceleration threshold value and 0.5 mm / minute for the change rate threshold value through the finite element model 2 , and send the threshold value to the two-dimensional early warning unit; Step 2: Real-time monitoring and data processing Monitoring unit: Collect displacement data and time stamps of each monitoring point every 10 seconds, and send them to the trend analysis unit after filtering processing; Trend analysis unit: Generate displacement-time sequence based on the received data, obtain instantaneous acceleration value through first-order derivative operation, and obtain acceleration change rate through second-order derivative operation. For example, at the 20th minute, the displacement data of a monitoring point at the beam end is 5 mm, at the 21st minute is 5.3 mm, and at the 22nd minute is 5.8 mm. The calculated instantaneous acceleration values are 1.8 mm / minute (20-21 minutes) and 3.0 mm / minute (21-22 minutes), and the acceleration change rate is 1.2 mm / minute 2 ; Step 3: Two-dimensional early warning judgment Two-dimensional early warning unit: Compare the real-time displacement data (5.8 mm) with the preset safety threshold value (8 mm), which does not meet the first-level early warning condition; compare the instantaneous acceleration value (greater than 1.5 mm / minute for two consecutive periods) and the acceleration change rate (1.2 mm / minute 2 greater than 0.5 mm / minute 2 ) with the preset trend threshold value, which meets the second-level early warning condition, triggering the pre-judgment early warning signal; Step 4: Closed-loop linkage and state verification Closed-loop linkage unit: After receiving the pre-judgment early warning signal, preferentially push information to the manager's mobile phone APP ("abnormal displacement acceleration of beam end monitoring point, current displacement 5.8 mm, acceleration 3.0 mm / minute"), delay for 30 seconds, and if no "cancel instruction" is received from the manager, send a deceleration instruction to the concrete pouring pump control system; State feedback: Receive the feedback information "decelerate to 50% of the original speed" from the pouring pump control system after 10 seconds, and the closed-loop linkage unit stops sending secondary instructions; if no feedback is received, automatically upgrade to emergency early warning, triggering the stop instruction; Step 5: Data traceability storage The data traceability unit stores information such as "22 minutes - beam end monitoring point - displacement 5.8 mm - instantaneous speed increase 3.0 mm / min - pre-judgment and early warning - pouring pump deceleration - has been decelerated" according to the time axis, forms a pre-warning event chain, and provides subsequent query and analysis.

[0040] To sum up, the monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high formwork in building engineering provided by the application realizes accurate data acquisition through the monitoring unit, extracts displacement change trend characteristics with the aid of the trend analysis unit, realizes hierarchical early warning by relying on the dual-dimension early warning unit, forms a closed-loop control of "early warning - intervention - verification" through the closed-loop linkage unit, and adapts to complex working conditions by combining the dynamic threshold generation unit, and the data traceability unit supports subsequent optimization. Compared with the traditional monitoring system, the system not only solves the problems of "early warning lag" and "insufficient linkage", but also saves equipment costs under the premise of ensuring safety by scientific monitoring point arrangement and dynamic threshold adjustment, provides all-round protection for high formwork construction safety, and provides quantitative basis for the design and optimization of the subsequent formwork support system.

[0041] The above embodiments have been described in detail, and specific examples have been applied to the principles and embodiments of the application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the application and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the application, the specific embodiments and application scope will be changed, and the above description should not be understood as a limitation of the application.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering, characterized in that, include: The monitoring unit is used to collect real-time displacement data and corresponding timestamps of the monitoring points of the tall template; The trend analysis unit, connected to the monitoring unit, is configured to: generate a displacement-time series based on the real-time displacement data and timestamps, and perform multi-order derivative operations on the displacement-time series using a preset algorithm to extract displacement change rate features. A dual-dimensional early warning unit, connected to the trend analysis unit, is configured to: compare the real-time displacement data with a preset safety threshold and compare the displacement change rate feature with a preset trend threshold; and trigger an early warning signal when either comparison result meets the early warning condition. The closed-loop linkage unit, connected to the dual-dimensional early warning unit, is configured to: after receiving the early warning signal, send operation instructions to the construction equipment control system, send start instructions to the on-site sound and light device, and send early warning information to the management personnel terminal according to a preset priority, forming a closed-loop control from monitoring to intervention.

2. The monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement change rate characteristic includes the instantaneous increase value and the rate of change of the increase; The multi-order derivative operations of the trend analysis unit include: The instantaneous growth rate value is obtained by performing a first derivative operation on the displacement-time series. The second derivative of the instantaneous growth rate is calculated to obtain the rate of change of the growth rate.

3. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that, The warning conditions of the dual-dimensional early warning unit include: Level 1 warning condition: The real-time displacement data is greater than the preset safety threshold; Level 2 warning conditions: The instantaneous growth rate value is greater than the growth rate threshold in the preset trend threshold for multiple consecutive sampling periods, and the growth rate change rate is greater than the change rate threshold in the preset trend threshold.

4. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that, The dual-dimensional early warning unit is also configured to: When the conditions for a Level 1 warning are met, an emergency warning signal is triggered. When the conditions for a Level II warning are met but the conditions for a Level I warning are not met, a predictive warning signal is triggered.

5. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that, The preset priorities of the closed-loop linkage unit include: Upon receiving an emergency warning signal, an emergency shutdown command should be sent to the construction equipment control system first. Upon receiving a prediction and early warning signal, the system prioritizes sending the warning information to the management personnel terminal and then sends a deceleration command to the construction equipment control system after a preset delay.

6. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The dynamic threshold generation unit, connected to the dual-dimensional early warning unit, is configured to update the preset safety threshold and the preset trend threshold in real time using a finite element analysis model based on the structural parameters of the tall template, the current construction process, and environmental parameters.

7. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The environmental parameters include temperature variation, wind speed, and vibration frequency.

8. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes: A distributed sensor network consists of multiple displacement sensors, which are arranged in zones according to risk level, with high-density sensor groups arranged in high-risk areas. The synchronous acquisition module is connected to the distributed sensor network and is used to control each displacement sensor to acquire data according to a unified time reference.

9. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop linkage unit is also configured as follows: After sending the operation command, the system receives real-time status feedback information from the construction equipment. When construction equipment is detected to be not performing according to instructions, the warning level is raised and a second instruction is sent.

10. A monitoring and early warning system for safe construction of high-rise formwork in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The data tracing unit, connected to the monitoring unit and the dual-dimensional early warning unit, is configured to store the real-time displacement data, displacement change rate characteristics and early warning signals in association along the time axis, and generate a traceable early warning event chain.

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