Linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna, which belongs to the technical field of antenna manufacturing and comprises an antenna unit, an extension socket, a transmission type phase shifter and an inductor. The antenna unit comprises a radiation patch, a first dielectric substrate, a metal via hole, a metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a perforated metal floor, a third dielectric substrate, a feed metal column and a radio frequency coaxial connector, the radio frequency coaxial connector is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column, and a variable capacitance diode and a capacitor are arranged on the transmission type phase shifter. The transmission type phase shifter is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column, the variable capacitance diode is connected with the punching metal floor, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate is provided with a direct current bias line, the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission type phase shifter through the inductor, and the transmission type phase shifter is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column. According to the invention, flexible regulation and control of antenna scattering beams can be realized, and the antenna has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of antenna manufacturing, and in particular to a linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of reconfigurable technology, scattering reconfigurable antennas have developed rapidly in recent years. A commonly used method is to load variable devices to realize scattering control. Zhang Wenbo et al. proposed a design method of a 1-bit scattering reconfigurable array antenna in a published paper. The design basis is a 1-bit scattering reconfigurable antenna unit. By designing a slot on the ground plate of a traditional microstrip antenna, the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna unit can be independently controlled. By integrating a switch diode into the antenna unit, the difference in equivalent parameters of the diode in the on and off states is utilized to realize two different working states of the antenna unit. By controlling the bias voltage across the switch diode, the working state of the antenna can be switched. The antenna performance remains unchanged in the two states, but a 180° reflection phase difference is exhibited for co-polarized incident waves. By using the antenna unit and an optimization algorithm, the scattering pattern of the array antenna can be reconfigured according to the requirements. However, the design integrates a large number of switch diode devices, with four switch diodes integrated into each unit, resulting in a decrease in the radiation efficiency of the antenna array. The control of the switch diode is also complex, and the limited states of the switch diode limit the control of the antenna array scattering beam, which increases the difficulty of design.

[0003] Chinese patent application document No. CN115224481A, published on October 21, 2022, discloses a wideband OAM mode and polarization composite reconfigurable array antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate and four unit antennas. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal ground layer, and the four unit antennas are arranged on the metal ground layer to form a 2x2 array. The metal ground layer is engraved with a cross-shaped coupling slot. The lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip line layer, and the microstrip line layer is further provided with a direct current bias circuit. The dielectric substrate is connected with a reconfigurable balanced feed mechanism through the microstrip line layer. The reconfigurable balanced feed mechanism is used for feeding the unit antennas and simultaneously controlling different excitation directions of the unit antennas to produce different polarization states and initial phases.

[0004] The wideband OAM mode and polarization composite reconfigurable array antenna disclosed in the patent application document realizes stable gain, wideband, low profile, small size and high integration, and meets good polarization characteristics, standing wave characteristics and working bandwidth. However, the control of the antenna scattering beam is complex, the response speed is slow, and the radiation efficiency is low. SUMMARY

[0005] The linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna can realize flexible regulation and control of an antenna scattering beam, and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response and high radiation efficiency.

[0006] The linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna can realize flexible regulation and control of an antenna scattering beam, and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response and high radiation efficiency. A linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising an antenna unit and a row of plugs arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, a transmission type phase shifter and an inductor arranged on a third dielectric substrate, the antenna unit comprises, from top to bottom, a radiation patch, a first dielectric substrate, a metal via, a metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a perforated metal floor, a third dielectric substrate, a feed metal column and a radio frequency coaxial connector, the radio frequency coaxial connector is welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate, the radio frequency coaxial connector is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column, the transmission type phase shifter is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column, the varactor diode is connected with the perforated metal floor, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate is provided with a direct current bias line connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission type phase shifter through the inductor, the transmission type phase shifter is connected with the radiation patch through the feed metal column, and the array antenna comprises eight 1x2 sub-arrays, and the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array are connected through the transmission type phase shifter.

[0007] The inductor is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate, and the inductor is located between the direct current bias line and the feed path of the transmission type phase shifter.

[0008] The perforated metal floor is provided with a metal short circuit column, the metal short circuit column vertically penetrates the second dielectric substrate, one end of the metal short circuit column is connected with the perforated metal floor, and the other end of the metal short circuit column is connected with the metal patch.

[0009] The anode of the varactor diode is connected with the perforated metal floor through the capacitor and the metal short circuit column.

[0010] The direct current bias line is connected with the row of plugs.

[0011] The radiation patch is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate, the metal patch is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate, and the radiation patch and the metal patch are connected through the metal via.

[0012] The transmission type phase shifter is a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide.

[0013] The radiation patch is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch.

[0014] The perforated metal floor is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate.

[0015] The dielectric constant of the first medium substrate and the second medium substrate is 2.2.

[0016] The dielectric constant of the third medium substrate is 6.15.

[0017] The eight 1*2 sub-arrays are arranged in a 4*4 planar array.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application mainly manifest in the following aspects: 1、Compared with the prior art, the present application can realize flexible regulation and control of the antenna scattering beam, and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

[0019] 2、The inductor is arranged at the bottom of the third medium substrate, and is located between the DC bias line and the feed path of the transmission type phase shifter, which can effectively block the intrusion of radio frequency signals into the DC control circuit, and ensure the stable performance of the transmission type phase shifter.

[0020] 3、The metal shorting post vertically penetrates the second medium substrate, one end of the metal shorting post is connected with the perforated metal floor, and the other end of the metal shorting post is connected with the metal patch, which provides a low-impedance grounding path for the radio frequency signal, and enhances the interlayer electromagnetic shielding and structural stability.

[0021] 4、The anode of the varactor diode is connected with the perforated metal floor through the capacitor and the metal shorting post, which realizes the radio frequency grounding and DC isolation of the varactor diode, and ensures that the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be controlled by pure DC voltage.

[0022] 5、The DC bias line is connected with the power strip, which realizes efficient and reliable access of external control signals to internal circuits.

[0023] 6、The radiation patch is located on the top wall of the first medium substrate, the metal patch is located on the bottom wall of the first medium substrate, and the radiation patch and the metal patch are connected through the metal via, which can expand the bandwidth of the array antenna and improve the impedance matching characteristics through via coupling feed.

[0024] 7、The radiation patch is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch, the rectangular patch can realize basic radiation, and the E-shaped patch can effectively expand the working bandwidth of the array antenna.

[0025] 8、The perforated metal floor is etched on the top of the third medium substrate, which can reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent units by suppressing surface waves, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency and pattern quality of the antenna array.

[0026] 9. In this invention, the dielectric constant of both the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is 2.2. The specific use of low dielectric constants in the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is beneficial for obtaining a wider impedance bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency.

[0027] 10. In this invention, the dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate is 6.15. The third dielectric substrate is specifically designed to have a higher dielectric constant, which facilitates the miniaturization of the transmission line and enhances the mechanical strength of the feed structure.

[0028] 11. This invention achieves flexible control of the scattered beam of the array antenna by adjusting the DC bias voltage across the varactor diode. Specifically, the varactor diode is used as the electronic control element of the entire array antenna, which has the advantages of fast response speed, stable performance and flexible control performance.

[0029] 12. Compared with switching diodes, varactor diodes have greater controllability. By applying varactor diodes, the reconfigurable scattering performance of array antennas can be further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the 1×2 subarray structure of the antenna element of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array structure of the present invention; Figure 4 The simulation results of the reflection amplitude of the 1×2 subarray of the present invention are shown in the figure. Figure 5 The simulation results of the reflection phase of the 1×2 subarray of the present invention are shown in the figure. Figure 6 The diagram shows the monostation RCS results of the array antenna of the present invention under different conditions; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the bistatic RCS of the array antenna at 5 GHz in this invention. Figure 8 The active standing wave and 5GHz radiation pattern of the array antenna of the present invention under different states; The markings in the diagram are: 1. Radiation patch, 2. First dielectric substrate, 3. Metal via, 4. Metal patch, 5. Second dielectric substrate, 6. Perforated metal ground plane, 7. Third dielectric substrate, 8. Power supply metal post, 9. RF coaxial connector, 10. Transmission phase shifter, 11. DC bias line, 12. Varactor diode, 13. Capacitor, 14. Inductor, 15. Metal shorting post, 16. Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising an antenna unit, a row of plugs 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, and a transmission type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on a third dielectric substrate 7, the antenna unit comprises, from top to bottom, a radiation patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plate 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding metal column 8 and a radio frequency coaxial connector 9, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal ground plate 6, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a direct current bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission type phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, and the array antenna comprises eight 1x2 sub-arrays, and the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array are connected through the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0032] The embodiment is the most basic implementation, compared with the prior art, the antenna scattering beam can be flexibly controlled, and the embodiment has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

[0033] Embodiment 2 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising an antenna unit, a row of plugs 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, and a transmission type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on a third dielectric substrate 7, the antenna unit comprises, from top to bottom, a radiation patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plate 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding metal column 8 and a radio frequency coaxial connector 9, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal ground plate 6, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a direct current bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission type phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14, the transmission type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal column 8, and the array antenna comprises eight 1x2 sub-arrays, and the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array are connected through the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0034] Preferably, the inductor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission-type phase shifter 10.

[0035] The perforated metal floor 6 is provided with a metal shorting post 15 vertically penetrating the second dielectric substrate 5, one end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the metal patch 4.

[0036] The inductor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission-type phase shifter 10, which can effectively block the RF signal from entering the DC control circuit, and ensure the stable performance of the transmission-type phase shifter 10.

[0037] The metal shorting post 15 vertically penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5, one end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the metal patch 4, which provides a low-impedance grounding path for the RF signal, and enhances the interlayer electromagnetic shielding and structural stability.

[0038] Embodiment 3 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes antenna units, a row of plugs 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna units include, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal floor 6, the third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and a RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the RF coaxial connector 9 is connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feed metal post 8. The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, and the transmission-type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer. The DC bias line is connected with the transmission-type phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14. The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1x2 sub-arrays, and the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array are connected through the transmission-type phase shifter 10.

[0039] The inductor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission-type phase shifter 10.

[0040] The perforated metal floor 6 is provided with a metal shorting post 15 vertically penetrating the second dielectric substrate 5, one end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the metal patch 4.

[0041] The positive electrode of the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0042] The direct current bias line 11 is connected with the row plug 16.

[0043] In this embodiment, the positive electrode of the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15, realizing the radio frequency grounding of the varactor diode 12 and the direct current isolation, and ensuring that the value of the capacitor 13 of the varactor diode 12 can be controlled by pure direct current voltage.

[0044] The direct current bias line 11 is connected with the row plug 16, realizing the efficient and reliable access of the external control signal to the internal circuit.

[0045] Embodiment 4 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising an antenna unit, a row plug 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, a transmission type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on a third dielectric substrate 7, the antenna unit comprising, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal floor 6, the third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding metal post 8 and a radio frequency coaxial connector 9, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 being welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 being connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, the varactor diode 12 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 being provided with a direct current bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line being connected with the transmission type phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being connected with the radiating patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, the array antenna comprising eight 1x2 sub-arrays, and the scattering ports of the two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array being connected through the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0046] The inductor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the direct current bias line 11 and the feeding path of the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0047] The perforated metal floor 6 is provided with a metal short-circuit column 15 vertically penetrating the second dielectric substrate 5, one end of the metal short-circuit column 15 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit column 15 being connected with the metal patch 4.

[0048] Further preferably, the anode of the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal short-circuit column 15.

[0049] The direct current bias line 11 is connected with the row plug 16.

[0050] The radiation patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the radiation patch 1 is connected with the metal patch 4 through the metal via 3.

[0051] In this embodiment, the radiation patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the radiation patch 1 is connected with the metal patch 4 through the metal via 3, and the over-via coupling feed can expand the bandwidth of the array antenna and improve the impedance matching characteristics.

[0052] Embodiment 5 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna comprises an antenna unit, a row plug 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, a transmission type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on a third dielectric substrate 7, the antenna unit comprising, from top to bottom, a radiation patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal floor 6, the third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal column 8 and a radio frequency coaxial connector 9, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 being welded at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 being connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feed metal column 8, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feed metal column 8, the varactor diode 12 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 being provided with a direct current bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line being connected with the transmission type phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14, the transmission type phase shifter 10 being connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feed metal column 8, and the array antenna comprising eight 1x2 sub-arrays, the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array being connected through the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0053] The inductor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the direct current bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission type phase shifter 10.

[0054] The perforated metal floor 6 is provided with a metal shorting post 15 vertically penetrating the second dielectric substrate 5, one end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal shorting post 15 being connected with the metal patch 4.

[0055] The positive electrode of the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0056] The direct current bias line 11 is connected with the row plug 16.

[0057] The radiation patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the radiation patch 1 is connected with the metal patch 4 through the metal via 3.

[0058] The transmission phase shifter 10 is a microstrip line.

[0059] The radiation patch 1 is a rectangular patch.

[0060] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0061] In this embodiment, the perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7, the mutual coupling between adjacent units is reduced by suppressing surface waves, so that the overall radiation efficiency and pattern quality of the antenna array can be improved.

[0062] Embodiment 6 Referring to Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna unit, a row plug 16 arranged at the bottom end of the array antenna, a transmission phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 arranged on the third dielectric substrate 7, the antenna unit includes, from top to bottom, a radiation patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal floor 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feeding metal post 8 and a radio frequency coaxial connector 9, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is welded on the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, the radio frequency coaxial connector 9 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, the transmission phase shifter 10 is provided with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13, the transmission phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, the varactor diode 12 is connected with the perforated metal floor 6, the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a direct current bias line 11 connected with a single-chip microcomputer, the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission phase shifter 10 through the inductor 14, the transmission phase shifter 10 is connected with the radiation patch 1 through the feeding metal post 8, and the array antenna includes eight 1x2 sub-arrays, the scattering ports of two antenna units in each 1x2 sub-array are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0063] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0064] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0065] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0066] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0067] More preferably, the radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0068] The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is a coplanar waveguide.

[0069] The radiation patch 1 is an E-shaped patch.

[0070] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0071] The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are both 2.2.

[0072] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15.

[0073] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The dielectric constant of both the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 is 2.2. The first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are specifically designed with low dielectric constants, which is beneficial to obtaining a wider impedance bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency.

[0074] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15. The third dielectric substrate 7 is specifically designed with a higher dielectric constant to facilitate the miniaturization of the transmission line and enhance the mechanical strength of the feed structure.

[0075] Example 7 See Figures 1-3A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0076] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0077] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0078] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0079] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0080] The radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0081] The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is a coplanar waveguide.

[0082] The radiation patch 1 is an E-shaped patch.

[0083] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0084] The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are both 2.2.

[0085] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15.

[0086] The eight 1×2 subarrays are arranged in a 4×4 planar array.

[0087] This embodiment is the best implementation method. The scattered beam of the array antenna is flexibly controlled by adjusting the DC bias voltage across the varactor diode 12. The varactor diode 12 is specifically used as the electronic control element of the entire array antenna, which has the advantages of fast response speed, stable performance and flexible control performance.

[0088] Compared to switching diodes, varactor diode 12 has greater controllability. By applying varactor diode 12, the reconfigurable scattering performance of the array antenna can be further improved.

[0089] The basic principle of this invention is as follows: The microcontroller outputs a specific control voltage to each transmission-type phase shifter 10 via connector 16 and DC bias line 11. This control voltage is applied to the varactor diode 12 within the transmission-type phase shifter 10, and the capacitance 13 of the varactor diode 12 changes with the applied voltage. According to transmission line theory, changing the capacitance 13 integrated on the transmission line alters the phase velocity of the radio frequency signal passing through that transmission line, thus achieving continuous phase control of the signal. In each 1×2 subarray, the scattered signals from two adjacent antenna elements pass through a transmission-type phase shifter 10. When these two scattered signals radiate or scatter in space, they interfere due to their phase difference. By setting different phase differences between them using the transmission-type phase shifter 10, the directions of interference enhancement and cancellation can be controlled.

[0090] By independently controlling the phase of the transmission-type phase shifter 10 in each subarray, the scattering beam of the entire 8-subarray 4x4 array can be scanned in two-dimensional space, thus realizing the reconfigurability of scattering characteristics.

[0091] The effects of this invention are further described below with reference to simulation experiments. Specifically, the electromagnetic characteristics of the linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna based on the varactor diode 12 are analyzed as follows: See Figure 5 Simulation results show that for co-polarized incident waves, the subarray has a phase adjustable range of about 300°.

[0092] See Figure 6 Simulation results show that the monocentric RCS of the array antenna is significantly reduced under different conditions; see [link to simulation results]. Figure 7 Simulation results show that the RCS of the bistatic array antenna under the same conditions is significantly reduced within a certain angular domain; the RCS refers to the radar cross section.

[0093] SeeFigure 8 Simulation results show that the radiation performance of the array antenna remains stable under different scattering conditions.

Claims

1. A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising antenna elements and a connector (16) disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, characterized in that: It also includes a transmission phase shifter (10) and an inductor (14) disposed on a third dielectric substrate (7). The antenna unit includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch (1), a first dielectric substrate (2), a metal via (3), a metal patch (4), a second dielectric substrate (5), a perforated metal ground plane (6), a third dielectric substrate (7), a feed metal post (8), and an RF coaxial connector (9). The RF coaxial connector (9) is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate (7). The RF coaxial connector (9) is connected to the radiating patch (1) through the feed metal post (8). A varactor diode is disposed on the transmission phase shifter (10). (12) and capacitor (13), the transmission phase shifter (10) is connected to the radiating patch (1) through the feeding metal pillar (8), the varactor diode (12) is connected to the perforated metal ground plate (6), the bottom of the third dielectric substrate (7) is provided with a DC bias line (11) connected to the microcontroller, the DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter (10) through the inductor (14), the transmission phase shifter (10) is connected to the radiating patch (1) through the feeding metal pillar (8), the array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays, and the scattering ports of the two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter (10).

2. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inductor (14) is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate (7) and is located between the DC bias line (11) and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter (10).

3. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal shorting post (15) is provided on the perforated metal floor (6). The metal shorting post (15) penetrates vertically through the second dielectric substrate (5). One end of the metal shorting post (15) is connected to the perforated metal floor (6), and the other end of the metal shorting post (15) is connected to the metal patch (4).

4. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the varactor diode (12) is connected to the perforated metal ground plate (6) through a capacitor (13) and a metal short-circuit post (15).

5. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC bias line (11) is connected to the power strip (16).

6. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiating patch (1) is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate (2), and the metal patch (4) is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate (2). The radiating patch (1) and the metal patch (4) are connected through a metal via (3).

7. A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission-type phase shifter (10) is a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide.

8. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation patch (1) is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch.

9. A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated metal floor (6) is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate (7).

10. A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate (2) and the second dielectric substrate (5) are both 2.2.

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