A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a linear polarization scattering reconfigurable array antenna and belongs to the technical field of antenna manufacturing, which comprises an antenna unit, an array plug, a transmission type phase shifter and an inductor, wherein the antenna unit comprises a radiation patch, a first dielectric substrate, a metal via, a metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a perforated metal floor, a third dielectric substrate, a feeding metal column and a radio frequency coaxial connector; the radio frequency coaxial connector is connected with the radiation patch through the feeding metal column; the transmission type phase shifter is provided with a varactor diode and a capacitor and is connected with the radiation patch through the feeding metal column; the varactor diode is connected with the perforated metal floor; the bottom of the third dielectric substrate is provided with a direct current bias line; the direct current bias line is connected with the transmission type phase shifter through the inductor; and the transmission type phase shifter is connected with the radiation patch through the feeding metal column. The application can realize flexible regulation and control of the antenna scattering beam and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna manufacturing technology, and in particular to a linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of reconfigurable technology, scattering reconfigurable antennas have developed rapidly in recent years. A commonly used method is to load variable devices to achieve scattering control. Zhang Wenbo et al. proposed a design method for a 1-bit scattering reconfigurable array antenna in their published paper. Its design is based on a 1-bit scattering reconfigurable antenna element. By slotting the traditional microstrip antenna ground plane, the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna element can be independently controlled. By integrating a switching diode into the antenna element, the difference in equivalent parameters between the diode's on and off states is used to achieve two different operating states of the antenna element. The switching of the antenna operating state can be achieved by controlling the bias voltage across the switching diode. The antenna radiation performance remains unchanged in both states, but a 180° reflection phase difference is observed for incident waves with the same polarization. Using this antenna element, through optimization algorithms, the scattering pattern of the array antenna can be reconfigurably controlled according to requirements. However, this design integrates a large number of switching diode devices, with four switching diodes integrated in each unit. This leads to a reduction in the radiation efficiency of the antenna array, and the control of the switching diodes is also quite complex. Furthermore, the limited states of the switching diodes restrict the modulation state of the scattered beam of the antenna array. It is necessary to determine the state of each unit of the array antenna through optimization algorithms, which increases the design difficulty.

[0003] Chinese patent application document with publication number CN115224481A and publication date of October 21, 2022 discloses a broadband OAM mode and polarization composite reconfigurable array antenna, including a dielectric substrate and four element antennas. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal ground layer. The four element antennas are all arranged on the metal ground layer to form a 2×2 array. The metal ground layer is engraved with cross-shaped coupling slots.

[0004] The lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip line layer, and a DC bias circuit is also provided on the microstrip line layer. The dielectric substrate is connected to a reconfigurable balanced feeding mechanism through the microstrip line layer. The reconfigurable balanced feeding mechanism is used to feed the unit antenna and simultaneously control the application of different excitation directions to the unit antenna to generate different polarization states and initial phases.

[0005] The broadband OAM mode and polarization composite reconfigurable array antenna disclosed in this patent application achieves stable gain, broadband, low profile, small size and high integration, and satisfies good polarization characteristics, standing wave ratio and operating bandwidth. However, the control of the antenna's scattered beam is relatively complex, the response speed is slow and the radiation efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna. The present invention can realize flexible control of the antenna scattering beam and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission phase shifter and an inductor mounted on a third dielectric substrate. The antenna element comprises, from top to bottom, a radiating patch, a first dielectric substrate, a metal via, a metal patch, a second dielectric substrate, a perforated metal ground plane, a third dielectric substrate, a feed metal post, and an RF coaxial connector. The RF coaxial connector is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate and connected to the radiating patch via the feed metal post. The transmission phase shifter has a varactor diode and a capacitor mounted on it and is connected to the radiating patch via the feed metal post. The varactor diode is connected to the perforated metal ground plane. A DC bias line connected to a microcontroller is located at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate and is connected to the transmission phase shifter via an inductor. The transmission phase shifter is connected to the radiating patch via the feed metal post. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays, and the scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected via the transmission phase shifter.

[0009] The inductor is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate, and is located between the DC bias line and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter.

[0010] A metal short-circuit post is provided on the perforated metal floor. The metal short-circuit post penetrates vertically through the second dielectric substrate. One end of the metal short-circuit post is connected to the perforated metal floor, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post is connected to a metal patch.

[0011] The positive terminal of the varactor diode is connected to the perforated metal ground plane via a capacitor and a metal short-circuit post.

[0012] The DC bias line is connected to the power strip.

[0013] The radiating patch is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate, and the metal patch is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate. The radiating patch and the metal patch are connected through metal vias.

[0014] The transmission-type phase shifter is a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide.

[0015] The radiating patch is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch.

[0016] The perforated metal floor is etched on top of the third dielectric substrate.

[0017] The dielectric constants of both the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are 2.2.

[0018] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate is 6.15.

[0019] The eight 1×2 subarrays are arranged in a 4×4 planar array.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0021] 1. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve flexible control of the antenna scattering beam, and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

[0022] 2. In this invention, the inductor is located at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate and between the DC bias line and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter. This effectively blocks radio frequency signals from entering the DC control circuit and ensures the stable performance of the transmission phase shifter.

[0023] 3. In this invention, a metal short-circuit post vertically penetrates the second dielectric substrate. One end of the metal short-circuit post is connected to a perforated metal ground plane, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post is connected to a metal patch, providing a low-impedance grounding path for radio frequency signals while enhancing interlayer electromagnetic shielding and structural stability.

[0024] 4. In this invention, the positive terminal of the varactor diode is connected to a perforated metal ground via a capacitor and a metal short-circuit post, thereby achieving radio frequency grounding and DC isolation of the varactor diode and ensuring that the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be controlled by pure DC voltage.

[0025] 5. In this invention, the DC bias line is connected to the power strip, which enables efficient and reliable access of external control signals to the internal circuit.

[0026] 6. In this invention, the radiating patch is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate, and the metal patch is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate. The radiating patch and the metal patch are connected through metal vias. Power is fed through the vias, which can expand the bandwidth of the array antenna and improve the impedance matching characteristics.

[0027] 7. In this invention, the radiating patch is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch. The rectangular patch can achieve basic radiation, while the E-shaped patch can effectively broaden the operating bandwidth of the array antenna.

[0028] 8. In this invention, a perforated metal ground plane is etched on the top of a third dielectric substrate. By suppressing surface waves, the mutual coupling between adjacent units is reduced, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency and radiation pattern quality of the antenna array.

[0029] 9. In this invention, the dielectric constant of both the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is 2.2. The specific use of low dielectric constants in the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is beneficial for obtaining a wider impedance bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency.

[0030] 10. In this invention, the dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate is 6.15. The third dielectric substrate is specifically designed to have a higher dielectric constant, which facilitates the miniaturization of the transmission line and enhances the mechanical strength of the feed structure.

[0031] 11. This invention achieves flexible control of the scattered beam of the array antenna by adjusting the DC bias voltage across the varactor diode. Specifically, the varactor diode is used as the electronic control element of the entire array antenna, which has the advantages of fast response speed, stable performance and flexible control performance.

[0032] 12. Compared with switching diodes, varactor diodes have greater controllability. By applying varactor diodes, the reconfigurable scattering performance of array antennas can be further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0034] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the 1×2 subarray structure of the antenna element of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 The simulation results of the reflection amplitude of the 1×2 subarray of the present invention are shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 5 The simulation results of the reflection phase of the 1×2 subarray of the present invention are shown in the figure.

[0039] Figure 6 The diagram shows the monostation RCS results of the array antenna of the present invention under different conditions;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the bistatic RCS of the array antenna at 5 GHz in this invention.

[0041] Figure 8 The active standing wave and 5GHz radiation pattern of the array antenna of the present invention under different states;

[0042] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Radiation patch, 2. First dielectric substrate, 3. Metal via, 4. Metal patch, 5. Second dielectric substrate, 6. Perforated metal ground plane, 7. Third dielectric substrate, 8. Power supply metal post, 9. RF coaxial connector, 10. Transmission phase shifter, 11. DC bias line, 12. Varactor diode, 13. Capacitor, 14. Inductor, 15. Metal shorting post, 16. Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Example 1

[0044] See Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0045] This embodiment is the most basic implementation method. Compared with the prior art, it can achieve flexible control of the antenna scattering beam and has the characteristics of flexible control, fast response speed and high radiation efficiency.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] See Figures 1-3A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0048] Preferably, the inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0049] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0050] This embodiment is a preferred implementation. The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7. The inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the power supply path of the transmission phase shifter 10, which can effectively block the radio frequency signal from entering the DC control circuit and ensure the stable performance of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0051] The metal shorting post 15 penetrates vertically through the second dielectric substrate 5. One end of the metal shorting post 15 is connected to the perforated metal ground plane 6, and the other end of the metal shorting post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4, providing a low-impedance grounding path for radio frequency signals, while enhancing interlayer electromagnetic shielding and structural stability.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] See Figures 1-3A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0054] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0055] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0056] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0057] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0058] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal short-circuit post 15, so as to realize the radio frequency grounding and DC isolation of the varactor diode 12 and ensure that the capacitance 13 value of the varactor diode 12 can be controlled by pure DC voltage.

[0059] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the connector 16, enabling efficient and reliable access of external control signals to the internal circuit.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] See Figures 1-3A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0062] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0063] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0064] More preferably, the positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal short-circuit post 15.

[0065] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0066] The radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0067] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3. Through the via coupling power, the bandwidth of the array antenna can be extended and the impedance matching characteristics can be improved.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] See Figures 1-3A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0070] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0071] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0072] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0073] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0074] The radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0075] The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is a microstrip line.

[0076] The radiation patch 1 is a rectangular patch.

[0077] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0078] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The perforated metal ground plate 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7. By suppressing surface waves, the mutual coupling between adjacent units is reduced, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency and radiation pattern quality of the antenna array.

[0079] Example 6

[0080] See Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0081] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0082] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0083] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0084] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0085] More preferably, the radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0086] The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is a coplanar waveguide.

[0087] The radiation patch 1 is an E-shaped patch.

[0088] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0089] The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are both 2.2.

[0090] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15.

[0091] This embodiment is another preferred implementation. The dielectric constant of both the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 is 2.2. The first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are specifically designed with low dielectric constants, which is beneficial to obtaining a wider impedance bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency.

[0092] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15. The third dielectric substrate 7 is specifically designed with a higher dielectric constant to facilitate the miniaturization of the transmission line and enhance the mechanical strength of the feed structure.

[0093] Example 7

[0094] See Figures 1-3 A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna includes an antenna element, a connector 16 disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, and a transmission-type phase shifter 10 and an inductor 14 disposed on a third dielectric substrate 7. The antenna element includes, from top to bottom, a radiating patch 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a metal via 3, a metal patch 4, a second dielectric substrate 5, a perforated metal ground plane 6, a third dielectric substrate 7, a feed metal post 8, and an RF coaxial connector 9. The RF coaxial connector 9 is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 and is connected to the radiating patch 1 via the feed metal post 8. The transmission... The transmission phase shifter 10 is equipped with a varactor diode 12 and a capacitor 13. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6. The bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a DC bias line 11 connected to the microcontroller. The DC bias line is connected to the transmission phase shifter 10 via an inductor 14. The transmission phase shifter 10 is connected to the radiating patch 1 via a feed metal post 8. The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0095] The inductor 14 is disposed at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the inductor 14 is located between the DC bias line 11 and the feed path of the transmission phase shifter 10.

[0096] A metal short-circuit post 15 is provided on the perforated metal floor 6. The metal short-circuit post 15 penetrates the second dielectric substrate 5 vertically. One end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the perforated metal floor 6, and the other end of the metal short-circuit post 15 is connected to the metal patch 4.

[0097] The positive terminal of the varactor diode 12 is connected to the perforated metal ground plate 6 through the capacitor 13 and the metal shorting post 15.

[0098] The DC bias line 11 is connected to the power strip 16.

[0099] The radiating patch 1 is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate 2, and the metal patch 4 is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate 2. The radiating patch 1 and the metal patch 4 are connected through a metal via 3.

[0100] The transmission-type phase shifter 10 is a coplanar waveguide.

[0101] The radiation patch 1 is an E-shaped patch.

[0102] The perforated metal floor 6 is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate 7.

[0103] The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 5 are both 2.2.

[0104] The dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate 7 is 6.15.

[0105] The eight 1×2 subarrays are arranged in a 4×4 planar array.

[0106] This embodiment is the best implementation method. The scattered beam of the array antenna is flexibly controlled by adjusting the DC bias voltage across the varactor diode 12. The varactor diode 12 is specifically used as the electronic control element of the entire array antenna, which has the advantages of fast response speed, stable performance and flexible control performance.

[0107] Compared to switching diodes, varactor diode 12 has greater controllability. By applying varactor diode 12, the reconfigurable scattering performance of the array antenna can be further improved.

[0108] The basic principle of this invention is as follows:

[0109] The microcontroller outputs a specific control voltage to each transmission-type phase shifter 10 via connector 16 and DC bias line 11. This control voltage is applied to the varactor diode 12 within the transmission-type phase shifter 10, and the capacitance 13 of the varactor diode 12 changes with the applied voltage. According to transmission line theory, changing the capacitance 13 integrated on the transmission line alters the phase velocity of the radio frequency signal passing through that transmission line, thus achieving continuous phase control of the signal. In each 1×2 subarray, the scattered signals from two adjacent antenna elements pass through a transmission-type phase shifter 10. When these two scattered signals radiate or scatter in space, they interfere due to their phase difference. By setting different phase differences between them using the transmission-type phase shifter 10, the directions of interference enhancement and cancellation can be controlled.

[0110] By independently controlling the phase of the transmission phase shifter 10 in each subarray, the scattering beam of the entire 8-subarray 4x4 array can be scanned in two-dimensional space, thus realizing the reconfigurability of scattering characteristics.

[0111] The effects of this invention are further described below with reference to simulation experiments. Specifically, the electromagnetic characteristics of the linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna based on the varactor diode 12 are analyzed as follows:

[0112] See Figure 5 Simulation results show that for co-polarized incident waves, the subarray has a phase adjustable range of about 300°.

[0113] See Figure 6 Simulation results show that the monostatic RCS of the array antenna is significantly reduced under different conditions; see [link to simulation results]. Figure 7 Simulation results show that the RCS of the bistatic array antenna under the same conditions is significantly reduced within a certain angular domain; the RCS refers to the radar cross section.

[0114] See Figure 8 Simulation results show that the radiation performance of the array antenna remains stable under different scattering conditions.

Claims

1. A linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna, comprising antenna elements and a connector (16) disposed at the bottom of the array antenna, characterized in that: It also includes a transmission phase shifter (10) and an inductor (14) disposed on the third dielectric substrate (7). The transmission phase shifter (10) is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate (7). The antenna unit includes a radiating patch (1), a first dielectric substrate (2), a metal via (3), a metal patch (4), a second dielectric substrate (5), a perforated metal ground plate (6), a third dielectric substrate (7), a feed metal post (8), and an RF coaxial connector (9) stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The perforated metal ground plate (6) is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (7). The RF coaxial connector (9) is soldered to the bottom of the third dielectric substrate (7). One end of one feed metal post (8) is connected to the radiating patch (1), and the other end is connected to the RF coaxial connector (9). One end of the other feed metal post (8) is connected to the radiating patch (1), and the other end is connected to the transmission phase shifter (10). The transmission phase shifter (10) is provided with a variable capacitance. A diode (12) and a capacitor (13) are provided. The varactor diode (12) is connected to a perforated metal ground plane (6). A DC bias line (11) connected to a microcontroller is provided at the bottom of the third dielectric substrate (7). The DC bias line is connected to a transmission phase shifter (10) through an inductor (14). The array antenna includes eight 1×2 subarrays. The scattering ports of two antenna elements in each 1×2 subarray are connected through a transmission phase shifter (10). The perforated metal ground plane (6) A metal short-circuit post (15) is provided on the first dielectric substrate (2), the metal short-circuit post (15) penetrates vertically through the second dielectric substrate (5), one end of the metal short-circuit post (15) is connected to the perforated metal floor (6), and the other end of the metal short-circuit post (15) is connected to the metal patch (4); the radiating patch (1) is located on the top wall of the first dielectric substrate (2), the metal patch (4) is located on the bottom wall of the first dielectric substrate (2), and the radiating patch (1) and the metal patch (4) are connected through a metal via (3).

2. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the varactor diode (12) is connected to the perforated metal ground plate (6) through a capacitor (13) and a metal short-circuit post (15).

3. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC bias line (11) is connected to the power strip (16).

4. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission-type phase shifter (10) is a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide.

5. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation patch (1) is a rectangular patch or an E-shaped patch.

6. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated metal floor (6) is etched on the top of the third dielectric substrate (7).

7. The linearly polarized scattering reconfigurable array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate (2) and the second dielectric substrate (5) are both 2.2.

Images