Patch antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a patch antenna and a vehicle, and the patch antenna comprises a substrate which is rectangular, the bottom surface of the substrate is grounded, and at least two metal rectangular patches are sequentially arranged on the top surface of the substrate in the direction of the wide edge of the substrate in a manner of being parallel to the long edge of the substrate; the long side, parallel to the long side of the substrate, in the at least two metal rectangular patches is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the wide sides, parallel to the wide side direction of the substrate, in all the metal rectangular patches is smaller than the wide side of the substrate; a gap is formed between every two adjacent metal rectangular patches and is used for changing a current path flowing through the substrate; the positions of the gaps are related to the arrangement positions of the two adjacent metal rectangular patches on the substrate and the sizes of the rectangular wide edges of the two metal rectangular patches. The current path is changed through the gaps among the metal rectangular patches, so that the radiation direction is adjusted, a directional diagram is radiated towards the normal direction, the signal receiving and transmitting efficiency is improved, and interference and noise are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly to a patch antenna and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Many external planar antennas on the market are omnidirectional, covering a full 360° azimuth field of view. These antennas are inexpensive and suitable for a variety of applications. However, when these antennas are placed on different mounting surfaces (such as walls or metal surfaces), impedance mismatch may occur, and the radiation pattern may also change. This may require additional matching circuitry to adapt to different mounting surfaces, but this can degrade antenna performance.

[0003] An alternative approach is to design a directional antenna whose impedance matching is unaffected by the mounting surface. This antenna should have a single beam to cover the desired detection area. Furthermore, the antenna design should remain simple, have a low profile, and be cost-effective to manufacture.

[0004] This traditional directional antenna design radiates towards the normal direction in a certain frequency band, but in higher-order modes, the radiation pattern does not radiate towards the normal direction, resulting in a significant reduction in effective gain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a patch antenna and vehicle to achieve radiation direction oriented towards the normal direction in higher-order modes.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a patch antenna is provided, comprising:

[0007] The substrate is rectangular, with its bottom surface grounded and at least two metal rectangular patches arranged sequentially on its top surface along the width of the substrate in a manner parallel to the length of the substrate.

[0008] In at least two metal rectangular patches, the long side parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the wide sides of all metal rectangular patches parallel to the wide side of the substrate is smaller than the wide side of the substrate.

[0009] A gap is formed between two adjacent rectangular metal patches, and the gap is used to change the current path flowing through the substrate;

[0010] The location of the gap is related to the arrangement of two adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches.

[0011] Furthermore, the gaps formed between two adjacent rectangular metal patches that are close to the first long side of the substrate are located close to the first long side.

[0012] In two adjacent metal rectangular patches, the width of the first metal rectangular patch is shorter than the width of the second metal rectangular patch, and the resulting gap is located close to the long side of the substrate where the first metal rectangular patch is located.

[0013] Two adjacent rectangular metal patches are arranged along the central axis of the substrate, and the resulting gap is located on the central axis.

[0014] Furthermore, the position of the gap has different effects on the current path flowing through the substrate, and the frequency values ​​that can be received are also different.

[0015] The different frequency values ​​that can be received by different gaps constitute at least one frequency band range of the received bandwidth.

[0016] Furthermore, at least one metal rectangular patch has symmetrically formed grooves on its long side;

[0017] The groove is used to superimpose and change the current path flowing through the substrate.

[0018] Furthermore, at least one metal rectangular patch has uniformly distributed vias along its edge;

[0019] The vias are used to superimpose changes to the basic current path and to perform multi-band matching.

[0020] Furthermore, a power feeding structure is provided on one long side of the substrate;

[0021] A rectangular metal patch of equal length, whose length is equal to that of the long side of the substrate, is fixed at the long side of the substrate adjacent to the side surface.

[0022] The equal-length metal rectangular patch has through holes evenly distributed around its perimeter.

[0023] The rectangular metal patch is welded to the power supply structure via a coaxial cable, and the welding position is masked.

[0024] Furthermore, rectangular parasitic patches are arranged at the edges of the two substrates in a manner parallel to the wide sides of the substrate.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle comprising a patch antenna as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Furthermore, the patch antenna is externally connected to the vehicle's antenna input terminal via a coaxial cable;

[0027] Alternatively, the patch antenna can be embedded via a microstrip line installed on the vehicle.

[0028] The technical solution of this invention includes a patch antenna comprising: a substrate, the substrate being rectangular, with its bottom surface grounded, and at least two rectangular metal patches sequentially arranged on its top surface along the width of the substrate, parallel to the long side of the substrate; the long side of each of the at least two rectangular metal patches parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the widths of all the rectangular metal patches parallel to the width of the substrate is less than the width of the substrate; a gap is formed between adjacent rectangular metal patches, the gap being used to change the current path flowing through the substrate; the position of the gap is related to the arrangement position of the adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches. By changing the current path through the gaps between multiple rectangular metal patches, the radiation direction is adjusted, radiating the radiation pattern towards the normal direction, improving signal reception and transmission efficiency, and reducing interference and noise.

[0029] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of a patch antenna provided according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a scattering parameter diagram of a patch antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is an azimuth radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 2.45 GHz according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is an azimuth radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 5.45 GHz according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is the elevation radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 2.45 GHz according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7This is the elevation radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 5.45 GHz according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is an antenna gain-frequency relationship diagram of a patch antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle that implements an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the patch antenna includes:

[0044] A rectangular substrate has its bottom surface grounded and its top surface arranged with at least two rectangular metal patches parallel to its long side along the width of the substrate. The long side of each of the at least two rectangular metal patches parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the widths of all the rectangular metal patches parallel to the width of the substrate is less than the width of the substrate. A gap is formed between adjacent rectangular metal patches to change the current path flowing through the substrate. The position of the gap is related to the arrangement of the adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches.

[0045] In this embodiment, the substrate can be understood as the basic material in antenna design that can support antenna elements and realize electromagnetic wave radiation and reception functions. It plays a crucial role in fields such as wireless communication, radar, and satellite navigation. For example, according to function and application, it can be divided into conductive substrates and non-conductive substrates. Conductive substrates are mainly used to realize the conduction function of the antenna, such as metal substrates and graphene substrates, which can effectively improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Non-conductive substrates are used to provide good dielectric properties, such as ceramic substrates and polyimide substrates, which can meet the requirements of dielectric constant and dielectric loss in antenna design. The metal rectangular patch can be understood as a rectangular metal sheet that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves through electromagnetic coupling between the metal sheet and the substrate. When a signal is fed into the metal rectangular patch, an alternating current is generated on the patch, which in turn excites an electromagnetic field in the surrounding space to realize the radiation of electromagnetic waves. Conversely, when external electromagnetic waves act on the metal rectangular patch, a current is induced on the patch, thereby realizing the reception of signals. It has good directionality and can concentrate the radiated energy in a specific direction, improving the efficiency and quality of signal transmission. With its low profile and thin overall thickness, the antenna does not take up too much space, making it suitable for applications with high space requirements, such as various portable wireless communication devices.

[0046] In this embodiment, the gap can be understood as the gap left between two rectangular metal patches at a certain distance. The current path can be understood as the path that current travels on the substrate.

[0047] Specifically, a patch antenna can consist of two parts: first, a substrate, which can be rectangular in shape, with its bottom surface grounded. At least two rectangular metal patches are sequentially arranged on the top surface of the substrate along the width direction of the substrate, parallel to the long side of the substrate. The long side of the at least two rectangular metal patches parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate. The sum of the widths of all the rectangular metal patches parallel to the width direction of the substrate is less than the width of the substrate. That is, the two rectangular metal patches are placed on the top surface of the substrate, and the size of the two rectangular metal patches is smaller than the overall size of the substrate. The size and shape of the rectangular metal patches can be the same or different, and can be set according to the actual frequency band requirements. The main rectangular metal patch can be set in the middle position relative to the substrate. A certain distance is left between two adjacent rectangular metal patches to form a gap. The gap is used to change the current path flowing through the substrate. By cutting the current path of the original patch through the gap, the current is forced to detour. By adjusting the current distribution, introducing multiple resonant points, and optimizing radiation characteristics (such as radiation direction and radiation intensity), the antenna performance is improved. The position of the gap is related to the arrangement position of the two adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches. For example, when two metal rectangular patches have the same width and the same length, meaning they are identical in shape and size, they radiate outwards around the two metal rectangular patches at low frequencies, but their radiation intensity is weaker at high frequencies.

[0048] The technical solution of this invention includes a patch antenna comprising: a substrate, the substrate being rectangular, with its bottom surface grounded, and at least two rectangular metal patches sequentially arranged on its top surface along the width of the substrate, parallel to the long side of the substrate; the long side of each of the at least two rectangular metal patches parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the widths of all the rectangular metal patches parallel to the width of the substrate is less than the width of the substrate; a gap is formed between adjacent rectangular metal patches, the gap being used to change the current path flowing through the substrate; the position of the gap is related to the arrangement position of the adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches. By changing the current path through the gaps between multiple rectangular metal patches, the radiation direction is adjusted, radiating the radiation pattern towards the normal direction, improving signal reception and transmission efficiency, and reducing interference and noise.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the gaps formed by two adjacent metal rectangular patches being close to the first long side of the substrate are close to the first long side; the width of the first metal rectangular patch is shorter than the width of the second metal rectangular patch, and the gaps formed are close to the long side of the substrate where the first metal rectangular patch is located; the two adjacent metal rectangular patches are respectively arranged along the central axis of the substrate, and the gaps formed are located on the central axis.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first long side can be understood as the side of the metal rectangular patch that is closer to the substrate. The first metal rectangular patch can be understood as a metal rectangular patch with a short wide side. The second metal rectangular patch can be understood as a metal rectangular patch with a long wide side. Patches of different shapes will excite independent resonant frequencies. The wider metal rectangular patch dominates the low-frequency resonance, while the narrower metal rectangular patch covers the high-frequency resonance. The central axis can be understood as a reference line that is symmetrical about the center of the substrate.

[0051] Specifically, the location of the gap will vary depending on the shape and position of the two metal rectangular patches on the substrate. When two adjacent metal rectangular patches are not located in the center of the substrate, since their lengths are the same but their widths may be the same or different, the adjacent metal rectangular patches will be closer to one of the long sides of the substrate, and the resulting gap will be closer to the first long side. When the two adjacent metal rectangular patches are the same length but have different widths, the wider metal rectangular patch can be called the second metal rectangular patch, and the narrower one the first metal rectangular patch. In this case, the gap will be closer to the long side of the substrate where the narrower first metal rectangular patch is located. When two adjacent metal rectangular patches are arranged along the central axis of the substrate, the gap coincides with the central axis.

[0052] For example, a specific example can be used to illustrate the structure of a patch antenna. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the patch antenna includes: a substrate, three metal rectangular patches, two pairs of grooves, vias, and rectangular parasitic patches. The uppermost metal rectangular patch is the first metal rectangular patch, the middle metal rectangular patch is the second metal rectangular patch, and the portion left between the first and second metal rectangular patches is the gap.

[0053] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the position of the gap has different effects on the current path flowing through the substrate, and the frequency values ​​that can be received are also different; the different frequency values ​​that can be received by different gaps constitute at least one frequency band range of the received bandwidth.

[0054] In this embodiment, the frequency band range can be understood as the frequency band in which the patch antenna can work normally.

[0055] Specifically, the position of the gap has different effects on the current path flowing through the substrate. For example, as described above, the gap has the weakest effect when it is close to the first long side, i.e., it is closest to the metal rectangular patch. The gap at the central axis has a stronger effect than the previous one, while the gap closest to the first metal rectangular patch has the greatest effect, and the frequency values ​​that can be received are also different. The different frequency values ​​that can be received by different gaps constitute at least one frequency band range of the received bandwidth, such as a low-frequency band of 2.4-2.5GHz and a high-frequency band of 5.15-5.85GHz. By setting gaps, multi-resonant point excitation can be achieved, and the gap structure connects two resonant points through coupling effect. The effective current path is extended by the gap, and the fundamental frequency is reduced (suitable for miniaturized design), so that the high-frequency current is concentrated at the edge of the small patch, enhancing the high-frequency radiation efficiency and forming a continuous broadband response.

[0056] Furthermore, at least one metal rectangular patch has symmetrically formed grooves on its long side; the grooves are used to superimpose and change the current path flowing through the substrate.

[0057] In this embodiment, the groove can be understood as a part with a certain size and shape set on a metal rectangular patch, such as a rectangle.

[0058] Specifically, grooves can be symmetrically formed on the long side of the main metal rectangular patch. The axis of symmetry of the grooves is perpendicular to the central axis mentioned above. The grooves can be symmetrically formed at both ends of the metal rectangular patch along the axis of symmetry. Each groove has a certain distance relative to the wide side of the metal rectangular patch. The current path flowing through the substrate is changed by stacking the grooves.

[0059] For example, Figure 2 The two grooves can be U-shaped grooves with a certain depth on the long edge of the metal rectangular patch in the middle position, or two rectangular grooves with a certain depth set on the lower long side.

[0060] Furthermore, at least one metal rectangular patch has uniformly distributed vias along its edge;

[0061] The vias are used to superimpose changes to the basic current path and to perform multi-band matching.

[0062] In this embodiment, a via is a channel used to achieve electrical connection between different layers. The function of a via varies depending on its location.

[0063] Specifically, at least one metal rectangular patch has uniformly distributed vias along its edge;

[0064] The vias are used to superimpose and change the current path flowing through the basic circuit, and two vias are opened at the groove position of the metal rectangular patch to match the two frequency bands.

[0065] For example, Figure 2 The topmost metal rectangular patch has evenly distributed vias on its upper, left, and right edges. The middle metal rectangular patch has evenly distributed vias on its left, right, and lower edges. Additionally, two vias are located below the groove of the middle metal rectangular patch to allow for matching of two frequency bands. For example, in this example, matching of the 2.4-2.5GHz band and the 5.15-5.85GHz band can be provided.

[0066] Furthermore, a power feeding structure is provided on one long side of the substrate; a metal rectangular patch of equal length with the same length as the long side of the substrate is fixed at the long side of the substrate adjacent to the side; through holes are uniformly formed around the perimeter of the metal rectangular patch of equal length.

[0067] In this embodiment, the feeding structure can be understood as the key part that transmits the radio frequency signal from the source to the antenna radiating patch. The equal-length metal rectangular patch can be understood as a metal rectangular patch with the same length as the substrate.

[0068] Specifically, a power feeding structure is provided on one long side of the substrate, and a metal rectangular patch of equal length with the same length as the long side of the substrate is fixed at the side adjacent to the long side of the substrate; through holes are uniformly formed around the perimeter of the metal rectangular patch of equal length.

[0069] For example, Figure 2 The metal rectangular patch at the bottom of the substrate is an equal-length metal rectangular patch. Uniformly distributed vias are provided on the edge of the equal-length metal rectangular patch to make the beamwidth of the radiation pattern wider.

[0070] The rectangular metal patch is welded to the power supply structure via a coaxial cable, and the welding position is masked.

[0071] In this embodiment, a coaxial cable can be understood as a cable with two concentric conductors, and the conductors and shielding layer share the same axis. The mask at the soldering position mainly refers to the solder resist layer and the solder paste layer. The solder resist layer prevents solder from contaminating areas that do not require soldering, while the solder paste layer ensures that solder paste is only present at designated pad locations. Both work together to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the soldering process.

[0072] Specifically, the metal rectangular patch is welded to the power supply structure arranged on the long side of the substrate via a coaxial cable, and the welding position is masked to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the welding.

[0073] In this embodiment, rectangular parasitic patches are arranged at the edges of the two substrates in a manner parallel to the wide sides of the substrate.

[0074] In this embodiment, the rectangular parasitic patch can be understood as a rectangular parasitic patch used in the antenna structure. The parasitic patch itself does not directly connect to the feed line to obtain energy, but generates induced current through electromagnetic coupling with the active element or other radiating elements, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna.

[0075] Specifically, rectangular parasitic patches are arranged parallel to the wide sides of the substrate at the edges of the two substrates. Figure 2 The two rectangular parasitic patches located on both sides can further increase the bandwidth and gain beamwidth in the low-frequency band.

[0076] The technical solution of this invention uses multiple metal patch antennas to form gaps, combined with vias and grooves on the metal patch antennas to change the current path, thereby adjusting the radiation direction and radiating the radiation pattern towards the normal direction. It can cover two required bandwidths. Furthermore, by adding two rectangular parasitic antennas on the left and right sides of the patch antennas, the 2.45GHz bandwidth and gain beamwidth are further increased. The impedance bandwidth is adjusted to ensure good matching in the dual-band, so as to ensure suitability for in-cabin communication or detection scenarios and meet performance requirements.

[0077] For example, for Figure 2 Analyzing the example patch antenna structure yields S-parameter plots, radiation patterns at different azimuth angles, and a graph showing the relationship between antenna gain and frequency. Figure 3 The scattering S-parameter diagram of a patch antenna provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the patch antenna can provide two frequency bands, namely 2.4-2.5GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz. The impedance bandwidth coverage in the two frequency bands is as follows: 5.15-5.85GHz band, |S11| (the lower the value, the better the matching) ≤ -10dB; 2.4-2.5GHz band, |S11| ≤ -8dB. It is suitable for in-cabin communication or detection scenarios and meets the frequency range of return loss specifications.

[0078] Furthermore, the azimuth and elevation radiation patterns of the external patch antenna in the two frequency bands can be displayed. Figures 4-5 The images show the azimuth radiation patterns at 2.45 GHz and 5.45 GHz, respectively. Figure 4 The azimuth radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 2.45 GHz provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below. Figure 4As shown, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the main lobe amplitude is 2.63 dBi. The main lobe amplitude refers to the maximum signal strength or energy concentration within the main lobe region of the antenna gain pattern. The main lobe is the most prominent part of the beam pattern, representing the main direction of signal propagation. The main lobe direction is 0.0 degrees, which is the direction of the main lobe in the antenna radiation pattern. The main lobe, also called the main beam, is the lobe in the antenna radiation pattern that contains the direction of maximum radiation. The angular width (3 dB) is 128.6 degrees, and the sidelobe level is -5.7 dB. Figure 5 The azimuth radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 5.45 GHz provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the frequency is 5.45 GHz, the main lobe amplitude is 1.87 dBi, the main lobe direction is 0.0 deg, the angular width (3 dB) is 85.0 deg, and the side lobe level is -14.5 dB.

[0079] Furthermore, the azimuth and elevation radiation patterns of the external patch antenna in the two frequency bands can be displayed. Figures 6-7 The images show the elevation radiation patterns at 2.45 GHz and 5.45 GHz, respectively. Figure 6 The elevation radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 2.45 GHz provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the main lobe amplitude is 2.68 dBi, the main lobe direction is 2.0 deg, the angular width (3 dB) is 39.7 deg, and the side lobe level is -2.7 dB. Figure 7 The elevation radiation pattern of a patch antenna at 5.45 GHz provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the frequency is 5.45 GHz, the main lobe amplitude is 3.33 dBi, the main lobe direction is -21.0 degrees, the angular width (3 dB) is 125.6 degrees, and the side lobe level is -8.2 dB.

[0080] Furthermore, the relationship between antenna gain and frequency can be determined for external patch antennas. Figure 8 This is a graph showing the antenna gain-frequency relationship of a patch antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents antenna gain. The graph shows that the gain is approximately 0–3 dBi in the 2.4–2.5 GHz band and the 5.15–5.85 GHz band.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the vehicle includes a patch antenna 91 and an antenna access terminal 92. The patch antenna 91 is externally connected to the vehicle's antenna access terminal 92 via a coaxial cable 93; alternatively, the patch antenna 91 can be embedded via a microstrip line installed on the vehicle. The example shown above illustrates an external connection type, where the coaxial cable directly feeds power to the patch antenna 91. Furthermore, the patch antenna can also be equipped with an SMA connector for cable connection. This patch antenna 91 is also suitable for embedded applications, allowing direct connection to other circuits, such as chips and other electronic components, via microstrip lines.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, characterized in that, include: The substrate is rectangular, with its bottom surface grounded and at least two metal rectangular patches arranged sequentially on its top surface along the width of the substrate in a manner parallel to the length of the substrate. In at least two of the metal rectangular patches, the long side parallel to the long side of the substrate is smaller than the long side of the substrate, and the sum of the wide sides of all the metal rectangular patches parallel to the wide side of the substrate is smaller than the wide side of the substrate. A gap is formed between two adjacent rectangular metal patches, and the gap is used to change the current path flowing through the substrate; The location of the gap is related to the arrangement of two adjacent rectangular metal patches on the substrate and the size of the rectangular width of the two rectangular metal patches.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap between two adjacent rectangular metal patches that are close to the first long side of the substrate is located close to the first long side. In two adjacent metal rectangular patches, the width of the first metal rectangular patch is shorter than the width of the second metal rectangular patch, and the resulting gap is located close to the long side of the substrate where the first metal rectangular patch is located. Two adjacent rectangular metal patches are arranged along the central axis of the substrate, and the resulting gap is located on the central axis.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The location of the gap has different effects on the current path flowing through the substrate, and the frequency value that can be received is also different. The different frequency values ​​that can be received by different gaps constitute at least one frequency band range of the received bandwidth.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one metal rectangular patch has symmetrically formed grooves on its long side; The groove is used to superimpose and change the current path flowing through the substrate.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one metal rectangular patch has uniformly distributed vias along its edge; The vias are used to superimpose changes to the basic current path and to perform multi-band matching.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, A power supply structure is provided on one long side of the substrate; A rectangular metal patch of equal length, whose length is equal to that of the long side of the substrate, is fixed at the long side of the substrate adjacent to the side surface. The equal-length metal rectangular patch has through holes evenly distributed around its perimeter.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The metal rectangular patch is welded to the power supply structure via a coaxial cable, and the welding position is masked.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Rectangular parasitic patches are arranged at the edges of the two substrates in a manner parallel to the wide sides of the substrate.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a patch antenna as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The patch antenna is externally connected to the vehicle's antenna input terminal via a coaxial cable; Alternatively, the patch antenna can be embedded via a microstrip line installed on the vehicle.

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