Angle adjusting method of photovoltaic module and adjustable photovoltaic device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic equipment, in particular to an angle adjusting method of a photovoltaic module and an adjustable photovoltaic device, the adjusting method comprises a danger level group arranged in a first wind direction and a second wind direction respectively, the danger level group comprises a plurality of danger levels, and the danger levels comprise danger wind speed and safe inclination angle; when the wind speed is larger than a wind speed threshold value, a wind direction and a danger level group corresponding to the wind direction are obtained; obtaining a fixed angle of the photovoltaic module corresponding to the wind speed based on the wind speed and each danger level; collecting the current inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, and controlling the photovoltaic module to incline at the fixed angle based on the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module; and when the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold value, controlling the photovoltaic module to recover to incline at the seasonal inclination angle. According to the method, the angle of the photovoltaic module can be adjusted based on seasons, wind speeds, wind directions and the like, the power generation efficiency can be improved, damage of extreme weather such as strong wind can be effectively resisted, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of photovoltaic devices, in particular to a photovoltaic module angle adjustment method and an adjustable photovoltaic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Strong wind, as a common extreme weather, poses a serious threat to photovoltaic devices. According to statistics, in some coastal areas, there are dozens of photovoltaic power station damage accidents caused by strong wind every year, causing huge economic losses.

[0003] In the related art, when designing a photovoltaic device, the complex and variable strong wind conditions are often difficult to be fully considered, resulting in a significantly increased failure risk of the photovoltaic device under extreme conditions such as strong wind.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a photovoltaic module angle adjustment method and an adjustable photovoltaic device, which can adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module based on season, wind speed, wind direction, etc., thereby improving power generation efficiency and effectively resisting damage from extreme weather such as strong wind, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a photovoltaic module angle adjustment method is provided, comprising: a dangerous level group respectively arranged in a first wind direction and a second wind direction, the dangerous level group comprising a plurality of dangerous levels, each dangerous level comprising a dangerous wind speed and a safe inclination angle of a photovoltaic module at the dangerous wind speed; each of the dangerous wind speeds is different; obtaining a wind speed, when the wind speed is greater than a wind speed threshold, obtaining a wind direction and a dangerous level group corresponding to the wind direction; wherein the wind direction is a first wind direction or a second wind direction; obtaining a fixed angle of the photovoltaic module corresponding to the wind speed based on the wind speed and each of the dangerous levels; collecting a current inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, and controlling the photovoltaic module to incline at a fixed angle based on the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module; when the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to resume to incline at a seasonal inclination angle.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the obtaining of the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module corresponding to the wind speed based on the wind speed and each of the dangerous levels comprises: if the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any of the dangerous levels, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module is the safe tilt angle corresponding to the dangerous wind speed; if the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on the two adjacent dangerous wind speeds and the safe tilt angles corresponding to the two dangerous wind speeds.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module corresponding to the wind speed is obtained based on the wind speed and each of the dangerous levels, including: if the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any of the dangerous levels, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module is the safe tilt angle corresponding to the dangerous wind speed; if the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module is the safe tilt angle corresponding to the smaller dangerous wind speed.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the wind speed is obtained, and when the wind speed is greater than a wind speed threshold, the wind direction is obtained, and a dangerous level group corresponding to the wind direction is obtained; wherein the wind direction is a first wind direction or a second wind direction, and further comprising: adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module to a seasonal tilt angle based on the season.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an adjustable photovoltaic device, including: a photovoltaic module; a support frame arranged on the back side of the photovoltaic module; a support column having a rotating connector, the support frame being connected to the rotating connector and being rotatable relative to the rotating connector; a wind speed and direction sensor arranged on the support frame, the wind speed and direction sensor being configured to collect a first wind direction and a second wind direction, and to collect a wind speed in the first wind direction and a wind speed in the second wind direction; a drive assembly connected at one end to the support frame and at the other end to the support column, the drive assembly being configured to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module by driving the support frame to rotate around the rotating connector based on the first wind direction and the corresponding wind speed or the second wind direction and the corresponding wind speed; a control module arranged on the support column, the control module being electrically connected to the wind speed and direction sensor and the drive assembly, the control module being configured to control the operation of the wind speed and direction sensor and the drive assembly.

[0011] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the adjustable photovoltaic device further includes a gravity hammer; the gravity hammer is suspended on the support frame and connected to the wind speed and direction sensor to ensure that the wind speed and direction sensor is in a vertical position.

[0012] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the adjustable photovoltaic device further includes a support component, one end of which is connected to the support frame and the other end of which is connected to the support column. The support component is used to support the photovoltaic component when it is in a static state. The support components include: The first sleeve has one end connected to the support frame and the other end has a stepped mounting groove in the middle; the small diameter end of the mounting groove faces the support frame. The second sleeve has a stepped structure on its outer wall. The side of the second sleeve away from the support frame is connected to the support column. At least a portion of the small diameter end of the second sleeve is disposed in the small diameter end of the mounting groove, and at least a portion of the large diameter end is disposed in the large diameter end of the mounting groove. There is a gap between the large diameter end of the second sleeve and the large diameter end of the mounting groove. Two first elastic elements are provided, with one end connected to the mounting groove and the other end connected to the second sleeve along the extension direction of the mounting groove. One of the first elastic elements is in a stretched state and the other is in a compressed state. The ball bearing elastic element has a first groove corresponding to the ball bearing elastic element on the large diameter end of the second sleeve. The ball bearing elastic element is located in the first groove. The inner wall of the mounting groove has a plurality of second grooves. The number of second grooves is not less than the number of first grooves. The ball of the ball bearing elastic element has a first position and a second position. In the first position, the ball is located in one of the second grooves. In the second position, the ball is in contact with the inner wall of the mounting groove.

[0013] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the outer wall of the second sleeve is polygonal.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the surface of the second groove is covered with a third elastic element, and the thickness of the third elastic element decreases from the center to the edge.

[0015] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the adjustable photovoltaic device further includes two fourth elastic elements, each of which is connected at one end to the support frame and at the other end to the support column. One of the fourth elastic elements is in a stretched state, and the other of the fourth elastic elements is in a compressed state.

[0016] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module is 34 to 40 degrees in the first season; 6 to 13 degrees in the second season; 34 to 40 degrees in the third season; and 38 to 44 degrees in the fourth season.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable photovoltaic device in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable photovoltaic device in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable photovoltaic device in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0025] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0026] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0028] Strong winds, a common type of extreme weather, pose a serious threat to photovoltaic (PV) installations. Statistics show that in some coastal areas, dozens of PV power station damage incidents occur annually due to strong winds, resulting in significant economic losses.

[0029] In related technologies, photovoltaic devices are often difficult to fully consider complex and variable strong wind conditions during the design process, which leads to a significant increase in the failure risk of photovoltaic devices under extreme conditions such as strong winds.

[0030] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides an adjustable photovoltaic device, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes a photovoltaic module 1, a support frame 33, a support column 34, a wind speed and direction sensor 35, a drive component 7, and a control module 10.

[0031] Optional, see Figure 1 and Figure 2The support column 34 includes a first column 13 and a second column 9 mounted on the first column 13. The first column 13 and the second column 9 are coaxially arranged, and a portion of the first column 13 is buried below ground level. In this embodiment, the first column 13 can be a PHC precast pipe pile (prestressed high-strength concrete pipe pile), and the second column 9 can be a steel column. Of course, in other embodiments, the second column 9 can also be made of other materials, as long as they meet the corresponding strength, corrosion resistance, and other performance requirements.

[0032] Optional, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second column 9 has a rotating connector 8 at the end away from the first column 13. In one example, the size of the rotating connector 8 is smaller than the size of the second column 9, which reduces motion disturbances caused by the larger size of the rotating connector 8.

[0033] Optional, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The support frame 33 includes a fixed frame and a reinforcing rod 11. The fixed frame includes a first sub-fixed frame 2 and a second sub-fixed frame 6. The first sub-fixed frame 2 is located on the back side of the photovoltaic module 1. The second sub-fixed frame 6 is connected to the side of the first sub-fixed frame 2 away from the photovoltaic module 1. The second sub-fixed frame 6 has a protruding rod 12 away from the photovoltaic module 1. The reinforcing rod 11 connects the second sub-fixed frame 6 and the protruding rod 12, and the reinforcing rod 11, the second sub-fixed frame 6, and the protruding rod 12 form a triangular support to improve the strength of the support frame 33.

[0034] The protruding rod 12 is connected to the rotating connector 8 and can rotate on the rotating connector 8. There is a gap between the protruding rod 12 and the second column 9. The rotating connector 8 can be a structure that enables the support frame 33 to rotate within a first plane, which can be a plane perpendicular to the ground. In one example, the rotating connector 8 can be a hinged seat. In other examples, the rotating connector 8 can be other structures not shown.

[0035] Optionally, the photovoltaic module 1 and the support frame 33 can be detachably fixed or non-detachably fixed.

[0036] Optionally, a wind speed and direction sensor 35 is mounted on the support frame 33. The wind speed and direction sensor 35 is configured to collect wind speeds in a first wind direction and a second wind direction. The first wind direction can be a downwind direction relative to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1, and the second wind direction can be a upwind direction relative to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1. Alternatively, the first wind direction can be a upwind direction relative to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1, and the second wind direction can be a downwind direction relative to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0037] In one example, the wind speed and direction sensor 35 can be an integrated structure that can collect both wind speed and wind direction data. In another example, the wind speed and direction sensor 35 can include a wind speed sensor 4 and a wind direction sensor 3, enabling independent measurement of wind speed and wind direction.

[0038] Optionally, one end of the drive assembly 7 is connected to the second sub-fixed frame 6 of the support frame 33, and the other end is connected to the second column 9 of the support column 34. The drive assembly 7 and the second column 9 have an angle between them. The second column 9, the second sub-fixed frame 6 and the drive assembly 7 form a triangular structure. The drive assembly 7 is configured to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 by driving the support frame 33 to rotate around the rotating connector 8 based on the first wind direction and the wind speed of the first wind direction or the second wind direction and the wind speed of the second wind direction. (The tilt angle can be the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module or other tilt angles adjusted based on the wind direction and wind speed.)

[0039] In this disclosure, the drive component 7 can be an electrically controlled structure or a pneumatically controlled structure, and of course, it can be adapted to the environment. In one example, the drive component 7 can be an electrically adjustable push rod, which has a simple structure and a wider range of applications.

[0040] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the drive assembly 7 is disposed opposite to the reinforcing rod 11, thereby improving the stability of the entire device.

[0041] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the adjustable photovoltaic device further includes a gravity hammer 5 (a vertically adaptable support with a gravity hammer); the gravity hammer 5 is suspended on the support frame 33 and is always vertically downward. In this embodiment, the gravity hammer 5 is connected to a wind speed and direction sensor 35 so that the wind speed and direction sensor 35 always remains in a vertical direction, resulting in more accurate measured data.

[0042] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the control module 10 is mounted on the first column 13 of the support column 34. The control module 10 is electrically connected to the wind speed and direction sensor 35 and the drive assembly 7. The control module 10 is configured to acquire the first wind direction and the wind speed of the first wind direction, the second wind direction and the wind speed of the second wind direction collected by the wind speed and direction sensor 35, and can adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 by controlling the drive assembly 7 based on the wind speed of the first wind direction or the wind speed of the second wind direction.

[0043] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the control module 10 is further configured to adjust the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 according to seasonal changes. In this example, in the first season, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees to 40 degrees. For example, in the first season, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees, 35 degrees, 36.5 degrees, 37 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, etc., with 37 degrees being optimal, maximizing power generation efficiency while balancing the total daily power generation. In the second season, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is 6 degrees to 13 degrees. For example, in the second season, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 11 degrees, 12 degrees, 13 degrees, etc., with 9 degrees or 10 degrees being optimal, maximizing power generation efficiency while balancing the total daily power generation. In the third season, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees to 40 degrees. For example, in the third season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees, 35 degrees, 36.5 degrees, 37 degrees, 39 degrees, and 40 degrees, with 37 degrees being optimal, maximizing power generation efficiency while balancing the total daily power generation. In the fourth season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 38 degrees to 44 degrees. For example, in the fourth season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 38 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, 41 degrees, 43 degrees, and 44 degrees, with 41 degrees being optimal, maximizing power generation efficiency while balancing the total daily power generation. Furthermore, by seasonally adjusting the angle design of photovoltaic module 1 in these four seasons, the annual power generation can be increased by approximately 3%-5%. In one example, a temperature sensor can be added, and the control module 10 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor. A temperature sensor is configured to detect ambient temperature at multiple time points throughout the day (the detection times are the same each day) and send the data to control module 10. Control module 10 calculates the average temperature and compares it with preset average temperatures for each season to determine the current season and adjust the initial angle of photovoltaic module 1 for different seasons. The average temperature is a range; when the temperature falls within this range, it is considered to be in the season corresponding to that average temperature. The first season can be spring (March-May), the second season can be summer (June-August), the third season can be autumn (September-November), and the fourth season can be winter (December-February of the following year).

[0044] Based on the above photovoltaic device, this disclosure has the following three usage methods: The first method of use is as follows, see below. Figure 5 : S00, Adjust photovoltaic module 1 to tilt at a seasonal tilt angle; In one example, temperatures can be collected at multiple points throughout the day, and the average temperature can be calculated. This average temperature can then be compared with the preset average temperatures for each season to determine the current season. In another example, the season can be determined based on factors such as the angle of sunlight. Yet another example could pre-set the time periods for each season, and determine the season by obtaining the current date.

[0045] Obtain the current tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 and compare it with the angle corresponding to the current season. If it is within the range, the tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is not adjusted, and photovoltaic module 1 is tilted at the seasonal tilt angle. If it is not within the range, the tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is adjusted until it conforms to the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 in the current quarter.

[0046] The detection in step S00 does not need to be performed every time; it only needs to be performed within a preset time period, such as 12 days or 30 days. In other words, by setting a time threshold, seasonal tilt angle adjustments to the photovoltaic modules can be avoided within a certain time threshold range.

[0047] Of course, seasonal testing can also be conducted daily to determine and adjust the angle of photovoltaic module 1.

[0048] In this disclosure, the seasonal tilt angle can be set based on the solar direct angle in different seasons. For example, in the first season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees to 40 degrees. For example, in the first season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees, 35 degrees, 36.5 degrees, 37 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, etc. In the second season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 6 degrees to 13 degrees. For example, in the second season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 11 degrees, 12 degrees, 13 degrees, etc. In the third season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees to 40 degrees. For example, in the third season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 34 degrees, 35 degrees, 36.5 degrees, 37 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, etc. In the fourth season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 38 degrees to 44 degrees. For example, in the fourth season, the seasonal tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 38 degrees, 39 degrees, 40 degrees, 41 degrees, 43 degrees, 44 degrees, etc.

[0049] In this disclosure, by setting different tilt angles for different seasons, the maximum power generation photovoltaic tilt angle settings for each of the four seasons can be obtained, thereby maximizing power generation efficiency within a safe wind speed range.

[0050] S01. Hazard level groups are set in the first wind direction and the second wind direction respectively. The hazard level group includes multiple hazard levels. Each hazard level includes a dangerous wind speed and a safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module at the dangerous wind speed. The dangerous wind speeds are different for each group. The wind speed is obtained, and when the wind speed is greater than a wind speed threshold, the wind direction and the hazard level group corresponding to the wind direction are obtained; wherein the wind direction is a first wind direction or a second wind direction. In this disclosure, regardless of which direction the wind speed and direction sensor 35 detects, the wind speed is compared with a wind speed threshold. If the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold, the seasonal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 remains unchanged, and the system continues to wait for the next wind speed data collection. If the wind speed is greater than the wind speed threshold, the wind direction is collected to determine whether the photovoltaic module 1 is experiencing a headwind (second wind direction) or a tailwind (first wind direction) (once the tilt direction of the photovoltaic module 1 is determined, the first and second wind directions have the greatest impact on the photovoltaic module 1), and based on the determined first or second wind direction, the corresponding hazard level group is obtained.

[0051] In this step, the hazard level can include the hazardous wind speed, the hazard level, and the safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules under the hazardous wind speed. The hazard level can be used for early warning, increasing the attention of management personnel and enabling timely handling of abnormalities.

[0052] In this example, the danger level is ≥0. Different danger levels have different danger levels, danger wind speeds, and safe tilt angles. In other words, the danger wind speed, danger level, and safe tilt angle correspond one-to-one within each danger level.

[0053] When the hazard level is 1, it indicates a low risk. The higher the hazard level, the greater the risk, and the smaller the corresponding safe tilt angle, until the tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is 0 degrees (photovoltaic module 1 is set horizontally). The tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is based on the horizontal ground.

[0054] In one example, the safe tilt angle in this step can be calculated based on wind load, such as wind direction, and a suitable safe tilt angle for photovoltaic module 1 can be obtained based on the wind load. In another example, the safe tilt angle can also be based on experience, setting a safe tilt angle for different wind directions and speeds, solar altitude angles at different times, etc.

[0055] In this step, for different wind directions, even with the same dangerous wind speed, the corresponding safe tilt angle may be the same or different.

[0056] In one example, the wind speed threshold can be equal in the first wind direction and the second wind direction. In another example, the wind speed threshold is not equal in the first wind direction and the second wind direction. In this case, the collected wind speed can be compared with the two wind speed thresholds respectively to determine whether the wind speed is greater than the wind speed threshold.

[0057] S02. Based on wind speed and various hazard levels, obtain the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1 corresponding to the wind speed; Determine which hazard level corresponds to the wind speed: If the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any danger level, then the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1 is the safe tilt angle corresponding to that dangerous wind speed. If the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1 is calculated by interpolation based on the two adjacent dangerous wind speeds and their corresponding safe tilt angles.

[0058] S03. Collect the current tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1, and based on the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1, control photovoltaic module 1 to tilt at a fixed angle, and when the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold, control photovoltaic module 1 to resume tilting at the seasonal tilt angle.

[0059] In this step, the difference between the current tilt angle and the fixed angle needs to be calculated to obtain the adjustment angle (current tilt angle - fixed angle = adjustment angle). The drive component 7 is then used to control the photovoltaic module 1 to adjust based on the adjustment angle, so that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 is controlled at the fixed angle.

[0060] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wind speed and direction of the environment typically do not change much within a certain period of time. In this method, the above steps can be repeated at certain time intervals so that the angle of the photovoltaic module 1 can be adjusted in a timely manner.

[0061] Wind speed is collected again. If the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold, photovoltaic module 1 is controlled to return to the seasonal tilt angle. Otherwise, the tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1 is adjusted based on the wind speed.

[0062] In this embodiment, wind direction and wind speed can be obtained simultaneously.

[0063] The method of use proposed in this disclosure can adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1 in a targeted manner based on different wind speeds and directions, and solar illumination angles (testing season).

[0064] In this usage method, according to the "Design Code for Photovoltaic Support Structures" NB / T 10115, the wind load on the photovoltaic support (photovoltaic module 1) is closely related to the tilt angle of photovoltaic module 1. The larger the tilt angle, the larger the overall shape coefficient of the wind load. The wind load is directly proportional to the overall shape coefficient, and the load in the downwind direction is different from the load in the upwind direction. For example, at a tilt angle of 40 degrees, the shape coefficient of the downwind wind load is 1.3, but the shape coefficient of the upwind wind load is 1.6. At this time, the load on the structure from the upwind is 1.6 / 1.3 times that under the downwind condition. Therefore, in this case, for the first wind direction and the second wind direction, even if the dangerous wind speed is the same, the corresponding safe tilt angles are different.

[0065] In one example, the design wind speed of a photovoltaic power station in a certain location (Shaanxi) is 22 m / s. The tilt angles of the photovoltaic modules in the first, second, third, and fourth seasons are set as Z1=37 degrees, Z2=10 degrees, Z3=41 degrees, and Z4=41 degrees, respectively. The structure of the photovoltaic modules is designed to be controlled according to the design wind speed at the maximum tilt angle, so that the wind-resistant tilting ability of the photovoltaic modules meets the requirements.

[0066] When the wind speed is detected and the real-time wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold (which can be the design wind speed or a value lower than the design wind speed), the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module is controlled according to the angle of the maximum power generation in the season. Within the design wind speed range, the photovoltaic module is safe.

[0067] When the wind speed reaches the dangerous wind speed, for example, according to level 4 control (e.g., dangerous wind speed 1: 25m / s, dangerous wind speed 2: 27m / s, dangerous wind speed 3: 30m / s, dangerous wind speed 4: 32m / s), the dangerous wind speed and wind pressure are calculated based on the dangerous wind speed. At the same time, the wind load shape coefficient at different tilt angles is considered, and the tilt angle is calculated to reduce the tilt angle under the dangerous wind speed so that the load is lower than the structural design requirements. For example, assuming a downwind direction and dangerous wind speeds, after wind load calculation, the safe tilt angles corresponding to dangerous wind speeds 1, 2, 3, and 4 are S1=30 degrees, S2=20 degrees, S3=15 degrees, and S4=10 degrees, respectively. Under a headwind direction and dangerous wind speeds, after wind load calculation, the set angles corresponding to dangerous wind speeds 1, 2, 3, and 4 are N1=25 degrees, N2=15 degrees, N3=10 degrees, and N4=5 degrees, respectively. If the dangerous wind speed exceeds 4, it is defined as dangerous wind speed 5, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules is adjusted to 0. Under this wind protection strategy, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules can be controlled in multiple levels and grades. This allows for a strong wind protection control strategy that integrates maximizing power generation efficiency with ensuring structural safety under unfavorable strong wind conditions, through tilt angle control and downwind / headwind load calculation. This results in more effective utilization of solar power generation, resistance to unfavorable strong wind loads, and improved safety, reliability, and power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station.

[0068] In this embodiment, the adjustable photovoltaic device may further include two fourth elastic elements, each connected at one end to the support frame 33 and at the other end to the support column 34; one fourth elastic element is in a stretched state, and the other is in a compressed state. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the driving component 7 drives the photovoltaic module 1 to rotate, there is always a first elastic element 28 that ensures the smooth movement of the photovoltaic module 1, reducing the possibility of damage to the photovoltaic module 1 due to sudden changes in its angle.

[0069] In this embodiment, the fourth elastic element (not shown in the figure) is disposed opposite to the drive assembly 7, and the fourth elastic element has an angle with the support column 34, forming a triangular structure.

[0070] In this disclosure, by intelligently adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 1, the module 1 can automatically adjust its angle according to the sun's position, improving power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, under strong wind conditions, an automatic control strategy effectively reduces the impact of wind load on the photovoltaic module 1, ensuring its safe and stable operation. This not only helps improve the stability and safety of photovoltaic power generation systems and reduce operating costs, but also further promotes the healthy and sustainable development of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry, addressing the shortcomings of existing photovoltaic modules 1 in terms of power generation efficiency and wind resistance.

[0071] The solution disclosed herein can improve power generation efficiency: by determining the season and the angle of direct sunlight through the date, and in conjunction with the drive components, the photovoltaic modules can track the changes in the sun's position, thereby adjusting the orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are always at the optimal angle of sunlight reception. Compared with fixed photovoltaic modules, this can significantly improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0072] Secondly, it can enhance wind resistance: the strong wind protection method disclosed in this invention can intelligently adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panels based on real-time wind speed and direction data, effectively reducing the impact of wind load on the support structure. In strong wind environments, it can significantly improve the stability of photovoltaic modules, reduce the risk of structural damage and photovoltaic module detachment caused by strong winds, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0073] Third, it enables intelligent control: the entire device collects data in real time through sensors, and the control module performs intelligent analysis and decision-making, realizing automatic tracking of photovoltaic modules and strong wind protection control without manual intervention, thus improving the system's automation level and operating efficiency. At the same time, the system has good compatibility and can be integrated with existing photovoltaic power generation systems, facilitating its widespread application.

[0074] The second implementation method of this disclosure is as follows: The difference between the second implementation method and the first implementation method is: Based on wind speed and various hazard levels, the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1 corresponding to that wind speed is obtained, including: If the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any danger level, then the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1 is the safe tilt angle corresponding to that dangerous wind speed. If the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the safe tilt angle corresponding to the smaller dangerous wind speed shall be used as the fixed angle of photovoltaic module 1.

[0075] The second embodiment of this disclosure can reduce the amount of computation and improve the efficiency of adjusting the angle of photovoltaic module 1.

[0076] In this embodiment, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The adjustable photovoltaic device does not have a fourth elastic element, but includes a support component 36. One end of the support component 36 is connected to the support frame 33 and the other end is connected to the support column 34. The support component 36 is used to support the photovoltaic module 1 when it is in a static state; where static refers to the state in which the drive component 7 is not running.

[0077] In one example, the support assembly 36 includes a first sleeve 20, a second sleeve 24, a first elastic element 28, and a ball elastic element. The support assembly 36 and the support column 34 have an included angle and form a triangular structure.

[0078] Optionally, one end of the first sleeve 20 is connected to the support frame 33, and the other end has a stepped mounting groove in the middle, which extends along the axial direction of the first sleeve 20; the small diameter end of the mounting groove faces the support frame 33.

[0079] The outer wall of the second sleeve 24 has a stepped structure. One end of the second sleeve 24 is set in the mounting groove, and the other end is connected to the support column 34. At least a portion of the small diameter end of the second sleeve 24 is set in the small diameter end of the mounting groove, and the small diameter end of the second sleeve 24 is adapted to the small diameter end of the mounting groove. The small diameter end of the second sleeve 24 can slide along the small diameter end of the mounting groove. At least a portion of the large diameter end is set in the large diameter end of the mounting groove. There is a gap between the large diameter end of the second sleeve 24 and the large diameter end of the mounting groove. When the photovoltaic module 1 is set horizontally, the end face of the second sleeve 24 away from the support column 34 can be flush with the end face of the first sleeve 20 away from the support column 34.

[0080] The first elastic element 28 is disposed within the small-diameter end of the mounting groove, and along the extending direction of the mounting groove, one end is connected to the mounting groove, and the other end is connected to the second sleeve 24. In this example, there are two first elastic elements 28, one in a stretched state and the other in an extended state. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the driving component 7 drives the photovoltaic module 1 to rotate, there is always one first elastic element 28 that ensures the smooth movement of the photovoltaic module 1, preventing damage to the photovoltaic module 1 due to sudden changes in its angle.

[0081] The number of ball bearing elements is at least one, and they are disposed at the large-diameter end of the second sleeve 24. In this example, the number of ball bearing elements is multiple, and at least some of the ball bearing elements are arranged radially along the second sleeve 24, and at least some of the ball bearing elements are arranged axially along the second sleeve 24. Wherein: The ball bearing elastic element has a ball structure and a second elastic element 26. The ball structure has a base 27 and a ball 21 disposed on the base 27. Half of the ball 21 is embedded in the base 27 and the ball 21 can rotate. The second sleeve 24 has a first groove 25 that matches the radial dimension of the base 27. The base 27 is located in the first groove 25 and can slide along the first groove 25. The ball 21 of the ball structure is positioned towards the first sleeve 20. The second elastic element 26 is located in the first groove 25 and extends along the first groove 25. One end of the second elastic element 26 is connected to the first groove 25, and the other end is connected to the base 27. The inner wall of the mounting groove has a plurality of second grooves 23 (the number of second grooves 23 is not less than the number of first grooves 25, for example, the number of second grooves 24 is 25). The number of grooves 3 is greater than the number of grooves 25. The position of the second groove 23 is determined according to the position of the ball 21 when the photovoltaic module 1 is at different safe tilt angles, so as to ensure that when the photovoltaic module 1 is static, the ball 21 can be located in the second groove 23 to fix and support the photovoltaic module 1. The ball 21 has a first position and a second position. In the first position (when the photovoltaic module 1 is static), the ball 21 is located in one of the second grooves 23. In the second position (when the photovoltaic module 1 is dynamic), the ball 21 is in contact with the inner wall of the mounting groove.

[0082] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the outer wall of the second sleeve 24 is polygonal. This further restricts the sliding direction of the second sleeve 24, preventing the support assembly 36 from failing to perform its support function due to relative rotation between the first sleeve 20 and the second sleeve 24.

[0083] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the surface of the second groove 23 is covered with a third elastic element 22, and the thickness of the third elastic element 22 decreases from the center to the edge. In this disclosure, the third elastic element 22 is provided, and the thickness of the third elastic element 22 gradually decreases. Under the drive of the drive assembly 7, the ball 21 can slide out of the second groove 23 more easily without damaging the ball 21 or generating noise, thus improving the service life of the support assembly 36.

[0084] This disclosure Figure 3 In order to more clearly show the structure of the support component 36, the lengths of the mounting groove and the small-diameter end and large-diameter end of the second sleeve 24 have been shortened in the drawing. In actual application, the lengths of the mounting groove and the small-diameter end of the second sleeve 24 should be lengthened to meet the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic module 1 and to ensure that the ball bearing 21 does not slip out of the mounting groove.

[0085] This disclosure Figure 3 In the figure, not many second grooves 23 are shown. In practical applications, the number of second grooves 23 can be appropriately increased so that at any angle of the photovoltaic module 1, at least one ball 21 is set in the second groove 23, and no ball 21 will slide out of the mounting groove.

[0086] Based on the above, the solution disclosed herein is particularly applicable to situations where the tilt angle of photovoltaic modules in solar photovoltaic power generation projects needs to be flexibly adjusted. For example, in some regions where the photovoltaic modules are at a high altitude above the ground under agricultural-photovoltaic complementary conditions, an anti-strong wind control strategy is formed by automatically controlling and adapting to wind speed and direction, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic power generation and adapting to wind speed and direction. This strategy can ensure the safety of the photovoltaic support structure scientifically and effectively while maximizing power generation efficiency.

[0087] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of angle adjustment of a photovoltaic assembly, characterized in that, The method comprises: setting a dangerous level group in the first wind direction and the second wind direction, respectively, wherein the dangerous level group comprises a plurality of dangerous levels, each of which comprises a dangerous wind speed and a safe inclination angle of the photovoltaic module at the dangerous wind speed, and each of the dangerous wind speeds is different; obtaining a wind speed, obtaining a wind direction when the wind speed is greater than a wind speed threshold, and a safe inclination angle corresponding to the dangerous level group of the wind direction; wherein the wind direction is the first wind direction or the second wind direction; obtaining a fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1) corresponding to the wind speed based on the wind speed and each of the dangerous levels; collecting a current inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1), and controlling the photovoltaic module (1) to incline at the fixed angle based on the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1); controlling the photovoltaic module (1) to incline at a seasonal inclination angle when the wind speed is not greater than the wind speed threshold.

2. The method of angle adjustment of a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises: if the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any of the dangerous levels, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is the safe inclination angle corresponding to the dangerous wind speed; if the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is calculated based on the two adjacent dangerous wind speeds and the safe inclination angles corresponding to the two adjacent dangerous wind speeds by using an interpolation calculation method.

3. The method of angle adjustment of a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises: if the wind speed is equal to the dangerous wind speed of any of the dangerous levels, the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is the safe inclination angle corresponding to the dangerous wind speed; if the wind speed is between any two adjacent dangerous wind speeds, the safe inclination angle corresponding to the smaller dangerous wind speed is used as the fixed angle of the photovoltaic module (1).

4. The method of angle adjustment of a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further comprises: adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) to the seasonal inclination angle based on the season before obtaining the wind speed, obtaining the wind direction when the wind speed is greater than the wind speed threshold, and the safe inclination angle corresponding to the dangerous level group of the wind direction; wherein the wind direction is the first wind direction or the second wind direction.

5. An adjustable photovoltaic device for the method of angle adjustment of the photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1-4, characterized by, The method comprises: a photovoltaic module (1); a support frame (33) arranged on the back side of the photovoltaic module (1); a support column (34) having a rotating connecting piece (8), wherein the support frame (33) is connected to the rotating connecting piece (8) and can rotate relative to the rotating connecting piece (8); a wind speed and wind direction sensor (35) arranged on the support frame (33); the wind speed and wind direction sensor (35) is configured to collect a first wind direction and a second wind direction, and to collect a wind speed in the first wind direction and a wind speed in the second wind direction; a driving assembly (7) connected at one end to the support frame (33) and at the other end to the support column (34), the driving assembly (7) being configured to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly (1) by driving the support frame (33) to rotate around the rotating connection (8) based on the first wind direction and its corresponding wind speed or the second wind direction and its corresponding wind speed; a control module (10) arranged on the support column (34), the control module (10) being electrically connected to the wind speed and direction sensor (35) and the driving assembly (7), the control module (10) being configured to control the operation of the wind speed and direction sensor (35) and the driving assembly (7).

6. The adjustable photovoltaic device of claim 5, wherein, The adjustable photovoltaic device further comprises a gravity hammer (5), the gravity hammer (5) being hung on the support frame (33), the gravity hammer (5) being connected to the wind speed and direction sensor (35) to keep the wind speed and direction sensor (35) in a vertical state.

7. The adjustable photovoltaic device of claim 5, wherein, The adjustable photovoltaic device further comprises a support assembly (36) connected at one end to the support frame (33) and at the other end to the support column (34), the support assembly (36) being configured to support the photovoltaic assembly (1) when the photovoltaic assembly (1) is in a static state; The support assembly (36) comprises: a first sleeve (20) connected at one end to the support frame (33) and having a stepped structure mounting groove in the middle at the other end, the small-diameter end of the mounting groove being arranged towards the support frame (33); a second sleeve (24) having a stepped structure on the outer wall, the second sleeve (24) being connected to the support column (34) away from the support frame (33), at least part of the small-diameter end of the second sleeve (24) being arranged in the small-diameter end of the mounting groove, at least part of the large-diameter end of the second sleeve (24) being arranged in the large-diameter end of the mounting groove, and a gap being formed between the large-diameter end of the second sleeve (24) and the large-diameter end of the mounting groove; two first elastic members (28) connected at one end to the mounting groove and at the other end to the second sleeve (24) along the extension direction of the mounting groove, one of the first elastic members (28) being in a stretched state and the other being in a compressed state; a ball elastic member, the large-diameter end of the second sleeve (24) having a first groove (25) corresponding to the ball elastic member, the ball elastic member being located in the first groove (25), the inner wall of the mounting groove having a plurality of second grooves (23), the number of the second grooves (23) not being less than the number of the first grooves (25), the ball (21) of the ball elastic member having a first position and a second position, in the first position, the ball (21) being located in one of the second grooves (23), in the second position, the ball (21) being in close contact with the inner wall of the mounting groove.

8. The adjustable photovoltaic device of claim 7, wherein, The outer wall of the second sleeve (24) is polygonal.

9. The adjustable photovoltaic device of claim 7, wherein, The second groove (23) is covered with a third elastic member (22), and the thickness of the third elastic member (22) is reduced from the center to the edge.

10. The adjustable photovoltaic device of claim 5, wherein, The adjustable photovoltaic device further comprises two fourth elastic members, one end of each of the two fourth elastic members is connected to the support frame (33), and the other end is connected to the support column (34). One of the fourth elastic members is in a tensile state, and the other fourth elastic member is in a compression state.

11. The adjustable photovoltaic device of any of claims 5-10, wherein, In the first season, the seasonal inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is 34-40 degrees; in the second season, the seasonal inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is 6-13 degrees; in the third season, the seasonal inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is 34-40 degrees; and in the fourth season, the seasonal inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) is 38-44 degrees.

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