Zero handshake transient connection method and system based on auracast protocol

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly discloses a zero-handshake transient connection method and system based on an Auracast protocol, which comprises generating a composite signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time authorization token, generating a motion characteristic label based on position changes, activating directional scanning only when approaching or staying intention is detected, generating a connection environment quality report through multi-channel detection, dynamically evaluating channel congestion, transmission delay and signal strength, generating a customized connection scheme according to the environment quality, automatically selecting the optimal channel and transmission parameters, and after an audio stream receiving service is established, continuously monitoring the user position changes, triggering transient disconnection when leaving intention is detected, and forming a full-process automated connection life cycle management. The application effectively solves the problem of lack of intelligentization in the connection process in the field of public broadcast audio services, realizes the automation of connection initiation, and significantly improves the connection efficiency and user experience.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a zero handshake transient connection method and system based on an Auracast protocol. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently in the field of public broadcast audio services, the process of establishing a connection between a user device and an audio source generally lacks intelligence and context awareness, resulting in poor user experience. The core challenge lies in the system's inability to accurately determine the user's true intention, often initiating indiscriminate connection prompts or scanning requests for all devices within the signal range. This not only brings unnecessary interference to passing users, but also requires users with actual connection needs to go through a tedious manual search, selection, and confirmation process, reducing the immediacy and convenience of the service. In addition, receiving devices need to maintain a high-power scanning state for a long time in order not to miss any potential connection opportunities, which poses a severe energy burden for battery-powered portable devices, shortening the device's battery life.

[0003] The currently widely used solution in the industry mainly relies on the user's active interaction. For example, based on traditional Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connection methods, the user needs to manually open the settings menu, identify and select the correct audio source from a possibly mixed list of devices, and then pair or connect. Another improved solution is to use a two-dimensional code or near-field communication technology, where the user triggers the connection process by scanning or touching a physical tag. Although this simplifies the device discovery process, it still requires the user to perform an explicit physical operation. The core logic of these methods is passive, with the system waiting for the user's instructions, lacking understanding of user behavior and environmental context, and unable to achieve truly seamless, operation-free automatic service access.

[0004] The disadvantages of traditional methods are obvious. The connection mechanism that relies heavily on user intervention leads to a fragmented and delayed operation process, which cannot meet the user's expectation of instant listening experience. At the same time, the indiscriminate full-scan strategy leads to significant energy waste, shortening the effective use time of mobile devices. More importantly, due to the lack of pre-evaluation of network environment quality before connection, these methods often make ineffective connection attempts in a congested channel or poor signal quality environment, ultimately leading to connection failure or low audio experience quality, wasting time and resources, and damaging the reliability of the service and user satisfaction. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, to solve the problems raised in the background art, a zero handshake transient connection method and system based on the Auracast protocol is proposed.

[0006] The purpose of the application can be realized by the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the application provides a zero handshake transient connection method based on Auracast protocol, comprising: S1, composite guide signal generation: generating a composite guide signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time connection authorization token.

[0007] S2, motion feature label generation: based on the change trend of the user space position vector in the composite guide signal, a motion feature label reflecting the user behavior intention is generated.

[0008] S3, specific broadcast audio stream scanning: when the motion feature label is a preset connection intention, the one-time connection authorization token in the composite guide signal is extracted and verified to activate the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token.

[0009] S4, connection environment quality report generation: after the directional scanning locates the specific broadcast audio stream, a connection environment quality report evaluating the current network condition is generated through a multi-channel detection mechanism.

[0010] S5, audio connection configuration scheme generation: based on the connection environment quality report, a customized audio connection configuration scheme containing channel selection and transmission parameters is generated.

[0011] S6, audio stream receiving service establishment: using the customized audio connection configuration scheme, an automated audio stream receiving service is established with the specific broadcast audio stream.

[0012] S7, life cycle control mechanism triggering: after establishing the automated audio stream receiving service, the user space position vector is continuously monitored, and a dynamic connection life cycle control mechanism triggering transient disconnection is generated when the user exit intention is detected.

[0013] The second aspect of the application provides a zero handshake transient connection system based on Auracast protocol, comprising: a composite guide signal generation module for generating a composite guide signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time connection authorization token.

[0014] A motion feature label generation module generates a motion feature label reflecting the user behavior intention based on the change trend of the user space position vector in the composite guide signal.

[0015] A specific broadcast audio stream scanning module extracts and verifies the one-time connection authorization token in the composite guide signal to activate the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token when the motion feature label is a preset connection intention.

[0016] A connection environment quality report generation module generates a connection environment quality report evaluating the current network condition through a multi-channel detection mechanism after the directional scanning locates the specific broadcast audio stream.

[0017] The audio connection configuration scheme generation module generates a customized audio connection configuration scheme, including channel selection and transmission parameters, based on the connection environment quality report.

[0018] The audio stream receiving service establishment module adopts a customized audio connection configuration scheme to establish an automated audio stream receiving service with a specific broadcast audio stream.

[0019] The lifecycle control mechanism trigger module continuously monitors the user's spatial location vector after establishing an automated audio stream receiving service, and generates a dynamic connection lifecycle control mechanism that triggers a momentary disconnection when it detects the user's intention to leave.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: (1) The present invention achieves intelligent connection initiation by integrating spatial perception and intent recognition, and only activates subsequent processes when it is accurately determined that the user has a clear intention to connect. This mechanism based on dynamic decision-making based on user behavior effectively filters out users who pass by without intent, avoids unnecessary system response and energy consumption, fundamentally solves the problem of user interference and power consumption waste caused by blind scanning and connection prompts in traditional methods, and greatly improves the accuracy of connection decision-making and the user-friendliness of the user experience.

[0021] (2) By actively detecting channel congestion and link quality around the target broadcast source, the system can anticipate the suitability of the current wireless environment and generate a customized connection scheme accordingly. This service quality-oriented strategy ensures that the connection is always established under optimal or acceptable conditions, effectively avoiding invalid attempts in poor network environments, significantly enhancing the success rate and stability of audio service connections, and guaranteeing a high-quality user listening experience.

[0022] (3) This invention constructs a complete closed-loop management mechanism for the connection lifecycle, realizing full-process automation from instantaneous connection establishment under intent awareness to automatic disconnection under spatial awareness. The entire process requires no manual operation from the user, providing a truly seamless "zero-handshake" experience. When the system detects that the user has left the service area, it will automatically and quickly release all connection resources and return to a low-power listening state. This not only ensures the efficient use of channel resources, but also guarantees the optimization of device energy efficiency and the security of the connection process through dynamic management. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method steps of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure connection of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The first aspect of the present invention provides a zero-handshake transient connection establishment method based on the Auracast protocol, comprising: S1, generating a composite boot signal: generating a composite boot signal containing a user space location vector and a one-time connection authorization token.

[0028] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps for generating a composite guidance signal containing a user spatial location vector and a one-time connection authorization token include: installing an ultra-wideband sensing device equipped with two antennas of known spacing in a designated physical area, and activating a dual-antenna cooperative working mode to generate a precise measurement reference point for angle and distance.

[0029] It should be noted that, firstly, in a physical space requiring seamless audio connectivity, such as a 100-square-meter museum exhibition hall, three key locations are selected, such as the entrance, the central exhibition platform, and the exit. A dual-antenna array-type ultra-wideband sensing device is installed at each location, collectively forming a spatial sensing beacon network covering the entire exhibition hall. After installation, each ultra-wideband sensing device is initialized, activating its built-in ultra-wideband signal transmitter and receiver, entering a dual-antenna collaborative working mode. In this mode, the device utilizes the fixed, known physical distance between the two antennas to establish a coordinate reference point for accurately determining the angle and distance of the signal source.

[0030] Ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing devices receive UWB signals reflected from user-carried receiving devices via dual antennas, calculate the time difference of arrival and angle of arrival, and generate real-time user spatial location vector data.

[0031] It should be noted that when a user carrying a receiving device enters the exhibition hall, the ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing device actively transmits an UWB detection signal. This signal is reflected by the user's receiving device and received by the two antennas of the UWB sensing device. Due to a slight difference in the path of the reflected signal to the two antennas, the device accurately calculates the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and uses this to calculate the angle of arrival. Simultaneously, by measuring the total time from transmission to reception, the straight-line distance between the user and the device is calculated. Combining the calculated straight-line distance and angle of arrival, the system generates a data structure describing the user's precise position in the device's coordinate system—real-time user spatial position vector data.

[0032] It should also be noted that this step involves the physical measurement and data processing of ultra-wideband signals. To ensure the reproducibility of the technical solution, the formula for calculating the angle of arrival needs to be added. The formula is: ,in, The angle of arrival of the user relative to the normal of the ultra-wideband sensing device is expressed in degrees. Represents the speed of light, which is a constant value, approximately equal to... meters per second; It represents the time difference of arrival of an ultra-wideband signal to two antennas, measured in seconds, and is a physical quantity that can be directly measured by the device. This represents the known distance between the two antennas on the device, in meters.

[0033] The user's spatial location vector data is bound to the current timestamp, and a unique one-time connection authorization token is generated synchronously. This token is then encapsulated to form a composite guidance signal containing the user's spatial location vector and the one-time connection authorization token.

[0034] It should be noted that, immediately following this, the ultra-wideband sensing device acquires the current system timestamp and binds this timestamp to the newly generated user spatial location vector data. Simultaneously, the device's internal encryption module uses a secure random number generation algorithm to generate a unique, one-time-use connection authorization token. Finally, the system packages and encapsulates these three sets of information—the user spatial location vector data, the timestamp, and the one-time connection authorization token—into a structured data packet. This data packet serves as the composite guidance signal and is continuously broadcast outwards through the ultra-wideband channel, acting as the basis for subsequent user intent identification and connection authorization.

[0035] The spatial awareness beacon network refers to a coverage network composed of multiple ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing devices working collaboratively within a target area. Its function is to achieve seamless and continuous tracking of user locations within the area. A dual-antenna array UWB sensing device is a hardware device characterized by at least two antennas with a known fixed spacing and a transceiver chip capable of processing UWB signals. It can accurately calculate the location of the signal source by analyzing minute differences in the signal between the antennas. The user spatial location vector is a data structure used to record the user's spatial position relative to the sensing device at a specific moment, typically containing two components: straight-line distance and angle of arrival. The connection authorization token is a unique, time-sensitive, and one-time-use encrypted string. Its function is to serve as access credentials for subsequent audio connection requests by the user. It is generated using a cryptographically secure random number generator to ensure unpredictability and forgery. The composite guidance signal is a composite data packet integrating location information and access permissions. Its data structure includes the user spatial location vector and the connection authorization token, and its function is to simultaneously provide spatial location guidance and connection permission to the user device.

[0036] For example, a dual-antenna array ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing device is deployed at the entrance of a museum exhibition hall, with the two antennas spaced 0.15 meters apart. When a user carrying a receiving device stands 5 meters away from the device at a 30-degree angle to the device's normal, the UWB signal emitted by the device is reflected by the user's device and received by the two antennas. The device measures the signal arrival time difference as follows: Seconds. According to the formula The calculated angle is 30 degrees. Simultaneously, the device measures the signal round-trip time and calculates the distance as 5 meters. At this point, the system generates the user's spatial location vector data as: distance 5 meters, angle 30 degrees. The device obtains the current timestamp, such as "2023-10-27-10:00:00.123", and generates a unique one-time connection authorization token, such as "A7B3C9D1E5F8G2H4". Finally, the device encapsulates these three elements into a composite guidance signal and broadcasts it. The data content of this signal is: user spatial location vector (5,30), timestamp "2023-10-27-10:00:00.123", and connection authorization token "A7B3C9D1E5F8G2H4".

[0037] S2. Motion Feature Label Generation: Based on the changing trend of the user's spatial position vector in the composite guidance signal, motion feature labels reflecting the user's behavioral intentions are generated.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps for generating motion feature labels that reflect user behavioral intentions include: calculating the distance change rate and azimuth stability from continuous user spatial location vectors.

[0039] It should be noted that the ultra-wideband module built into the user's portable receiver continuously monitors and decodes the composite guidance signals broadcast in space. Upon receiving a signal, the module extracts a series of continuous user spatial position vector data, forming a time-ordered user spatial position vector data stream. Next, the device's built-in behavior analysis engine processes this data stream. To quantify the user's movement trend, the engine first calculates two key motion parameters: distance change rate and azimuth stability. The distance change rate is calculated by dividing the difference in the distance component of the user's spatial position vector between two adjacent time points by the time interval, reflecting the user's speed of approaching or moving away from the sensing device. Azimuth stability is measured by calculating the standard deviation of all azimuth data within a small time window; a smaller standard deviation indicates that the user's direction towards the device is stable, without significant turning.

[0040] It should also be noted that this step involves trend calculations on continuous data to identify intent. To ensure the reproducibility of the technical solution, calculation formulas for the distance change rate and azimuth stability must be provided. The formulas are as follows: , ,in, Represents the rate of change of distance, with units of meters per second. and They represent the current time. and the previous time point The measured distance It is the time interval between the two measurements. Represents azimuth stability. It is the first within the time window Azimuth measurement values, It is the average of all azimuth measurements within this window. It represents the number of samples within the window.

[0041] Based on the calculated distance change rate and azimuth stability, user behavioral intentions are identified as approach intentions, stay intentions, or pass-by intentions to generate motion feature labels.

[0042] It's important to note that after obtaining the distance change rate and azimuth stability, the behavior analysis engine performs trend calculations based on preset logical rules to identify the user's specific intent. If the engine detects that the distance change rate is consistently negative and the azimuth stability is higher than a preset stability threshold, this indicates that the user is steadily approaching the device, and the system identifies this behavior pattern as an approach intent. If the distance change rate is 0 and the azimuth stability is higher than the preset stability threshold, this indicates that the user is lingering near the device, and the system identifies this as a lingering intent. Conversely, if the distance change first decreases and then increases, and the azimuth stability is lower than the preset stability threshold, this matches the trajectory characteristics of the user passing by the device, and the system identifies this as a passing intent. Finally, based on the identified vector change pattern that has persisted for a certain period of time to exclude occasional fluctuations, the system generates a clear text label as the final output, which is a motion feature label reflecting the user's true behavioral intent.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preset stability threshold can be set to 5 degrees. Experimental test data shows that when a user walks steadily towards the device at a normal pace, the standard deviation of the azimuth angle is concentrated in the range of 2-4 degrees because the orientation of the torso remains relatively fixed. However, the azimuth angle fluctuation increases significantly when walking randomly. Therefore, setting a 5-degree threshold can effectively distinguish the boundary between "directional movement" and "irregular movement".

[0044] The receiving device is a user-held terminal device, such as a headset or mobile phone, which integrates a module capable of receiving and processing ultra-wideband and Bluetooth signals. The distance change rate is a numerical value representing how quickly the distance between the user and the sensing device changes over time; a positive value indicates moving further away, and a negative value indicates moving closer. Azimuth stability is a numerical value measuring the dispersion of angular data; the smaller the value, the more stable the user's orientation. The behavior analysis engine is a software logic unit embedded in the receiving device; its function is to perform a series of calculations and comparisons, transforming input motion parameters into output motion feature labels. Approach intention, dwell intention, and pass-through intention are three predefined user behavior patterns, determined based on statistical analysis of a large amount of user movement data.

[0045] For example, continuing from the previous example where the user is 5 meters away at an angle of 30 degrees, the user begins walking towards the ultra-wideband sensing device at a constant speed. Over the next 2 seconds, the receiving device continuously receives a composite guidance signal containing the user's spatial position vector data. The behavior analysis engine extracts the following data stream: at second 1, the user's spatial position vector is: distance 4 meters, angle 30.1 degrees; at second 2, it is: distance 3 meters, angle 29.9 degrees. The engine calculates that the distance change rate at second 1 is approximately -1 meter / second, and the distance change rate at second 2 is also approximately -1 meter / second, with a negative mean. Simultaneously, within the 2-second time window, the standard deviation of the azimuth angle is very small, and the obtained azimuth angle stability is higher than the preset stability threshold. Therefore, the behavior analysis engine identifies the current user behavior as a clear approach intention and ultimately generates a motion feature label containing the approach intention.

[0046] S3. Specific Broadcast Audio Stream Scan: When the motion feature tag is a preset connection intent, extract and verify the one-time connection authorization token in the composite guide signal to activate a directional scan of a specific broadcast audio stream carrying a matching token.

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of activating directional scanning of a specific broadcast audio stream carrying a matching token include: connecting the decision engine to check motion feature tags, triggering the next step only when the motion feature tags show an approach intention or a stay intention, and implementing an ignore strategy for passing intentions.

[0048] It should be noted that after the previous implementation step generates motion feature tags reflecting the user's true behavioral intent, this step initiates an intent-matching-based verification and authorization process. The complete technical implementation process is as follows: First, the connection decision engine deployed in the receiving device continuously checks the content of the latest motion feature tags. The system sets a trigger condition: subsequent operations will only be initiated when the content of the motion feature tag indicates an approach intent or a dwell intent; if the tag content indicates a pass-through intent, the connection decision engine will implement an ignore strategy, perform no processing, and continue waiting for the next updated motion feature tag.

[0049] After confirming the user's intent, the system immediately extracts the one-time connection authorization token corresponding to the current timestamp and verifies the validity and integrity of the one-time connection authorization token.

[0050] It's important to note that once the user's intent matches the connection criteria—namely, the tag indicates an approach intent or a stay intent—the system immediately proceeds to the next step. It precisely extracts the one-time connection authorization token corresponding to the current timestamp from the currently received composite bootstrap signal data packet. After obtaining the one-time connection authorization token, the system verifies it. This verification process involves two aspects: first, checking if the timestamp of the one-time connection authorization token is within a preset valid time window to prevent replay attacks; and second, verifying the token's data integrity through digital signature to ensure it hasn't been tampered with during transmission. Only after both verifications pass will the system deem the one-time connection authorization token valid.

[0051] Once the one-time connection authorization token is verified, the Bluetooth scanning function of the receiving device is activated, but the scanning range is limited to specific broadcast audio streams carrying the matching token.

[0052] It's important to note that after the one-time connection authorization token is successfully verified, the receiving device immediately activates its internal Bluetooth scanning module, switching it from sleep or low-power mode to active mode. However, to conserve energy and improve connection efficiency, this Bluetooth scan is not an indiscriminate scan of the entire frequency band. The system generates a specific scanning filter based on the content of the verified one-time connection authorization token. This filter restricts the Bluetooth module to searching only for specific broadcast audio streams that carry a matching token identifier in their broadcast messages. This targeted scanning method effectively avoids unnecessary power consumption and time delays caused by scanning all Bluetooth signals in the environment.

[0053] The connection decision engine is a software module running on the receiving device. Its core function is to determine whether to continue the connection process based on the input motion feature tag according to preset rules. The ignore policy means that when the input motion feature tag indicates a passing intent, the connection decision engine will terminate the current connection process, perform no subsequent operations, and directly wait for the next tag update. The Bluetooth scanning module is a hardware unit in the receiving device responsible for searching for surrounding Bluetooth signals. In this step, its activation and scanning behavior are precisely controlled by the connection decision engine. The specific broadcast audio stream refers to a Bluetooth audio signal stream emitted by the audio source device that contains identity information associated with a one-time connection authorization token in a specific field of its broadcast data packet, enabling the receiving device to accurately identify and match the token.

[0054] For example, following the motion feature tag generated in the previous example as proximity intent, the connection decision engine detects this tag and immediately triggers the next step. The system extracts the one-time connection authorization token "A7B3C9D1E5F8G2H4" from the currently received composite guidance signal. The system verifies that the token's timestamp is within the valid range and that the data integrity check passes. After successful verification, the receiving device activates its Bluetooth scanning module and sets a scanning filter. This filter instructs the Bluetooth module to search only for specific broadcast audio streams that contain the identifier "A7B3C9D1E5F8G2H4" in their broadcast data. At this time, if an audio guide device at a nearby museum booth is broadcasting an audio stream containing this token identifier, the receiving device's Bluetooth scanning module can quickly detect it, ignoring the Bluetooth signals of other visitors' mobile phones in the vicinity.

[0055] S4. Connection Environment Quality Report Generation: After directional scanning locates a specific broadcast audio stream, a connection environment quality report assessing the current network status is generated through a multi-channel probing mechanism.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of generating a connection environment quality report for assessing the current network status through a multi-channel probing mechanism include: after the receiving device scans a specific broadcast audio stream carrying a matching token, it parses the environment summary signaling packet in the preparation channel to obtain the local channel quality map on the broadcast source side.

[0057] It should be noted that after the receiving device's Bluetooth scanning module successfully locates the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token in the previous implementation step, this step will perform a comprehensive environmental quality pre-assessment, the complete technical implementation process of which is as follows. First, the receiving device will tune to a designated non-audio auxiliary channel of the target broadcast audio stream, namely the preparation channel. On the preparation channel, the receiving device will listen for and parse the environmental summary signaling packets periodically sent by the broadcast source. By decoding this environmental summary signaling packet, the receiving device can obtain a local channel quality map on the broadcast source side, which records in detail the signal strength of each available Bluetooth channel near the location of the broadcast source.

[0058] The receiving device sends an echo response signal to the probe channel of the broadcast source to measure the transmission delay and signal-to-noise ratio of the bidirectional link.

[0059] It should be noted that while acquiring information from the broadcast source, the receiving device initiates a self-test process. The device switches to another auxiliary channel designated by the broadcast source, namely the probe channel, and actively sends a standard-format echo response signal to the broadcast source. Upon receiving this signal, the broadcast source immediately returns it verbatim. The receiving device evaluates the transmission delay of the bidirectional link by accurately recording the complete time from sending the signal to receiving the return signal, i.e., the round-trip time. During the reception of the return signal, the device's RF front-end also measures the ratio of signal power to background noise power to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio, which is used to evaluate link stability and signal clarity.

[0060] It should also be noted that this step involves converting physical measurements into evaluation metrics. To ensure the reproducibility of the technical solution, a formula for calculating transmission delay must be provided. The formula is as follows: ,in, Represents one-way transmission delay, measured in seconds; This represents the round-trip time of the signal as measured by the receiving device, in seconds.

[0061] By combining the local channel quality map, transmission delay, and signal-to-noise ratio provided by the broadcast source, a connection environment quality report is generated, which includes channel congestion, transmission delay, and signal strength.

[0062] It should be noted that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is compared with a preset first SNR threshold and a preset second SNR threshold. When the SNR is greater than the preset first SNR threshold, the signal strength is determined to be "high"; when the SNR is between the preset first and second SNR thresholds, the signal strength is determined to be "medium"; and when the SNR is less than the preset second SNR threshold, the signal strength is determined to be "low". Similarly, the transmission delay is compared with a preset transmission delay threshold. If the transmission delay is less than the preset transmission delay threshold and the signal strength is "high", the channel congestion is determined to be "low"; if the transmission delay is less than the preset transmission delay threshold and the signal strength is "medium", the channel congestion is determined to be "medium"; and if the transmission delay is greater than the preset transmission delay threshold and the signal strength is "low", the channel congestion is determined to be "high". Finally, the system integrates this multi-source information into a structured data report, namely the connection environment quality report. The connection environment quality report clearly includes three core indicators: channel congestion, transmission delay, and signal strength, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent connection decisions.

[0063] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, when determining the quality of the connection environment, a preset first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold can be set to 20 dB, a second SNR threshold to 10 dB, and a preset transmission delay threshold to 50 milliseconds. The specific criteria are as follows: when the SNR is higher than 20 dB, the signal strength is considered "high," ensuring high-quality audio transmission; when the SNR is between 10 and 20 dB, it is considered "medium," and when it is lower than 10 dB, it is considered "low," thus classifying signal strength levels. The transmission delay threshold uses a typical value of 50 milliseconds, which conforms to the general standard for low-latency scenarios in Bluetooth audio transmission. When the delay is lower than this value, the user's perception is not significant; when it is higher, it may affect the listening experience. These thresholds, through a comprehensive quantitative indicator of SNR and transmission delay, ensure accurate classification of channel congestion in channel quality assessment.

[0064] Multi-channel probing is a technique that uses one or more auxiliary channels for bidirectional communication to probe network environment quality before establishing a formal connection. It avoids the risks and overhead of directly probing the connection on the main channel. The environment summary signaling packet is a special data packet sent by the audio broadcast source; its content is not audio data, but rather descriptive information about the wireless environment in which the broadcast source is located. The preparation channel and probe channel are non-audio data exchange channels reserved in the Bluetooth broadcast protocol, used to receive environmental information from the broadcaster and perform bidirectional link probing, respectively. The echo response signal is a standard format probe signal that the receiver immediately returns upon receipt; it is specifically used to measure the round-trip time of the signal.

[0065] For example, continuing from the previous example, after the receiving device scans for a matching specific broadcast audio stream near the museum booth, it immediately switches to the ready channel of that audio stream and successfully parses the environmental summary signaling packet. The packet information shows that the primary channel suggested by the broadcast source currently has a good signal-to-noise ratio, but the backup channel has slight interference, which constitutes the local channel quality map. Next, the device sends an echo response signal to the broadcast source's probe channel, measuring the round-trip time as 0.002 seconds and the signal-to-noise ratio of the returned signal as 25 dB. The system then uses the formula... The transmission delay was calculated to be 0.001 seconds. Finally, the system synthesized all the information and generated a connection environment quality report, the core content of which was that the channel congestion was assessed as "low", the transmission delay was 0.001 seconds, and the signal strength was "high".

[0066] S5. Audio Connection Configuration Scheme Generation: Based on the connection environment quality report, generate a customized audio connection configuration scheme that includes channel selection and transmission parameters.

[0067] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps for generating a customized audio connection configuration scheme that includes channel selection and transmission parameters include: the connection negotiation engine analyzes the channel congestion, transmission delay and signal strength in the connection environment quality report, and classifies the channel quality into three levels: high quality, medium congestion and severe congestion.

[0068] It should be noted that after the previous implementation step generated a comprehensive connection environment quality report, this step will make intelligent decisions based on this report to select the optimal connection solution. The complete technical implementation process is as follows: First, the connection negotiation engine in the receiving device will automatically read and analyze the channel congestion, transmission delay, and signal strength in the connection environment quality report. Based on these quantitative indicators, the connection negotiation engine will execute a preset classification logic to assess and divide the current channel quality status into three distinct levels. If the report shows that the channel congestion is "low," the transmission delay is below the preset threshold, and the signal strength is "high," the channel quality is judged as "high quality." If the report shows that the channel congestion is "medium," the transmission delay is below the preset threshold, and the signal strength is "medium," it is judged as "medium congestion." If the report shows that the channel congestion is "high," the transmission delay is above the preset threshold, and the signal strength is "low," it is judged as "severe congestion."

[0069] For high-quality environments, standard audio connections are established directly using the main channel parameters. For moderately congested environments, backup frequencies provided in the environment summary are automatically selected for connection. For severely congested environments, a connection delay strategy is implemented or a decision to abandon the connection is made.

[0070] It should be noted that after classifying the channel quality levels, the system will initiate corresponding connection strategies based on different levels. For environments rated as "high-quality," the system will decide to directly use the primary channel parameters recommended in the target broadcast audio stream's environment summary signaling packet to establish a standard audio connection. For environments rated as "moderately congested," the system will automatically abandon the primary channel and instead select the backup frequency with the least interference and best quality from the backup frequency list provided in the environment summary signaling packet to avoid congestion. For environments rated as "severely congested," to avoid a poor user experience, the system will implement a connection delay strategy, i.e., suspend connection attempts and restart the environment assessment process after a random period of time, or directly abandon the connection decision after multiple failed attempts.

[0071] By combining the selected connection strategy and frequency parameters, a customized audio connection configuration scheme is generated, which includes channel selection, encoding format and transmission power.

[0072] It should be noted that, finally, the system will combine the results of the above strategy selection with the selected connection frequency parameters, and select the matching audio encoding format and appropriate transmission power level from the device's preset configuration library. It will then integrate these parameters to generate a complete and customized audio connection configuration scheme containing all the necessary connection information, which will serve as the direct instruction for establishing the connection in the next step.

[0073] Among these, the service quality-oriented connection strategy selection refers to the entire decision-making process prioritizing the quality of the end-user's auditory experience, dynamically adjusting connection behavior based on environmental conditions. The connection negotiation engine is a software decision-making unit that parses connection environment quality reports and automatically executes predefined rules to select the most suitable connection strategy. The connection delay strategy, when the network environment is extremely poor, involves the system proactively waiting for a period before attempting to connect, rather than immediately establishing a potentially unsuccessful connection, thereby increasing the probability and quality of a successful connection.

[0074] For example, continuing from the connection environment quality report generated in the previous example, the channel congestion level is "low," the transmission delay is 0.001 seconds, and the signal strength is "high." After analyzing this report, the connection negotiation engine, based on preset rules, classifies the current channel quality as "high quality." Therefore, the system selects a direct connection strategy and decides to adopt the primary channel parameters recommended by the broadcast source in the environment summary signaling packet. Finally, the system combines this decision to generate a customized audio connection configuration scheme, specifying that the connection should use a primary channel frequency of 2440 MHz, adopt the LC3 standard encoding format, and use 0 dBmW transmission power for communication.

[0075] S6. Audio Stream Reception Service Establishment: Adopts a customized audio connection configuration scheme to establish an automated audio stream reception service with a specific broadcast audio stream.

[0076] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of establishing an automated audio stream receiving service with a specific broadcast audio stream using a customized audio connection configuration scheme include: the receiving device directly switches the radio frequency module to a specified frequency and time slot according to the parameters in the customized audio connection configuration scheme, and synchronizes the audio decoder to the synchronization word of the target broadcast stream.

[0077] The receiving device completes signal synchronization and data stream locking with the broadcast source within one audio frame cycle, and immediately begins receiving and playing audio content.

[0078] While establishing the audio stream receiving service, the system initiates connection status monitoring to track changes in the user's spatial location vector and connection quality indicators in real time.

[0079] It should be noted that after generating a customized audio connection configuration scheme in the previous implementation step, this step will utilize this scheme to quickly establish a seamless audio connection. The complete technical implementation process is as follows: First, the receiving device immediately reads all parameters in the customized audio connection configuration scheme. According to the channel selection parameters specified in the scheme, the RF module within the receiving device will precisely switch its operating frequency and time slot to the one being used by the target audio broadcast stream, for example, switching to time slot 15 at a frequency of 2440 MHz. Simultaneously, the audio decoder inside the receiving device will initiate a synchronization procedure, starting to listen to the data stream on the designated channel and searching for the synchronization word that serves as the start of a frame. Once the audio decoder successfully captures the synchronization word of the target broadcast stream, it means that the clock of the receiving device has been aligned with the transmission clock of the broadcast source, achieving signal-level synchronization. Immediately afterwards, the system locks the data stream and begins continuously receiving audio data packets. The entire process from frequency switching to data stream locking is designed to be completed in a very short time, specifically within one standard Bluetooth audio frame period. This ensures the instantaneous nature of the connection. Once the data stream is locked, the receiving device immediately begins decoding the received audio data packets and converting them into playable audio signals, which are then sent to the speaker or headphones, allowing the user to hear the audio content. Crucially, the entire connection establishment and audio playback initiation process is fully automated, skipping all the steps required in traditional Bluetooth connections—such as manually searching for devices, selecting pairing options, and confirming the connection—achieving zero-handshake operation. Users do not need to interact with the system during this process. While successfully establishing the automated audio stream reception service, to ensure a stable connection, the system immediately activates the built-in connection status monitoring module. This module performs two tasks in parallel: first, it continuously receives and parses updates from the spatially aware beacon network to track changes in the user's spatial location vector in real time; second, it assesses the quality of the current audio connection in real time by monitoring metrics such as bit error rate and signal strength.

[0080] The radio frequency (RF) module is the hardware component of the receiving device responsible for wireless signal transmission and reception; its operating frequency and time slots can be controlled by software programming. A synchronization word is a known, fixed sequence of bits embedded in the digital broadcast signal stream. The receiver identifies this sequence to determine the start of a data frame and synchronizes its local clock with the transmitter. An audio frame period is the basic time unit for audio data stream transmission; its length is defined by the audio coding standard used and is typically between a few milliseconds and tens of milliseconds. Automated audio stream reception service refers to a service model that automatically completes the entire process from device discovery to audio playback without user intervention. Connection status monitoring is a continuous background process that collects and analyzes data related to user location and connection performance in real time.

[0081] For example, continuing the customized audio connection configuration scheme generated in the previous example, this scheme specifies the use of the main channel frequency of 2440 MHz. Based on this scheme, the receiving device immediately switches its RF module to the 2440 MHz frequency and begins listening. Within less than 10 milliseconds, or one audio frame period, the device's audio decoder successfully captures the synchronization word of the target broadcast stream, completing signal synchronization with the broadcast source and locking the audio data stream. The audio decoder immediately begins processing the received data, and the audio explanation of the museum exhibit is then played through the user's headphones. Throughout this process, the user does not perform any screen taps or button presses. Simultaneously with the audio playback, the connection status monitoring module within the receiving device also begins operating, tracking the user's position changes in front of the exhibit in real time and recording the current audio connection signal strength as -55dBm, providing data support for subsequent connection management.

[0082] S7. Lifecycle control mechanism trigger: After establishing an automated audio stream receiving service, continuously monitor the user's spatial location vector, and generate a dynamic connection lifecycle control mechanism that triggers momentary disconnection when the user's intention to leave is detected.

[0083] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of generating a dynamic connection lifecycle control mechanism that triggers instantaneous disconnection when the user's intention to leave is detected include: the connection status monitoring module continuously receives the position vector update of the spatially aware beacon and calculates the rate of change of distance between the user and the beacon and the direction of movement in real time.

[0084] It should be noted that after the previous implementation step successfully established and began monitoring the audio connection, this step will dynamically manage the entire lifecycle of the connection to achieve intelligent automatic disconnection. The complete technical implementation process is as follows: First, the connection status monitoring module already started on the receiving device will operate continuously. This module will continuously receive and process composite guidance signal updates containing user position vector data from the spatial sensing signal network. For each new set of user position vector data, the monitoring module will compare it with the data from the previous moment, thereby calculating in real time the rate of change of the user's distance relative to the ultra-wideband sensing device and the current direction of movement.

[0085] When the distance between the user and the ultra-wide sensing device is detected to be continuously increasing beyond a preset distance threshold, or when the motion vector shows that the user is moving away from the beacon area, it is determined to be an intention to leave and the disconnection preparation process is triggered.

[0086] It should be noted that the system has pre-set logical conditions for determining a user's intention to leave. These conditions include two checks: first, a distance threshold check, which determines whether the distance between the user and the sensing device is continuously increasing and whether the cumulative increase exceeds a preset distance threshold; and second, a movement direction check, which determines whether the user's latest movement vector clearly points away from the beacon coverage area. When the connection status monitoring module detects that the user's behavior simultaneously satisfies either or both of these conditions, the system determines that the user has a clear "leaving intention." Once the "leaving intention" is determined, the system immediately triggers a disconnection preparation process. This process first sends a stop command to the audio playback application to smoothly terminate audio playback and avoid sudden sound interruption.

[0087] The system performs a momentary disconnection operation, releasing the current audio connection resources, clearing the one-time connection authorization token, restoring the receiving device to a low-power space vector listening state, and completing the closed-loop management of the connection lifecycle.

[0088] It's important to note that immediately following this, the system performs a momentary disconnection operation, sending a command to the RF module to release the currently occupied audio connection channel and all related communication resources. Simultaneously, for security and efficiency, the system completely clears the one-time connection authorization token used for this connection from internal storage, ensuring it cannot be reused. After completing resource release and token clearing, the system restores the receiving device's state from active audio receiving mode back to the initial low-power space vector listening state. In this state, the device listens for signals from the space-aware beacon network with extremely low power consumption, awaiting the next potential connection opportunity. Through this series of operations, the system completes closed-loop management of the entire lifecycle of a connection, from establishment to termination.

[0089] Among them, space-aware automatic disconnection management is an intelligent connection management technology that uses changes in the user's physical location as the primary basis for disconnection, rather than traditional signal strength or manual user operation. The dynamic connection lifecycle control mechanism refers to the entire system's ability to automatically complete the entire process of connection establishment, maintenance, and termination based on changes in the environment and user behavior, forming a closed-loop control system that requires no manual intervention. The connection status monitoring module is a background software process that runs continuously after the connection is established, and its function is to monitor all input data related to the connection status in real time. The departure intention is a judgment derived by the system based on a series of user location change data, indicating that the user is leaving the service area. The preset distance threshold is a specific value set during the system design phase based on the needs of the application scenario and experimental data. The preset distance threshold can be set to 5 meters, depending on the size of the exhibition hall, to trigger specific system behaviors.

[0090] For example, continuing from the previous example, after listening to the explanation at the museum booth, the user turns to walk towards the next exhibition area. The connection status monitoring module in the receiving device continuously receives updates to the user's position vector. It calculates that the distance between the user and the ultra-wideband sensing device at the booth increases from 2 meters to 7 meters within 3 seconds. Since the distance increment of 5 meters has reached the preset distance threshold, and the motion vector shows that the user is moving towards the exit, the system determines that the user has "intended to leave." Immediately, the system smoothly stops the audio playback in the headphones, performs a momentary disconnection operation, releases the 2440 MHz channel resources, and completely deletes the previously used one-time connection authorization token "A7B3C9D1E5F8G2H4". Finally, the user's receiving device returns to a low-power space vector listening state, silently waiting to enter the next service area.

[0091] Reference Figure 2 The second aspect of the present invention provides a zero-handshake transient connection establishment system based on the Auracast protocol, comprising: a composite guidance signal generation module, a motion feature tag generation module, a specific broadcast audio stream scanning module, a connection environment quality report generation module, an audio connection configuration scheme generation module, an audio stream receiving service establishment module, and a lifecycle control mechanism triggering module.

[0092] The composite guidance signal generation module and the motion feature tag generation module are connected. Both the composite guidance signal generation module and the motion feature tag generation module are connected to the specific broadcast audio stream scanning module. The specific broadcast audio stream scanning module is connected to the connection environment quality report generation module. The connection environment quality report generation module is connected to the audio connection configuration scheme generation module. Both the specific broadcast audio stream scanning module and the audio connection configuration scheme generation module are connected to the audio stream receiving service establishment module. The audio stream receiving service establishment module is connected to the lifecycle control mechanism triggering module.

[0093] The composite guidance signal generation module generates a composite guidance signal that includes a user spatial location vector and a one-time connection authorization token.

[0094] The motion feature tag generation module generates motion feature tags that reflect the user's behavioral intentions based on the changing trend of the user's spatial position vector in the composite guidance signal.

[0095] The specific broadcast audio stream scanning module extracts and verifies a one-time connection authorization token in the composite guidance signal when the motion feature tag is a preset connection intent, so as to activate the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token.

[0096] The connection environment quality report generation module generates a connection environment quality report that assesses the current network status after directional scanning locates a specific broadcast audio stream through a multi-channel detection mechanism.

[0097] The audio connection configuration scheme generation module generates a customized audio connection configuration scheme, including channel selection and transmission parameters, based on the connection environment quality report.

[0098] The audio stream receiving service establishment module adopts a customized audio connection configuration scheme to establish an automated audio stream receiving service with a specific broadcast audio stream.

[0099] The lifecycle control mechanism triggering module continuously monitors the user's spatial location vector after establishing an automated audio stream receiving service, and generates a dynamic connection lifecycle control mechanism that triggers instantaneous disconnection when it detects the user's intention to leave.

[0100] The above content is merely an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, and all such modifications and additions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A zero handshake transient connection method based on Auracast protocol, characterized in that, Comprise: S1, composite guide signal generation: generate a composite guide signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time connection authorization token; S2, motion feature label generation: based on the change trend of the user space position vector in the composite guide signal, generate a motion feature label reflecting the user's behavior intention; S3, specific broadcast audio stream scanning: when the motion feature label is the preset connection intention, extract and verify the one-time connection authorization token in the composite guide signal to activate the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token; S4, connection environment quality report generation: after the directional scanning locates the specific broadcast audio stream, generate a connection environment quality report evaluating the current network status through a multi-channel detection mechanism; S5, audio connection configuration scheme generation: based on the connection environment quality report, generate a customized audio connection configuration scheme containing channel selection and transmission parameters; S6, audio stream receiving service establishment: using the customized audio connection configuration scheme, establish an automated audio stream receiving service with the specific broadcast audio stream; S7, life cycle control mechanism triggering: after establishing the automated audio stream receiving service, continuously monitor the user space position vector, and generate a dynamic connection life cycle control mechanism triggering instantaneous disconnection when detecting the user's leaving intention.

2. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of generating a composite guide signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time connection authorization token include: Install an ultra-wideband sensing device equipped with two known distance antennas in a specified physical area, start the dual-antenna cooperative working mode to generate an accurate measurement reference point of angle and distance; The ultra-wideband sensing device receives the ultra-wideband signal reflected by the user carrying the receiving device through the dual-antenna, calculates the time difference of arrival and the angle of arrival, and generates real-time user space position vector data; Bind the user space position vector data with the current timestamp, synchronously generate a unique one-time connection authorization token, and encapsulate to form a composite guide signal containing a user space position vector and a one-time connection authorization token.

3. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of generating a motion feature label reflecting the user's behavior intention include: Calculate the distance change rate and azimuth stability from the continuous user space position vector; According to the calculated distance change rate and azimuth stability, identify the user's behavior intention as approaching intention, staying intention or passing intention to generate a motion feature label.

4. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of activating the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token include: The connection decision engine checks the motion feature label, and only when the motion feature label shows approaching intention or staying intention, the next operation is triggered, and the ignore strategy is executed for passing intention; After confirming the user's intention, the system immediately extracts the one-time connection authorization token corresponding to the current timestamp, and verifies the validity period and integrity of the one-time connection authorization token; After the one-time connection authorization token verification is passed, activate the Bluetooth scanning function of the receiving device, but limit the scanning range to the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token.

5. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of generating a connection environment quality report evaluating the current network status through a multi-channel detection mechanism include: After the receiving device scans the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token, it parses the environment summary signaling packet in its preparation channel to obtain the local channel quality map on the broadcast source side; The receiving device sends an echo reply signal to the broadcast source's probe channel to measure the transmission delay and signal-to-noise ratio of the bidirectional link; Based on the local channel quality map, transmission delay and signal-to-noise ratio provided by the broadcast source, a connection environment quality report containing channel congestion, transmission delay and signal strength is generated.

6. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of generating a customized audio connection configuration scheme containing channel selection and transmission parameters include: The connection negotiation engine analyzes the channel congestion, transmission delay and signal strength in the connection environment quality report, and divides the channel quality into three levels: high quality, medium congestion and severe congestion; For high-quality environments, directly use the main channel parameters to establish a standard audio connection, for medium-congestion environments, automatically select the backup frequency provided in the environment summary for connection, and for severe-congestion environments, execute a connection delay strategy or abandon the connection decision; Combined with the selected connection strategy and frequency parameters, a customized audio connection configuration scheme containing channel selection, encoding format and transmission power is generated.

7. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of establishing an automated audio stream receiving service with a specific broadcast audio stream using the customized audio connection configuration scheme include: The receiving device directly switches the radio frequency module to the specified frequency and time slot according to the parameters in the customized audio connection configuration scheme, and synchronizes the audio decoder to the synchronization word of the target broadcast stream; The receiving device completes signal synchronization and data stream locking with the broadcast source within one audio frame period, and immediately starts receiving and playing audio content; When the system establishes the audio stream receiving service, it starts connection state monitoring, and tracks the user's spatial position vector changes and connection quality indicators in real time.

8. The Auracast protocol based zero handshake transient connection method according to claim 3, wherein: The specific steps of the dynamic connection life cycle control mechanism that generates a trigger for instantaneous disconnection when a user's intention to leave is detected include: The connection state monitoring module continuously receives position vector updates of the spatial awareness beacon, and calculates the distance change rate and motion direction of the user relative to the beacon in real time; When it is detected that the distance between the user and the ultra-wide awareness device continues to increase beyond a preset distance threshold, or the motion vector shows that the user is moving away from the beacon area, it is determined that the intention to leave is detected and the disconnection preparation process is triggered; The system performs an instantaneous disconnection operation, releases the current audio connection resources, clears the one-time connection authorization token, and restores the receiving device to a low-power spatial vector listening state, completing the closed-loop management of the connection life cycle.

9. Auracast protocol-based zero-handshake transient connection system, characterized by comprising: A composite guide signal generation module generates a composite guide signal containing a user spatial position vector and a one-time connection authorization token; A motion feature label generation module generates a motion feature label reflecting the user's behavior intention based on the change trend of the user's spatial position vector in the composite guide signal; When the motion feature label is a preset connection intention, the specific broadcast audio stream scanning module extracts and verifies the one-time connection authorization token in the composite guide signal to activate the directional scanning of the specific broadcast audio stream carrying the matching token. A connection environment quality report generation module, which generates a connection environment quality report evaluating current network conditions through a multi-channel probing mechanism after a directional scan locates a specific broadcast audio stream; An audio connection configuration scheme generation module, which generates a customized audio connection configuration scheme containing channel selection and transmission parameters based on the connection environment quality report; An audio stream reception service establishment module, which establishes an automated audio stream reception service with the specific broadcast audio stream using the customized audio connection configuration scheme; A life cycle control mechanism triggering module, which continuously monitors the user space position vector after the automated audio stream reception service is established, and generates a dynamic connection life cycle control mechanism triggering a transient disconnection when a user departure intention is detected.

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