Farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring device and method, and relates to the technical field of insect monitoring devices.The farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring device comprises an overground trapping device, an earth surface trapping device and an underground trapping device, the overground trapping device is installed on a supporting device, and the overground trapping device is used for capturing flying insects; the ground surface trapping device and the underground trapping device are both buried in the land, the ground surface trapping device is used for capturing reptiles on the ground surface, the underground trapping device is used for collecting animal information in the soil, a monitoring device, an environment sensor module and a power module are installed on the supporting device, and the monitoring device is used for monitoring the capturing condition of the ground surface trapping device; the environment sensor module is used for monitoring environment conditions, the monitoring device and the environment sensor module are electrically connected with the power supply module, and the monitoring device and the environment sensor module are electrically connected with the control background. According to the invention, insects on the ground, on the earth surface and under the ground can be monitored for a long time at the same time, and the comprehensiveness of insect condition monitoring is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of insect monitoring devices, in particular to a long-term monitoring device and method for monitoring invertebrates in a three-dimensional space in a farmland. BACKGROUND

[0002] A large number of invertebrates, including pests and beneficial insects, are distributed in orchard ecosystems. Timely monitoring of the population dynamics of these invertebrates is of great significance for pest control and biodiversity protection. In the prior art, traps and pitfalls are commonly used in agricultural production to monitor different groups of invertebrates. For example, sticky boards (yellow boards and other sticky trapping boards) use the color preference of insects to trap adult insects and are widely used in greenhouse and orchard pest monitoring. Yellow sticky boards are often used to trap small flying insects such as whiteflies, thrips, and aphids, while blue boards can be used to trap insects such as thrips. In addition, sex pheromone traps are also commonly used monitoring tools in orchards. By using artificially synthesized sex attractants, the traps can trap the male insects of specific pests to determine the peak of insect occurrence and the appropriate time for control. For example, orchard growers use sex traps to monitor the adult emergence peak of moths such as the pear fruit borer and the peach fruit borer, so as to spray pesticides at the appropriate time for control. For ground-dwelling arthropods (such as ground beetles and arachnids), pitfall traps (i.e. jar traps) are usually used. The traps are buried in the ground to passively collect crawling invertebrates, and the population trend is drawn based on the species and number of insects collected in the traps over a period of time.

[0003] However, existing monitoring methods often focus on a certain spatial level or specific groups, lacking comprehensive monitoring of the entire "three-dimensional space". For example, ground pitfall traps can only collect ground-dwelling invertebrates (such as ground beetles and pill bugs), and cannot effectively monitor most insects with flying ability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a long-term monitoring device and method for monitoring invertebrates in a three-dimensional space in a farmland to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a long-term monitoring device and method for monitoring invertebrates in a three-dimensional space in a farmland to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can simultaneously monitor insects above ground, on the ground, and underground, improving the comprehensiveness of pest monitoring.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions: The application discloses a farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring device, which comprises an above-ground trapping device, a ground surface trapping device and an underground trapping device.

[0007] Preferably, the above-ground trapping device comprises a sticky insect board and a Malaise net device.

[0008] Preferably, the ground surface trapping device comprises a ground surface trapping container, the upper end of the ground surface trapping container is open, the opening of the ground surface trapping container is flush with the ground surface, and the ground surface trapping container contains a preservation liquid.

[0009] Preferably, the ground surface trapping device is provided with a ground surface rain-shielding baffle above.

[0010] Preferably, the underground trapping device comprises an underground sampling pipe, the lower end of the underground sampling pipe is inserted into the underground, the upper end of the underground sampling pipe is located on the ground, the upper end of the underground sampling pipe is detachably connected with a sealing cover, a plurality of sampling holes are arranged on the side wall of the underground sampling pipe, and a sampling bag is arranged in the underground sampling pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the support device comprises a support base, a support column is connected to the upper end of the support base, and a support rain-shielding baffle is fixed to the upper end of the support column.

[0012] Preferably, the monitoring device is a camera.

[0013] Preferably, the environmental sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an illumination sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the illumination sensor are all arranged on an electric control box, and the electric control box is fixed to the support device.

[0014] Preferably, the power module comprises a solar photovoltaic panel and a storage battery, the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged on the top of the support base, and the solar photovoltaic panel and the storage battery are electrically connected.

[0015] The application discloses a farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring method, which is based on the above farmland invertebrate three-dimensional space long-term monitoring device and comprises the following steps: S1. Select several locations within the area to be monitored and set up a three-dimensional spatial long-term monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland as monitoring points; S2. Install the above-ground trapping device on the support device, and bury the surface trapping device and the underground trapping device on the ground. S3. The monitoring device is used to monitor the capture status of the ground-based trapping device in real time, and the environmental sensor module is used to monitor the environmental conditions of the monitoring point in real time. The monitoring device and the environmental sensor module transmit the monitoring information to the control backend in real time. S4. The control backend is used to collect the monitoring information transmitted by the monitoring device and the environmental sensor module, and to perform data analysis on the monitoring information.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention includes above-ground trapping devices, surface trapping devices, and underground trapping devices, which are used to capture insects at different levels above ground, on the surface, and underground, thereby achieving comprehensive monitoring of "three-dimensional space" and improving the comprehensiveness of insect monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional spatial long-term monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland, as shown in Example 1. In the diagram: 1-Above-ground trapping device; 101-Sticky sticky insect board; 102-Ma's net device; 2-Surface trapping device; 201-Surface trapping container; 202-Surface rain shelter; 3-Underground trapping device; 301-Underground sampling tube; 302-Sealing cap; 303-Sampling hole; 4-Supporting device; 401-Supporting base; 402-Supporting column; 403-Supporting rain shelter; 5-Monitoring device; 6-Environmental sensor module; 7-Power supply module; 701-Solar photovoltaic panel; 8-Electrical control box. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional long-term monitoring device and method for invertebrates in farmland, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It can simultaneously monitor insects on the ground, surface and underground for a long time, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of insect monitoring.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional long-term monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland, including a ground-level trapping device 1, a surface trapping device 2, and an underground trapping device 3. The ground-level trapping device 1 is mounted on a support device 4 and is used to capture flying insects. Both the surface trapping device 2 and the underground trapping device 3 are buried in the soil. The surface trapping device 2 is used to capture invertebrates crawling on the ground, and the underground trapping device 3 is used to collect information on invertebrates living in the soil. A monitoring device 5, an environmental sensor module 6, and a power module 7 are installed on the support device 4. The monitoring device 5 monitors the capture status of the ground-level trapping device 1, and the environmental sensor module 6 monitors the environmental conditions. Both the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6 are electrically connected to the power module 7, which provides the necessary power for their operation. Both the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6 are electrically connected to a control backend, which is an existing host computer used to collect and analyze the monitoring information from the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6.

[0023] In practical use, the above-ground trapping device 1 is used to capture flying insects, the surface trapping device 2 is used to capture invertebrates crawling on the ground, and the underground trapping device 3 is used to collect information on invertebrates living in the soil. This allows for simultaneous monitoring of insect infestations at three levels: above ground, surface, and underground. The monitoring information from the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6 is transmitted to the control backend. The control backend then collects and analyzes the insect-catching data from the above-ground trapping device 1, the surface trapping device 2, and the underground trapping device 3.

[0024] In this embodiment, the ground trapping device 1 can be an existing sticky insect board 101 and a Ma's net device 102.

[0025] The sticky insect board 101 is coated with a strong, long-lasting adhesive that traps flying insects. The preferred color for the sticky insect board 101 is yellow to attract a wide range of orchard pests; however, it can be replaced with a blue board to specifically trap thrips and other small insects. Furthermore, both sides of the sticky insect board 101 can be used as trapping areas. When the stickiness on one side decreases, workers can flip the sticky insect board 101 over, thus extending its lifespan. Of course, both sides can be used simultaneously if necessary.

[0026] The Ma's net device 102 consists of two parts: a Ma's net collection bottle and the Ma's net body. The Ma's net body is made of black and white mesh, with black mesh on the vertical sides and white mesh on the top, forming a tent-like shape. Flying or crawling insects, after hitting the vertical black mesh, are attracted by the strong light from the white mesh on top, climb upwards, and eventually fall into the Ma's net collection bottle. During installation, an installation slot needs to be made on the support device 4 to insert the Ma's net collection bottle. The height of the Ma's net body should be adjusted and determined to be 1m, with a height error controlled within 5cm. When setting up the Ma's net device 102, it is essential to ensure that the Ma's net collection bottle faces the sunlight and is aligned with the prevailing wind direction during the collection period. Simultaneously, the height of the Ma's net collection bottle should be at least 10cm higher than the height of the Ma's net body to avoid accidental trapping of surface-dwelling invertebrates. The bottom vertical mesh of the Ma's net body should be perpendicular to the ground and in close contact with the soil surface. Add two-thirds of the volume of 75% alcohol to the Mascherano collection bottle to quickly and effectively kill any invertebrates that enter the bottle and prevent putrefaction. If a single monitoring period is longer than one month, the 75% alcohol in the Mascherano collection bottle can be replaced with 95% alcohol, but be aware that this may cause the specimens to become fragile.

[0027] In this embodiment, the surface trapping device 2 includes a surface trapping container 201, which is a cylindrical plastic cup with an open top. The opening of the surface trapping container 201 is flush with the ground surface, and the surface trapping container 201 is filled with an ethanol-glycerol mixture to one-third of its height as a preservation solution. Of course, it can also be placed dry and the capture can be checked periodically (depending on the nature of the target organism).

[0028] In this embodiment, a surface rain shelter 202 is provided above the surface trapping device 2. Specifically, multiple legs can be installed on the ground, with the upper ends of each leg collectively supporting the surface rain shelter 202. The surface rain shelter 202 is located 5 cm above the surface trapping container 201. The surface rain shelter 202 is a circular plate, and its diameter is 2-3 times larger than the diameter of the opening of the surface trapping container 201. The surface rain shelter 202 serves to prevent rain and avoid fallen leaves and debris from falling into the surface trapping container 201. A gap is left between the surface rain shelter 202 and the opening of the surface trapping container 201 to ensure that small arthropods can still crawl into the container from the side when moving along the ground. To enhance the trapping effect, a small amount of decomposed wheat bran or beer, or other attractive mediums, can be placed in the surface trapping container 201 to attract mites, springtails, and other small underground invertebrates to fall into the surface trapping container 201.

[0029] In this embodiment, the underground trapping device 3 includes an underground sampling tube 301, located near the surface trapping container 201, approximately within half a meter. The underground sampling tube 301 is made of rigid PVC plastic, with an outer diameter of 6 cm and a length of 30 cm. The lower 20 cm section is inserted into the ground and buried in the soil, while the upper end of the underground sampling tube 301 is above ground, specifically with the upper 10 cm protruding from the surface as an operating interface. A sealing cap 302 is detachably connected to the upper end of the underground sampling tube 301 to prevent foreign objects from falling into the underground sampling tube 301 and to reduce surface exchange. The sealing cap 302 and the underground sampling tube 301 can be connected by a threaded connection or a plug-in connection. The lower end of the underground sampling tube 301 is a closed end. Multiple sampling holes 303 are provided on the side wall of the underground sampling tube 301. The diameter of the sampling hole 303 is 2cm, which allows soil animals outside the underground sampling tube 301 to enter the internal space of the underground sampling tube 301. The sampling holes 303 are covered with a 10mm mesh to prevent a large amount of soil from entering the underground sampling tube 301 while allowing microorganisms to pass through. A sampling bag is placed inside the underground sampling tube 301. Two to four tension lines are connected to the opening of the sampling bag. It should be noted that the sampling holes 303 are located in the upper section of the underground portion of the underground sampling tube 301. For example, if the underground portion of the underground sampling tube 301 is 20cm deep, then all the sampling holes 303 will be concentrated around the upper 10cm section of the underground portion. The sampling bag is located at the bottom inside the underground sampling tube 301, and the height of the lowest sampling hole 303 must be higher than the height of the upper opening of the sampling bag. The tension lines at the opening of the sampling bag extend upwards in different directions and protrude from the upper opening of the underground sampling tube 301. Once the sealing cap 302 is fixed, the tension lines can be secured, ensuring that the opening of the sampling bag remains open. If necessary, bait can also be placed inside the sampling bag.

[0030] When sampling is required, simply open the sealing cap 302. To obtain small soil animals, simply pull out the collection bag using the tension line. Of course, some insects may adhere to the inner wall of the underground sampling tube 301. In this case, an existing insect aspirator can be used to extract the small arthropods from the tube wall, thus improving sampling accuracy. For larger soil animals (such as earthworms and mole crickets), diluted formalin solution can be sprinkled around the location of the underground sampling tube 301, and the sealing cap 302 can be quickly closed. This will stimulate the underground organisms to crawl into the underground sampling tube 301. After a few minutes, the sealing cap 302 can be opened for collection. The underground sampling tube 301 allows researchers to perform standardized multiple samplings of organisms in the same soil layer at the same location without having to dig up large areas of soil each time, minimizing disturbance to the monitoring site environment.

[0031] In this embodiment, the support device 4 includes a support base 401, which is constructed of steel anchors or cement piles and buried deep underground to provide support. A support column 402 is connected to the upper end of the support base 401, ensuring the entire support device 4 is stable and not easily tilted or displaced. An umbrella-shaped rain shield 403 is fixed to the upper end of the support column 402. The rain shield 403 serves to protect the monitoring device 5 and the sticky insect board 101 from wind and rain, preventing them from being damaged or malfunctioning due to wind and rain.

[0032] In this embodiment, the monitoring device 5 is a camera, which is positioned to shoot downwards at the upper surface of the sticky insect board 101. This arrangement allows the camera to clearly image the entire upper surface of the sticky insect board 101 and avoids glare caused by direct sunlight. The camera can be fixed to an angle-adjustable bracket, thereby adjusting the downward shooting angle of the camera to obtain the best shooting field of view. The angle-adjustable bracket is fixed to the support column 402, and the angle-adjustable bracket can be an existing ball joint bracket or a gimbal bracket, etc.

[0033] In this embodiment, the environmental sensor module 6 includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a light sensor. The temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature, the humidity sensor measures the ambient humidity, and the light sensor measures the ambient light intensity. All three sensors are mounted on the electrical control box 8, which is fixed to the support column 402 of the support device 4. To secure the electrical control box 8 and the sticky insect board 101, the support column 402 has corresponding platforms for supporting both. The electrical control box 8 is made of plastic with a black adhesive sun-protective coating to reduce heat generation from sunlight and extend its lifespan. One side of the electrical control box 8 has louvers. The temperature, humidity, and light sensors are housed inside the box, but their probes can extend through the louver openings to measure external information.

[0034] In addition, the environmental sensor module 6 also includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor, which is buried underground to monitor the temperature and humidity of the underground soil.

[0035] In this embodiment, the power module 7 includes a solar photovoltaic panel 701 and a battery. The solar photovoltaic panel 701 is mounted on top of the support base 401, and the battery is located inside the electrical control box 8. The solar photovoltaic panel 701 and the battery are electrically connected via wires. The monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6 are also electrically connected to the battery via wires. The wires between the solar photovoltaic panel 701 and the battery can pass through the center of the support column 402 to avoid exposing the wires to the outside. Of course, the circuit between the solar photovoltaic panel 701 and the battery also connects common components of solar photovoltaic modules, such as existing photovoltaic charging controllers. Since these are existing technologies, they will not be described in detail. In actual use, the solar photovoltaic panel converts light energy into electrical energy and transmits it to the battery. The battery then transmits the electrical energy to the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6, providing them with power.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring of invertebrates in farmland, based on the long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device 5 for invertebrates in farmland disclosed in Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps: S1. Monitoring Point Deployment: Select several locations within the monitoring area (including but not limited to orchards) to set up long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring devices 5 for farmland invertebrates as monitoring points. For example, monitoring points can be evenly distributed around the orchard and in the central area according to the orchard area and topography, or monitoring points can be set up in different microhabitats (forest edges, forests, low-lying areas, slopes, etc.) as needed. Each monitoring point's long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device 5 for farmland invertebrates serves as a three-dimensional monitoring unit covering the above-ground, surface, and underground areas, used for long-term observation of the invertebrate community dynamics at that location.

[0037] S2. Deploy trapping devices at monitoring points: Install ground trapping device 1 on support device 4, and bury surface trapping device 2 and underground trapping device 3 on the ground.

[0038] The ground-based trapping device 1 is deployed (including sticky insect boards 101 and a mackerel net device 102): Colored sticky insect boards 101 are placed in the upper space above each monitoring point as the ground-based trapping device 1. Preferably, yellow sticky insect boards 101 are used and installed on the upper surface of the support platform of the sticky insect board 101 on the support column 402 (the support platform of the sticky insect board 101 is 1-1.5 meters above the ground), utilizing the insects' attraction to yellow to attract flying insects. The sticky insect board 101 can be double-sided and can be replaced periodically or automatically flipped to update the sticky surface as needed to ensure continuous trapping effect. The mackerel net device 102 is used to intercept flying insects, avoiding the problem that some flying insects cannot be obtained using the sticky insect board 101, thus preventing a reduction in measurement accuracy.

[0039] Deployment of the surface trapping device 2: A surface trapping device 2 is installed on the surface of each monitoring point to capture invertebrates crawling on the ground. A preferred method is to dig a small cylindrical pit at the monitoring point and bury an upward-opening surface trapping container 201 (such as a plastic cup or wide-mouthed bottle) inside, ensuring the rim of the container 201 is flush with the surface soil. A certain amount of preservation solution (such as ethanol or soapy water) can be pre-placed inside the container 201 to prevent insects from escaping and to preserve the sample. To prevent rainwater intrusion and other interference, a surface rain shield 202 can be placed above the container 201, maintaining a certain gap between it and the rim of the container 201, ensuring that crawling organisms can enter the container 201 while most of the rainwater is blocked. The surface trapping device 2 is usually installed directly below the sticky insect board 101, close to the ground, so that crawling organisms within the vertical projection range of the monitoring point have a chance to be captured. The surface trapping device 2 in this embodiment is designed with long-term stability in mind - the surface trapping container 201 is completely buried underground to prevent it from being blown away by the wind or overturned by animals, thereby ensuring the continuity of long-term collection.

[0040] Deployment of the underground trapping device 3: An underground sampling tube 301 is installed at each monitoring point to collect information on invertebrates living in the soil. A predetermined length of underground sampling tube 301 (such as a PVC plastic pipe), with a diameter of 5-10 cm and a burial depth of 20-30 cm, is vertically buried near the surface trapping device 2. When it is necessary to collect underground soil animal samples, the sealing cap 302 can be opened, and the sampling bag can be pulled out by tightening the line to obtain deep soil samples or place the trapping medium. For example, the sampling bag containing bait (such as humus or wheat bran) can be placed at the bottom of the underground sampling tube 301 for a period of time, and then taken out for analysis of the soil arthropods that have entered it. Alternatively, a certain amount of water can be injected into the soil around the sampling tube to induce soil animals to move into the underground sampling tube 301 and be collected. Through the fixed underground sampling tube 301, the community changes of underground soil invertebrates such as earthworms, colliders, and insect larvae can be repeatedly sampled and analyzed with minimal soil disturbance. This step provides a window into the entire monitoring system for observing underground biodiversity, extending the monitoring level to the soil ecosystem.

[0041] S3. Image acquisition and transmission: The monitoring device 5 is used to monitor the capture status of the ground trapping device 1 in real time, and the environmental sensor module 6 is used to monitor the environmental conditions of the monitoring point in real time. The monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6 transmit the monitoring information to the control backend in real time.

[0042] Specifically, this embodiment includes a monitoring device 5 for the sticky insect board 101 on the ground. Preferably, a high-definition camera is installed at the monitoring point to take periodic photos or videos of the sticky insect board 101's adhesion surface. The camera can be positioned on top of the sticky insect board 101, shooting directly at it from above, thus comprehensively recording information about the adhered insects. The image acquisition interval can be set as needed, such as taking 1-3 photos daily, and the shooting frequency can be increased during peak periods of target pest detection. The captured images can be transmitted to a control backend or cloud platform via wired or wireless network for remote viewing and analysis by researchers. In cases where real-time network connectivity is unavailable, the monitoring device 5 can also temporarily store images in a local storage device (such as an SD card), with data collected periodically by personnel visiting the monitoring point. Preferably, this invention uses a solar photovoltaic module to power the camera, enabling long-term continuous operation in the field.

[0043] To better understand the reasons for changes in invertebrate populations, this embodiment includes an environmental sensor module 6 for collecting environmental factor data at the monitoring site. The environmental sensor module 6 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, and a soil temperature and humidity sensor. The temperature, humidity, and light sensors can be installed below the supporting rain shield 403, close to the fruit tree canopy, to record meteorological data of the microenvironment of the sticky insect trap 101. The soil temperature and humidity sensor can be buried in the shallow soil near the underground surface trapping container 201 or the underground trapping device 3 to monitor changes in the rhizosphere environment. The environmental sensor module 6 records data synchronously with the monitoring device 5 at regular intervals, for example, once per hour, and stores and uploads it along with the image data. Through long-term accumulation of data such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity, the correlation between environmental changes and insect activity can be analyzed. For example, if the monitoring records show a sudden decrease in the number of a beneficial insect accompanied by a sudden drop in soil moisture, it may indicate that drought stress has had an adverse effect on it; similarly, increased air humidity after rainfall may lead to reduced activity of some small insects with weak wings. Therefore, the collection of environmental data provides an important auxiliary interpretive dimension for pest monitoring, which is conducive to identifying potential influencing factors in advance and taking countermeasures.

[0044] S4. The control backend is used to collect monitoring information transmitted by the monitoring device 5 and the environmental sensor module 6, and to perform data analysis on the monitoring information.

[0045] Example 3 This embodiment provides a specific operational example of a method for long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring of invertebrates in farmland, based on the long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device 5 for invertebrates in farmland disclosed in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1. Monitoring Point Setup: Five monitoring points were set up in the 20-hectare vineyard using a "plum blossom stake" layout, with each point approximately 200 meters apart, covering different areas inside and around the orchard. Two points were located in the center of the orchard, two in the northeast and southwest corners, and one on the west side of the adjacent woodland to compare data under different environmental gradients. Each monitoring point was equipped with the long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device 5 for farmland invertebrates disclosed in Example 1. Each device 5 was erected in the open space between rows of fruit trees, slightly higher than the surrounding grass to ensure the sticky insect board 101 was unobstructed. During installation, the camera angle was adjusted so that when the camera was pointing directly at the sticky insect board 101, the entire board was visible in the camera view, ensuring image quality.

[0046] S2. Device Debugging and Calibration: Start monitoring device 5 and set the camera to take 3 photos of the sticky insect board 101 every 10 minutes daily to record data before and after the peak of pest activity during the day and in the evening. The environmental sensor module 6 is set to record data every half hour. Connect all devices to the monitoring cloud platform via wireless network and confirm that data upload is normal. During the first week of monitoring, manually inspect each monitoring point daily, compare the actual number of insects on the sticky insect board 101 with the results of remote photo recognition, and calibrate the camera focus and exposure parameters to ensure that major pests (such as leafhoppers, aphids, whiteflies, and other small insects with an average body length of 2-3 mm) can be identified and counted in the photos. Simultaneously check the liquid level and capture status of the surface trapping device 2, as well as the sealing of the underground sampling tube 301, making adjustments as necessary.

[0047] S3. Supplementary Manual Sampling: Data from the surface trapping device 2 and the underground sampling tube 301 are supplemented monthly through manual collection. At the end of each month, technicians visit each monitoring point, pour the captured material from the surface trapping device 2 into capped sample bottles, add alcohol for preservation, and bring them back to the laboratory for identification. Simultaneously, soil biological samples are obtained using the underground sampling tube 301: First, the sampling bag pre-placed inside the underground sampling tube 301 is removed, the organisms are collected, and fresh bait is added before returning it for continued trapping; second, a soil sample plot (20cm×20cm×20cm) is excavated near the underground sampling tube 301, sieved, and separated from the soil arthropods using a Berlese funnel. Because the underground sampling tube 301 aggregates some of the surrounding soil animals, experiments show that the number of springtails and millipedes in samples excavated within 1 meter of the underground sampling tube 301 is significantly lower than the number in samples from the underground sampling tube 301 itself, indicating that the underground sampling tube 301 has a certain aggregation and collection effect. After classification and identification, the species and abundance data of these offline samples are entered into the database and analyzed in conjunction with the aboveground and surface data obtained by automatic monitoring.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0049] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] If this invention discloses or relates to components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, a fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (e.g., using bolts or screws) or a non-detachable fixed connection (e.g., riveting, welding). Of course, a fixed connection can also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g., manufactured in one piece using a casting process) (except where it is obviously impossible to use an integral molding process).

[0051] In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar to, close to, or approximate with those states or shapes.

[0052] Any component provided by this invention can be assembled from multiple individual components or can be a single component manufactured by a one-piece molding process.

[0053] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification, so as to enable those skilled in the art to understand and read them, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0054] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same component or the same part.

[0055] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0056] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional spatial long-term monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland, characterized in that: The device includes a ground-based trapping device (1), a surface trapping device (2), and an underground trapping device (3). The ground-based trapping device (1) is installed on a support device (4) and is used to catch flying insects. The surface trapping device (2) and the underground trapping device (3) are both buried in the soil. The surface trapping device (2) is used to catch surface reptiles, and the underground trapping device (3) is used to collect animal information in the soil. The support device (4) is equipped with a monitoring device (5), an environmental sensor module (6), and a power supply module (7). The monitoring device (5) is used to monitor the catching status of the ground-based trapping device (1), and the environmental sensor module (6) is used to monitor the environmental conditions. The monitoring device (5) and the environmental sensor module (6) are both electrically connected to the power supply module (7), and the monitoring device (5) and the environmental sensor module (6) are both electrically connected to the control backend.

2. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground trapping device (1) includes a sticky insect board (101) and a Ma's net device (102).

3. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface trapping device (2) includes a surface trapping container (201), the upper end of the surface trapping container (201) is open, the opening of the surface trapping container (201) is flush with the ground surface, and the surface trapping container (201) contains a preservation liquid.

4. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface trapping device (2) is provided with a surface rain shield (202) above it.

5. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground trapping device (3) includes an underground sampling tube (301), the lower end of which is inserted into the ground and the upper end of which is located on the ground. A sealing cap (302) is detachably connected to the upper end of the underground sampling tube (301). Multiple sampling holes (303) are provided on the side wall of the underground sampling tube. A sampling bag is placed in the underground sampling tube (301).

6. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device (4) includes a support base (401), the upper end of which is connected to a support column (402), and the upper end of the support column (402) is fixed with a support rain shield (403).

7. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device (5) is a camera.

8. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental sensor module (6) includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a light sensor. The temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the light sensor are all installed on the electrical control box (8), which is fixed on the support device (4).

9. The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module (7) includes a solar photovoltaic panel (701) and a battery. The solar photovoltaic panel (701) is installed on the top of the support base (401), and the solar photovoltaic panel (701) and the battery are electrically connected.

10. A method for long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring of invertebrates in farmland, characterized in that, The long-term three-dimensional spatial monitoring device for farmland invertebrates according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Select several locations within the area to be monitored and set up a three-dimensional spatial long-term monitoring device for invertebrates in farmland as monitoring points; S2. Install the above-ground trapping device (1) on the support device (4), and bury the surface trapping device (2) and the underground trapping device (3) on the ground. S3. The monitoring device (5) is used to monitor the capture status of the ground trapping device (1) in real time, and the environmental sensor module (6) is used to monitor the environmental conditions of the monitoring point in real time. The monitoring device (5) and the environmental sensor module (6) transmit the monitoring information to the control backend in real time. S4. The control backend is used to collect the monitoring information transmitted by the monitoring device (5) and the environmental sensor module (6), and to perform data analysis on the monitoring information.

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