Erosion shoreline vigor coast construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an erosion shoreline vigor coast construction method, and relates to the technical field of coastal zone ecological restoration, development and utilization. According to the mode, four technical modes of a green port, fishing and light complementation, an ecological seawall and a healthy beach are systematically provided for different coast types. The core of the method is that a series of natural-based solutions such as a permeable platform, ecological concrete, an artificial fish reef, a suspension cable type photovoltaic support, a flexible sand dune seawall, an artificial oyster reef, a vegetation protection belt and maintenance sand supplement are adopted, and ecological transformation or replacement is carried out on traditional hard engineering. The method aims at solving the contradiction between coast development and ecological protection, the targets of disaster prevention and reduction, resource development and ecological system integrity maintenance are cooperatively achieved by repairing and enhancing the function of the natural coast, and the comprehensive toughness and sustainable development capacity of the coast zone are effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and development of coastal zones, and in particular to a vitality coastal zone construction method taking a natural-based solution as the core and used for systematically constructing a vitality coastal zone with ecological, economic and safety functions. BACKGROUND

[0002] The coastal zone is a key zone of interaction between the sea and the land, and is also a region with intensive human activities and fragile ecological environment. The mainland coastline of China is long, and more than 60% of the coastline has been developed and utilized. However, in the process of high-intensity development, the contradiction between the traditional development mode and ecological protection is becoming increasingly acute.

[0003] On the one hand, in the development and utilization of the coastal zone, there is a common thinking of emphasizing engineering and neglecting ecology. For example, the traditional port construction often adopts a large-scale reclamation method, which not only changes the natural coastline shape, but also hinders the exchange of nearshore hydrodynamic force, easily causing problems such as coastal erosion, sediment deposition and water quality deterioration. The fish-light complementary mode that has emerged in recent years, although it improves the space utilization efficiency, the dense layout of photovoltaic panels may affect the fishing operations below, shield the sunlight and damage the underwater vegetation, and interfere with the habitat of birds and other organisms, and cannot completely coordinate the relationship between energy development and ecological protection.

[0004] On the other hand, in the protection and restoration of the coastal zone, the traditional means also has limitations. The hard seawall and other protection projects are common means of preventing tides, but their solid structure breaks the continuity of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems, destroys the natural form of the tidal wetland, and leads to a decrease in biodiversity and a decrease in the self-purification capacity of the water body. Even if some projects are modified to be "ecological", they mostly stay at the surface landscaping and cannot fundamentally restore the ecological function of the coastal zone. For the problem of beach erosion, although the traditional hard protection measures such as groins and breakwaters can play a role in sand fixation in a local area, they often destroy the overall dynamic balance of the sand beach and exacerbate the erosion problem in other areas, and there is an urgent need for more flexible and ecological restoration solutions.

[0005] Overall, the current governance mode of the coastal zone needs to be changed from the traditional "emphasis on engineering and neglect of ecology" and "emphasis on development and neglect of restoration" to seek a coordinated path that meets the development needs of disaster prevention, transportation, energy and other needs while maintaining the integrity and health of the coastal ecosystem. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application is an erosion coastline vitality coastal zone construction method, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] According to the type of the coastal zone and the development and protection needs, at least one of the following technical modes is selected to process the target coastline:

[0008] Green port technology model: sequentially or selectively setting up permeable platforms, artificial reef bottom protection, ecological concrete retaining walls and ecological slope protection;

[0009] Nearshore tidal flats and waters: a fishery-solar complementary technology model includes setting up a fishery-solar complementary aquaculture area, and optionally setting up an ecological wetland expansion area and an artificial oyster belt;

[0010] Ecological seawall technical model: From land to sea, the main body of the ecological seawall, artificial oyster reefs, groynes, vegetation protection belts, wave-dissipating submerged dikes, artificial reefs and seaweed beds are set up sequentially or selectively.

[0011] Beach ecological restoration technology models include the implementation of flexible sand dune seawalls, sand maintenance and replenishment, sandy headlands and underwater sandbars.

[0012] Furthermore, in the green port technology model, the permeable platform retains the natural seabed base, allowing water flow; the ecological concrete retaining wall is made of low-alkali cement incorporating biocompatible materials; the artificial reef bottom protection is a prefabricated component or natural stone with a rough surface and porous structure; and the ecological slope protection uses ecological blocks, ecological frames, or gabion cages.

[0013] Furthermore, the biocompatible material incorporated into the ecological concrete retaining wall is at least one of shell powder, coral sand, or rice husk ash.

[0014] Furthermore, in the nearshore tidal flats and waters, the solar-fishery complementary technology model uses a suspension support system to install photovoltaic modules in the solar-fishery complementary aquaculture area to ensure the space for fishery operations below; the ecological wetland expansion area creates habitats by constructing diverse micro-topography and planting native aquatic and wetland plants; and the artificial oyster belt is set up on the seaward side of the aquaculture area.

[0015] Furthermore, in the aforementioned ecological seawall technology model, the main body of the ecological seawall is a multi-level slope hybrid seawall type, and its seaward side revetment is modified by porosification or greening; the artificial oyster reef is arranged at the toe of the seawall for ecological protection; the main body of the groynes is made of crushed stone or gabion mesh, and the revetment is made of artificial reefs; the vegetation protection belt uses native salt-tolerant plants such as mangroves, Suaeda salsa, or Tamarix chinensis.

[0016] Furthermore, the porous transformation of the main body of the ecological seawall is achieved by using ecological blocks or ecological frames; the greening transformation is achieved by planting native salt- and alkali-tolerant plants such as sea privet, Suaeda salsa, Bermuda grass, or Tamarix chinensis.

[0017] Furthermore, in the aforementioned beach ecological restoration technology model, the flexible sand dune seawall is formed by accumulating sediment on the back shore of the beach and planting suitable vegetation on the sand dunes; the underwater sandbar is constructed by dumping sediment underwater near the shore and reinforcing it with geotextile bags on its seaward side; the sandy headland is set perpendicular to the coastline to intercept and transport sediment; the maintenance and replenishment of sand adopts the method of replenishing sand on the beach shoulder, using sandy materials that are consistent with the characteristics of local sediments.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention provides a method for constructing revitalized coastlines along eroded shorelines, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies where coastal development and ecological protection conflict. Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0020] This invention provides a systematic technical solution that integrates various technical models for different shoreline types, such as "green ports," "solar-fishery integration," "ecological seawalls," and "healthy beaches," applying nature-based solutions to coastal engineering. This method does not employ a single rigid engineering structure, but rather achieves engineering needs and ecological protection goals synergistically by repairing and enhancing the structure and function of the natural coastline itself. For example, in port construction, by setting up permeable platforms and using technologies such as ecological concrete, port functions are achieved while minimizing interference with local hydrodynamic conditions and marine habitats. In coastal protection, by constructing ecological seawalls composed of multi-level ecological units (such as artificial oyster reefs, vegetation protection zones, and seaweed beds) or implementing flexible dune seawalls, necessary protective capabilities are provided while maintaining and restoring coastal ecological connectivity and biodiversity. Furthermore, for the development of nearshore tidal flats, optimizing the support structure of the solar-fishery integration model solves the spatial compatibility problem between clean energy production and lower-level fishery operations, improving the overall efficiency of space utilization.

[0021] In summary, this invention, through systematic ecological design, can not only effectively address the ecological degradation problems caused by traditional coastal engineering, but also help enhance the self-regulation capacity and overall resilience of coastal ecosystems in the face of external pressures (such as storm surges). Thus, while achieving functions such as disaster prevention and mitigation, transportation and shipping, and energy development, it promotes the comprehensive improvement of the ecological, social, and economic benefits of the coastal zone. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological seawall technology model of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the green port technology model of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the nearshore tidal flat solar-fishery complementary technology mode of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the beach ecological restoration technology model of the present invention;

[0026] In the picture:

[0027] 1. Main body of ecological seawall, 2. Artificial oyster reef, 3. Groynes, 4. Vegetation protection zone, 5. Wave-dissipating submerged breakwater, 6. Artificial reef, 7. Seaweed farm. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-4 The present invention will be further described below.

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] This invention provides a method for constructing vibrant coastlines. Its core lies in selectively applying one or more integrated nature-based solutions based on the characteristics of different coastlines and the specific needs of development and protection. These models include, but are not limited to, "green port technology models," "nearshore tidal flat solar-fishery complementary technology models," "ecological seawall technology models," and "beach ecological restoration technology models." In actual integrated coastal zone management projects, one model can be implemented alone, or multiple models can be combined, depending on the specific conditions of the target coastal section, to achieve optimal ecological, economic, and social benefits.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] This embodiment discloses a construction process for an ecological seawall, the structure of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown. This ecological seawall technology model, from the land to the sea side, includes, in sequence, the main body of the ecological seawall 1, artificial oyster reef 2, groynes 3, vegetation protection zone 4, wave-dissipating submerged breakwater 5, artificial reef 6, and seaweed farm 7.

[0033] First, the main body of the ecological seawall, section 1, was constructed. The seawall adopts a multi-level sloping, hybrid design to mitigate wave rise. Its seaward revetment underwent ecological modification. One section was made porous, using prefabricated ecological frames filled with local coral fragments and shell sand to provide habitat for small organisms. The other section was greened, with a mix of native salt- and alkali-tolerant herbaceous and shrub plants such as sea arugula, Suaeda salsa, Bermuda grass, and Tamarix chinensis planted on a permeable structure to create a gradient vegetation cover, enhancing soil and water conservation and ecological landscape effects.

[0034] Next, the construction of ecological revetments and beach stabilization structures will commence. At the toe of the main seawall 1, near the mean low tide line, artificial oyster reefs 2 will be spaced out as ecological revetments. Common local oysters, such as the Pacific oyster or the Fujian oyster, will be selected as the reef species to provide protection for the seawall toe. Extending upstream from the seawall toe, several groynes 3 will be constructed. The main body of the groynes will be made of gabion mesh filled with gravel, and their facing will be inlaid with artificial reef blocks to intercept coastal sediment and mitigate beach erosion.

[0035] Finally, wave-damping and habitat creation are implemented. On the seaward side of the groynes 3, large areas of mangroves or native salt-tolerant plants such as Suaeda salsa and Tamarix are planted to form a vegetation protection zone 4, utilizing the roots, stems, and leaves of these plants to reduce wave energy. Further offshore, wave-damping submersibles 5 are constructed parallel to the coastline. These submersibles are prefabricated structures with rough surfaces and internal perforations, promoting early wave breakage while also functioning as artificial reefs 6. In the submersible and nearshore waters, seaweed beds 7 composed of various large algae such as Sargassum fusiforme and Sargassum fusiforme are constructed to improve water quality and provide food sources and shelter for marine life.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] This embodiment refers to the appendix. Figure 2 A method for constructing green ports has been disclosed.

[0038] The port's land area is formed using a permeable platform supported by pile foundations, with the natural seabed base preserved underneath, allowing water to flow freely. Compared to traditional land reclamation methods, this significantly reduces the obstruction to tides and waves.

[0039] The port's vertical retaining walls are constructed using eco-friendly concrete blocks. This concrete uses low-alkali cement and incorporates 10%-20% fly ash and 5% shell powder. This material ratio not only improves the structure's durability in the marine environment, but its porous structure also promotes the attachment and growth of marine organisms.

[0040] At the base of the retaining wall, irregularly stacked natural stones and prefabricated porous concrete components are mixed and arranged to form an artificial reef for bottom protection. The rough texture of the surface and the porous structure inside these reefs can effectively dissipate wave energy, protect the base of the slope from erosion, and also provide breeding and refuge places for fish, crabs and other organisms.

[0041] The revetment behind the port uses a gabion structure. The gabions are filled with locally sourced stones, and their flexible structure can adapt well to minor settlements in the foundation. The silt that naturally accumulates between the stones also creates a micro-habitat for benthic organisms.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] This embodiment refers to the appendix. Figure 3 A method for constructing a solar-fishery complementary zone in nearshore tidal flats has been disclosed.

[0044] The solar-aquaculture integrated farming area uses a suspension support system to install photovoltaic modules. By expanding the span of the steel supports to 30-50 meters, the lower space is greatly freed up, ensuring that aquaculture fishing boats have sufficient width and height for passage and fishing operations.

[0045] At the edge of the aquaculture area, an ecological wetland extension zone was planned using non-construction space. By excavating deep water areas, building shallow beaches and ecological islands, diverse micro-topography was created, and native aquatic plants such as reeds and cattails were planted, providing foraging and breeding grounds for birds and amphibians.

[0046] An artificial oyster belt has been laid out on the seaward side of the entire solar-aquaculture integrated area. This oyster belt acts as an ecological barrier, reducing some of the waves and improving the hydrodynamic conditions in the aquaculture area. At the same time, the oysters and other organisms attached to it can also purify the water through filter feeding.

[0047] Example 4:

[0048] This embodiment refers to the appendix. Figure 4 A method for ecological restoration of eroded beaches has been disclosed.

[0049] First, a flexible sand dune seawall is constructed on the back shore of the beach, which is the highest part of the beach on the landward side, by depositing silt that matches the characteristics of local sediments. Local drought- and salt-tolerant vegetation such as thick vines and single-leaf thorns are then sown on the sand dunes to stabilize the sand using the root system of the vegetation.

[0050] Simultaneously, a method of replenishing sand at the beach shoulder is used for maintenance and replenishment. New sand material is directly piled up at the leading edge of the dry beach to directly expand the beach width. These newly added sediments will gradually adjust to a stable state under the natural action of the waves.

[0051] To reduce sediment loss, sediment is dumped into the nearshore underwater area to form an underwater sandbar, increasing the likelihood of wave breaking. A submerged breakwater made of geotextile bags is then constructed to reinforce the seaward side of the sandbar. Additionally, several sandy headlands can be erected perpendicular to the coastline to intercept and transport sediment from the coast, providing a sand source for downstream beaches.

[0052] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing revitalized coastlines along eroded shorelines, characterized in that, include: Based on the coastline type and development and protection needs, at least one of the following technical modes should be selected for treatment of the target coastline: Green port technology model: sequentially or selectively setting up permeable platforms, artificial reef bottom protection, ecological concrete retaining walls and ecological slope protection; Nearshore tidal flats and waters: a fishery-solar complementary technology model includes setting up a fishery-solar complementary aquaculture area, and optionally setting up an ecological wetland expansion area and an artificial oyster belt; Ecological seawall technical model: From land to sea, the main body of the ecological seawall, artificial oyster reefs, groynes, vegetation protection belts, wave-dissipating submerged dikes, artificial reefs and seaweed beds are set up sequentially or selectively. Beach ecological restoration technology models include the implementation of flexible sand dune seawalls, sand maintenance and replenishment, sandy headlands and underwater sandbars.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the green port technology model, the permeable platform retains the natural seabed base and allows water flow; the ecological concrete retaining wall is made of low-alkali cement incorporating biocompatible materials; the artificial reef bottom protection is a prefabricated component or natural stone with a rough surface and porous structure; and the ecological slope protection uses ecological blocks, ecological frames or gabion cages.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biocompatible material incorporated into the ecological concrete retaining wall is at least one of shell powder, coral sand, or rice husk ash.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned nearshore tidal flats and waters, the solar-fishery complementary aquaculture area uses a suspension support system to install photovoltaic modules to ensure space for fishery operations below; the ecological wetland expansion area creates habitats by constructing diverse micro-topography and planting native aquatic and wetland plants; and the artificial oyster belt is located on the seaward side of the aquaculture area.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned ecological seawall technology model, the main body of the ecological seawall is a multi-level sloping mixed seawall type, and its sea-facing revetment is modified by porosification or greening; the artificial oyster reef is arranged at the toe of the seawall for ecological protection; the main body of the groynes is made of crushed stone or gabion mesh, and the revetment is made of artificial reefs; the vegetation protection belt uses native salt-tolerant plants such as mangroves, Suaeda salsa, or Tamarix chinensis.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The porous transformation of the main body of the ecological seawall is achieved by using ecological blocks or ecological frames; the greening transformation is achieved by planting native salt- and alkali-tolerant plants such as sea privet, Suaeda salsa, Bermuda grass, or Tamarix chinensis.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the proposed beach ecological restoration technology model, the flexible sand dune seawall is formed by depositing sediment on the back shore of the beach and planting suitable vegetation on the sand dunes; the underwater sandbar is constructed by dumping sediment underwater near the shore and reinforcing it with geotextile bags on the seaward side; the sandy headland is set perpendicular to the coastline to intercept and transport sediment; the maintenance and replenishment of sand adopts the method of replenishing sand on the beach shoulder, using sandy materials that are consistent with the characteristics of local sediments.

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