Slope anchoring self-adaptive device and mounting method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a slope anchoring self-adaptive device and a mounting method thereof. An anchor cable of the slope anchoring self-adaption device sequentially penetrates through an anchoring base, a pressure sensor, a pressure bearing base plate, a spring and a limiting anchor plate from bottom to top, and the upper end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected with the limiting anchor plate. The spring is sleeved with a telescopic multi-stage sleeve, and the multi-stage sleeve is arranged between the pressure-bearing base plate and the limiting anchor plate in the axial direction; the multi-stage sleeve and the spring axially and synchronously stretch out and draw back; the pressure sensor is arranged between the pressure bearing base plate and the anchoring base, and a displacement sensor used for monitoring the axial displacement of the anchoring device is arranged above the limiting anchor plate. The device has the advantages that when the slope deforms, the spring absorbs energy, buffers impact force and keeps anchoring force relatively constant, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor can monitor the stress state of the anchor cable in real time, brittle failure is avoided, and the safety and reliability of the structure are greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and relates to an anchoring device, in particular to a slope anchoring self-adaptive device and a mounting method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the alpine environment of the upper reaches of rivers in Southwest China, the slope is subject to strong freeze-thaw erosion, and the ecological restoration project of high and steep slope generally lacks stable vegetation conditions, and the vegetation substrate in the rock body exposed area has poor anti-freeze-thaw erosion ability. When the traditional anchor cable structure is subjected to cyclic freeze-thaw load, it is prone to failure due to stress concentration, and it is difficult to deform synchronously with the ecological protection layer of the slope, resulting in cracking of the ecological protection layer and shedding of the vegetation substrate, which not only affects the long-term stability of the slope anchoring, but also restricts the ecological restoration effect of the alpine freeze-thaw slope. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a self-adaptive anchoring device that can adapt to freeze-thaw cycles, achieve uniform stress release, and deform synchronously with the ecological protection layer. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a slope anchoring self-adaptive device and a mounting method thereof.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a slope anchoring self-adaptive device, comprising an anchor cable, the anchor cable of the anchoring device passes through an anchoring seat, a pressure sensor, a pressure-bearing pad, a spring and a limiting anchor plate in sequence from bottom to top, and the upper end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected with the limiting anchor plate; a telescopic multi-stage sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, and the multi-stage sleeve is arranged between the pressure-bearing pad and the limiting anchor plate in the axial direction; the multi-stage sleeve and the spring axially synchronously stretch and contract; the pressure sensor is arranged between the pressure-bearing pad and the anchoring seat, a displacement sensor for monitoring the axial displacement of the anchoring device is arranged above the limiting anchor plate, and the monitoring data of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor is transmitted to a remote server through a data acquisition and transmission terminal.

[0005] The anchoring seat is in the shape of a four-ribed truncated cone with a small upper part and a large lower part made of concrete, and the anchoring seat is uniformly and symmetrically provided with ear plates for fixing the anchoring device on the bottom edges.

[0006] Each anchoring device has at least one ear plate connected with the geotextile belt of the slope.

[0007] The anchor cable comprises two or more steel strands, the upper end of each steel strand passes through the corresponding axial mounting hole of the limiting anchor plate, a clamping piece is sleeved outside the steel strand and inserted into the axial mounting hole, and when the tension of the anchor cable reaches the design value, the clamping piece fixes the steel strand with the limiting anchor plate.

[0008] The number of steel strands of the anchor cable is determined according to the design bearing requirement on site, and the axial mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the limiting anchor plate.

[0009] The multistage sleeve is a helical compressible spring sleeve.

[0010] The installation method of the slope anchoring adaptive device has the following steps:

[0011] S1, collecting environmental parameters and spring selection

[0012] Obtain meteorological data of the anchoring device installation area, and determine the maximum freeze-thaw temperature difference of the installation area ; according to Select the corresponding spring specifications;

[0013] S2, drill anchor cable hole

[0014] The slope surface is flattened, the design installation position of the anchor cable is determined by measuring and laying out the slope, and the anchor cable hole meeting the design requirements is drilled by the drilling machine at the installation position;

[0015] S3, install anchor cable

[0016] Insert the anchor cable into the anchor cable hole, leaving enough length at the upper end of the anchor cable for installation of the anchoring device; grout the anchor cable hole, and after the grout solidifies, the lower end of the anchor cable is fixed with the deep stable rock mass;

[0017] S4, adjust the anchoring seat

[0018] After the upper end of the anchor cable passes through the center through hole of the concrete anchoring seat, the bottom surface of the anchoring seat is tightly attached to the slope surface; adjust the position of the anchoring seat to ensure that the ear plates evenly and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchoring seat are horizontal or vertical along the slope surface, and at least one ear plate 102 can be connected with the geotextile belt of the slope;

[0019] S5, install the anchoring device

[0020] First, the anchor cable at the upper end of the anchoring seat is sequentially inserted through the pressure sensor, the axial through hole of the pressure bearing base plate, and the spring, and a multistage sleeve is installed outside the spring;

[0021] Then, the upper end of the steel strand is respectively inserted through the axial installation hole of the limiting anchor plate, and the limiting anchor plate is pressed on the spring and the multistage sleeve;

[0022] Then, the clamping piece is sleeved on the steel strand and inserted into the axial installation hole of the limiting anchor plate;

[0023] S6, fix the anchor cable

[0024] The anchor cable is tensioned using a through-hole type jack, the limiting anchor plate is axially compressed and deformed by the spring, and when the tension reaches the design value, the steel strand and the limiting anchor plate are locked and fixed by the clamping piece;

[0025] Install a displacement sensor above the limiting anchor plate;

[0026] S7, fixing the anchoring seat

[0027] The anchoring seat is fixed with the slope through 4 ear plates by bolts, and each anchoring seat has at least one ear plate connected with the geotextile belt;

[0028] Steps S3-S7 are repeated until the installation of all anchoring devices is completed;

[0029] S8, connecting the pressure sensor, displacement sensor and data acquisition and transmission terminal.

[0030] In the step S1, according to the historical meteorological data of the target area, it is determined that the target area is a general cold area or a severe cold and frozen area or an extremely cold high-altitude area, and the maximum temperature difference of the target area , the specification of the spring in the anchoring device is determined.

[0031] In the step S6, the tension value of the cross-hole jack on the anchor cable is determined according to the actual data on site, including the size of the anchor cable and the rheological properties of the slope rock-soil body.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the advantages and positive effects that:

[0033] 1. By introducing a self-adaptive component composed of a spiral compression spring, the rigid anchoring system is endowed with elastic buffering function; when the slope rock-soil body undergoes freeze-thaw deformation or sudden impact displacement, the spring is deformed under pressure to absorb energy, so that the anchor cable maintains constant resistance with the slope body expansion within the design range, effectively preventing brittle fracture of the anchor cable due to instantaneous stress concentration, and greatly improving the safety and seismic performance of the anchoring device;

[0034] 2. The four-prism concrete anchoring seat with the upper small and the lower large can better disperse the prestress and increase the friction resistance with the slope surface; cooperating with the metal connecting ear plate and the high-strength bolt assembly, the modular grid connection is realized, and the frost heaving stress can be released through the small flexible displacement at the connecting part to prevent the structure from cracking;

[0035] 3. The rigidity quantitative matching method based on temperature difference, the mathematical model including the limit temperature difference, the soil frost heaving coefficient and the spring stiffness is established, the spring stiffness is optimized according to the actual situation of the cold region, the spring specification of the anchoring device under different climate conditions is determined, and the wide regional adaptability of the anchoring device is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the slope anchoring self-adaptive device of the present application.

[0037] Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1 .

[0038] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the nodes of the steel strand fixing device in this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slope anchoring of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of the anchoring device of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 101. Anchor seat, 102. Ear plate, 201. Spring, 202. Limiting anchor plate, 203. Multi-stage sleeve, 204. Bearing pad, 205. Wedge, 301. Anchor cable, 302. Steel strand, 401. Pressure sensor, 402. Displacement sensor, 403. Data acquisition and transmission terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed, and any embodiment that conforms to the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "left", "right", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing or simplifying the description of this invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can also refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] See appendix Figures 1-5 This invention discloses an adaptive slope anchoring device, comprising an anchor cable 301. The anchor cable 301 passes through an anchoring seat 101, a pressure sensor 401, a pressure bearing plate 204, a spring 201, and a limiting anchor plate 202 from bottom to top. The upper end of the anchor cable 301 is fixedly connected to the limiting anchor plate 202. A retractable multi-stage sleeve 203 is fitted over the spring 201 and is positioned axially between the pressure bearing plate 204 and the limiting anchor plate 202. The multi-stage sleeve 203 and the spring 201 extend and retract synchronously axially.

[0046] The pressure sensor 401 is disposed between the pressure bearing plate 204 and the anchor seat 101. A displacement sensor 402 for monitoring the axial displacement of the anchoring device is disposed above the limiting anchor plate. The monitoring data of the pressure sensor 401 and the displacement sensor 402 are transmitted to the remote server through the data acquisition and transmission terminal 403.

[0047] The anchoring base 101 is a truncated pyramid shape made of concrete, with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Ear plates 102 for fixing anchoring devices are evenly distributed and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchoring base 101.

[0048] Furthermore, each anchoring device has at least one lug 102 connected to the geotextile strip of the slope.

[0049] The anchor cable 301 includes two or more steel strands 302. The upper end of each steel strand 302 passes through the axial mounting hole corresponding to the limiting anchor plate 202. The clamp 205 is sleeved on the outside of the steel strand 302 and inserted into the axial mounting hole. When the tension of the anchor cable 301 reaches the design value, the clamp 205 fixes the steel strand 302 to the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0050] Furthermore, the number of steel strands 302 in the anchor cable 301 is determined according to the on-site design load-bearing requirements, and the axial mounting holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0051] Furthermore, the multi-stage sleeve 203 is a helical compressible spring sleeve.

[0052] An installation method for the aforementioned slope anchoring adaptive device comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Acquiring environmental parameters and selecting springs

[0054] Obtain meteorological data for the anchoring device installation area to determine the maximum freeze-thaw temperature difference in the installation area. (°C), according to Select the appropriate spring specification 201;

[0055] Specifically, based on historical meteorological data of the target area, the target area is determined to be a general cold region, a severely cold and frozen region, or an extremely cold and high-altitude region, as well as the maximum temperature difference of the target area. Determine the specifications of spring 201 in the anchoring device.

[0056] S2, Drill anchor cable holes

[0057] The slope surface is leveled, and the design installation position of anchor cable 301 is determined by measuring and setting out on the slope. The drilling rig drills anchor cable holes that meet the design requirements at the installation position.

[0058] S3, Install anchor cable 301

[0059] Insert the anchor cable 301 into the anchor cable hole, leaving enough length at the upper end of the anchor cable 301 for installing the anchoring device, usually 500-600mm; inject grout into the anchor cable hole, and after the grout solidifies, fix the lower end of the anchor cable 301 to the deep stable rock mass.

[0060] S4. Adjust anchorage 101

[0061] After the upper end of the anchor cable 301 passes through the central through hole of the concrete anchor seat 101, the bottom surface of the anchor seat 101 is pressed tightly against the slope surface; the position of the anchor seat 101 is adjusted to ensure that the ear plates 102, which are evenly distributed and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchor seat 101, are horizontal or vertical along the slope surface, and at least one ear plate 102 can be connected to the geotextile strip of the slope.

[0062] S5. Install anchoring devices

[0063] First, the anchor cable 301 at the upper end of the anchor seat 101 is passed through the pressure sensor 401, the axial through hole of the pressure bearing plate 204, and the spring 201 in sequence, and then a multi-stage sleeve 203 is fitted over the spring 201.

[0064] Then, the upper ends of the steel strands 302 are passed through the corresponding axial mounting holes of the limiting anchor plate 202, and the limiting anchor plate 202 is pressed on the spring 201 and the multi-stage sleeve 203.

[0065] Then, the clip 205 is placed on the outside of the steel strand 302 and inserted into the axial mounting hole of the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0066] S6, Fixed Anchor Cable 301

[0067] The anchor cable 301 is tensioned using a through-hole jack. The limiting anchor plate 202 is axially compressed and deformed by the spring 201. When the tension reaches the design value, the steel strand is locked and fixed to the limiting anchor plate 202 using a clamp 205.

[0068] A displacement sensor 402 is installed above the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0069] Furthermore, in step S6, the tension value of the through-hole jack on the anchor cable 301 is determined based on actual field data, which includes the dimensions of the anchor cable 301 and the rheological characteristics of the slope soil and rock.

[0070] S7, Fixed Anchor 101

[0071] The anchor seat 101 is fixed to the slope by bolts through four ear plates 102, and each anchor seat 101 has at least one ear plate 102 connected to the geotextile strip;

[0072] Repeat steps S3-S7 until all anchoring devices are installed.

[0073] S8. Connect the pressure sensor 401, the displacement sensor 402, and the data acquisition and transmission terminal 403.

[0074] The slope anchoring adaptive device and its installation method of this invention utilize a truncated pyramidal concrete frame as the anchoring seat. This pyramidal structure, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, better disperses prestress and increases the contact area with the slope surface, thereby improving anti-sliding resistance. Fixing it to the slope via ear plates, high-strength bolts, and nuts effectively releases frost heave stress between the slope and the anchoring seat. The high-strength spring, the circular limiting anchor plate at the upper end of the spring, the clamp for locking the steel strand, the multi-stage metal sleeve, and the pressure-bearing pad at the lower end of the spring absorb energy and buffer impact forces when the slope deforms, thus maintaining a relatively constant anchoring force, preventing brittle fracture, and significantly improving safety. The pressure-bearing pad is located between the bottom of the spring and the concrete anchoring seat, preventing the spring from directly damaging the concrete surface. When slope deformation causes the outer anchor plate to compress the spring, the multi-stage sleeve contracts accordingly, protecting the internal structure without hindering the axial displacement of the anchor cable, ensuring the normal operation of the anchoring device. The circular limiting anchor plate and the clamping plates used to secure the steel strands directly bear the tension of the anchor cable. The anchor cable assembly embedded in the slope includes an anchor cable passing through the center of the anchoring structure assembly and the adaptive assembly. The anchor cable is made of conventional double-helix steel strands that pass through the above-mentioned components and penetrate deep into the rock mass. One end is anchored to the deep stable layer, and the other end is locked to the anchoring end by an anchor, providing continuous and stable active support resistance.

[0075] By using pressure sensors to sense the magnitude of the internal tension of the anchor cable in real time and displacement sensors to monitor the displacement of the anchoring device in real time, remote real-time monitoring can be achieved, and problems can be dealt with promptly once they are detected.

[0076] The anchorage is a truncated pyramid structure made of precast reinforced concrete. The central through hole is set along the central axis of the concrete anchorage. The diameter of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the prestressed anchor cable to reserve a grouting channel and avoid friction between the anchor cable and the hole wall.

[0077] The metal connecting lugs are fixed to the center positions of the four sides of the concrete anchor seat by anchors. The plane of the connecting lugs is perpendicular to the side and extends outward by a predetermined length for connection to the geotextile.

[0078] The spring is a high-strength helical compression spring with multi-stage sleeves outside the spring. The stiffness coefficient of the spring is selected based on the rheological characteristics of the slope soil and rock and the allowable deformation in the design, to ensure that the spring is in the elastic working range within the design load range.

[0079] The pressure-bearing pad is a metal plate with a central opening, which is attached to the top surface of the concrete anchor seat to uniformly transmit the axial pressure of the high-strength spring to the concrete anchor seat and prevent local stress concentration from causing the concrete to crush.

[0080] The steel strand and the limiting anchor plate are fixed by clamps (similar in structure to conical expansion clamps); after the anchor cable prestressing is completed, the clamps tightly lock the anchor cable to the limiting anchor plate to prevent prestress loss.

[0081] The anchor cable is made of several high-strength, low-relaxation steel strands twisted together, and the reserved length after the outer end passes through the circular limiting anchor plate meets the operation requirements of the tensioning equipment; when the anchor cable assembly is implanted into the slope, it forms a reliable bond with the surrounding rock and soil through grouting.

[0082] Example

[0083] See appendix Figure 1 , 2 The present invention provides an adaptive slope anchoring device, comprising an anchor cable assembly, an anchoring assembly, an adaptive anchoring end assembly, and a monitoring assembly.

[0084] The anchor cable 301 of the anchor cable assembly is a double helical steel strand composed of 6 steel strands 302. One end of the anchor cable 301 is anchored to the deep stable layer of the slope, and the other end is fixed to the upper end of the anchor end adaptive component, providing continuous and stable active support resistance.

[0085] The anchoring assembly includes an anchor seat 101 and ear plates 102. The anchor seat 101 is a truncated pyramid shape made of concrete, with a smaller top and a larger bottom. An axial through hole is provided along the axis of the anchor seat 101 for the anchor cable 301 to pass through. The truncated pyramid structure can better distribute prestress and increase the contact area with the slope surface, thereby improving resistance. Each of the four sides of the bottom of the anchor seat 101 is provided with an ear plate 102. The ear plates 102 are made of metal and are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the four sides of the bottom of the anchor seat 101. They are fixed to the slope using high-strength bolts and nuts, which can effectively release the frost heave stress between the slope and the anchor seat 101.

[0086] The anchoring end adaptive assembly includes a spring 201, a limiting anchor plate 202, a multi-stage sleeve 203, a pressure-bearing pad 204, and a clamping piece 205. The anchoring end adaptive assembly is mounted on the anchoring seat 101. The pressure sensor 401, pressure-bearing pad 204, spring 201, and limiting anchor plate 202 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The multi-stage sleeve 203 is a retractable helical compression spring sleeve, fitted around the spring 201 and located axially between the pressure-bearing pad 204 and the limiting anchor plate 202, extending and retracting synchronously with the spring 201. The limiting anchor plate 202 has six axial mounting holes for six steel strands 302 to pass through, evenly distributed on the end face of the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0087] See appendix Figure 3 The anchor cable 301 passes through the anchor seat 101, pressure sensor 401, pressure bearing plate 204, and spring 201 from bottom to top. The six steel strands 302 of the anchor cable 301 pass through the corresponding six axial mounting holes of the limiting anchor plate 202. The clamps 205, which are fitted over the steel strands 302, are inserted into the axial mounting holes of the limiting anchor plate 202. When the tension of the anchor cable 301 reaches the design value, the clamps 205 fix the steel strands 302 to the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0088] See appendix Figure 4 , 5 The monitoring components include a pressure sensor 401, a displacement sensor 402, and a data acquisition and transmission terminal 403. The pressure sensor 401 is positioned between the anchor seat 101 and the pressure bearing plate 204 to monitor and collect the anchor cable force data in real time; the displacement sensor 402 monitors the displacement of the anchoring device relative to the slope surface in real time, realizing remote real-time monitoring.

[0089] The installation method for the slope anchoring adaptive device, the model and size of anchor cable 301 are determined according to the site design requirements. For example, if the load requirement is 1000kN / 100 tons, six steel strands with a diameter of 15.24mm are selected. The installation steps are as follows:

[0090] S1. Acquiring environmental parameters and selecting springs

[0091] Obtain meteorological data for the anchoring device installation area to determine the maximum freeze-thaw temperature difference in the installation area. (°C), according to Select the appropriate spring specification 201.

[0092] Specifically, based on historical meteorological data of the target area, the target area is determined to be a general cold region, a severely cold and frozen region, or an extremely cold and high-altitude region, as well as the maximum temperature difference of the target area. Determine the specifications of spring 201 in the anchoring device.

[0093] S2, Drill anchor cable holes

[0094] The slope surface is leveled, and the design installation position of anchor cable 301 is determined by measuring and setting out on the slope. The drilling rig drills anchor cable holes that meet the design requirements at the installation position.

[0095] S3, Install anchor cable 301

[0096] Insert anchor cable 301 into the anchor cable hole, leaving a 500mm length at the upper end of anchor cable 301 for installing anchoring devices and tensioning tests; inject cement mortar into the anchor cable hole, and after it solidifies, fix the lower end of anchor cable 301 to the deep stable rock mass.

[0097] S4. Adjust anchorage 101

[0098] After the upper end of the anchor cable 301 passes through the central through hole of the concrete anchor seat 101, the bottom surface of the anchor seat 101 is pressed tightly against the slope surface; the position of the anchor seat 101 is adjusted to ensure that the ear plates 102, which are evenly distributed and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchor seat 101, are horizontal or vertical along the slope surface, and each anchor seat has an ear plate 102 connected to the geotextile strip of the slope.

[0099] S5. Install anchoring devices

[0100] First, the anchor cable 301 at the upper end of the anchor seat 101 is passed through the pressure sensor 401, the axial through hole of the pressure bearing plate 204, and the spring 201 in sequence, and then a multi-stage sleeve 203 is fitted over the spring 201.

[0101] Then, the upper ends of the six steel strands 302 are passed through the six axial mounting holes corresponding to the limiting anchor plate 202, and the limiting anchor plate 202 is pressed on the spring 201 and the multi-stage sleeve 203.

[0102] Then, the clip 205 is placed on the outside of the steel strand 302 and inserted into the axial mounting hole of the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0103] S6, Fixed Anchor Cable 301

[0104] The anchor cable 301 is tensioned using a through-hole jack. The tension force of the through-hole jack on the anchor cable 301 is determined based on the dimensions of the anchor cable 301 and the rheological properties of the slope soil and rock.

[0105] When the through-hole jack is used for tensioning, the limiting anchor plate 202 is axially compressed and deformed by the downward spring 201. When the tension force reaches the design value, the steel strand is locked and fixed to the limiting anchor plate 202 by the clamp 205.

[0106] A displacement sensor 402 is installed above the limiting anchor plate 202.

[0107] S7, Fixed Anchor 101

[0108] The anchor seat 101 is fixed to the slope by bolts through four ear plates 102, and each anchor seat 101 has an ear plate 102 connected to the geotextile strip;

[0109] Repeat steps S3-S7 until the installation of multiple anchoring devices is completed.

[0110] S8. Connect the pressure sensor 401, the displacement sensor 402, and the data acquisition and transmission terminal 403.

[0111] This completes the installation of the anchoring device.

[0112] To adapt to cold regions of different latitudes, the temperature control adaptive spring selection method of the present invention involves, in step S1, determining whether the target region is a general cold region, a severely frozen region, or an extremely cold high-altitude region based on historical meteorological data of the target region, and determining the maximum temperature difference of the target region. The parameters of spring 201 in the anchoring device are determined. See Table 1:

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] By using the temperature-controlled adaptive spring stiffness selection method, technicians can determine the maximum temperature difference in different cold regions. Replace the spring with one of appropriate stiffness to adapt to local climate conditions, thereby making the anchoring device suitable for multiple regions.

[0116] This invention relates to an adaptive slope anchoring device. When a slope undergoes minor deformation, the spring absorbs energy under pressure and buffers the impact force, allowing the anchor cable to elongate within a certain range as the slope deforms, thereby maintaining a relatively constant anchoring force and avoiding brittle failure. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor can monitor the axial force inside the anchor cable in real time, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the structure. A pressure-bearing plate is located between the bottom of the spring and the upper surface of the concrete anchor seat, preventing the spring from directly damaging the concrete surface. A circular limiting anchor plate and clamping plates for holding the steel strands directly bear the tension of the anchor cable. A displacement monitoring device above the limiting anchor plate records the displacement of the anchor cable in real time.

[0117] It should be noted that the above embodiments are examples and not limitations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims

1. A slope anchorage adaptive device, comprising anchor cables, characterized in that: The anchor cable of the anchoring device passes through the anchoring seat, pressure sensor, pressure bearing plate, spring, and limiting anchor plate in sequence from bottom to top, and the upper end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the limiting anchor plate. A retractable multi-stage sleeve is fitted over the spring, and the multi-stage sleeve is positioned axially between the pressure-bearing pad and the limiting anchor plate; the multi-stage sleeve extends and retracts synchronously with the spring axially. The pressure sensor is installed between the pressure bearing plate and the anchor seat. A displacement sensor for monitoring the axial displacement of the anchoring device is installed above the limiting anchor plate. The monitoring data of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are transmitted to the remote server through the data acquisition and transmission terminal.

2. The slope anchorage adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring seat is a truncated pyramid shape made of concrete, with a smaller top and a larger bottom. Ear plates for fixing the anchoring device are evenly distributed and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchoring seat.

3. The slope anchorage adaptive device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each anchoring device has at least one lug connected to the geotextile strip of the slope.

4. The slope anchorage adaptive device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anchor cable includes two or more steel strands. The upper end of each steel strand passes through the axial mounting hole corresponding to the limiting anchor plate. The clamp is sleeved on the outside of the steel strand and inserted into the axial mounting hole. When the tension of the anchor cable reaches the design value, the clamp fixes the steel strand to the limiting anchor plate.

5. The slope anchorage adaptive device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of steel strands in the anchor cable is determined according to the on-site design load-bearing requirements, and the axial mounting holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the limiting anchor plate.

6. The slope anchorage adaptive device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The multi-stage sleeve is a helical compressible spring sleeve.

7. A method for installing the slope anchoring adaptive device as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1. Acquiring environmental parameters and selecting springs Obtain meteorological data for the anchoring device installation area to determine the maximum freeze-thaw temperature difference in the installation area. ;according to Select the appropriate spring specifications; S2, Drill anchor cable holes The slope surface is leveled, and the design and installation positions of the anchor cables are determined by measuring and setting out on the slope. The drilling rig drills anchor cable holes that meet the design requirements at the installation positions. S3. Install anchor cables Insert the anchor cable into the anchor cable hole, leaving enough length at the top of the anchor cable for installing the anchoring device; inject grout into the anchor cable hole, and after the grout solidifies, fix the bottom of the anchor cable to the deep stable rock mass; S4. Adjust the anchorage. After the upper end of the anchor cable passes through the central through hole of the concrete anchor seat, the bottom surface of the anchor seat is pressed tightly against the slope surface; the position of the anchor seat is adjusted to ensure that the ear plates evenly distributed and symmetrically arranged on the bottom edge of the anchor seat are horizontal or vertical along the slope surface, and at least one ear plate 102 can be connected to the geotextile of the slope. S5. Install anchoring devices First, the anchor cable at the upper end of the anchor seat is passed through the pressure sensor, the axial through hole of the pressure bearing plate, and the spring in sequence, and then a multi-stage sleeve is fitted over the spring. Then, pass the upper ends of the steel strands through the axial mounting holes of the limiting anchor plate, and press the limiting anchor plate onto the spring and the multi-stage sleeve; Then, the clip is placed over the steel strand and inserted into the axial mounting hole of the limiting anchor plate; S6, Fixed Anchor Cable The anchor cable is tensioned using a through-hole jack. The limiting anchor plate is axially compressed and deformed downwards by the spring. When the tension reaches the design value, the steel strand is locked and fixed to the limiting anchor plate using clamps. Install a displacement sensor above the limiting anchor plate; S7, Fixed Anchor Seat The anchorage is fixed to the slope with bolts through four lugs, and each anchorage has at least one lug connected to the geotextile strip; Repeat steps S3-S7 until all anchoring devices are installed; S8. Connect the pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and data acquisition and transmission terminal.

8. The installation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: exist In step S1, based on historical meteorological data of the target area, it is determined whether the target area is a general cold region, a severe cold and deep freezing region, or an extremely cold high-altitude region, as well as the maximum temperature difference of the target area. Determine the specifications of the springs in the anchoring device.

9. The installation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S6, the tension value of the anchor cable by the through-hole jack is determined based on actual field data, which includes the anchor cable size and the rheological characteristics of the slope soil and rock.

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