Roof cutting entry retaining gob-side gangue blocking pressure monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a roof-cutting entry retaining gob-side waste rock blocking pressure monitoring device, and relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology and mine supporting equipment, the roof-cutting entry retaining gob-side waste rock blocking pressure monitoring device comprises a plurality of columns arranged on the roof-cutting entry retaining gob-side, one side, facing a goaf, of each column is provided with a pressure-bearing panel, and an inner cavity of each column is provided with a hydraulic chamber; a flexible pressure bag is arranged on the side, away from the pressure-bearing panel, of the hydraulic cavity. Through the innovative design of hydraulic synchronization and magnetic coupling transmission, a pure mechanical monitoring system is constructed, pressure is transmitted through a main oil way and is distributed to a standard pressure meter and a signal meter in a lossless mode through a three-way pipe, and functional separation of precise reading and signal output is achieved; the magnetic coupling mechanism achieves non-contact and zero-leakage transmission of signals from the closed oil cavity to the external environment, circuit faults and anti-explosion potential safety hazards of an electronic monitoring mode are fundamentally eradicated, and extremely high reliability and intrinsic safety of the device under the underground severe working condition are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology and mine support equipment, and in particular to a pressure monitoring device for rock retaining along the goaf side of a roof-cutting and roadway-keeping system. Background Technology

[0002] In the "top-cutting and pillarless mining" process in coal mining, real-time and reliable monitoring of the pressure on the rock-blocking structure along the goaf side is crucial to ensuring roadway stability and personnel safety. Currently, the common methods are manual reading of mechanical pressure gauges or external electronic sensors. The former requires personnel to frequently approach the high-risk goaf side for close-range readings, which is inefficient and poses a significant threat to personal safety. The latter suffers from problems such as the circuit system being prone to failure in the harsh underground environment, being susceptible to impacts, and requiring explosion-proof protection, resulting in insufficient reliability. Furthermore, existing technologies are insufficient to achieve long-distance, rapid, and intuitive judgment of the stress state of the entire support group in the roadway section, failing to meet the higher requirements of modern intelligent mines for safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring device for the pressure of the rockfill along the goaf side of the roof cutting and retaining roadway, which solves the problem of being unable to perform real-time and intuitive group monitoring of the rockfill pressure along the goaf side of the roof cutting and retaining roadway while ensuring safety and reliability.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A pressure monitoring device for the rock-blocking side of a top-cutting and roadway retention method includes multiple columns disposed on the goaf side of the top-cutting and roadway retention method. A pressure-bearing panel is disposed on the side of the column facing the goaf area. A hydraulic chamber is disposed in the inner cavity of the column. A flexible pressure bladder is disposed on the side of the hydraulic chamber away from the pressure-bearing panel. An integrated valve block is disposed on the other side of the flexible pressure bladder. A pulse damper is disposed on the other side of the integrated valve block. A three-way pipe is disposed on the other side of the pulse damper. The top of the three-way pipe is connected to a pressure gauge and a signal gauge respectively via threads, and the inlets of the pressure gauge and the signal gauge are both connected to the inner cavity of the three-way pipe. An observation table is detachably installed on the front side of the signal meter; The signal meter has a main rotating shaft inside its cavity, a rear pointer block is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the main rotating shaft, and a rear magnet is provided inside the rear pointer block. The bottom of the inner cavity of the observation table is provided with a lower rotating shaft, a front pointer block is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft, a front magnet is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the front pointer block, and the rear magnet has opposite magnetic poles to the front magnet and is magnetically coupled. The top of the inner cavity of the observation table is provided with an upper rotating shaft, and a ring is provided on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft through a torsion spring. A finger rod is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the ring. A warning plate is provided on the front of the inner cavity of the observation table, and the finger rod rotates in front of the warning plate. The lower rotating shaft is connected to the upper rotating shaft via a gear transmission mechanism.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gear transmission mechanism includes a lower gear fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft, and an upper gear fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft and meshing with the lower gear, wherein the upper gear has more teeth than the lower gear.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a limiting circular plate is sleeved on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft, and a plurality of limiting grooves are opened in the middle of the limiting circular plate. The outer surface of the finger rod is connected to a protrusion by a spring. The protrusion is embedded in the limiting groove under the action of the spring. The side of the protrusion facing the limiting circular plate and the side in the rotation direction of the limiting circular plate is designed with an inclined surface.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a transparent plate is fixedly installed on the side of the observation table away from the signal table. A pull ring is provided on the surface of the transparent plate. The pull ring is connected to a connecting rod by a connecting rope. The connecting rod is symmetrically arranged with the outer surface of the limiting circular plate. Pulling the pull ring can drive the limiting circular plate to move axially through the connecting rope and the connecting rod, so that the protrusion separates from the limiting groove.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulse damper is vertically arranged, and its inner cavity is divided into an upper hydraulic cavity and a lower energy storage cavity by a flexible diaphragm. The integrated valve block is connected to the inlet of the hydraulic cavity of the pulse damper, and the three-way pipe is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic cavity of the pulse damper.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the signal meter is symmetrically provided with mounting rods, the middle of the mounting rods is provided with a slot, and the outer surface of the observation meter is symmetrically provided with locking blocks by springs, the locking blocks engaging with the slots.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the warning plate is divided into a green safety zone, a yellow warning zone and a red over-limit zone. When the pressure is zero, the finger rod points to the beginning of the green safety zone.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the front of the observation table is larger than the area of ​​the pressure gauge dial.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the integrated valve block is provided with a curved damping hole.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of columns can be connected side by side to each other by means of connecting ears fixedly installed on adjacent sides.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention constructs a purely mechanical monitoring system through the innovative design of hydraulic synchronization and magnetic coupling transmission. The pressure is transmitted through the main oil circuit and distributed non-destructively to the standard pressure gauge and signal gauge through the three-way pipe, realizing the functional separation of precise reading and signal output. The magnetic coupling mechanism realizes the contactless and zero-leakage transmission of signals from the sealed oil chamber to the external environment, fundamentally eliminating the circuit failure and explosion-proof safety hazards of electronic monitoring methods, and ensuring the extremely high reliability and intrinsic safety of the device under harsh downhole conditions.

[0015] 2. This invention converts abstract pressure values ​​into visible red, yellow, and green signals by setting up an observation table with a large three-color warning board. Inspection personnel can instantly grasp the pressure of rock retaining walls and the safety status of support units within a range of tens of meters without having to approach dangerous areas. This achieves a leap from "reading individual points" to "collective situational awareness", resulting in an order-of-magnitude improvement in inspection efficiency and safety.

[0016] 3. By setting up a mechanical peak holding mechanism, when the pressure from the roof causes the pointer to reach the peak value, the limiting circular plate can effectively prevent the protrusion from reversing and resetting simultaneously with the upper rotating shaft, thereby faithfully recording the historical maximum load that the support structure has ever borne. This function provides crucial data support for analyzing the roof activity pattern, the degree of rockfall, and early warning of major safety hazards, avoiding misjudgments caused by the return of the pointer rod, and greatly enhancing the mine's disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.

[0017] 4. This invention adopts a modular design, allowing for quick assembly and disassembly of the signal gauge and observation gauge via card blocks and slots, facilitating maintenance and replacement. The standard pressure gauge is retained as a universal component, reducing manufacturing and spare parts costs. The entire device has a robust structure with no exposed precision circuitry, making it impact-resistant, dustproof, and moisture-proof. It is highly suitable for long-term stable operation in the complex environment of underground coal mines, demonstrating significant practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from the top right front side. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the right front top view after the overall structure of the present invention is cut open; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure at point A in Figure 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the combined observation table structure and signal table structure of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the signal table structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure of the signal table structure of the present invention after being cut open; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the observation table structure of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the top left front view of the observation table structure after it has been cut open. Figure 9 illustrates the present invention. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1. Column; 2. Hydraulic chamber; 3. Flexible pressure bladder; 4. Integrated valve block; 5. Pulse damper; 6. T-connector; 7. Pressure gauge; 8. Signal gauge; 9. Observation gauge; 501. Hydraulic chamber; 502, Energy storage chamber; 801, Mounting rod; 802, Slot; 803, Main rotating shaft; 804, Rear pointer block; 805, Rear magnet; 901, Slot; 902, Lower rotating shaft; 903, Lower gear; 904, Front pointer block; 905, Front magnet; 906, Upper rotating shaft; 907, Upper gear; 908, Warning plate; 909, Ring; 910. Finger rod; 911. Protrusion; 912. Limiting round plate; 913. Limiting groove; 914. Connecting rod; 915. Connecting rope; 916. Pull ring; 917. Transparent plate; 10. Tunnel roof; 11. Tunnel floor; 12. Gangue side. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 9 This embodiment provides a pressure monitoring device for the rock-blocking side of the top-cutting and roadway retention, including multiple columns 1 installed on the side of the top-cutting and roadway retention. A pressure-bearing panel is provided on the side of the column 1 facing the goaf. A hydraulic chamber 2 is provided in the inner cavity of the column 1. A flexible pressure bladder 3 is provided on the side of the hydraulic chamber 2 away from the pressure-bearing panel. An integrated valve block 4 is provided on the other side of the flexible pressure bladder 3. A curved damping hole is opened in the inner cavity of the integrated valve block 4. A pulse damper 5 is provided on the other side of the integrated valve block 4. The pulse damper 5 is vertically arranged. Its inner cavity is divided into an upper hydraulic chamber 501 and a lower energy storage chamber 502 by a flexible diaphragm. The integrated valve block 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydraulic chamber 501 of the pulse damper 5. A three-way pipe 6 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic chamber 501 of the pulse damper 5. A three-way pipe 6 is provided on the other side of the pulse damper 5. Multiple columns 1 can be connected side by side by fixedly installing connecting lugs on adjacent sides. The top of the three-way pipe 6 is connected to a pressure gauge 7 and a signal gauge 8 via threads. The inlets of the pressure gauge 7 and the signal gauge 8 are connected to the inner cavity of the three-way pipe 6. An observation gauge 9 is detachably mounted on the front side of the signal gauge 8; The inner cavity of the signal meter 8 is provided with a main rotating shaft 803. A rear pointer block 804 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the main rotating shaft 803. A rear magnet 805 is provided in the inner cavity of the rear pointer block 804. Mounting rods 801 are symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the signal meter 8. A slot 802 is opened in the middle of the mounting rod 801. A locking block 901 is symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the observation meter 9 through a spring. The locking block 901 engages with the slot 802. A lower rotating shaft 902 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the observation table 9. A front pointer block 904 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft 902. A front magnet 905 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the front pointer block 904. The rear magnet 805 has opposite magnetic poles to the front magnet 905 and is magnetically coupled. The area of ​​the front of the observation table 9 is larger than the area of ​​the dial of the pressure gauge 7. Observe Table 9. An upper rotating shaft 906 is provided at the top of the inner cavity. A ring 909 is provided on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft 906 through a torsion spring. A finger rod 910 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the ring 909. A warning plate 908 is provided on the front of the inner cavity of Observe Table 9. The finger rod 910 rotates in front of the warning plate 908. The surface of the warning plate 908 is divided into a green safety zone, a yellow warning zone, and a red over-limit zone. When the pressure is zero, the finger rod 910 points to the beginning of the green safety zone. The lower rotating shaft 902 is connected to the upper rotating shaft 906 via a gear transmission mechanism. The gear transmission mechanism includes a lower gear 903 fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft 902, and an upper gear 907 fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft 906 and meshing with the lower gear 903. The upper gear 907 has more teeth than the lower gear 903. A limiting circular plate 912 is fitted on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft 906. Multiple limiting grooves 913 are opened in the middle of the limiting circular plate 912. A protrusion 911 is connected to the outer surface of the finger rod 910 by a spring. The protrusion 911 is embedded in the limiting groove 913 under the action of the spring. The side of the protrusion 911 facing the limiting circular plate 912 and the side in the rotation direction of the limiting circular plate 912 is designed with a slope. A transparent plate 917 is fixedly installed on the side of Observation Table 9 away from Signal Table 8. A pull ring 916 is provided on the surface of the transparent plate 917. The pull ring 916 is connected to the connecting rod 914 through the connecting rope 915. The connecting rod 914 is symmetrically arranged on the outer surface of the limiting circular plate 912. Pulling the pull ring 916 can drive the limiting circular plate 912 to move axially through the connecting rope 915 and the connecting rod 914, so that the protrusion 911 is separated from the limiting groove 913.

[0022] Working principle: First, assemble the entire device correctly. Then, move and install the assembled device on the side of the cut-and-hold roadway near the goaf, that is, the top of the device is attached to the roadway roof 10, the bottom of the device is attached to the roadway floor 11, and the side of the device with the pressure-bearing panel is attached to the side of the waste rock in the roadway. In formal use: When the collapsed gangue in the goaf exerts pressure on the pressure-bearing panel of the device, the pressure is directly transmitted to the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber 2 inside the column 1. The hydraulic oil transmits the pressure backward through the closed pipeline and acts on the flexible pressure bladder 3, causing it to undergo slight deformation. The deformation of the flexible pressure bladder 3 filters the pressure fluctuations through the bending damping hole inside the integrated valve block 4. Subsequently, the pressure medium enters the pulse damper 5, and the flexible diaphragm inside it absorbs the hydraulic pulsation and violent impact by compressing the gas in the lower energy storage chamber 502, and transmits the stabilized pressure signal to the three-way pipe 6. The three-way pipe 6 distributes the pressure without loss and synchronously to two parallel branches: one leads to the pressure gauge 7, and the other leads to the signal gauge 8. Within the signal meter 8, pressure drives the Bourdon tube and connecting gear mechanism inside, ultimately converting them into the rotational motion of the main rotating shaft 803. The rotation angle is proportional to the pressure value, causing the rear pointer block 804 and the rear magnet 805, fixed on the main rotating shaft 803, to rotate synchronously. Through magnetic coupling, the rear magnet 805 drives the front magnet 905 and the lower rotating shaft 902, which have opposite polarity, to rotate synchronously within the observation meter 9, thus achieving contactless and absolutely sealed transmission of mechanical signals from the sealed oil cavity to the external environment. The rotation of the lower rotating shaft 902 is transmitted to the upper gear 907 meshing with it through the lower gear 903. Since the upper gear 907 has far more teeth than the lower gear 903, it forms a speed reduction and torque amplification transmission pair. After amplifying the motion, it drives the upper rotating shaft 906 and the finger rod 910 fixed at its front end to rotate. The finger rod 910 sweeps in front of the fixed warning plate 908 marked with red, yellow and green areas, thereby converting the internal pressure signal into an externally visible and intuitive color command, realizing long-distance group status recognition. During the rotation of the finger rod 910, the protrusion 911 fixed on it is embedded in the limiting groove 913 of the limiting circular plate 912 under the action of the spring. When the pressure increases, the protrusion 911 slides out along the inclined surface and jumps to the next tooth groove. When the pressure decreases, the back of the protrusion 911 is stuck by the vertical surface of the limiting groove 913, preventing the finger rod 910 from rotating, thus locking it at the historical peak pressure position. After the operator observes, when it is necessary to reset, the operator pulls the pull ring 916 outward, which drives the limiting circular plate 912 to move axially through the connecting rope 915 and the connecting rod 914, so that the finger rod 910 and the protrusion 911 disengage from the limiting groove 913. The finger rod 910 automatically reverses and resets to the initial position under the elastic force of the torsion spring connected to the upper rotating shaft 906.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure monitoring device for the rockfill along the goaf side of a roof-cutting and retaining roadway, comprising multiple columns (1) disposed along the goaf side of the roof-cutting and retaining roadway, characterized in that: The column (1) is provided with a pressure-bearing panel on the side facing the goaf, and a hydraulic chamber (2) is provided in the inner cavity of the column (1). A flexible pressure bladder (3) is provided on the side of the hydraulic chamber (2) away from the pressure-bearing panel. An integrated valve block (4) is provided on the other side of the flexible pressure bladder (3). A pulse damper (5) is provided on the other side of the integrated valve block (4). A three-way pipe (6) is provided on the other side of the pulse damper (5). The top of the three-way pipe (6) is connected to a pressure gauge (7) and a signal gauge (8) respectively by threads. The inlets of the pressure gauge (7) and the signal gauge (8) are connected to the inner cavity of the three-way pipe (6). An observation table (9) is detachably mounted on the front side of the signal meter (8); The signal meter (8) has a main rotating shaft (803) in its inner cavity, and a rear pointer block (804) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the main rotating shaft (803). The rear pointer block (804) has a rear magnet (805) in its inner cavity. The bottom of the inner cavity of the observation table (9) is provided with a lower rotating shaft (902), and a front pointer block (904) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft (902). A front magnet (905) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the front pointer block (904). The rear magnet (805) has opposite magnetic poles to the front magnet (905) and is magnetically coupled. The top of the inner cavity of the observation table (9) is provided with an upper rotating shaft (906), and the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft (906) is provided with a ring (909) by a torsion spring. A finger rod (910) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the ring (909). A warning plate (908) is provided on the front of the inner cavity of the observation table (9), and the finger rod (910) rotates in front of the warning plate (908). The lower rotating shaft (902) is connected to the upper rotating shaft (906) via a gear transmission mechanism.

2. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear transmission mechanism includes a lower gear (903) fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the lower rotating shaft (902), and an upper gear (907) fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the upper rotating shaft (906) and meshing with the lower gear (903). The upper gear (907) has more teeth than the lower gear (903).

3. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the upper rotating shaft (906) is fitted with a limiting circular plate (912), and the middle part of the limiting circular plate (912) is provided with multiple limiting grooves (913). The outer surface of the finger rod (910) is connected to a protrusion (911) by a spring. The protrusion (911) is embedded in the limiting groove (913) under the action of the spring. The side of the protrusion (911) facing the limiting circular plate (912) and the side in the rotation direction of the limiting circular plate (912) is designed with an inclined surface.

4. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 3, characterized in that: A transparent plate (917) is fixedly installed on the side of the observation table (9) away from the signal table (8). A pull ring (916) is provided on the surface of the transparent plate (917). The pull ring (916) is connected to the connecting rod (914) through the connecting rope (915). The connecting rod (914) is symmetrically arranged with the outer surface of the limiting circular plate (912). Pulling the pull ring (916) can drive the limiting circular plate (912) to move axially through the connecting rope (915) and the connecting rod (914), so that the protrusion (911) separates from the limiting groove (913).

5. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse damper (5) is vertically arranged, and its inner cavity is divided into an upper hydraulic cavity (501) and a lower energy storage cavity (502) by a flexible diaphragm. The integrated valve block (4) is connected to the inlet of the hydraulic cavity (501) of the pulse damper (5), and the three-way pipe (6) is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic cavity (501) of the pulse damper (5).

6. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the signal meter (8) is symmetrically provided with mounting rods (801), and a slot (802) is provided in the middle of the mounting rod (801). The outer surface of the observation meter (9) is symmetrically provided with locking blocks (901) through springs, and the locking blocks (901) engage with the slot (802).

7. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the warning board (908) is divided into a green safety zone, a yellow warning zone, and a red over-limit zone. When the pressure is zero, the finger (910) points to the beginning of the green safety zone.

8. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the front of the observation table (9) is larger than the area of ​​the dial of the pressure gauge (7).

9. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the integrated valve block (4) is provided with a curved damping hole.

10. The pressure monitoring device for the rockfill retaining side along the cut-off side of the roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple columns (1) can be connected side by side to each other by connecting lugs fixedly installed on adjacent sides.

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