Tuned mass vibration damper with controllable damping

Abstract

The invention discloses a tuned mass vibration damper with controllable damping, and relates to the field of vibration control of offshore wind power generation equipment structures. The mass damping unit is arranged in a suspended mode, the clamping ring is coaxially arranged, the electromagnetic damping units are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the clamping ring, and the electromagnetic damping units are connected with the mass damping unit through winding ropes which are arranged in a radial mode to form a multidirectional synergistic composite damping system; the mass damping unit generates reverse inertia force in vibration to restrain movement of the tower and drives the electromagnetic damping unit to act at the same time, the generator is driven to generate electromagnetic damping through the one-way bearing and the speed increaser, and lossless reset is achieved through the torsion ring. The device is integrated with an energy recovery unit, vibration energy is converted into electric energy to be stored, real-time regulation and control of damping force, omni-directional vibration response and energy feedback are achieved, and the vibration reduction efficiency and the energy utilization rate are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural vibration control technology for offshore wind power generation equipment, specifically a tuned mass vibration reduction device with controllable damping. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the continuous advancement of deep-sea wind power development, offshore floating wind turbines operate in a complex environment of wind, waves, and current coupling, which easily generates large-amplitude low-frequency vibrations, seriously affecting the stability and lifespan of the units. To suppress such vibrations, tuned mass dampers are widely used in wind turbine tower systems. Traditional passive tuned mass dampers absorb vibration energy through the resonance effect of the mass block and spring damping system, with a simple structure and no need for external power; however, their tuning frequency is fixed, making it difficult to adapt to dynamic excitation under varying sea conditions, and their vibration reduction bandwidth is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art; to this end, the present invention proposes a damping controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device to form a multi-directional synergistic composite damping system.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device, comprising: Mass damping unit, suspended arrangement; A retaining ring is fitted around the circumferential outer side of the mass damping unit. The axis of the retaining ring coincides with the suspension center of the mass damping unit, and an annular gap is formed between the retaining ring and the mass damping unit. Several electromagnetic damping units are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the retaining ring and fixedly installed on the retaining ring. Each electromagnetic damping unit includes an actuation component for converting mechanical motion into electromagnetic resistance. The input end of each electromagnetic damping unit is fixedly connected to the circumferential sidewall of the mass damping unit through a winding rope.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass damping unit includes a mass block, a top connector is provided on the top of the mass block, the top connector is connected to the bottom of the tower cabin via a connecting rope; the mass block is connected to a winding rope via a connector provided in the circumferential direction on its large circumference.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electromagnetic damping unit includes a speed increaser, the input shaft of the speed increaser is connected to a shaft via a coupling, the shaft is mounted on the inner ring of a one-way bearing, and a winding rope is wound around the outer ring of the one-way bearing; a protective sleeve is fitted on the outer ring of the shaft, one end of the protective sleeve is connected to the speed increaser, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the one-way bearing near the speed increaser; a torsion ring is fitted on the outer ring of the protective sleeve.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, several of the retaining rings are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the retaining ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower, and the lower end face of the plurality of electromagnetic damping units is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the retaining ring.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an energy recovery unit is also installed in the electromagnetic damping unit for converting vibration energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the energy recovery unit includes a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rectifier, a converter, and an energy storage module. The permanent magnet synchronous motor generates electricity under the action of the counter torque of the back electromotive force in the speed increaser. The generated alternating current is rectified into a direct current voltage by the rectifier. The direct current voltage is converted into the voltage value required for storage by the converter. Finally, the generated current flows to the energy storage module.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting rope is a flexible rope.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the winding rope is a flexible rope.

[0013] This invention has at least the following technical advantages: The controllable damping tuned mass vibration reduction device employs a suspended mass damping unit and circumferentially distributed electromagnetic damping units working in synergy. The suspended mass damping unit serves as the core inertial body, generating relative motion under external excitation, thereby counteracting the vibration energy of the tower. Simultaneously, multiple electromagnetic damping units are introduced, and radially tensioned winding ropes convert the displacement of the mass unit into mechanical input for the electromagnetic damping units, stimulating electromagnetic damping force and adjusting the damping magnitude, thus enhancing the adaptability of the device. The device has a compact overall structure, requires no hydraulic or pneumatic components, and exhibits strong environmental adaptability, making it particularly suitable for long-term deployment in high-humidity and high-salt-spray marine environments.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the position and structure of a tuned mass vibration reduction device with controllable damping according to the present invention and a tower. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a tuned mass vibration damping device with controllable damping according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a tuned mass vibration damping device with controllable damping according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mass damping unit in this invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the electromagnetic damping unit in this invention; Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the energy recovery unit in this invention.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Mass damping unit; 110. Connecting rope; 120. Mass block; 130. Connector; 200. Electromagnetic damping unit; 210. Winding rope; 220. Speed ​​increaser; 230. Coupling; 240. Shaft; 250. One-way bearing; 260. Protective sleeve; 270. Torsion ring; 280. Housing; 300. Snap ring; 400. Retaining ring; 500. Wind turbine system; 600. Tower nacelle; 700. Tower; 800. Energy recovery unit; 810. Permanent magnet synchronous motor; 820. Rectifier; 821. DC voltage; 830. Converter; 831. Output voltage; 840. Diode; 850. Energy storage module.

[0018] The purpose, features, and advantages of this accompanying drawing will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0022] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] See Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device of the present invention includes a mass damping unit 100, a retaining ring 300, and a plurality of electromagnetic damping units 200. The mass damping unit 100 is suspended; the retaining ring 300 is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the mass damping unit 100, with the axis of the retaining ring 300 coinciding with the suspension center of the mass damping unit 100 and forming an annular gap between the retaining ring 300 and the mass damping unit 100; the plurality of electromagnetic damping units 200 are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the retaining ring 300 and fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of the retaining ring 300, each electromagnetic damping unit 200 including an actuating component for converting mechanical motion into electromagnetic resistance; the input end of each electromagnetic damping unit 200 is fixedly connected to the circumferential sidewall of the mass damping unit 100 via a winding rope 210.

[0026] In this embodiment, see Figure 1As shown, the damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device is fixed to the bottom of the tower nacelle 600 and installed inside the tower 700. The tower nacelle 600 is fixed to the upper part of the tower 700, and the left side of the tower nacelle 600 is connected to the wind turbine system 500, which includes a wind turbine. The electromagnetic damping system is installed inside the tower 700. The mass damping unit 100 is a rigid body with a certain mass density, usually made of metal and spherical or cylindrical, suspended at the bottom of the tower nacelle 600, allowing it to swing freely in the horizontal plane. The mass damping unit 100 serves as the inertial mass of this vibration reduction device. Its design is matched to the first-order modal parameters of the tower 700. Specifically, the first-order modal circular frequency ω1 and the corresponding generalized mass M1 of the tower structure are obtained through finite element simulation analysis or on-site modal testing. Based on actual engineering requirements, the mass ratio μ is selected, with a value ranging from 0.01 to 0.1, and the mass m = μM1 of the mass block is determined accordingly. Then, the optimal frequency ratio f and the optimal damping ratio ξ are calculated using the tuning optimization formula, where... This ensures that the natural frequency ω=fω1 of the mass damping element matches the first-order frequency of the tower, and simultaneously determines the required connection stiffness k (unit: N / m) and damping coefficient c (unit: N) of the connection structure between the mass block and the tower. s / m), where , This allows for precise tuning and effective suppression of the target vibration frequency. When the wind turbine encounters wind and waves and vibrates, due to inertia, the mass damping unit 100 tends to maintain its original stationary state, thus generating a reverse position or appropriate phase difference relative to the tower 700, forming a mass damping effect that absorbs and transfers the wind turbine's vibration kinetic energy. Specifically, the mass damping unit 100 adopts a layered composite structure, with an outer steel shell wrapped in a corrosion-resistant coating, and the interior filled with high-density materials, such as lead or tungsten alloys, to optimize space utilization and fatigue resistance.

[0027] The retaining ring 300 is a ring-shaped rigid component, coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the mass damping unit 100. A certain annular gap is maintained between the retaining ring 300 and the mass damping unit 100 to avoid mechanical interference during movement. The retaining ring 300 serves as the mounting base and guiding constraint structure for the electromagnetic damping unit 200. Its axis coincides with the suspension center of the mass damping unit 100, ensuring the geometric alignment of the entire device. The retaining ring 300 is fixed to the inner wall of the tower 700 by a support arm or connecting flange, ensuring structural stability and reliability. To improve the device's accuracy and dynamic stability, the retaining ring 300 is machined from high-strength alloy steel and its surface is treated with anti-corrosion coating. Its cross-sectional shape is rectangular, trapezoidal, or circular, sufficient to allow for the uniform circumferential distribution of the electromagnetic damping units 200. Furthermore, the retaining ring 300 restricts the large displacement of the mass damping unit 100 in the numerical direction, enhancing the motion controllability of this vibration reduction device.

[0028] Several electromagnetic damping units 200 are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the retaining ring 300 and are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the retaining ring 300. Specifically, the electromagnetic damping units 200 are arranged in a ring array, with equal included angles between adjacent electromagnetic damping units 200. For example, when eight electromagnetic damping units 200 are set, every two adjacent electromagnetic damping units 200 are spaced 45° apart, thus achieving uniform coverage within a 360° range. Each electromagnetic damping unit 200 contains an actuator that can convert mechanical motion into electromagnetic resistance. In other words, the electromagnetic damping unit 200 is essentially an electromechanical energy conversion unit that can efficiently generate electricity and produce controllable damping torque under small displacement and low speed input conditions. Each electromagnetic damping unit 200 works independently but responds collaboratively, together forming a multi-channel and omnidirectionally adjustable damping network. Each electromagnetic damping unit 200 has an input section connected to a winding rope 210. Each winding rope 210 is fixed to the input shaft or transmission component of the electromagnetic damping unit 200, and its other end is fixedly connected to a connection point on the circumferential sidewall of the mass damping unit 100. The winding rope 210 is initially in a slightly tensioned state to ensure continuous force transmission and responsiveness. When the mass damping unit 100 undergoes horizontal displacement due to vibration, the winding rope 210 on one side of the displacement direction is stretched, causing the rotor of the corresponding electromagnetic damping unit 200 to rotate, thereby generating back electromotive force and electromagnetic damping torque; while the winding rope 210 in the opposite direction remains relaxed, generating no significant resistance.

[0029] Furthermore, all the winding ropes 210 are arranged in the same horizontal plane and extend radially from the mass damping unit 100 to their respective electromagnetic damping units 200. This ensures that horizontal vibrations in any direction can be sensed and responded to by one or more of the nearest winding ropes 210, achieving omnidirectional vibration sensitivity. Since the winding ropes 210 are uniformly distributed on the circumference, their mechanical response characteristics at various azimuth angles are highly consistent, avoiding directional bias and better suiting the actual working conditions of multi-directional disturbances at sea. Furthermore, the radial structure has good redundancy; even if individual winding ropes 210 or electromagnetic damping units 200 fail, the remaining electromagnetic damping units 200 can still continue to operate, maintaining basic vibration reduction.

[0030] Furthermore, the mass damping unit 100 serves as the power source, and its displacement is converted into the angular displacement input of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 via the winding rope 210. The retaining ring 300 acts as a static support platform, supporting all the electromagnetic damping units 200 and maintaining their spatial position. The winding rope 210 serves as the force transmission medium, converting the translational displacement of the mass damping unit 100 into the rotational input of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 while maintaining the geometric relationship between the two. This constitutes a three-level linkage structure of mass, rope, and electromagnetism, which automatically triggers the damping response under external excitation, completing the initial vibration suppression without external command intervention. The overall structure is compact, requires no hydraulic or pneumatic components, and has strong environmental adaptability, making it particularly suitable for long-term deployment in high-humidity and high-salt-spray marine environments.

[0031] Furthermore, electromagnetic damping devices offer more stable damping force input, virtually unaffected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Electromagnetic damping also achieves a more linear damping force input, making it particularly suitable for precision control scenarios and the harsh environments and high interference levels of deep-sea floating wind turbines. The electromagnetic damping unit 200 utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to achieve real-time control of damping characteristics by altering the electrical network components, offering advantages such as fast response speed, high linearity, and high control precision.

[0032] The working principle of the damping-controllable tuned mass vibration damping device in this embodiment is as follows: When the wind turbine tower 700 experiences horizontal vibration, the suspended mass damping unit 100, due to inertia, lags behind the movement of the tower 700, generating relative displacement. This pulls the connected winding rope 210, causing the electromagnetic damping unit 200 in the corresponding direction to activate, generating a back electromotive force and forming an electromagnetic torque that opposes the motion, thereby consuming vibration energy. Since multiple electromagnetic damping units 200 are circumferentially evenly distributed and connected by radial winding ropes 210, at least one electromagnetic damping unit 200 can respond promptly regardless of the direction of vibration, achieving omnidirectional and adaptive damping adjustment. This vibration damping device has no complex fluid system or seals, has a simple structure, and exhibits almost zero wear, reducing maintenance frequency and downtime. In deep-sea applications, the maintenance cost of floating wind turbines is high; using this vibration damping device is more cost-effective and economical.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, existing technologies utilize magnetorheological damping devices as vibration reduction devices. For comparison, a simplified dynamic model is established in MATLAB based on the structural parameters of the wind turbine tower, and controllable models for both electromagnetic damping devices and magnetorheological damping devices are defined. Subsequently, wind load time histories with stochastic characteristics are generated as excitation inputs, and control strategies are designed accordingly. After simulation, the accelerations at two points, the top and middle of the tower, are obtained. By calculating the acceleration difference between these two points, the angular acceleration of the tower is derived, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below. Table 1. Tower angular acceleration under different vibration mitigation structures at different times.

[0034] Table 2. Root mean square values ​​of tower acceleration under different vibration mitigation structures

[0035] A comparison of the three structures shows that: without a damping device, there is no damping effect, and the tower vibration amplitude (angular acceleration) is the largest among the three groups. Using a magnetorheological damping device provides damping, and the tower vibration amplitude is reduced compared to the "no damping" group. Using an electromagnetic damping device provides the best damping effect, with the tower vibration amplitude (including the root mean square value of angular acceleration) being the lowest among the three groups. This device utilizes the characteristics of electromagnetic damping. Overall conclusion: The electromagnetic damping device has better vibration damping performance than the magnetorheological damping device, reducing the tower's angular acceleration and achieving a good vibration damping effect.

[0036] See some specific embodiments of the present invention. Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the mass damping unit 100 includes a mass block 120, and a connector 130 is provided on the top of the mass block 120. The top connector 130 is connected to the bottom of the tower 600 via a connecting rope 110. The mass block 120 is connected to the winding rope 210 via the connector 130 located on its maximum circumference in the circumferential direction.

[0037] In this embodiment, the mass block 120 is a spherical high-density metal casting, made of, but not limited to, ductile iron or Q345B steel plate welded into a hollow spherical shell structure, with an outer diameter of Φ800mm-Φ1200mm, a wall thickness of 30mm-50mm, and a total mass of 3-8 tons, to accommodate the internal space constraints of the offshore floating wind turbine tower 700 and the low-frequency vibration tuning requirements in the 1P–3P frequency band (0.1Hz–0.6Hz). The geometric center of the mass block 120 coincides with the axis of the tower 700, ensuring a predictable center of mass position and a symmetrical motion trajectory. The surface of the mass block 120 is sandblasted and coated with an epoxy zinc-rich primer to enhance its corrosion resistance in marine environments. A connector 130 is welded to the top of the mass block 120; or the connector 130 at the top is an annular flange with an internally threaded hole, the outer diameter of which matches the top flange of the mass block 120, and is rigidly connected to the mass block 120 by evenly distributed bolts. The connection methods between the top connector 130 and the connecting rope 110 include, but are not limited to, through-hole knot type, welded ear plate, or embedded pin seat, corresponding to different connection methods of the connecting rope 110 ends. See Figure 4 As shown, eight connectors 130 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the largest circumference of the mass block 120. The angle between two adjacent connectors is 45°. The mass block 120 is connected to the winding rope 210 through the connectors 130. The connection method between the mass block 120 and the connector 210 includes, but is not limited to, welding.

[0038] The top of the mass block 120 is connected to the bottom of the tower 600 via a connector 130 and a connecting rope 110, forming a defined vertical suspension reference. The mass block 120 is provided with a connector 130 in the circumferential direction at its maximum circumference and is connected to the winding rope 210, establishing a deterministic mapping relationship between the motion displacement of the mass block 120 and the input torque of the electromagnetic damping unit 200. The inertial motion of the mass block 120 under the coupled excitation of wind and waves at sea is stably captured and efficiently converted into controllable dynamic torque of the eight electromagnetic damping units 200, improving the omnidirectional vibration reduction consistency and long-term operational reliability of the device under complex sea conditions.

[0039] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the electromagnetic damping unit 200 includes a speed increaser 220. The input shaft of the speed increaser 220 is connected to the shaft 240 via a coupling 230. The shaft 240 is mounted on the inner ring of the one-way bearing 250, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 is wound with a winding rope 210. A protective sleeve 260 is fitted on the outer ring of the shaft 240. One end of the protective sleeve 260 is connected to the speed increaser 220, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the one-way bearing 250 near the speed increaser 220. A torsion ring 270 is fitted on the outer ring of the protective sleeve 260.

[0040] In this embodiment, see Figure 5As shown, the electromagnetic damping unit 200 includes a speed increaser 220, used to convert low-speed input into high-speed output. The speed increaser 220 adopts a planetary gear system structure, adapting to the installation requirements within the limited space of offshore wind turbines. The input shaft of the speed increaser 220 is connected to the shaft 240 via a coupling 230. The coupling 230 is a flexible coupling or an elastic pin coupling, which can reliably transmit torque even with slight misalignment and absorb some vibration impact, preventing stress concentration damage to the transmission chain. The shaft 240 is mounted on the inner ring of the one-way bearing 250. The shaft 240 is a stepped shaft, made of high-strength alloy steel and surface-hardened to ensure torsional strength and wear resistance. The one-way bearing 250 has the same function as a ratchet, with an inner and outer ring structure. When the outer ring rotates forward, the friction of the internal wedge blocks causes the outer ring to drive the inner ring to rotate together; however, this does not happen when rotating in the opposite direction, thus achieving a one-way power locking function. The outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 is wound with a winding rope 210, which is a flexible metal rope. One end of the winding rope 210 is fixed to the drum structure of the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250, and the other end is connected to the circumferential connection point of the mass damping unit 100. When the mass block 120 shifts horizontally due to inertia, it pulls the winding rope 210 to make the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 rotate in the forward direction, thereby driving the inner ring, shaft 240, and input shaft of speed increaser 220 to rotate, forming an effective power input path. A protective sleeve 260 is fitted on the outer ring of shaft 240. The protective sleeve 260 is a cylindrical structure that is lightweight and corrosion-resistant. One end of the protective sleeve is fixed to the housing of speed increaser 220 through a flange or threaded connection, and the other end is fixed to the end cap of the one-way bearing 250 near the speed increaser 220, which serves to provide axial positioning, dust and water protection, and prevent bending deformation of the shaft system. The protective sleeve 260 has a torsion ring 270 on its outer ring. The torsion ring 270 is a ring-shaped elastic element, which adopts a helical spring structure or a torsion bar spring form. The initial torsion angle is preset. When the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 rotates in the forward direction, the torsion ring 270 is synchronously torsion and accumulates elastic potential energy. When the external excitation weakens or disappears, the mass block 120 tends to return to the center, the torsion ring 270 releases the stored energy, drives the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 to rotate in the reverse direction, and realizes the automatic winding and resetting of the winding rope 210.

[0041] The components are connected sequentially according to the assembly order: input shaft of speed increaser 220 → coupling 230 → shaft 240 → inner ring of one-way bearing 250 (rigid connection); winding rope 210 → outer ring of one-way bearing 250 (wound and fixed); shaft 240 → inner cavity of protective sleeve 260 (clearance fit); both ends of protective sleeve 260 → speed increaser 220 and one-way bearing 250 (rigid connection); torsion ring 270 → outer surface of protective sleeve 260 (interference fit), thus forming a complete power and energy conversion channel. When the system is in operation, the movement of mass block 120 drives the winding rope 210 to pull the outer ring of one-way bearing 250 to rotate forward. The power is transmitted to speed increaser 220 through the inner ring, shaft 240, and coupling 230, ultimately driving the generator rotor to rotate at high speed, generating back electromotive force and forming a controllable electromagnetic damping torque, effectively dissipating vibration energy. During the return stroke, due to the one-way locking characteristic of the one-way bearing 250, the reverse rotation of the outer ring will not drive the inner ring and subsequent transmission components to rotate, thus generating no additional electromagnetic resistance and avoiding the negative damping effect or energy waste that may be caused by traditional dampers during the reset process.

[0042] The working principle of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 is as follows: Eight flexible wound steel ropes in the electromagnetic damping unit 200 are fixed at one end to a one-way bearing 250 and at the other end to connectors 130 evenly distributed circumferentially around the largest circle of the mass block 120. The excess ropes are wound around the one-way bearing 250. The one-way bearing 250 has the same function as a ratchet, and its structure consists of an inner ring and an outer ring. When the outer ring rotates forward, the friction of the internal wedge blocks causes the outer ring to rotate with the inner ring; however, this does not happen when rotating in the opposite direction. When the wind turbine encounters wind and waves, causing vibrations, the mass block 120 is displaced. The mass block 120 pulls the winding rope 210. Since the winding rope 210 is wound around the one-way bearing 250, it will cause the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 to rotate in the forward direction. The inner ring of the one-way bearing 250 will also rotate, and the shaft 240 installed on the inner ring of the one-way bearing 250 will also rotate. Through the coupling 230, it will drive the input shaft of the speed increaser 220 to rotate. The input shaft of the speed increaser 220 will drive the rotor of the servo motor to rotate faster through the planetary gear system. The rotor cuts the magnetic field lines to generate a back electromotive force. After being rectified by the three-phase rectifier 820, it forms a DC current loop, generating an electromagnetic torque in the opposite direction to the motor rotor, forming an electromagnetic damping effect to suppress the vibration of the wind turbine. When the entire process is completed, the torsion ring 270 is in a torsion state. At this time, the torsion ring 270 will generate torque to drive the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 to rotate in the opposite direction. Due to the one-way nature of the one-way bearing 250, the inner ring of the one-way bearing 250 will not rotate with the outer ring, and the servo motor will not generate electromagnetic damping effect, so there is no negative gain to the vibration. The winding rope 210 will also be rewound back onto the one-way bearing 250, and the electromagnetic damping unit 200 returns to its initial state, preparing for the next vibration damping.

[0043] The electromagnetic damping unit 200 integrates a speed increaser 220, a coupling 230, a shaft 240, a one-way bearing 250, a protective sleeve 260, and a torsion ring 270 to form an electromechanical integrated damping unit with efficient energy transfer, stable operation, and automatic reset. It achieves a self-resetting electromagnetic damping unit 200 based on the synergistic effect of the one-way bearing 250 and the torsion ring 270. By employing the one-way bearing 250 to achieve a power switching mechanism of forward drive and reverse disengagement, combined with the elastic energy storage characteristics of the torsion ring 270, automatic rewinding and reset of the winding rope 210 is achieved. The protective sleeve 260 provides radial constraint and environmental isolation for the shaft 240, improving the operational stability of the device under complex marine conditions. Simultaneously, the introduction of the speed increaser 220 significantly improves the utilization rate of low-frequency vibration energy, enhancing the electromagnetic damping effect. The overall structure is compact, responsive, and maintenance-free, making it particularly suitable for applications with high reliability and sustainability requirements, such as floating wind turbines.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of retaining rings 300 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower 700.

[0045] In this embodiment, the retaining ring 300 is a ring-shaped rigid structural component. Its outer diameter is adapted to the curvature of the inner wall of the tower 700. It is hollow and circular in shape, with an axial cross-section of rectangle, T-shape, or I-shape to balance structural rigidity and lightweight requirements. The annular gap formed between the retaining ring 300 and the mass block 120 is uniform in circumferential direction, typically ranging from 8mm to 15mm. This ensures that the mass block 120 does not rub against each other during normal vibration, and provides nonlinear stiffness supplementation through gap limiting during large-amplitude vibration, suppressing excessive lateral displacement. The retaining ring 300 is directly anchored to the main load-bearing structure of the tower 700, and its support stiffness is much higher than that of cantilever supports or suspended structures. Therefore, when the mass block 120 undergoes inertial displacement, the deformation of the retaining ring 300 itself is minimal, stably maintaining the geometric relationship of the annular gap with the mass block 120.

[0046] Furthermore, multiple retaining rings 300 are arranged in layers along the axial direction of the tower 700 to form a spatial constraint system for the mass block 120: several retaining rings 300 are arranged coaxially and vertically, with the upper retaining rings 300 mainly constraining the upward jumping of the mass block 120, the lower retaining rings 300 suppressing sinking instability, and the middle retaining rings 300 jointly suppressing the torsional and swaying coupled modes. Through multi-point constraints, the dispersion of the motion trajectory of the mass block 120 is significantly reduced, so that it always maintains approximately pure translational characteristics, thereby ensuring that the radial force state of the wound steel rope in the horizontal plane is not destroyed. This, in turn, ensures that the rotational drive signal received by the one-way bearing 250 in the electromagnetic damping unit 200 truly reflects the horizontal displacement of the mass block 120, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the displacement signal input to the electromagnetic damping unit 200.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the retaining ring 400 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower 700, and the lower end face of a plurality of electromagnetic damping units 200 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the retaining ring 400.

[0048] In this embodiment, several electromagnetic damping units 200 are evenly distributed along the circumference. The lower end face of each electromagnetic damping unit 200 directly contacts the upper end face of the retaining ring 400 and is fixedly connected by screws, pins, or welding. This effectively constrains the vertical displacement of each electromagnetic damping unit 200, preventing sinking, tilting, or loosening due to its own weight or dynamic excitation. Several electromagnetic damping units 200 are uniformly supported by sharing the same retaining ring 400 platform, improving installation consistency and spatial positioning accuracy, and facilitating the balanced distribution of tension in the subsequent winding rope 210. The fixed relationship between the retaining ring 400 and the electromagnetic damping units 200 not only achieves vertical limitation of the electromagnetic damping units 200 but also participates in forming the mechanical transmission path of the entire vibration reduction device: when the mass damping unit 100 moves and pulls the winding rope 210, a reverse electromagnetic torque is generated inside the electromagnetic damping unit 200. This reverse electromagnetic torque is transmitted to the retaining ring 400 and then diffused through the retaining ring 400 to the inner wall of the tower 700. Therefore, the retaining ring 400, as a key force transfer component, bears the reaction force generated by all electromagnetic damping units 200 during operation, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and dynamic stability of the system.

[0049] In addition, the retaining ring 400 works in conjunction with the retaining ring 300 above to form a double-layer limiting structure. The retaining ring 300 restricts the electromagnetic damping unit 200's freedom in the radial and axial directions, while the retaining ring 400 mainly undertakes the function of supporting in the axial direction. The two work together to significantly improve the installation reliability of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 under complex vibration conditions. Especially in the harsh environment of offshore floating wind turbines, facing continuous wave loads, this double constraint structure can effectively prevent the equipment from loosening or failing.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, an energy recovery unit 800 is also installed in the electromagnetic damping unit 200 for converting vibration energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0051] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic damping unit 200 provides controllable damping force through electromagnetic counter-torque to suppress the structural vibration of the tower 700. Simultaneously, as an energy input, it converts the traction motion of the winding rope 210 caused by the movement of the mass block 120 into stable shaft rotational motion, providing a power source for subsequent power generation. The energy recovery unit 800 is an electromechanical integrated structure that combines generator, power conversion, and energy storage management functions. It is integrated inside the electromagnetic damping unit 200 or arranged adjacent to its housing, making full use of existing installation space and avoiding additional occupation of valuable space resources within the tower 700. Utilizing the relative motion between the tuned mass block 120 and the tower 700 as the initial driving force, displacement is transmitted to the electromagnetic damping unit 200 through the flexible winding rope 210, activating the internal rotation mechanism of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 and driving the generator. The energy recovery unit 800 receives mechanical energy input from the electromagnetic damping unit 200, completes the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy, and conditions and stores the output electrical energy. Because offshore floating wind turbines operate under complex alternating loads for extended periods, the mass block 120 continuously oscillates at low frequencies, resulting in a continuous and periodic energy recovery process that can stably output a certain level of electrical energy. The recovered energy is used to power the turbine's yaw control system, sensor network, communication modules, or lighting system, reducing reliance on external power grids or backup power supplies. This is particularly suitable for deep-sea wind farms far from land and where operation and maintenance are difficult. Furthermore, this energy recovery process runs parallel to the vibration reduction control process without conflict. The generation of electromagnetic damping force depends on the reverse electromagnetic torque generated during generator operation; therefore, the energy recovery unit 800 constitutes part of the damping. The two work together to achieve a virtuous cycle of vibration reduction and power generation, and power generation aiding vibration reduction.

[0052] By incorporating the energy recovery unit 800, excess vibration energy generated during vibration can be effectively captured and reused without affecting the original tuned mass damping performance. Furthermore, since the energy recovery unit 800 is directly integrated into the electromagnetic damping unit 200, damping application and energy harvesting are completed simultaneously using the same motion input. This avoids the structural redundancy and space occupation caused by independently setting up a power generation module, achieving the technical effect of integrated vibration reduction and energy feeding. This enhances the overall efficiency and sustainable operation capability of the device, aligns with the concept of green and low-carbon development, and is particularly suitable for offshore wind power equipment applications with high energy self-sufficiency requirements.

[0053] See some specific embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6As shown, the energy recovery unit 800 includes a permanent magnet synchronous motor 810, a rectifier 820, a converter 830, and an energy storage module 850. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 generates electricity under the action of the back EMF torque in the speed increaser 220. The generated AC power is rectified into DC voltage by the rectifier 820. The DC voltage 821 is converted into the voltage value required for storage by the converter 830. Finally, the generated current flows to the energy storage module 850 to charge the energy storage device.

[0054] In this embodiment, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 serves as the energy conversion unit, the rectifier 820 performs AC / DC conversion, the converter 830 handles voltage level matching and power regulation, and the energy storage module 850 provides transient buffering and long-term storage of electrical energy. Specifically, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 has an internal or surface-mount rotor structure, with a star-connected stator winding and a rated speed range covering 50 r / min to 800 r / min, adapting to the wide speed range output of the speed increaser 220. The housing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 is rigidly connected to the output terminal of the speed increaser 220, and coaxiality control is achieved through axial positioning pins and radial stops, with a coaxiality error ≤0.03 mm to avoid additional vibration losses caused by eccentricity. The rectifier 820 is a three-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier bridge, composed of six silicon-based fast recovery diodes 840. The heat sink base plate is in direct thermal contact with the metal surface of the outer shell 280 of the electromagnetic damping unit 200. An electrolytic capacitor is connected in parallel at the output terminal of the rectifier 820 to smooth out pulsating voltage. The converter 830 is an FSBB (Four-Switch Buck-Boost) converter. The energy storage module 850 includes an electrochemical energy storage unit and supporting management circuitry; the electrochemical energy storage unit is either a lithium-ion battery pack or a double-layer supercapacitor module, both secured to the pre-installed mounting positions on the retaining ring 400 or retaining ring 300 by bolts; the supporting management circuitry includes a battery management system or a supercapacitor balancing module, equipped with overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short-circuit, and abnormal temperature protection functions, and a communication interface supporting a CAN bus for real-time exchange of charging and discharging status data with the wind turbine's main control system. The three-phase AC power output from the permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 is rectified into DC voltage 821 by the rectifier 820, which serves as the input source for the converter 830; the DC voltage 821 is then converted by the converter 830 to the voltage value required for energy storage; finally, the output voltage 831 is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage module 850 via diode 840, completing the energy injection. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 and the speed increaser 220 are coaxially integrated in the electromagnetic damping unit 200. The rectifier 820 is fixed to the side wall of the speed increaser 220 housing. The converter 830 is installed in the bottom of the outer shell 280 of the electromagnetic damping unit 200 in the form of an independent shielded box. The energy storage module 850 is externally placed in the area near the retaining ring 400 on the inner wall of the tower 700, and low-interference connection is achieved through armored shielded cable.

[0055] When the winding rope 210 pulls the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250 to rotate in the forward direction, it drives the input shaft of the shaft 240, coupling 230, and speed increaser 220 linked to it to rotate synchronously. This, in turn, drives the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 810 connected to the end of the speed increaser 220 to rotate at high speed, cutting the magnetic field in the stator winding to generate an alternating electromotive force. The generated alternating current then enters the rectification stage, and is converted into a direct current voltage 821 by the rectifier 820 to meet the charging needs of subsequent energy storage devices. To further improve energy utilization efficiency, the direct current voltage 821 is adjusted by the converter 830 to match the optimal charging window for different types of energy storage devices. Finally, the processed current is delivered to the energy storage module 850 to complete energy storage.

[0056] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the connecting rope 110 is a flexible rope.

[0057] In this embodiment, the connecting rope 110 mainly bears axial tension and low-frequency large displacement oscillation, focusing on static load bearing and long-term creep stability. When the mass block 120 is subjected to lateral excitation and generates initial displacement, the connecting rope 110 first undergoes axial elongation and small-angle deflection, providing the first-level flexible suspension support for the mass block 120. By selecting the connecting rope 110 as a flexible rope, the top suspension point of the mass block 120 obtains effective vertical and lateral displacement compensation capabilities, suppressing local structural stress concentration in the tower 600. Flexible ropes specifically refer to a type of linear load-bearing component that, under dynamic alternating loads, possesses redundant tensile strength, controllable plastic elongation after yielding, and significantly lower bending stiffness than rigid rods of the same cross-section.

[0058] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the winding rope 210 is a flexible rope.

[0059] In this embodiment, the winding rope 210 converts the radial displacement of the mass block 120 into the rotational motion of the outer ring of the one-way bearing 250, and bears the reverse release tension during the reset phase of the torsion ring 270. The winding rope 210 must maintain structural stability under frequent forward and reverse winding / unwinding conditions, and its fatigue life must cover the entire life cycle of the device. To enable the winding rope 210 to respond to high-frequency micro-amplitude reciprocating motion, the dynamic bending fatigue and interface friction power consumption control are emphasized. The winding rope 210 is synchronously pulled at the connection point of the circumferential sidewall of the mass block 120, and its low bending stiffness allows it to quickly adapt to the spatial trajectory changes at the connection point, smoothly converting the displacement into torque input to the one-way bearing 250. The winding rope 210 is selected as a flexible rope, which forms a gapless flexible hinge with the connector 130 of the circumferential sidewall of the mass block 120, eliminating the bending moment transmission path that is inevitably caused by rigid connection, so that the winding rope 210 always works in a pure tension state, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the input torque of the electromagnetic damping unit 200. The above content is merely a modification or supplement to the structure of the present invention or a substitution in a similar manner. As long as it does not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, it shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device, characterized in that, include: Mass damping unit (100), suspended arrangement; A retaining ring (300) is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the mass damping unit (100). The axis of the retaining ring (300) coincides with the suspension center of the mass damping unit (100) and forms an annular gap with the mass damping unit (100). Several electromagnetic damping units (200) are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the retaining ring (300) and fixedly installed on the retaining ring (300). Each electromagnetic damping unit (200) includes an actuating component for converting mechanical motion into electromagnetic resistance. The input end of each electromagnetic damping unit (200) is fixedly connected to the circumferential sidewall of the mass damping unit (100) through a winding rope (210).

2. The damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass damping unit (100) includes a mass block (120) and a top connector (130) is provided on the top of the mass block (120). The top connector (130) is connected to the bottom of the tower (600) via a connecting rope (110). The mass block (120) is connected to the winding rope (210) via a connector (130) located in the circumferential direction on its large circumference.

3. The damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic damping unit (200) includes a speed increaser (220), the input shaft of which is connected to a shaft (240) via a coupling (230). The shaft (240) is mounted on the inner ring of a one-way bearing (250), and a winding rope (210) is wound around the outer ring of the one-way bearing (250). A protective sleeve (260) is fitted on the outer ring of the shaft (240), one end of which is connected to the speed increaser (220), and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the one-way bearing (250) near the speed increaser (220). A torsion ring (270) is fitted on the outer ring of the protective sleeve (260).

4. The damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several of the aforementioned retaining rings (300) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower (700).

5. The damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining ring (400) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower (700), and the lower end face of the plurality of electromagnetic damping units (200) is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the retaining ring (400).

6. The damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An energy recovery unit (800) is also installed in the electromagnetic damping unit (200) to convert vibration energy into electrical energy for storage.

7. A damping-controllable tuned mass vibration damping device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy recovery unit (800) includes a permanent magnet synchronous motor (810), a rectifier (820), a converter (830), and an energy storage module (850). The permanent magnet synchronous motor (810) generates electricity under the action of the counter torque of the back electromotive force in the speed increaser (220). The generated AC power is rectified into DC voltage (821) by the rectifier (820). The DC voltage (821) is converted into the voltage value required for storage by the converter (830). Finally, the generated current flows to the energy storage module (850).

8. A damping-controllable tuned mass vibration reduction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting rope (110) is a flexible rope.

9. A damping-controllable tuned mass vibration damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The winding rope (210) is a flexible rope.

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