Speed reducer, vehicle and quality detection method

Abstract

The invention provides a speed reducer, a vehicle and a quality detection method. The speed reducer comprises a speed reducer shell, and a containing cavity is formed in the speed reducer shell; the gear shaft is located in the containing cavity, bearing assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the gear shaft, the gear shaft is connected with the speed reducer shell through the bearing assemblies, the bearing assemblies and the gear shaft are arranged in an interference fit mode, and first mounting grooves are formed in the end faces of the bearing assemblies; and the elastic assembly is located in the first mounting groove, part of the elastic assembly protrudes out of the first mounting groove, and the elastic assembly makes contact with the speed reducer shell. The problems that in the prior art, a bearing outer ring creeps along with operation of a speed reducer, and abrasion is generated are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering technology, and more specifically, to a speed reducer, a vehicle, and a quality inspection method. Background Technology

[0002] Deep groove ball bearings are widely used components in the reducer and motor input of new energy vehicles, especially under high-speed and high-torque conditions. Deep groove ball bearings typically consist of an inner ring, outer ring, steel balls, and a cage. The inner ring has an interference fit with the shaft, while the outer ring has a clearance fit with the housing. While this fit satisfies assembly requirements to some extent, in actual operation, due to the axial and radial forces transmitted from the shaft to the bearing, the bearing, especially the outer ring, undergoes creep—a slow and continuous deformation of the material under pressure. The direct consequence of creep is relative movement between the bearing outer ring and the reducer or motor housing, leading to housing wear, affecting the running stability of the shaft teeth, potentially increasing the clearance, and causing failure of other components.

[0003] No effective solution has yet been proposed to address the above issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a speed reducer, a vehicle, and a quality inspection method to solve the problem of creep and wear of the outer ring of the bearing during the operation of the speed reducer in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a speed reducer is provided, comprising: a speed reducer housing having a receiving cavity inside; a gear shaft located within the receiving cavity, bearing assemblies provided at both ends of the gear shaft, the gear shaft being connected to the speed reducer housing via the bearing assemblies, the bearing assemblies being interference-fitted with the gear shaft, wherein a first mounting groove is formed on the end face of the bearing assembly; and an elastic component located within the first mounting groove, with a portion of the elastic component protruding from the first mounting groove, the elastic component contacting the speed reducer housing.

[0006] Furthermore, the reducer also includes: a bearing cover assembly located within the receiving cavity, at least a portion of the bearing cover assembly located on the side of the bearing assembly near the gear shaft, an elastic component contacting the side of the bearing cover assembly near the bearing assembly, the bearing cover assembly being connected to the reducer housing by bolts, the bearing cover assembly located on the outside of the gear shaft, and the bearing cover assembly being disposed with a certain gap from the gear shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the bearing cover plate assembly includes: a cover plate body, on the side of the cover plate body facing the bearing assembly, a second mounting groove is provided; a second elastic member, the second elastic member is located in the second mounting groove, and a portion of the second elastic member protrudes from the second mounting groove, and the second elastic member is in contact with the end face of the bearing assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, both the elastic component and the second elastic element are made of damping material.

[0009] Furthermore, both the elastic component and the second elastic element are designed with an arc-shaped structure.

[0010] Furthermore, one of the bearing assemblies is a cylindrical roller bearing, which includes an inner ring, cylindrical rollers and an outer ring along the radial direction of the gear shaft from the inside to the outside. The two ends of the cylindrical rollers are in contact with the outer wall surface of the inner ring and the inner wall surface of the outer ring, respectively. The first mounting groove is located on the end face of the outer ring. The other bearing assembly is a deep groove ball bearing.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a speed reducer, which is the speed reducer described above.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for quality inspection of bearing assemblies inside a reducer is provided. The method inspects the reducer as described above, including: acquiring image information of the interior of the reducer housing; processing the image information using an image processing algorithm to obtain parameter information of the elastic components, wherein the parameter information includes the quantity information of the elastic components and the height information of the elastic components; determining whether the elastic components meet the installation standards based on the parameter information, generating a judgment result, and using the judgment result to determine whether the quality of the bearing assembly meets the standards.

[0013] Furthermore, image processing algorithms are used to process the image information to obtain parameter information of the damping material inside the bearing assembly, including: based on the difference in light reflectivity between the elastic component and the bearing assembly, the distribution position of the elastic component on the outer ring of the bearing is detected by image processing algorithms to obtain the quantity and height information of the elastic component.

[0014] Furthermore, based on parameter information, it is determined whether the elastic components meet the installation standards, and the judgment results are generated as follows: if it is determined that the number of elastic components meets the preset number, a first judgment result is generated, which indicates that no elastic components are missing; if it is determined that the measured height of the elastic components meets the preset height, a second judgment result is generated, which indicates that the elastic components are installed in place.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of this invention, and by setting an elastic component on the end face of the bearing assembly, creep of the bearing assembly during operation is effectively prevented, significantly reducing wear on the reducer housing and improving overall service life and operational stability. Furthermore, this solution avoids the assembly complexity and potential failure risks associated with adding damping material to the outer ring of the traditional reducer without altering the original assembly method, making assembly more flexible and reliable, and facilitating efficient production line operation. This application solves the problem of creep and wear of the bearing outer ring during reducer operation in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of the reducer according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the speed reducer according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a bearing cover assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the quality inspection method for bearing assemblies within a reducer according to the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the detection device according to the present invention is shown.

[0022] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0023] 1. Flexible components;

[0024] 2. Bearing assembly;

[0025] 3. Gear shaft;

[0026] 4. Bolts;

[0027] 5. Bearing cover plate assembly;

[0028] 51. Cover plate body;

[0029] 52. Second mounting slot;

[0030] 53. Second elastic element;

[0031] 6. Gearbox housing. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0035] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0036] In the industry, methods to reduce bearing outer ring creep generally fall into two categories: reducing bearing outer ring deformation and reducing outer ring rotation. Reducing bearing outer ring deformation usually requires increasing the outer ring wall thickness to reduce deformation during operation under stress, thereby reducing creep. However, using this method with standard bearing dimensions requires reducing the inner ring thickness or ball diameter, which is detrimental to bearing life.

[0037] Therefore, the industry currently typically uses increased frictional resistance to reduce outer ring creep. Specifically:

[0038] Reference [CN119914609A] provides a relatively common method of adding an O-ring to the outer ring. The shape of the original O-ring is optimized into a U-shape to achieve better assemblability and anti-dislodgement function. However, this O-ring method has the problems of affecting the strength of the bearing outer ring, making assembly difficult, and the housing usually has oil passages. The sharp part of the O-ring is easily damaged by rubbing against the oil passage, causing failure.

[0039] The literature [CN115217851A] provides a full-encapsulation method, which is based on the same principle as O-rings. Full encapsulation eliminates the need for slotting on the outer ring of the bearing, improving the reliability of the outer ring and reducing process costs. However, the full-encapsulation method also has the problem of difficult assembly, which is not conducive to improving production line cycle time, and the assembly is unreliable.

[0040] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a speed reducer is provided according to a specific embodiment of this application.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the reducer includes: a reducer housing 6, the reducer housing 6 having a receiving cavity inside; a gear shaft 3, the gear shaft 3 being located in the receiving cavity, bearing assemblies 2 being provided at both ends of the gear shaft 3, the gear shaft 3 being connected to the reducer housing 6 through the bearing assemblies 2, the bearing assemblies 2 being configured with an interference fit with the gear shaft 3, wherein a first mounting groove is provided on the end face of the bearing assembly 2; and an elastic component 1, the elastic component 1 being located in the first mounting groove, and a portion of the elastic component 1 protruding from the first mounting groove, the elastic component 1 being in contact with the reducer housing 6.

[0042] It should be further explained that multiple first mounting grooves may be provided on the end face of the bearing assembly 2, and each first mounting groove is evenly arranged along the circumference of the bearing assembly 2.

[0043] By applying the technical solution of this invention, and by providing an elastic component 1 on the end face of the bearing assembly 2, creep of the bearing assembly 2 during operation is effectively prevented, significantly reducing wear on the reducer housing 6 and improving overall service life and operational stability. Furthermore, this solution avoids the assembly complexity and potential failure risks associated with adding damping material to the outer side of the outer ring in traditional methods, without altering the original assembly method of the reducer. This makes assembly more flexible and reliable, facilitating efficient production line operation. This application solves the problem of creep and wear of the bearing outer ring during reducer operation in the prior art.

[0044] Specifically, the reducer also includes a bearing cover assembly 5, which is located within the receiving cavity. At least a portion of the bearing cover assembly 5 is located on the side of the bearing assembly 2 closest to the gear shaft 3. The elastic component 1 contacts the side of the bearing cover assembly 5 closest to the bearing assembly 2. The bearing cover assembly 5 is connected to the reducer housing 6 via bolts 4. The bearing cover assembly 5 is located on the outside of the gear shaft 3, and is positioned with a certain gap between it and the gear shaft 3. The bearing cover assembly 5 is firmly connected to the reducer housing 6 via bolts 4. This structure not only enhances the stability of the bearing assembly but also ensures that, under both positive and negative torque conditions, the bearing cover assembly can work in conjunction with the elastic component on the bearing end face to effectively prevent creep of the bearing outer ring under axial force. Through the intervention of the bearing cover assembly, this solution effectively suppresses creep of the outer ring under various operating conditions, reduces wear on the reducer housing 6, and extends the service life of the bearing and the reducer.

[0045] The bearing cover assembly is an additional component located on one side of the gear shaft. It forms a closed structure with the bearing assembly, enabling more effective control of the bearing assembly's position and enhancing axial positioning. The bearing cover is typically made of metal, possessing sufficient rigidity to support the elastic component and withstand the axial forces generated during gearbox operation.

[0046] The bearing cover plate assembly 5 has a contact surface on the side near the bearing assembly 2 that matches the elastic component 1. When the bearing assembly is subjected to axial force generated inside the reducer, the elastic component 1 will contact the bearing cover plate assembly 5, generating additional frictional force, thereby effectively suppressing the creep behavior of the bearing assembly and protecting the reducer housing from wear.

[0047] The bearing cover plate assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the reducer housing 6 by bolts 4. The preload of the bolts should be appropriate to ensure the firm installation of the bearing cover plate assembly, while avoiding excessive additional pressure on the bearing assembly and gear shaft. The bolt connection design makes the bearing cover plate assembly easy to disassemble and replace, and convenient for maintenance.

[0048] A certain gap is designed between the bearing cover plate assembly 5 and the gear shaft 3. This gap needs to be precisely controlled to accommodate the thermal expansion of the gear shaft and the slight displacement during operation, while preventing additional friction or vibration during high-speed rotation. The existence of the gap also allows the bearing cover plate assembly and the elastic component a certain degree of freedom when subjected to axial force, so as to realize automatic adjustment of friction force and adapt to the needs of different torque conditions.

[0049] The installation of the bearing cover assembly also provides an additional sealing layer inside the reducer, which helps prevent external contaminants such as dust and moisture from entering, protects the bearing assembly and gear shaft from corrosion and wear, and extends the service life of the reducer.

[0050] Specifically, the bearing cover plate assembly 5 includes: a cover plate body 51, with a second mounting groove 52 formed on the side of the cover plate body 51 facing the bearing assembly 2; and a second elastic member 53, located within the second mounting groove 52, with a portion of the second elastic member 53 protruding from the second mounting groove 52, and in contact with the end face of the bearing assembly 2. This design allows the second elastic member 53 to form a dual structure with the damping material of the bearing end face when the reducer transmits torque, effectively increasing the friction between the bearing and the reducer housing, thereby further suppressing the creep tendency of the bearing outer ring under axial force, reducing housing wear, and improving overall stability and reliability.

[0051] The cover plate body is the foundation of the bearing cover plate assembly and is typically made of high-strength materials such as alloy steel or aluminum alloy to ensure sufficient rigidity when subjected to axial forces. The shape of the cover plate body matches the internal structure of the reducer housing to ensure accurate and tight installation.

[0052] The cover plate body 51 has a second mounting groove 52 on the side facing the bearing assembly 2. These grooves are used to install the second elastic element 53. The design of the second mounting groove needs to take into account the shape, size and elastic characteristics of the elastic element to ensure that the elastic element can be firmly installed in the groove, while allowing part of the elastic element to protrude so that friction can be generated when the bearing assembly is subjected to axial force.

[0053] Specifically, both the elastic component 1 and the second elastic element 53 are made of damping material. The use of damping material not only improves the stability of the bearing, but also increases the contact force between the damping material and the housing or adjusting ring as the torque increases, automatically adjusting the friction force, further suppressing creep, and extending the service life of the reducer.

[0054] Specifically, both the elastic component 1 and the second elastic element 53 are designed with an arc-shaped structure. The arc-shaped structure of the elastic component provides a larger contact area, allowing for a more even distribution of frictional force when in contact with the reducer housing or bearing cover assembly. This avoids localized high stress concentration, thereby reducing wear and extending service life. The arc-shaped structure can automatically adjust the contact point according to the direction and magnitude of the axial force, achieving dynamic balance of frictional force. It effectively prevents creep regardless of whether the torque is positive or negative.

[0055] In another specific embodiment, the second elastic element 53 and the elastic component 1 are typically made of an elastic material with a high coefficient of friction, such as a specially formulated rubber or polyurethane, to ensure sufficient frictional resistance when in contact with the end face of the bearing assembly. The shape of the second elastic element 53 must match the second mounting groove 52, and may be circular, fan-shaped, or square, etc., to adapt to different working requirements.

[0056] Specifically, one of the bearing assemblies 2 is a cylindrical roller bearing. Along the radial direction of the gear shaft 3 from the inside to the outside, the bearing assembly 2 includes an inner ring, cylindrical rollers and an outer ring. The two ends of the cylindrical rollers are in contact with the outer wall surface of the inner ring and the inner wall surface of the outer ring, respectively. The first mounting groove is located on the end face of the outer ring. The other bearing assembly 2 is a deep groove ball bearing.

[0057] The cylindrical roller bearing consists of an inner ring, cylindrical rollers, and an outer ring. The inner ring and gear shaft 3 are fitted with an interference fit to ensure a tight fit between the inner ring and the shaft under high-speed rotation. The two ends of the cylindrical rollers contact the outer wall of the inner ring and the inner wall of the outer ring, respectively, to bear radial and axial loads. A first mounting groove is specially designed on the end face of the outer ring for mounting the elastic component 1 (such as a rubber damping structure). The shape of the first mounting groove must match the arc-shaped structure of the elastic component to ensure its stability within the groove. When the reducer generates axial force during operation, the elastic component contacts the reducer housing or adjusting ring, generating friction. This effectively prevents the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing from creeping under axial force, thus protecting the reducer housing from wear.

[0058] Another bearing assembly, 2, employs a deep groove ball bearing. The deep groove ball bearing is designed to work in conjunction with cylindrical roller bearings, enhancing the stability and adaptability of the entire reducer structure. An elastic component 1 is designed on the end face of the deep groove ball bearing. Its structure is similar to the elastic component of the cylindrical roller bearing, also featuring an arc-shaped structure, to provide additional friction and prevent bearing creep. The deep groove ball bearing and cylindrical roller bearing are respectively positioned at both ends of the reducer shaft to ensure anti-creep effect under any torque direction. The bearing cover plate is bolted to the housing, and the damping material on the cover plate provides reverse friction even without direct axial force.

[0059] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a reducer, which is the reducer described above. Under conditions of high speed and high torque, this reducer can effectively prevent housing or shaft wear caused by creep of the outer ring of the bearing assembly. The technical principle lies in utilizing a first mounting groove provided on the end face of the bearing assembly 2, in which an elastic component 1 is placed, so that it contacts the reducer housing 6 under axial force, generating necessary frictional resistance, thereby suppressing creep of the bearing outer ring. The material properties of the elastic component 1 determine that it can provide stable and adjustable frictional force when in contact with the housing. This frictional force increases with the increase of axial force, thus effectively reducing creep under different operating conditions. Furthermore, by providing the same structure on the other side of the bearing assembly, this technical solution can address creep problems under both positive and negative torques, reducing the risk of housing wear, reducing assembly difficulties and the risk of failure due to interference with the housing oil passages, while maintaining the original assembly method of the reducer assembly, not damaging the core bearing structure, not affecting bearing reliability, improving assembly flexibility and feasibility of implementation, and effectively enhancing the overall performance and stability of the reducer.

[0060] According to another aspect of the invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, a method for quality inspection of bearing assemblies within a reducer is provided. The inspection method inspects the aforementioned reducer and includes:

[0061] Step S102: Obtain image information of the inside of the reducer housing;

[0062] First, such as Figure 5 As shown, ensure the detection device (such as an automatic vision analysis device) is in working order. Components such as the light source, camera, and industrial control computer must be calibrated and initialized to ensure the clarity and accuracy of image acquisition. Illuminate the inside of the reducer housing, especially the area containing the elastic components, and use the camera to capture internal images. During image acquisition, ensure complete coverage of the field of view of all elastic components, including the elastic components on the bearing end face and the second elastic element on the bearing cover plate, for subsequent analysis. To obtain more comprehensive information about the elastic components, images can be acquired from multiple angles, including front, side, and top views, ensuring all key features of the elastic components are visible. The acquired image information should be promptly transmitted to the industrial control computer to prepare for the next step of data processing.

[0063] Step S104: Use an image processing algorithm to process the image information to obtain the parameter information of the elastic component, wherein the parameter information includes the number of elastic components and the height information of the elastic components.

[0064] First, the original image is preprocessed, including noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and edge detection, to improve the accuracy of subsequent recognition algorithms. Image processing algorithms (such as machine learning or deep learning algorithms) are then used to extract features of the elastic components from the preprocessed image, including their shape, contour, and location information. Based on the extracted features, the quantity and height information of the elastic components are calculated. The quantity information is obtained by comparing the number of elastic components in the recognition image with a preset value, while the height information is obtained by analyzing the height of the protruding parts of the elastic components relative to the bearing end face or cover plate assembly.

[0065] Step S106: Based on the parameter information, determine whether the elastic component meets the installation standards and generate a judgment result. The judgment result is used to determine whether the quality of the bearing assembly meets the standards.

[0066] Based on steps S102 to S106, by acquiring image information of the bearing assembly and processing it, the quantity and height information of the damping material within the bearing assembly are obtained. This allows for rapid and accurate determination of whether the bearing assembly meets installation standards, effectively ensuring quality control during assembly. This method not only avoids bearing performance problems caused by improper damping material assembly but also stores quality data and images, providing strong support for subsequent quality traceability and product improvement. The technical benefits are reflected in improved detection efficiency and accuracy, reduced rework and scrap rates due to quality issues, thereby lowering production costs and improving the overall reliability and production efficiency of the bearing assembly.

[0067] Specifically, image processing algorithms are used to process image information to obtain parameter information of the damping material inside the bearing assembly, including: based on the difference in light reflectivity between the elastic component and the bearing assembly, the distribution position of the elastic component on the outer ring of the bearing is detected by image processing algorithms to obtain the quantity and height information of the elastic component.

[0068] The outer ring materials of elastic components (such as rubber) and bearing components (usually metal) differ significantly in their physical properties, especially in their light reflection characteristics. Metal outer rings have high reflectivity, while rubber elastic components absorb more light and have low reflectivity.

[0069] During the inspection, a high-brightness, uniform light source was used to illuminate the inside of the reducer housing, especially the area where the bearing assembly is located, to ensure that the image of the elastic component could be clearly captured. A high-resolution industrial camera was used for image acquisition to ensure that even small details could be distinguished between the elastic component and the outer ring of the bearing.

[0070] First, image processing algorithms are used to separate the background of the acquired image, removing irrelevant parts such as the housing and gear shaft, focusing on the bearing assembly area to improve the accuracy of subsequent elastic component detection. Based on the reflection difference between the elastic component and the bearing outer ring, grayscale analysis is performed on the image to identify areas with low reflectivity, which are likely the distribution locations of the elastic components. Further processing of the grayscale image extracts features of the elastic components, such as edge contours, shape, and size. This step may include morphological operations and edge detection algorithms. Finally, based on the extracted features, the quantity and height information of the elastic components are calculated. The quantity information is obtained by identifying and counting the number of low-reflectivity areas in the image, while the height information is estimated by analyzing the distance between the protruding part of the elastic component and the end face of the bearing outer ring.

[0071] Specifically, based on parameter information, it is determined whether the elastic components meet the installation standards, and the judgment results are generated as follows: if it is determined that the number of elastic components meets the preset number, a first judgment result is generated, which indicates that no elastic components are missing; if it is determined that the measured height of the elastic components meets the preset height, a second judgment result is generated, which indicates that the elastic components are installed in place.

[0072] The number of elastic components obtained from the image processing algorithm is compared with a preset standard number. If the number of elastic components equals the preset number, it means that all the elastic components that should be installed have been correctly assembled on the outer ring of the bearing, thus generating the first judgment result of "no elastic component missing". This judgment logic ensures that there is no missing elastic material in the bearing assembly, avoiding functional failure and housing wear caused by omissions.

[0073] Based on the height information of the elastic component obtained from the image processing algorithm, it is determined whether it meets the preset protrusion height standard. If the measured height of the elastic component falls within the tolerance range of the preset height, it means that the elastic component is not only not missing, but also properly installed, thus generating a second judgment result of "elastic component installed in place". This result ensures that the elastic component can correctly contact the reducer housing or adjusting ring, generating sufficient and stable frictional force, effectively preventing bearing creep.

[0074] In one embodiment, the reducer inspection station is equipped with an automatic vision analysis device with a high-brightness LED light source, an industrial-grade high-definition camera, and a dedicated industrial control computer. The reducer housing is fixed on the inspection table, with the bearing assembly facing the camera to ensure that a complete image of the elastic component can be captured. Assuming a preset number of elastic components is four, image analysis confirms whether four independent elastic components exist. First judgment result: If the image analysis shows that four elastic components do exist, a first judgment result of "no missing elastic components" is generated. The standard for the protrusion height of the elastic components is set to 0.02mm~0.05mm, and the height of each elastic component is checked to see if it meets this standard. If the height of all elastic components exceeding the bearing end face is between 0.02mm and 0.05mm, a second judgment result of "elastic components installed in place" is generated. For bearing assemblies that pass the above judgment, the system records them as qualified products, allowing them to continue circulating on the production line to complete the entire assembly process.

[0075] If the quantity or height of any elastic component does not meet the standard, it will be marked as a non-conforming product, and an alarm mechanism will be triggered to prompt staff to inspect and replace it.

[0076] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0077] This application utilizes the axial force generated by the gear shaft itself, based on the operating mechanism of the reducer housing, to counteract the creep effect of the bearing outer ring by setting an elastic component on the bearing end face. Furthermore, the addition of damping material to the bearing end face relative to the outer diameter does not damage the core structure of the bearing and does not affect its reliability. Based on this principle, the damping material can be extended to the bearing cover plate or adjusting ring to achieve the same function. A ball + column arrangement scheme is proposed to reduce housing wear under all operating conditions, making assembly more flexible and feasible, facilitating the implementation and promotion of the solution. Additionally, a visual inspection method can effectively detect the bearing's factory quality.

[0078] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0079] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0081] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A speed reducer, characterized in that, include: The reducer housing (6) has an internal cavity; A gear shaft (3) is located within the receiving cavity. Bearing assemblies (2) are provided at both ends of the gear shaft (3). The gear shaft (3) is connected to the reducer housing (6) via the bearing assemblies (2). The bearing assemblies (2) and the gear shaft (3) are configured with an interference fit. The bearing assembly (2) has a first mounting groove on its end face; The elastic component (1) is located in the first mounting groove, and a portion of the elastic component (1) protrudes from the first mounting groove. The elastic component (1) is in contact with the reducer housing (6).

2. The reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reducer also includes: The bearing cover assembly (5) is located in the receiving cavity. At least a portion of the bearing cover assembly (5) is located on the side of the bearing assembly (2) near the gear shaft (3). The elastic component (1) is in contact with the side of the bearing cover assembly (5) near the bearing assembly (2). The bearing cover assembly (5) is connected to the reducer housing (6) by bolts (4). The bearing cover assembly (5) is located on the outside of the gear shaft (3). The bearing cover assembly (5) and the gear shaft (3) are arranged with a certain gap.

3. The reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing cover assembly (5) includes: The cover plate body (51) has a second mounting groove (52) on the side facing the bearing assembly (2). The second elastic element (53) is located in the second mounting groove (52), and a portion of the second elastic element (53) protrudes from the second mounting groove (52). The second elastic element (53) is in contact with the end face of the bearing assembly (2).

4. The reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the elastic component (1) and the second elastic element (53) are made of damping material.

5. The reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the elastic component (1) and the second elastic element (53) are designed with an arc-shaped structure.

6. The reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the bearing assemblies (2) is a cylindrical roller bearing. The bearing assembly (2) includes an inner ring, a cylindrical roller and an outer ring along the radial direction of the gear shaft (3) from the inside to the outside. The two ends of the cylindrical roller are in contact with the outer wall surface of the inner ring and the inner wall surface of the outer ring, respectively. The first mounting groove is located on the end face of the outer ring. The other bearing assembly (2) is a deep groove ball bearing.

7. A vehicle, comprising a speed reducer, characterized in that, The speed reducer is the speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for quality inspection of bearing assemblies inside a reducer, characterized in that, The detection method for detecting the reducer as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes: Acquire image information of the inside of the reducer housing; The image information is processed using an image processing algorithm to obtain parameter information of the elastic component, wherein the parameter information includes the number of elastic components and the height of the elastic components; Based on the parameter information, it is determined whether the elastic component meets the installation standards, and a judgment result is generated. The judgment result is used to determine whether the quality of the bearing assembly meets the standards.

9. The quality inspection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The image information is processed using an image processing algorithm to obtain the parameter information of the internal damping material of the bearing assembly, including: Based on the difference in light reflectivity between the elastic component and the bearing assembly, the distribution position of the elastic component on the outer ring of the bearing is detected by an image processing algorithm, thereby obtaining the quantity and height information of the elastic component.

10. The quality inspection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the parameter information, it is determined whether the elastic component meets the installation standards, and the determination result is generated including: If it is determined that the number of elastic components meets the preset number, a first judgment result is generated, and the first judgment result is that no elastic component is missing. If the measured height of the elastic component meets the preset height, a second judgment result is generated, and the second judgment result is that the elastic component is installed in place.

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