Solid neutron source device with potential diversion and magnetic field screening functions and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid neutron source device with potential diversion and magnetic field screening functions and a control method. The device comprises an ion generation structure, a potential diversion structure, a magnetic field screening structure, a neutron target and an insulating shell, the ion generation structure generates mixed ions under the action of the outside, the mixed ions form regular beams under the action of the potential diversion structure and enter the magnetic field screening structure, and due to the fact that different ions show different motion characteristics in a magnetic field, screening is carried out through an insulation pole plate with long rectangular holes. And finally, ion receiving and neutron excitation are completed under the action of strong potential carried by the neutron target. According to the invention, the loss caused by ion generation is effectively controlled through a potential diversion structure, and the utilization efficiency of ions and the neutron yield are improved by adopting a control method that the potential is continuously adjustable. Meanwhile, through a magnetic field screening structure, effective separation and screening of mixed ions are achieved, a control method with a continuously adjustable magnetic field is adopted, the screening range is wide, and the service life of a neutron source is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a solid neutron source device with electric potential current guiding and magnetic field screening functions and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] A deuterium-deuterium or deuterium-tritium neutron source is a device for obtaining neutrons required for production or life by bombarding a target with high-energy charged ions. The neutron source usually includes an ion source, an extraction electrode, an acceleration electrode and a neutron target, which correspond to the functions of high-energy ion acquisition, current guiding, acceleration and neutron generation, respectively. In occasions with portability requirements, the neutron source is usually integrated into a small neutron tube for easy carrying and installation, and is widely used in safety inspection, isotope acquisition, oil well logging and nuclear engineering fields. The neutron source is usually divided into a gas neutron source and a solid neutron source. The difference between the two lies in that the gas neutron source usually uses deuterium gas as a discharge medium to realize discharge breakdown and high-energy ion acquisition in cooperation with a solid metal electrode; and the solid neutron source usually uses a gas storage metal material, which releases deuterium gas under the action of external high energy to realize deuterium ion acquisition and subsequent discharge.

[0003] In the patent document with the publication number 106507576A, an ion filtering device and method of a metal hydride ion source and a neutron generator are disclosed. The patent uses double-layer grid nets with staggered extraction holes to filter ions, and uses the difference in mass-to-charge ratio and kinetic energy between vacuum arc plasma metal ions and D ions to filter heavy ions. The structure is simple and the effect is good; but the grid net structure is fixed and does not have the adjustment function for other types of ions, so the application range is narrow.

[0004] In the patent document with the publication number 119485888A, a microwave ion source high-yield long-life neutron tube and a use method are disclosed. The patent uses a neutron tube with a microwave ion source in a static vacuum. Deuterium (D) ions are generated in the discharge chamber, and the deuterium ions are extracted and accelerated by the extraction electrode and the acceleration electrode to hit the target to generate neutrons. The maintenance is convenient and the service life is long; but this method lacks a directional current guiding mechanism, and the ion free diffusion range is large, which easily causes the loss of initial ion yield. At the same time, there is a lack of screening structure for heavy ions, which easily causes the loss of neutron source life.

[0005] Therefore, the current neutron generator device has problems of missing ion conduction and mass screening and difficulty in adjusting the screening range, and the ion conduction and ion species screening structure need to be designed on the basis of the existing device and the adjusting function is given, so as to reduce the initial yield loss of ions, reduce the harm of secondary electrons, screen out impurity ions, increase the adjustable ion species range and neutron yield, and reduce the neutron source life loss. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the current technical problems, the application provides a solid neutron source device with electric potential conduction and magnetic field screening function and a control method, which uses a conduction electrode with electric potential to guide the movement of charged ions, and uses a method of generating a magnetic field by energizing a magnetic coil to separate ions of different masses and an extreme plate to screen out the impurity ions, effectively improving the utilization rate of deuterium ions, increasing the adjustable ion species range and neutron yield, and prolonging the life of the neutron source.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is: A solid neutron source device with electric potential conduction and magnetic field screening function, characterized in that the neutron source device comprises an ion generation structure, an electric potential conduction structure, a magnetic field screening structure, a neutron target and an insulating shell, wherein, The ion generation structure comprises a rectangular discharge material and an insulating rectangular column, which is used to generate a specific type of plasma required for production or experiment; The electric potential conduction structure comprises a quarter-cylinder structure repulsion electrode with positive voltage, a vertical insulating plate and a horizontal parallel electrode with positive voltage, which is used to constrain the specific type of plasma generated by the rectangular discharge material, reduce free diffusion, improve the utilization efficiency of ions, and form a regular beam into a rectangular metal cylinder in the magnetic field screening structure; The magnetic field screening structure comprises the rectangular metal cylinder, the energized magnetic coil, the long rectangular hole and the open hole insulating plate, which is used to separate the mixed plasma beam, screen out the impurity ions identified in production or experiment, and converge the required ions, reducing the damage that the neutron target may suffer; The neutron target comprises a T-shaped metal electrode with strong negative voltage, which is used to receive the screened plasma beam, generate fusion reaction and produce neutrons; The insulating shell is a rectangular cylindrical insulating material shell, which is used to fix the ion generation structure, the electric potential conduction structure, the magnetic field screening structure and the neutron target, and make each structure relatively independent.

[0008] Further, the rectangular discharge material is a gas storage metal such as titanium deuteride (TiD2), zirconium deuteride (ZrD2), and palladium-platinum alloy required for production or experiments, which is placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating rectangular column by coating or plating, etc., and is used to generate the required plasma in the discharge. The upper and lower surfaces of the insulating rectangular column are the two largest planes of the insulating rectangular column. The ion generation structure is installed according to the neutron source axis.

[0009] Further, the positive voltage quarter-cylinder structure repelling electrode is symmetrically installed with respect to the ion generation structure, used to repel positive ions and attract electrons generated by the discharge, reduce the loss of free diffusion of positive ions, and reduce the risk of secondary electron generation. The voltage of the positive voltage quarter-cylinder structure repelling electrode is 4V to 6V. The vertical insulating plate is symmetrically installed according to the neutron source axis, the positive voltage horizontal parallel electrode is parallel to the ion generation structure, and is connected to the vertical insulating plate through an insulating buckle, used to guide the diffusion of ions to converge into the regular beam and enter the magnetic field screening structure, and control the diffusion angle of the beam ions within 3° to 5°, so as to avoid that the large diffusion angle causes the beam ions to collide with the energized magnetic coil and the rectangular metal cylinder. The voltage of the positive voltage horizontal parallel electrode is 1.5V to 3.5V.

[0010] Further, the energized magnetic coil is tightly wound around the outside of the rectangular metal cylinder to provide a uniform spatial magnetic field, and charged particles of different masses will move in helical lines with different radii and pitches under the action of the same magnetic field, thereby separating the mixed plasma. The rectangular metal cylinder is grounded to avoid the influence of the strong negative voltage of the neutron target on the movement of charged ions inside the energized magnetic coil and the positive voltage horizontal parallel electrode. The open hole insulating plate with the long rectangular hole is used to physically intercept and screen the separated ion beam, the length of the long rectangular hole is 1 to 1.25 times the length of the rectangular discharge material, and the width of the long rectangular hole is 2 to 2.5 times the radius of the deuterium ion movement.

[0011] Further, the flat head rectangular part of the T-shaped metal electrode with a strong negative voltage of the neutron target is parallel to the open hole insulating plate with the long rectangular hole. The screened charged ions are attracted by the strong negative voltage after passing through the long rectangular hole, accelerated and then hit the neutron target to produce high-energy neutrons through fusion reaction. Due to the strong penetration of neutrons, no other extraction structure is required, and neutrons can pass through the neutron source structure to be received and utilized by other devices outside. The strong negative voltage of the neutron target is -120kV to -80kV. The material of the open hole insulating plate can be selected from insulating ceramic, quartz glass, etc. Furthermore, the insulating outer shell is a rectangular cylindrical thin-walled insulating material used to fix the insulating rectangular support column, the positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode, the vertical insulating plate, the magnetic field screening structure, and the neutron target. The aforementioned structures are connected sequentially in the stated order, forming a closed neutron source assembly with the insulating outer shell. The insulating outer shell and the vertical insulating plate can be made of insulating ceramic, quartz glass, etc. The insulating rectangular support column is welded to the insulating outer shell; the positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode and the vertical insulating plate are clamped to the insulating outer shell using rubber rings; the magnetic field screening structure and the neutron target are mechanically fixed to the insulating outer shell using clamping devices.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a solid-state neutron source control method with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, characterized in that the neutron source control method includes a potential conduction method and a magnetic field filtering method, wherein, The potential conduction method involves a quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode with positive voltage, a vertical insulating plate, and a horizontal parallel electrode with positive voltage, used to confine a specific type of plasma generated by the rectangular discharge material, control the beam ion diffusion angle within 3° to 5°, and form the regular beam. The magnetic field screening method involves the electromagnetic coil, the rectangular metal cylinder, the perforated insulating plate, and the elongated rectangular hole, used to separate the regular beam, screen out the impurity ions identified in production or experimentation, and gather the desired ions to reduce potential damage to the neutron target.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a solid-state neutron source control method with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, characterized in that, using the above-mentioned solid-state neutron source device, the specific control steps of the potential conduction and magnetic field filtering method are as follows: External high-energy injection acts on the rectangular discharge material to generate a specific type of plasma; The equipment detects whether the plasma discharge current is stable and within the operating value. If it does not meet the requirements, the initial discharge settings are adjusted until the requirements are met. The neutron target is subjected to a low negative voltage of -3kV to -1kV to guide ion movement; The voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode is continuously adjusted from 4V to 6V. The horizontal parallel electrode voltage of the positive voltage is continuously adjusted from 1.5V to 3.5V; The horizontal parallel electrode voltage of the positive voltage is always kept lower than the quarter-cylindrical repulsion electrode voltage of the positive voltage; A specific-shaped electric field gradient is formed, with the direction of the quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode of the positive voltage towards the horizontal parallel electrode of the positive voltage; The electric field gradient facilitates ion conduction, which is then received by the neutron target. The equipment detects whether the ion density and distribution on the neutron target surface meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode and the voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode of the positive voltage are adjusted until the requirements are met. The magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil is continuously adjusted. A uniform magnetic field of a specific size is formed inside the rectangular metal cylinder; Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in helical motions with different radii; Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in helical motions with different pitches; The mixed regular beams achieve effective ion separation; The perforated insulating plate with the elongated rectangular hole physically intercepts and filters the regular beam after ion separation; Physical interception screening will exclude the impurity ions; The equipment detects whether the required ion density and distribution on the surface of the neutron target meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the current in the electromagnetic coil is continuously adjusted until the requirements are met. The neutron target voltage is gradually adjusted from -3kV to -1kV to -120kV to -80kV to provide ion kinetic energy; The desired ions are attracted by a high negative voltage and collide with the neutron target, thus completing neutron excitation.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The device provided by the present invention uses a current-conducting electrode with a positive potential, which effectively reduces the loss of ion yield caused by the free diffusion of charged ions in the early stage of discharge and increases the neutron yield; attracts free electrons generated by discharge, reducing the probability of secondary electrons; and regularizes the generated ions before they enter the ion screening structure, while homogenizing the plasma beam and avoiding the loss of neutron source structure due to excessive ion concentration. 2. The device provided by the present invention uses an energized solenoid to provide a uniform magnetic field, and utilizes the characteristic that ions of different masses move in helical motion with different radii and pitches in the same magnetic field to achieve ion separation; it uses an open-hole insulating plate with a long rectangular hole to physically intercept and screen the impurity ions whose moving diameter is larger than the width of the long rectangular hole, which further increases the proportion of the required ions in the ion beam and helps to extend the service life of the neutron source. 3. The device provided by the present invention uses solid gas storage metal as the discharge electrode, the neutron source has a sealed overall structure, no attached gas source equipment, and is compact and easy to carry, which can adapt to more occasions. 4. The control method provided by the present invention adopts a continuously adjustable current-conducting potential. By adjusting the magnitude of the potential, the precise current-conducting of mixed ions of different components is achieved, which expands the applicable range of solid neutron source discharge materials, reduces ion yield loss, reduces the probability of secondary electron appearance, and increases neutron yield. 5. The control method provided by this invention uses a continuously adjustable screening magnetic field. By adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil, the magnitude of the uniform magnetic field is changed, causing ions of different masses to move in helical motions with different radii and pitches, thereby achieving effective separation of mixed ions. Combined with a long rectangular hole of a specific size on the perforated insulating plate, physical interception and screening of impurities are achieved, which increases the neutron yield and extends the neutron source lifetime. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions; Figure 2 A flowchart of a solid neutron source control method with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions; The following labels are used in the diagram: 1. Insulating shell; 2. Insulating rectangular liner; 3. Positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode; 4. Rectangular discharge material; 5. Regular beam; 6. Vertical insulating plate; 7. Positive voltage horizontal parallel electrode; 8. Electromagnetic coil; 9. Rectangular metal cylinder; 10. Impurity ion; 11. Required ion; 12. Perforated insulating plate; 13. Long rectangular hole; 14. Neutron target. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. These descriptions are provided to offer more specific details for the embodiments of this disclosure, and one or more embodiments may be implemented without these detailed descriptions. Furthermore, to avoid confusion regarding the concepts of this disclosure, well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description.

[0017] The terminology used in the following description is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The term "comprising," etc., indicates the presence of the described features, steps, operations, or components but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components. The terms "cylinder," "vertical," and "horizontal" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the related content to any specific structure.

[0018] This disclosure provides a solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, wherein... like Figure 1 As shown, a solid-state neutron source device with potential guiding and magnetic field screening functions includes: an insulating shell 1, an insulating rectangular liner 2, a positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode 3, a rectangular discharge material 4, a regular beam 5, a vertical insulating plate 6, a positive voltage horizontal parallel electrode 7, an electromagnetic coil 8, a rectangular metal cylinder 9, impurity ions 10, desired ions 11, an open-pore insulating plate 12, a long rectangular hole 13, and a neutron target 14. This device uses a potential-carrying electrode to guide the charged ions, and utilizes the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 to separate ions of different masses, as well as the physical interception by the open-pore insulating plate 12, to achieve the function of screening out impurity ions 10.

[0019] In this embodiment, the rectangular discharge material 4 generates mixed plasma under the influence of external high energy. Under the influence of the density gradient, it diffuses freely into space. Ions diffusing along the axis or at an acute angle towards the neutron target 14 are repelled and converged by the positive potential of the horizontal parallel electrode 7, and their shape becomes regularized and homogenized under the influence of the positive potential of the horizontal parallel electrode 7. Ions diffusing along the axis at an obtuse angle or in the opposite direction are gradually decelerated under the influence of the potential generated by the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode 3, and their direction changes, diffusing along the axial direction or at an acute angle towards the neutron target 14. They are then converged by the potential, and finally, the two ion beams merge to form a regular beam 5. The regular beam 5, constrained by the potential of the horizontal parallel electrode 7, suppresses the diffusion angle to within 3° to 5° and enters the rectangular metal cylinder 9.

[0020] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic coil 8 is tightly wound around the rectangular metal cylinder 9. Current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 8 from the outside to generate a uniform spatial magnetic field inside the rectangular metal cylinder 9, which is used to achieve effective separation of the mixed plasma. At the same time, the rectangular metal cylinder 9 is grounded to maintain a stable potential environment inside the metal cylinder and avoid the adverse effects of non-uniform potential on ion separation.

[0021] In this embodiment, the mixed plasma beam enters the rectangular metal cylinder 9 through a horizontally parallel electrode 7 with a positive voltage. Charged ions move in a uniform magnetic field parallel to the magnetic field lines, exhibiting helical motion. Their radius of motion is influenced by factors such as ion mass *m*, ion velocity *v*, ion charge *q*, and the magnetic field *B* in the environment. Their pitch is also influenced by these factors. Ions of different masses moving with the same initial kinetic energy will have different velocities; smaller masses have larger velocities, and larger masses have smaller velocities, thus showing differences in radius and pitch. When the ion species are determined, the ion mass *m* and ion charge *q* will be fixed. Generally, the energy difference between ions in the same plasma beam is considered small; therefore, the main factor causing the difference in ion motion depends on the magnetic field *B* in the environment. By adjusting the magnetic field *B*, the radius and pitch of ions of different masses can be quantitatively changed, thereby achieving effective separation of the mixed plasma beam.

[0022] In this embodiment, the perforated insulating plate 12 is connected to the insulating shell 1. The former has an elongated rectangular hole 13, the length of which is 1 to 1.25 times the length of the rectangular discharge material 4, and the width of which is 2 to 2.5 times the radius of motion of the deuterium ions. This allows for the physical interception and screening of impurity ions 10 with larger diameters. At the same time, since the required ion 11 usually has a smaller diameter, the elongated rectangular hole 13, which is slightly larger than this diameter, also serves to reduce the adverse effects that the strong negative potential of the neutron target 14 may have on the separation of moving ions in the uniform magnetic field inside the rectangular metal cylinder 9.

[0023] In this embodiment, the neutron target 14 carries a strong negative potential to provide the kinetic energy required for the fusion reaction of the screened ions after passing through the elongated rectangular aperture 13. Due to their extremely high penetrability, the generated neutrons do not require any other extraction structure and can pass through the neutron source structure to be received and utilized by other external devices.

[0024] This disclosure provides a solid-state neutron source control method with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions. It utilizes a continuously adjustable potential to create a specific-shaped electric field gradient to guide ions, and employs a uniform magnetic field and insulating plates to achieve mixed ion separation and physical interception and sieving. The following specific embodiments, using the aforementioned solid-state neutron source device, will provide detailed control method steps.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a solid neutron source control method with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions. The specific control method steps are as follows: Step 1: High-energy injection from the outside acts on the rectangular discharge material 4 to generate a specific type of plasma; Step 2: The equipment checks whether the plasma discharge current is stable and within the operating value. If it does not meet the requirements, the initial discharge settings are adjusted until the requirements are met. Step 3: A low negative voltage of -3kV to -1kV is applied to neutron target 14 to guide ion movement; Step 4: Continuously adjust the positive voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode 3 from 4V to 6V; Step 5: Continuously adjust the voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode 7 with positive voltage from 1.5V to 3.5V; Step Six: Maintain the voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode 7, which is positive, at least one-quarter the voltage of the cylindrical repulsion electrode 3. Step 7: Create a specific-shaped electric field gradient from the quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode 3 with positive voltage to the horizontal parallel electrode 7 with positive voltage; Step 8: The electric field gradient completes the ion conduction and is received by the neutron target 14; Step 9: The equipment detects whether the ion density and distribution on the surface of the neutron target 14 meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode 3 with positive voltage and the voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode 7 with positive voltage are adjusted until the requirements are met. Step 10: Continuously adjust the current flowing through the solenoid coil 8; Step 11: A uniform magnetic field of a specific size is formed inside the rectangular metal cylinder 9; Step 12: Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in spirals with different radii; Step 13: Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in helical motions with different pitches; Step Fourteen: The mixed regular beam 5 achieves effective ion separation; Step 15: The perforated insulating plate 12 with the elongated rectangular hole 13 physically intercepts and filters the regular beam 5 after ion separation; Step 16: Physical interception screening will eliminate 10 impurity ions; Step 17: The equipment detects whether the required density and distribution of ions 11 on the surface of the neutron target 14 meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the current in the electromagnetic coil 8 is continuously adjusted until the requirements are met. Step 18: Gradually adjust the voltage of neutron target 14 from -3kV to -1kV to -120kV to -80kV to provide ion kinetic energy; Step 19: The desired ion 11 is attracted by a high negative voltage and collides with the neutron target 14, thus completing neutron excitation.

[0026] Preferably, the rectangular discharge material is titanium deuteride (TiD2), which has a high deuterium storage density, a moderate gas release temperature, strong corrosion resistance, and is suitable for long-term use.

[0027] Preferably, the neutron target is subjected to a low negative voltage of -1kV to guide ion movement without causing a fusion reaction to produce neutrons.

[0028] Preferably, the positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode carries a voltage of 5V, which can effectively deflect the reverse diffused ions without causing sharp-angle bending of the ions, thus preventing secondary losses.

[0029] Preferably, the positive voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode is 2.5V, which can effectively guide the charged ions to deflect and enter the magnetic field screening structure.

[0030] Preferably, the length of the long rectangular hole is 1.25 times the length of the rectangular discharge material, which helps to avoid lateral ion loss; the width of the long rectangular hole is 2.2 times the radius of deuterium ion movement, which helps to achieve ion screening smoothly, while reducing the adverse effects caused by the strong negative potential of the neutron target. An excessively large width will lead to a decrease in the ion screening effect.

[0031] Preferably, the neutron target is gradually adjusted with a voltage interval of -10kV to provide preconditions for the fusion reaction.

[0032] Preferably, the strong negative voltage of the neutron target is -100kV, which will provide the kinetic energy required for the neutron source fusion reaction of charged ions.

[0033] Preferably, the insulating shell, the vertical insulating plate, and the perforated insulating plate are made of insulating ceramic, which has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, effectively extending the service life of the neutron source; at the same time, it has excellent insulation performance, avoiding any impact on the initial discharge; and it has low cost and high cost performance.

[0034] Unlike existing technologies, this invention relates to a solid-state neutron source device and control method with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions. By setting up a quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode with positive voltage and a horizontal parallel electrode with positive voltage, the movement path of charged ions is effectively restricted, reducing the initial ion yield loss; the ion beam is homogenized and regularized, effectively increasing the neutron yield; by setting up an electromagnetic coil to provide a uniform magnetic field, the mixed plasma is separated based on the theory that ions of different masses have different motion states in the magnetic field, and then physical interception and screening are achieved by using a long rectangular hole slightly larger than the diameter of the desired ion movement, which greatly increases the percentage of the desired ions in the total number of ions, effectively extending the neutron source's lifespan and increasing the neutron yield; the whole adopts a sealed structure, without subsequent gas source equipment, the structure is compact, easy to carry, and can adapt to more occasions; at the same time, by using the potential conduction method and the magnetic field screening method, the voltage, current and magnetic field inside the structure can be adjusted to achieve customized screening of ions of different masses, optimizing the problem that the current neutron source ion screening function range is generally small.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, characterized in that, The neutron source device includes an ion generation structure, a potential conduction structure, a magnetic field screening structure, a neutron target (14), and an insulating shell (1), wherein, The ion generating structure includes a rectangular discharge material (4) and an insulating rectangular liner (2) for generating specific types of plasma required for production or experimentation; The potential guiding structure includes a quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode (3) with positive voltage, a vertical insulating plate (6) and a horizontal parallel electrode (7) with positive voltage, used to confine the specific type of plasma generated by the rectangular discharge material (4), reduce free diffusion, improve the utilization efficiency of ions, and form a regular beam (5) to enter the rectangular metal cylinder (9) in the magnetic field screening structure. The magnetic field screening structure includes the rectangular metal cylinder (9), the electromagnetic coil (8), the long rectangular hole (13), and the perforated insulating plate (12), which are used to separate the mixed plasma beam, screen out impurity ions (10) identified in production or experiment, and gather the required ions (11) to reduce the damage that the neutron target (14) may suffer. The neutron target (14) includes a T-shaped metal electrode with a strong negative voltage, which is used to receive the filtered plasma beam, undergo fusion reaction and produce neutrons; The insulating shell (1) is a rectangular cylindrical insulating thin shell used to fix the ion generation structure, the potential conduction structure, the magnetic field screening structure and the neutron target (14), and to make each structure relatively independent.

2. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular discharge material (4) is placed on the insulating rectangular liner (2) by means of coating or plating. The rectangular discharge material (4) is a gas storage metal such as titanium deuteride (TiD2), zirconium deuteride (ZrD2) and palladium-platinum alloy required for production or experiment.

3. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical insulating plate (6) is connected to the horizontal parallel electrode (7) with positive voltage via an insulating snap-fit. The horizontal parallel electrode (7) with positive voltage is used to control the beam ion diffusion angle within 3° to 5° to avoid the beam ions from colliding with the electromagnetic coil (8) and the rectangular metal cylinder (9) due to an excessively large angle. The voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode (7) with positive voltage is 1.5V to 3.5V.

4. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electromagnetic coil (8) is wound tightly around the outside of the rectangular metal cylinder (9), which is grounded to prevent the strong negative voltage of the neutron target (14) from affecting the movement of charged ions inside the electromagnetic coil (8) and at the horizontal parallel electrode (7) of the positive voltage. The perforated insulating plate (12) has a long rectangular hole (13), the length of which is 1 to 1.25 times the length of the rectangular discharge material (4), and the width of which is 2 to 2.5 times the radius of deuterium ion movement.

5. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The perforated insulating plate (12) with the elongated rectangular hole (13) is parallel to the flat rectangular portion of the T-shaped metal electrode of the neutron target (14) with a strong negative voltage, facilitating the latter's reception of the filtered plasma beam. The strong negative voltage of the neutron target (14) is -120kV to -80kV. The material of the perforated insulating plate (12) can be insulating ceramic, quartz glass, etc.

6. A solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field screening functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating rectangular bushing (2) is welded and fixed to the insulating shell (1); the positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode (3) and the vertical insulating plate (6) are clamped and fixed to the insulating shell (1) by rubber rings; the magnetic field screening structure and the neutron target (14) are mechanically fixed to the insulating shell (1) by clamping devices. The insulating shell (1) and the vertical insulating plate (6) can be made of insulating ceramics, quartz glass, etc. The voltage of the positive voltage quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode (3) is between 4V and 6V.

7. A method for controlling a solid-state neutron source with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, characterized in that, The neutron source control method includes a potential conduction method and a magnetic field screening method, wherein... The potential conduction method involves a quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode (3) of the positive voltage, the vertical insulating plate (6) and the horizontal parallel electrode (7) of the positive voltage, for confining a specific type of plasma generated by the rectangular discharge material (4), controlling the beam ion diffusion angle within 3° to 5°, and forming the regular beam (5). The magnetic field screening method involves the electromagnetic coil (8), the rectangular metal cylinder (9), the perforated insulating plate (12), and the long rectangular hole (13) for separating the regular beam (5), screening out the impurity ions (10) identified in production or experiment, and gathering the desired ions (11) to reduce the damage that the neutron target (14) may suffer.

8. A method for controlling a solid-state neutron source with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions, employing a solid-state neutron source device with potential conduction and magnetic field filtering functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific control steps of the potential conduction and magnetic field screening method are as follows: External high-energy injection acts on the rectangular discharge material (4) to generate a specific type of plasma; The equipment detects whether the plasma discharge current is stable and within the operating value. If it does not meet the requirements, the initial discharge settings are adjusted until the requirements are met. The neutron target (14) is subjected to a low negative voltage of -3kV to -1kV to guide ion movement; The voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode (3) with the positive voltage continuously adjusted is between 4V and 6V; The voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode (7) with the positive voltage is continuously adjusted from 1.5V to 3.5V; The voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode (7) that maintains the positive voltage is always lower than the voltage of the quarter-cylindrical repulsion electrode (3) that maintains the positive voltage; A specific-shaped electric field gradient is formed, with the direction of the quarter-cylindrical repulsive electrode (3) of the positive voltage towards the horizontal parallel electrode (7) of the positive voltage; The electric field gradient completes the ion conduction and is received by the neutron target (14); The equipment detects whether the ion density and distribution on the surface of the neutron target (14) meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the voltage of the quarter-cylinder repulsion electrode (3) and the voltage of the horizontal parallel electrode (7) of the positive voltage are adjusted until the requirements are met. The magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil (8) is continuously adjusted; A uniform magnetic field of a specific size is formed inside the rectangular metal cylinder (9); Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in spirals with different radii; Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, ions of different masses move in helical motions with different pitches; The mixed regular beam (5) achieves effective ion separation; The perforated insulating plate (12) with the long rectangular hole (13) physically intercepts and filters the regular beam (5) after ion separation; Physical interception screening will exclude the impurity ions (10); The device detects whether the required ion (11) density and distribution on the surface of the neutron target (14) meet the requirements. If the requirements are not met, the current in the electromagnetic coil (8) is continuously adjusted until the requirements are met. The voltage of the neutron target (14) is gradually adjusted from -3kV to -1kV to -120kV to -80kV to provide ion kinetic energy; The desired ion (11) is attracted by a high negative voltage and collides with the neutron target (14), thus completing neutron excitation.

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