Magnetoelectric dipole antenna with coaxial feed communication bandwidth greater than 100%

Abstract

According to the magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the coaxial feed communication bandwidth is larger than 100%, and the technical problems that broadband impedance matching and high-frequency mismatching are achieved, and the stability of a feed structure is poor are solved. According to the antenna, a meandering seam bending type electric dipole and a stepped flaring type magnetic dipole are cooperatively matched, and a feed structure and a U-shaped reflector are combined to integrally form the magnetoelectric dipole antenna. A meandering seam is etched on a horizontal rectangular patch, a vertical patch is welded on the outer side of the horizontal rectangular patch to form a three-dimensional radiator, and the three-dimensional radiator and a stepped flaring type cavity structure magnetic dipole form a closed structure. The feed structure comprises a coaxial line and two bent copper sheets, thereby realizing direct current grounding and providing mechanical reinforcement. 3.7 GHz and 4.2 GHz resonance points are introduced to realize 104.8% of relative bandwidth, while the compact structure is maintained, the broadband coverage and stable radiation characteristics are realized, the long-term reliability in an outdoor complex environment is ensured by a stable feed structure, part of 5G communication signals in a Sub-6G frequency band can be effectively covered, and the antenna is suitable for various wireless communication systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of communication technology and mainly relates to a single-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna, specifically a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%. Through the innovative synergistic design of a curved-slot bent electric dipole and a stepped-flange magnetic dipole, this invention can effectively cover a portion of 5G communication signals within the Sub-6G frequency band and is suitable for various wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, the requirements for wireless communication systems are becoming increasingly stringent, and the capacity pressure on communication channels is also increasing. Antennas, as the front end of communication systems and key components for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, are rapidly evolving to meet application demands. Traditional microstrip antennas, due to their narrow bandwidth, are difficult to adapt to modern communication systems, leading to an increasingly urgent need for high-performance broadband antennas. Magnetoelectric dipole antennas, as a typical broadband antenna, have been extensively studied due to their high performance characteristics, including wide bandwidth, high gain, stable radiation, and low cross-polarization. With the growing demand for unidirectional antennas with wide bandwidth, a series of improved broadband magnetoelectric dipole antennas have been developed in recent years.

[0003] Lei Chang, Jian-Qiang Zhang, Ling-Lu Chen, Bao-Ming Li, and others proposed a broadband monopole magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on an improved metallic cavity structure in their paper "Bandwidth-Enhanced Cavity-Backed Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna" (IEEE Access, 2018). The antenna consists of a rectangular parasitic element, an improved metallic cavity, a butterfly dipole with a bent structure, and a coaxial balun feed structure. By introducing a rectangular parasitic element and an improved cavity with two pairs of vertical metal plates at different heights, the antenna achieves enhanced impedance and gain bandwidth. Furthermore, by exciting magnetic dipole modes at different frequency bands, the antenna achieves 88% relative bandwidth in the 1.38–3.55 GHz range, while maintaining high forward gain and stable unidirectional radiation characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band. However, the antenna still has shortcomings. Although the bandwidth and radiation performance have been significantly expanded through structural optimization, the overall size of the antenna is too large. It still has certain height limitations in the low frequency band, which is not conducive to some integrated application scenarios with more stringent requirements for profile height. In addition, the introduction of the radiating patch suspended above the antenna makes the structure too complicated and increases the difficulty of processing and debugging.

[0004] In their paper "Awideband magnetoelectric dipole antenna for 4G / 5G communication" (Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2023), Mengli Zhou, Yanhong Xu, Anyi Wang, Jianqiang Hou, and others proposed a broadband monopole magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on metal ring loading. The antenna consists of an electric dipole composed of four square patches, two pairs of metal rings with different radii, four corner metal cylinders, a Γ-shaped probe feeding structure, and a box-shaped reflector. By loading two pairs of metal rings on both sides of the planar electric dipole, the antenna introduces two new resonant points at low and high frequencies, significantly increasing the impedance bandwidth from 48.3% to 86.8% (1.465–3.71 GHz), and achieving a gain of 7.42–12.8 dBi and a stable unidirectional radiation pattern. However, the antenna still has shortcomings. Although the bandwidth is greatly expanded and a high gain is maintained by loading a ring structure, the introduced multi-ring structure and box reflector still increase the overall size and structural complexity of the antenna to some extent. This may not be ideal for highly integrated miniaturized communication devices, and the gain fluctuation is more obvious in the low-frequency band, affecting the overall stability of the gain.

[0005] While the methods described above can extend bandwidth, they still have some limitations in practical design. Firstly, some antennas have limited bandwidth coverage, covering fewer communication frequency bands, and some antennas suffer from imperfect impedance matching in certain frequency bands when extending bandwidth, making it difficult to meet the multi-band transmission requirements of modern communication systems. Secondly, antenna structures become larger and more complex, affecting the stability of the feeding structure. This structural complexity makes antennas less adaptable to extreme weather conditions, increasing design complexity and manufacturing costs, and placing higher demands on the antenna's operating environment. More importantly, achieving good impedance matching and radiation performance across a wide bandwidth becomes more difficult, posing a significant challenge to antenna design and optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by proposing a magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a coaxial feed communication bandwidth greater than 100% through the introduction of a multi-resonant point structure design to expand the operating bandwidth, optimize impedance matching characteristics, and adopt an integrated coaxial feed structure to ensure radiation pattern stability.

[0007] This invention relates to a magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a coaxial feed communication bandwidth greater than 100%, comprising a magnetic dipole, an electric dipole, a feed structure, and a U-shaped reflector. The magnetic dipole is a vertically placed metal cavity structure at the bottom. A horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole is located at the upper end of the magnetic dipole, serving as the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity structure. The feed structure is installed at the center of the entire antenna. The U-shaped reflector forms a surrounding structure around the antenna from the bottom, with its opening facing upwards, thus constituting the entire magnetoelectric dipole antenna. The invention is characterized in that the electric dipole is a curved-slot bent electric dipole, wherein the curved-slot bent electric dipole has a non-closed semi-circular opening etched symmetrically towards the center of the antenna in the edge region of the horizontal rectangular patch. The surrounding groove is surrounded by a horizontal rectangular patch at the bottom of the groove, which is cut off to form an open center. The groove seams on both sides of the groove form tortuous seams. The uncut portion outside the horizontal patch is vertically welded with small rectangular patches of the same size to form a bent structure of an electric dipole. The whole structure is made of metal plate material. The magnetic dipole is a stepped flared magnetic dipole with a stepped columnar cavity structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The side view shows an inverted "L" shape structure. The whole structure is made of metal plate material. The feeding structure includes a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper sheets of different lengths. The longer bent rectangular copper sheet is connected to the upper surface of the exposed inner conductor at the upper end of the coaxial line, and the shorter bent rectangular copper sheet is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line, forming a coaxial feeding structure.

[0008] Existing single-polarization magnetoelectric dipole antennas have narrow bandwidth and limited coverage of communication frequency bands. Furthermore, they are prone to sacrificing inherent advantages such as gain and low cross-polarization during bandwidth expansion, as well as having poor feeding structure stability and being unable to adapt to complex and extreme environments.

[0009] This invention solves the technical problems of broadband impedance matching and high-frequency mismatch, the technical problems of balancing compact antenna structure with low-frequency performance, and the engineering application problems of poor feed structure stability, environmental adaptability and complex assembly.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0011] By introducing an additional resonant mode, an antenna operating bandwidth of over 100% was achieved: Through the synergistic structural design of a curved-slot bent electric dipole and a stepped-flared magnetic dipole, a new resonant point at 4.2GHz was introduced by changing the current transmission path through a horizontally patched curved-slot on the electric dipole; simultaneously, the stepped-flared magnetic dipole generated a new resonant point at 3.7GHz by optimizing the electromagnetic field distribution within the cavity; the two new resonant points superimposed and merged with the antenna's original fundamental frequency band, resulting in a relative bandwidth of 104% under their synergistic effect, significantly expanding the relative bandwidth and thus achieving effective coverage of some 5G signals within the Sub-6GHz band, solving the problem of narrow bandwidth in existing antennas.

[0012] The coaxial feeding structure boasts strong stability and possesses the key advantage of DC grounding: Firstly, the inherent characteristics of the coaxial structure enable DC grounding, preventing the impact of static electricity accumulation and clutter interference on antenna performance. Secondly, the rigid welding connection between the coaxial line and the long and short bent rectangular copper sheets significantly enhances the overall structural strength and reduces the risk of deformation. This effectively withstands the effects of severe external weather conditions such as strong winds, heavy rain, and low temperatures, ensuring continuous and stable antenna operation. This solves the problems of existing antennas lacking DC grounding functionality and having poor adaptability to outdoor environments.

[0013] Extending bandwidth while maintaining a compact antenna structure: Existing technologies often require the addition of parasitic units, multilayer dielectric substrates, or complex matching networks to achieve bandwidth extension, resulting in a more complex overall antenna structure and significantly increasing the difficulty of design and manufacturing. However, this invention does not change the core coupling mode of the magnetoelectric dipole, which is "horizontal patch-cavity". It only fine-tunes the antenna structure by etching slots and setting steps to achieve the goal of wideband coverage, while ensuring that the overall antenna structure is simple and compact, which greatly reduces the complexity of design, manufacturing, and subsequent maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is the current distribution diagram of the present invention. Figure 5 (a) shows the current distribution at 1.4 GHz. Figure 5 (b) shows the current distribution at 2 GHz. Figure 5 (c) shows the current distribution at 2.8 GHz. Figure 5 (d) shows the current distribution at 4 GHz;

[0019] Figure 6 The reflection coefficient curves for 1GHz-5GHz obtained by this invention are shown.

[0020] Figure 7 The simulation curves of the gain obtained from the optimization of this invention in the 1GHz-5GHz range are shown.

[0021] Figure 8 The simulated radiation pattern obtained by this invention is optimized. Figure 8 (a) shows the radiation pattern at 1.4 GHz. Figure 8 (b) shows the radiation pattern at 2 GHz. Figure 8 (c) shows the radiation pattern at 2.8 GHz. Figure 8 (d) is the radiation pattern at 4 GHz.

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1: As wireless communication systems evolve towards 6G and the Internet of Things (IoT), the demands for channel capacity and data rates continue to rise, posing unprecedented challenges to the bandwidth performance of antennas. Existing antennas, due to their inherently narrow bandwidth and limited frequency band coverage, are prone to impedance mismatch during bandwidth expansion, severely restricting their ability to support multi-mode communication. To address these issues, this invention conducts research and analysis, proposing a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%.

[0024] This invention relates to a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, comprising a magnetic dipole, an electric dipole, a feeding structure, and a U-shaped reflector. The magnetic dipole is a metal cavity structure placed vertically at the bottom, i.e., vertically along the positive z-axis. A horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole is located at the upper end of the magnetic dipole, serving as the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity structure, and is welded to the top edge of the magnetic dipole cavity. The feeding structure is installed at the center of the entire antenna. The U-shaped reflector consists of a large-area metal ground plane at the bottom, on which a stepped groove structure is formed through a precise etching process. From the side view, this groove exhibits a U-shaped outline. The U-shaped reflector forms an enclosing structure around the antenna from the bottom, with the opening facing upwards, thus constituting the entire magnetoelectric dipole antenna. See also: Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention. The electric dipole of the invention is a curved-slot bent electric dipole 1. The curved-slot bent electric dipole has a non-closed semi-enclosed groove 1-1 with an opening facing the center of the antenna symmetrically etched in the edge area of ​​the horizontal rectangular patch. The horizontal rectangular patch at the bottom of the groove is cut off to form an open center. The inner side of the electric dipole is symmetrically connected to the top of the vertically placed magnetic dipole along the longitudinal central axis of the x-axis, forming a planar structure of "open center, grooved periphery". The grooves on both sides of the groove form curved slits, forming a continuous "curved path" - when the current flows on the patch surface, it needs to bypass the open center area and the groove along the edge of the groove, forming a curved transmission path. The uncut portion on the outer side of the horizontal rectangular patch is vertically welded with small rectangular patches 1-2 of the same size to form the bent structure of the electric dipole. The horizontal rectangular patch with curved slits and the vertical small rectangular patches are orthogonally formed with a bent structure, forming a bent structure of "horizontal body + vertical extension", expanding the three-dimensional radiation dimension of the electric dipole. The whole is made of metal plate material. The non-closed semi-enclosed groove of this invention can be configured as a U-shaped groove, a C-shaped groove, or a П-shaped groove. The magnetic dipole of this invention is a stepped flared magnetic dipole 2, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention, specifically a stepped columnar cavity structure with a larger upper section and a smaller lower section. The upper end of this structure is sealed by a horizontal rectangular patch of a curved-slit bent electric dipole. The lower small cavity section 2-2 serves as the bottom support and transition structure for the stepped flared magnetic dipole, extending vertically along the positive z-axis. Its cross-section is rectangular. The upper large cavity section 2-1 connects to the top of the lower small cavity section, and its cross-sectional dimension is larger than that of the lower small cavity section. The inner wall of the upper large cavity section is connected to the inner wall of the lower small cavity section in a "stepped" manner, forming a "step" transition. The top opening of the upper large cavity section completely fits the horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole, making the horizontal rectangular patch the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity, together forming a closed cavity space. The internal space of the magnetic dipole cavity forms an "inverted stepped cylinder". The magnetic dipole has a "『" shaped structure. The cross-section of the cavity structure of this "『" shaped magnetic dipole is an inverted L-shaped cavity, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Folded metal walls connect to the bottom of vertical metal walls to form the "『" shaped cavity structure, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The entire structure is made of metal plate material. See also... Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding structure of the present invention. The feeding structure consists of a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper sheets of unequal length, forming a coaxial feeding structure 3. The longer bent rectangular copper sheet 3-4 is electrically connected to the upper surface of the exposed inner conductor 3-3 at the upper end of the coaxial line, and the shorter bent rectangular copper sheet 3-5 is connected to the outer conductor 3-1 of the coaxial line, thus forming the overall coaxial feeding structure. This structure organically integrates the feed line, impedance matching circuit, and radiator, achieving efficient signal transmission while significantly improving the antenna's mechanical stability and environmental adaptability.

[0025] This invention addresses the prominent problems of impedance mismatch and decreased radiation efficiency in traditional magnetoelectric dipole antennas when extending bandwidth, as well as the limited current path control capability and difficulty in achieving broadband and efficient radiation within a limited space inherent in existing electric dipole structures. It proposes a solution through a collaborative design of "structural fusion and three-dimensional curved flow." A bent electric dipole with etched curved flow slots and loaded with vertical patches is conformally integrated with a stepped flared magnetic dipole cavity to form a closed structure. This effectively extends the surface current path and excites multiple resonant modes, achieving a relative bandwidth of 104.8%, meeting the broadband requirements of modern communication. The combination of the complementary radiation mechanism of the magnetoelectric dipole and a U-shaped reflector ensures efficient and directional radiation of electromagnetic energy, resulting in a stable and symmetrical radiation pattern and low cross-polarization, guaranteeing the quality and stability of communication signals. The integrated mechanical structure and optimized coaxial feed design enhance the antenna's structural strength and environmental adaptability, enabling reliable operation in extreme environments such as vibration and drastic temperature changes. The synergy of these innovations has resulted in a high-performance antenna solution that is stable in terms of bandwidth, performance, and reliability.

[0026] Example 2: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Example 1, see [link to example]. Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a top view of the overall structure of the invention. The invention designs an electric dipole, specifically a meandering slot bent electric dipole 1. A pair of strictly symmetrical semi-enclosed slots 1-1 are constructed on the surface of a horizontal rectangular patch through an etching process. In this embodiment, the semi-enclosed slots are set as U-shaped slots. The two slots of the U-shaped slots extend inward from the two sides of the horizontal rectangular patch and bend longitudinally, forming two slot structures with opposite openings pointing towards the central axis of the horizontal rectangular patch. Together, they define a complete rectangular conductor region in the center of the horizontal rectangular patch. The design of the meandering slot reconstructs the surface current distribution of the antenna, forcing the current to travel along the edge of the slot, forming a significantly extended and multiple-bend equivalent transmission path. This not only increases the effective electrical length of the electric dipole and achieves structural compactness, but more importantly, the meandering slot is equivalent to a parallel capacitor element in the equivalent circuit. The strong radiation generated is equivalent to increasing the loss resistance of the antenna, causing the Q value of the operating mode to decrease. Its value is determined by the gap width and the coupling strength of the central conductor region. This capacitor can resonate in parallel with the inherent inductive impedance of the antenna at a high frequency of 4.2 GHz, accurately canceling the imaginary inductive part of the input impedance, making it approach zero, achieving impedance matching, and successfully exciting a high-frequency resonant point at 4.2 GHz. This resonant point merges with the antenna's original low-frequency resonant mode, ultimately synergistically expanding the impedance bandwidth. To achieve this electromagnetic performance, this embodiment has parameterized and optimized the key dimensions of the meandering gap: the outer diameter of the U-shaped groove is fixed at W1 = 32 mm, and the inner diameter at W2 = 30 mm. The key dimensions that determine the capacitance effect, the width of the left and right gaps of the meandering gap, are strictly controlled between 0.9 mm and 1.1 mm. In this embodiment, the gap width is selected as 1 mm. The gap reduces the resonant frequency and improves matching by extending the current path and introducing an equivalent capacitance. Narrowing the gap width can simultaneously enhance the path extension effect and capacitance value, thereby more effectively reducing the frequency and compensating for inductance. As the gap width decreases, the frequency of the new resonant point increases. The gap width should be selected appropriately according to the desired frequency point.

[0027] Depending on the specific application, the non-closed semi-enclosed slot of this invention can be configured with different slot structures, such as C-type and П-type slots. Through the above-mentioned series of in-depth structural and parameter co-designs of the curved slot bent electric dipole, this embodiment achieves precise control of high-frequency matching characteristics and further expansion of the operating bandwidth without changing the overall antenna architecture. It can achieve 104% relative bandwidth, retain the advantages of high gain and low cross-polarization, and has strong feed structure stability and adaptability to complex and extreme environments.

[0028] This invention achieves maximum impedance matching and energy transmission efficiency in the high-frequency band by precisely controlling the slot width of the meandering slot within a micrometer-level tolerance range of 0.9-1.1 mm, effectively solving the performance degradation problem of broadband antennas caused by inductive mismatch in the high-frequency band. Secondly, through the coordinated optimization of the inner and outer diameters of the U-shaped slot, multi-resonant mode excitation is realized in a limited space, maintaining structural compactness while significantly expanding the operating bandwidth, enabling the antenna to cover a wider range of communication frequency bands. In addition, this parametric design method based on the meandering slot gives the antenna performance predictability and manufacturing repeatability. By adjusting the specific slot width and groove diameter, the equivalent capacitance value and current path can be precisely controlled, providing a reliable design benchmark for large-scale engineering applications.

[0029] Example 3: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-2, see [link to example 1-2]. Figure 4 This invention addresses the electric dipole by loading two small vertical rectangular patches 1-2 between the outer ends of a horizontal rectangular patch and the slots on both sides of a semi-enclosed groove, thereby constructing a highly integrated three-dimensional bent radiation structure. The design of these small vertical rectangular patches is key to performance optimization: one end is perpendicularly welded to the side of the horizontal rectangular patch with etched tortuous slots, while the other end remains parallel to the sidewall of the U-shaped reflector, establishing a strongly coupled three-dimensional transition structure between the horizontal electric dipole and the vertical reflector. This design forces the current flowing in the horizontal plane to extend downwards and pass through these small vertical rectangular patches, effectively lengthening the minimum path of surface current in three-dimensional space and increasing the equivalent electrical length of the electric dipole in the low-frequency band. Without increasing the horizontal area, the low-frequency resonant mode of the antenna is successfully excited and enhanced, achieving a reduction in the physical size of the antenna. To achieve the aforementioned performance improvements, the key dimensions of the vertical rectangular patch have been precisely optimized and designed with tolerances: its width is 12.5 mm, while its length is adjustable within the range of 11.5 mm to 12.5 mm. In this embodiment 3, the length of the vertical rectangular patch is selected as 12 mm. As the patch length increases, the current path length increases, and the resonant point generated by the electric dipole shifts to lower frequencies. By controlling this length parameter, the effective length and coupling strength of the current propagation path can be fine-tuned, precisely optimizing the low-frequency response characteristics of the antenna while ensuring the mechanical stability of the structure.

[0030] This invention forms a three-dimensional bent structure of "horizontal main body + vertical extension" by loading a vertical rectangular patch between a horizontal rectangular patch and a semi-enclosed slot. This achieves synergistic optimization of the antenna structure's compactness and low-frequency performance, enabling the antenna to effectively cover lower frequency bands while maintaining a compact structure. By controlling the length of the vertical patch within the range of 11.5-12.5mm, the current path can be regulated and the low-frequency resonance characteristics can be stably reproduced, providing reliable parameter basis for mass production. This three-dimensional design with "horizontal-vertical" coupling enhances the mechanical stability of the structure, and the welding support of the vertical patch effectively improves the overall reliability of the antenna in vibration environments.

[0031] Example 4: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-3, see [link to example 1]. Figure 4 This invention specifically employs a stepped, flared magnetic dipole 2 with rigorously optimized parameters. Physically, this magnetic dipole structure is clearly divided into two functionally distinct yet tightly integrated cavity segments: the lower, smaller cavity 2-2 serves as a compact rectangular vertical channel, primarily acting as a mechanical support base and a transition zone between the feed impedance and the magnetic field. Its relatively small cross-sectional area facilitates a smoother impedance transformation from the feed point to the radiator. The upper, larger cavity 2-1, on the other hand, serves as the core radiation enhancement structure. Its rectangular cross-section in the Y direction is intentionally designed to be significantly larger than that of the lower cavity. The two are connected in a "stepped" manner through a precisely calculated vertical drop along the inner wall of the cavity, thus physically forming a clear "step"-shaped transition zone. This stepped structure introduces controllable mode perturbations within the cavity, effectively exciting and regulating the distribution of higher-order magnetic field modes, thus broadening the equivalent operating frequency band. The top rectangular opening of the upper large cavity section is bonded and welded to the horizontal rectangular patch of the curved-slot bent electric dipole described in Examples 1-3. This makes the horizontal rectangular patch both the main radiating surface of the electric dipole and the upper metal cap of the entire magnetic dipole cavity. This deep integration means that the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole are no longer independent components, but rather together form a complete cavity structure with a closed top and an internal "inverted stepped cylindrical" shape.

[0032] This invention achieves a synergistic enhancement of multiple core performance advantages by employing a stepped flared magnetic dipole cavity structure. This structure, through the distributed reactance introduced by the stepped transition, complements the inherent impedance characteristics of the electric dipole and feeding system, constructing a wideband impedance matching network at the circuit level and expanding the antenna's relative operating bandwidth. Secondly, by calculating the dimensions of the flared cavity, the electromagnetic field within the cavity, especially the magnetic field energy in the high-frequency band, is confined and reshaped, suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes that may cause beam distortion, ensuring the stability and symmetry of the radiation pattern within the operating bandwidth. The welding of the stepped flared magnetic dipole cavity structure with the radiating patch constitutes an extremely robust, three-dimensional, integrated metal structure, which not only simplifies the assembly process but also fundamentally improves the overall mechanical robustness and long-term reliability of the antenna under harsh environmental conditions such as vibration, shock, and temperature cycling.

[0033] Example 5: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-4, see [link to example 1]. Figure 4 This invention addresses the stepped flared magnetic dipole 2, optimizing its dimensions and refining its structure. Through a series of designed structural parameters, it achieves multi-dimensional performance improvements. This magnetic dipole employs a distinctive stepped cavity structure, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The specific configuration is as follows: the lower, smaller cavity section serves as a support and impedance matching section, with a fixed width of 3mm to ensure effective connection with the feed structure; the width Lt of the upper, larger cavity section is set between 8.5mm and 9.5mm. In this embodiment 5, the width Lt of the upper, larger cavity section is set to 9mm, generating a new resonant point at 3.7GHz. Increasing Lt is equivalent to expanding the radiation aperture of the magnetic dipole; a decrease in Lt leads to a shift in the resonant frequency towards higher frequencies. By precisely adjusting Lt, the new resonant frequency generated by the antenna can be fine-tuned. This flared design increases the equivalent radiation aperture of the magnetic dipole. A precise stepped surface transitions between the upper and lower cavities, introducing structural discontinuity that effectively perturbs and reorganizes the magnetic field distribution within the cavities, exciting new resonant modes. In this embodiment, one side of the cavity is folded at a height L3 = 15.5 mm above the reflecting ground, with a fold width L2 of 6 mm, while the other side maintains a vertical metal wall of H = 24 mm. This asymmetrical folded structure, together with the vertical metal wall, constitutes the cavity structure, forming a highly efficient equivalent current loop in three-dimensional space. This current loop not only optimizes the current distribution in the low-frequency band and extends the electrical length of the equivalent magnetic dipole, but the folded structure also introduces a controllable coupling capacitance, further compensating for the antenna's inductive impedance in the high-frequency band.

[0034] This invention achieves optimized excitation and impedance matching of multi-band resonant modes by precisely controlling the width Lt of the upper large cavity section of the magnetic dipole within the range of 8.5-9.5mm and forming a stepped structure with a fixed width of 3mm at the bottom. This allows the antenna to maintain a stable VSWR over a wide bandwidth. By constructing an equivalent current loop path with the vertical metal wall and the folded metal pen, the low-frequency radiation performance is enhanced. The distributed parameters introduced by the folded structure improve the high-frequency characteristics. By maintaining the synergistic design of the 24mm vertical metal wall and the asymmetric folding, the optimal balance between electromagnetic performance and structural compactness is achieved, enabling the antenna to maintain high gain and low cross-polarization radiation performance while keeping the structure compact.

[0035] Example 6: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-5, see [link to example]. Figure 2 This invention designs a highly reliable coaxial power supply structure 3, which includes a central internal copper pillar 3-3 (inner conductor), an intermediate dielectric layer 3-2, and an outer metal layer 3-1 (outer conductor). A long bent rectangular copper sheet 3-4 is connected to the inner conductor and extends horizontally to provide optimal capacitive coupling. A short bent rectangular copper sheet 3-5 is connected to the outer conductor to ensure DC grounding. Functional enhancement is achieved by integrating two bent rectangular copper sheets.

[0036] This invention achieves a synergistic improvement in electrical performance and mechanical reliability by employing a coaxial feeding structure consisting of a coaxial line and two unequal-length bent rectangular copper sheets. First, a complete DC grounding and electromagnetic shielding system is established through the direct connection between the outer metal layer and the short bent rectangular copper sheet, providing a stable zero-potential reference for the antenna and effectively suppressing external interference. Second, the specific shape and size of the long bent rectangular copper sheet enable broadband energy coupling and mode excitation of the electric and magnetic dipoles, ensuring the antenna's efficient radiation characteristics. Finally, a modular design with multi-point welding firmly integrates the feeding system and the radiation structure, improving assembly efficiency and production consistency. This allows the antenna to maintain mechanical stability and signal transmission performance under harsh environments such as vibration, shock, and high / low temperature cycling, meeting the high reliability standards of modern communication equipment.

[0037] Example 7: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-6, see [link to example 1]. Figure 2The coaxial power supply structure of this invention employs a long and short bent rectangular copper sheet to form an asymmetrical power supply system. In this invention, the unbent end of the long bent rectangular copper sheet 3-4 is connected to the upper surface of the inner conductor of the coaxial line, and the bent end of the long bent rectangular copper sheet is directionally welded to the central area of ​​the horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole, forming the main energy transmission channel. The lowest end of the short bent rectangular copper sheet 3-5 is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line, and the remaining part is attached to the edge of the electric dipole, constructing a complete grounding loop. Both bent rectangular copper sheets maintain close contact with the metal surface of the electric dipole, achieving multi-point mechanical anchoring by increasing the contact area.

[0038] The coaxial feeding structure of this invention, firstly, utilizes an asymmetrical layout to effectively extend the impedance matching bandwidth by regulating the current phase distribution; secondly, the long and short bent rectangular copper sheets are tightly bonded to the metal surface of the electric dipole, constructing a stable dual-path grounding system and significantly enhancing the structure's vibration resistance through multi-point mechanical anchoring; furthermore, the optimized contact interface effectively improves high-frequency signal transmission performance. These advantages work synergistically to enable the antenna to maintain stable radiation characteristics over a wide frequency range and possess excellent structural reliability and environmental adaptability, meeting the long-term stable operation requirements of 5G / 6G communication equipment under complex conditions such as temperature cycling and mechanical vibration.

[0039] This invention relates to a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, comprising an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, a feeding structure, and a U-shaped reflector. The electric dipole consists of two rectangular patches with etched semi-enclosed slots and vertical rectangular patches welded to the edges. The magnetic dipole is located below the electric dipole, forming a stepped cavity structure with a larger upper section and a smaller lower section, constructed from folded metal walls and vertical metal walls. Using a U-shaped reflector instead of a traditional planar reflector improves antenna impedance matching, reduces reflection loss, and thus widens the bandwidth. The feeding structure consists of a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper plates, giving the antenna the advantage of DC grounding and making it less prone to deformation. This ensures the antenna's stability in complex outdoor environments, enabling it to adapt to various harsh weather conditions. The relative bandwidth of this invention reaches 104.8%. Without increasing the antenna structure size (0.435λ×0.539λ×0.236λ, where λ is the wavelength at a frequency of 2.83GHz), this antenna can simultaneously cover 3G, 4G and part of the Sub-6G 5G communication frequency bands, and has good radiation characteristics, which can better meet the needs of modern multi-band communication transmission.

[0040] Example 8: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%. Similar to Examples 1-7, the overall structure of the present invention will be further described.

[0041] See Figure 1The present invention provides a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, comprising an electric dipole, a magnetic dipole, a feeding structure 3, and a U-shaped reflector 4.

[0042] The electric dipole of this invention is a curved-slot bent electric dipole, consisting of two identical rectangular patches 1 with curved-slot bends. The horizontal rectangular patch 1 includes two identical non-closed semi-enclosed slots 1-1 and four symmetrically placed vertical rectangular patches 1-2. The semi-enclosed slots 1-1 are located symmetrically in the middle of the horizontal patch, and the vertical rectangular patches 1-2 are located at the edges of the horizontal patch. The electric dipole of this invention forms curved-slots by slotting the horizontal rectangular patches, changing the current distribution. When the current flows on the patch surface, it must bypass the central open area and the slot along the edge of the slot, forming a curved transmission path, introducing additional resonant modes, and causing the antenna to generate a new resonant point at 4.2 GHz. Furthermore, rectangular patches of the same size are vertically welded to the outer side of the horizontal patch without being cut off, forming a bent structure of "horizontal body + vertical extension," expanding the three-dimensional radiation dimension of the electric dipole, extending the current path length of the electric dipole, and reducing the physical size of the electric dipole. The overall design combines curved slits and vertical bending structures to ensure that the electric dipoles maintain stable radiation performance over a wide range, while working in conjunction with the magnetic dipoles to achieve a radiation pattern that covers the entire space.

[0043] The magnetic dipole of this invention is a stepped, flared magnetic dipole 2 with a stepped cylindrical cavity structure, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Each metal plate has a vertical wall folded on one side and connected to the vertical wall on the other side. The lower small cavity segment serves as the bottom support and transition structure of the metal-enclosed magnetic dipole, extending vertically along the positive z-axis with a rectangular cross-section. The upper large cavity segment connects to the top of the lower small cavity segment, and its cross-sectional dimension is larger than that of the lower small cavity segment. The inner walls of the upper and lower small cavity segments are connected in a "stepped" manner, forming a "stepped" transition. The top opening of the upper large cavity segment completely fits the horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole, making the horizontal rectangular patch the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity, together forming a closed cavity space. The internal space of the magnetic dipole pair forms an "inverted stepped cylinder". The stepped cavity structure, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, is equivalent to a current loop, working in conjunction with the electric dipole to ultimately generate a new resonant point at 3.7 GHz.

[0044] See Figure 2The feed structure 3 of this invention is placed in the middle of the electric dipole and consists of a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper sheets of different lengths. The coaxial line is composed of an inner copper pillar 3-3, an intermediate dielectric layer 3-2, and an outer metal layer 3-1. One end of the long bent copper sheet 3-4 is connected to the upper surface of the exposed inner conductor 3-3, and the other end is welded to the metal area near the center of the horizontal rectangular patch. One end of the short bent rectangular copper sheet 3-5 is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line, and the other end is adaptively connected to the metal area at the edge of the electric dipole. The two small rectangular copper sheets have the same width but different lengths and are placed symmetrically along the midpoint of the antenna. This structure gives the antenna the key advantage of DC grounding and significantly improves structural stability.

[0045] In the power supply structure 3, the height of the outer metal layer 3-1 of the coaxial line is H2=22mm and the radius is R2=1.7mm. The radius of the inner metal column 3-3 is R1=0.45mm. The width of the small metal plate 3-4 in the power supply structure is a=4mm and the length is b=10mm. The length of the connection between the metal plate 3-4 and the horizontal patch is d=1mm. The length of the metal plate 3-5 is c=5mm and the width is a=4mm. The width of the connection between the metal plate 3-5 and the coaxial line is e=1.3mm.

[0046] See Figure 3 The width of the horizontal rectangular patch 1 of the present invention is W=57mm, the length is L=21mm, the height is H=24mm, the gap between the horizontal patches 1 is S=4mm, and the length of the upper and lower sides of the semi-enclosed groove is Ls=11mm.

[0047] See Figure 4 The magnetic dipole, electric dipole, and feeding structure of this invention are integrally installed within a U-shaped reflector 4 with a width of GW=70mm, a length of GL=60mm, and a height of Gh=20mm. The U-shaped reflector is made of metal sheet bent into a U-shaped structure with the slot facing upwards. Its inner wall can effectively reflect the radiated signals below and to both sides of the antenna. When the magnetic and electric dipole is working, some electromagnetic signals will radiate downwards (towards the mounting surface) and horizontally. The U-shaped reflector can reflect this part of the originally "useless" signal to the target communication area above and in front, reducing signal loss in non-target directions. At the same time, the superposition of the reflected signal and the signal directly radiated upwards by the antenna can increase the signal gain of the target area by 1.5-3dB, avoiding the problem of "energy dispersion caused by omnidirectional radiation" of the original magnetic and electric dipole antenna, and is more suitable for the needs of "directional coverage and precise transmission" in communication.

[0048] The metal layer thickness of the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, feeding structure 3 and U-shaped reflector 4 of the present invention is t=0.5mm.

[0049] The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to simulation experiments.

[0050] Example 9: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-8. This example demonstrates experimental analysis of the current distribution diagrams of the antenna at different frequency points.

[0051] Simulation conditions: Using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% was simulated and analyzed. During the simulation, the frequency range of 1.0 GHz to 5.0 GHz was set. The radiation boundary conditions were used to simulate the free space environment. The core components of the antenna were defined with ideal copper and aluminum materials. The coaxial wave port feeding consistent with reality was adopted. The focus was on scanning and calculating the antenna's current distribution, S-parameters, gain, and cross-polarization to verify the antenna performance.

[0052] Simulation content: For a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to the present invention, the current distribution diagram of the antenna is simulated at four specific frequency points: 1.4GHz, 2GHz, 2.8GHz, and 4GHz. The simulation results correspond to the following: Figure 5 (a) Figure 5 (b) Figure 5 (c) Figure 5 As shown in (d).

[0053] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 5 (a), Figure 5 (a) shows the current distribution of the antenna of the present invention at an operating frequency of 1.4 GHz. At 1.4 GHz, the current of the antenna is mainly concentrated in the central feed region and the edges of the horizontal rectangular patch, exhibiting strong current accumulation. See the high-value red area in the figure. This indicates that at this frequency, the central feed structure of the antenna and the horizontal rectangular patch radiating element form an effective coupling, and the concentrated current distribution ensures the energy transmission and radiation effect in this frequency band. See [reference needed] Figure 5 (b) Figure 5 (b) shows the current distribution at 2 GHz. The concentrated current distribution area extends towards specific edges on both sides of the horizontal rectangular patch, while the central feed area maintains a high current density. This indicates that the multi-structure synergy of the antenna is enhanced at 2 GHz, achieving efficient operation in this frequency band through the current resonance at the edges of the horizontal rectangular patch. See also Figure 5 (c) Figure 5 (c) shows the current distribution at 2.8 GHz. The figure reveals a further increase in current in the central feed region, and the current distribution on both sides exhibits a symmetrical expansion trend. The high current density region covers more of the edge structure, indicating the overall resonant characteristics of the device structure at this frequency. Matching performance in the 2.8 GHz band is achieved through large-area current coupling. See also... Figure 5 (d) Figure 5 (d) shows the current distribution at 4GHz. At the frequency of 4GHz, the current distribution of the antenna of the present invention exhibits a wider symmetrical diffusion. High current density regions appear in the central feed area, the upper and lower edges of the horizontal rectangular patch, and the middle gap. The current is mainly concentrated around the etched curved flow slot, indicating that in the 4GHz high-frequency band, the antenna achieves efficient distribution of high-frequency current in the wide bandwidth through current resonance and coupling in multiple regions, thus ensuring the radiation and transmission capabilities of this frequency band.

[0054] comprehensive Figure 5 As shown in (a) to (d), the current distribution of the antenna of this invention gradually expands from the central feed area to the edge area of ​​the horizontal rectangular patch as the frequency increases from 1.4 GHz to 4 GHz, exhibiting a trend of evolution from the center to the periphery and from local to multi-structure coupling. This change reflects that the antenna of this invention can achieve effective current concentration and resonance at different frequency points through key structures such as the central feed structure, the edge of the horizontal rectangular patch, the curved slit, and the upper and lower edges and middle gap of the patch. Experiments verify that this invention maintains good energy transmission and radiation characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band, ensuring efficient transmission and reception of signals in each frequency band. In the wide frequency range of 1.4 GHz to 4 GHz, through current resonance and coupling of different structures, it can work stably in multiple frequency bands, meeting the application requirements of multi-band communication systems. There is no need to design separate antennas for different frequency bands, reducing the difficulty and cost of system integration. The current at each frequency point is concentrated in the key radiation and coupling structures, reducing ineffective current dispersion, improving the energy conversion efficiency from feeding to radiation, thereby enhancing the antenna gain and radiation performance, enabling longer signal transmission distances and higher receiving sensitivity. The evolution of the current distribution is highly consistent with the structural design, indicating that the antenna's structural layout achieves precise electromagnetic control over a wide frequency band. This not only ensures the independent resonance characteristics of each frequency band but also expands the operating bandwidth through the synergistic effect between structures, demonstrating the scientific and innovative nature of the design.

[0055] Example 10: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-8. This example shows the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention. Perform simulation.

[0056] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 9.

[0057] Simulation content: This invention discloses a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%. Within the frequency range of 1GHz-5GHz, the antenna's reflection coefficient... Perform a simulation and plot the simulation results as curves. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0058] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a reflection coefficient curve of the antenna of the present invention from 1GHz to 5GHz, where the horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), covering the frequency band from 1GHz to 5GHz; and the vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient. (dB) reflects the impedance matching performance of the antenna. The smaller the value, the better the impedance matching. As can be seen from the figure, with... As an impedance matching criterion, the antenna of this invention not only meets the condition at 1.35GHz and 4.32GHz, but also introduces two new resonant points at 3.7GHz and 4.2GHz, ultimately forming an operating frequency range of 1.35GHz-4.32GHz, with a calculated relative bandwidth of 104.8%. Specifically, the resonant point near 1.35GHz demonstrates good impedance matching of the antenna in the low-frequency band; around 2.5GHz... The impedance matching performance is excellent, dropping below -40dB; the introduction of new resonant points at 3.7GHz and 4.2GHz further expands the high-frequency matching range, and the curve near 4.32GHz again meets the requirements. The requirements are met, ensuring effective matching in the high-frequency band. Due to the addition of a new resonant point, the antenna of this invention has a wider operating bandwidth and excellent impedance matching characteristics within the 1.35GHz-4.32GHz wideband, stably covering multiple communication frequency bands and providing a reliable antenna solution for multi-band wireless communication systems.

[0059] Example 11: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-8. This example simulates the gain of the antenna of the present invention in the 1-5 GHz range.

[0060] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 9.

[0061] Simulation content: This invention discloses a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%. The antenna gain is simulated within the frequency range of 1GHz-5GHz. The simulation results are presented as curves. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0062] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a gain-frequency simulation curve of the present invention. The horizontal axis of the curve represents the operating frequency from 1 GHz to 5 GHz, and the vertical axis represents the gain (dBi), used to measure the antenna's radiation capability at different frequencies. The higher the gain value, the better the radiation performance. At the starting point of the operating frequency band, 1.35 GHz, the gain is approximately 8 dBi, indicating that the antenna has efficient radiation capability at the beginning of the frequency band. In the frequency band of 1.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz, the gain remains at a stable level above 6 dBi with minimal fluctuations. This characteristic indicates that the antenna has stable radiation capability in this wide frequency range, providing continuous and reliable signal radiation support for communication scenarios with high requirements for gain stability. In the frequency band of 3.5 GHz to 4.32 GHz, the gain reaches a peak of approximately 9.6 dBi near 4 GHz, and although it drops slightly thereafter, it still remains above 2 dBi at 4.32 GHz. The peak gain demonstrates the antenna's excellent high-gain radiation capability in the 4GHz band, making it suitable for high-frequency, high-gain applications such as 5G communication and early millimeter-wave applications. The antenna of this invention achieves high-gain and high-stability coverage across the entire frequency band from low to high frequencies in the 1.35GHz-4.32GHz band, forming a wide coverage, stable performance, and high peak gain characteristic. It can fully meet the diverse needs of multi-band RF systems for antenna gain performance and has significant technical and practical value.

[0063] Example 12: A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, similar to Examples 1-8. This example simulates the radiation patterns of the antenna at different frequencies.

[0064] The simulation conditions are the same as in Example 9.

[0065] Simulation content: This invention discloses a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%. The radiation patterns of the antenna are simulated at four frequency points: 1.4 GHz, 2 GHz, 2.8 GHz, and 4 GHz. The simulation results are plotted as curves, corresponding to the following... Figure 8 (a) Figure 8 (b) Figure 8 (c) Figure 8 As shown in (d).

[0066] Simulation results and analysis: See Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is the simulated radiation pattern of the antenna at four frequency points in the simulation experiment of this invention. Figure 8The different scale values ​​on the left side of the graph represent the gain values ​​of different circles in the corresponding radiation pattern, in dBi. The curve marked with a solid red line represents the simulated principal polarization curve of the E-plane, the curve marked with a dashed blue line represents the simulated cross-polarization curve of the E-plane, the curve marked with a dashed black line represents the simulated principal polarization curve of the H-plane, and the curve marked with a dashed green line represents the simulated cross-polarization curve of the H-plane. Figure 8 (a) shows the radiation pattern at 1.4 GHz. Figure 8 (b) shows the radiation pattern at 2 GHz. Figure 8 (c) shows the radiation pattern at 2.8 GHz. Figure 8 (d) shows the radiation pattern at 4 GHz. From Figure 8 As can be seen, the antenna of the present invention has good symmetry in the radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane. At the simulated frequency points, the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -25dB, indicating that the antenna of the present invention has good radiation characteristics.

[0067] In summary, this invention provides a coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100%, effectively solving key technical problems such as broadband impedance matching and high-frequency mismatch, the difficulty in balancing structural compactness and low-frequency performance, and insufficient stability of the feeding structure in complex environments. The antenna structure design includes: employing a curved-slot bent electric dipole, with a non-closed semi-enclosed groove etched at the edge of its horizontal patch, forming a current meandering path, and vertically welding a small rectangular patch on the outside to construct a three-dimensional radiation structure; the electric dipole is mounted on top of a stepped flared magnetic dipole, which is composed of a stepped metal cavity that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, conformally forming a closed structure with the electric dipole; the feeding section consists of a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper sheets, achieving DC grounding and mechanical reinforcement; simultaneously, a U-shaped reflector is used to replace the traditional planar structure, further improving impedance matching performance and bandwidth characteristics. This invention improves antenna performance through three key technologies: First, by coordinating the design of the curved slot and the stepped cavity, new resonant points are introduced at 3.7GHz and 4.2GHz, merging with the original frequency bands to achieve a relative bandwidth of 104.8%, effectively solving the broadband matching problem. Second, a coaxial feed structure with DC grounding characteristics is adopted, and system integration is achieved through multi-point welding, significantly improving mechanical stability and high-frequency transmission efficiency. Third, the design of three-dimensional bending and stepped cavity optimization extends the current path within a limited space, achieving a balance between compact structure and wideband performance, greatly reducing manufacturing and maintenance complexity. This antenna is compatible with 3G and 4G communication bands and covers 5G signals in the Sub-6G band, making it suitable for 5G base stations, IoT devices, and multi-mode communication systems, providing a high-performance antenna solution for the coordinated development of multiple generations of communication technologies.

[0068] The above description is merely an example of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can conceive of possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention using the methods and techniques disclosed above, without departing from the spirit and content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a coaxial-fed communication bandwidth greater than 100%, comprising a magnetic dipole, an electric dipole, a feeding structure, and a U-shaped reflector. The magnetic dipole is a vertically placed metal cavity structure at the bottom. A horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole is located at the upper end of the magnetic dipole, serving as the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity structure. The feeding structure is installed at the center of the entire antenna. The U-shaped reflector forms a surrounding structure around the antenna from the bottom, with its opening facing upwards, thus constituting a magnetoelectric dipole antenna. Its characteristics are as follows: The electric dipole is a curved-slot bent electric dipole. The curved-slot bent electric dipole has a non-closed semi-enclosed slot symmetrically etched at the edge of a horizontal rectangular patch, with the opening facing the antenna center. The horizontal rectangular patch portion at the bottom of the slot is removed, creating an open center. Curved slots are formed on both sides of the slot. Small rectangular patches of the same size are vertically welded to the unremoved portion outside the horizontal patch to form the bent structure of the electric dipole. The entire structure is made of metal plate. The magnetic dipole is a stepped, flared magnetic dipole with a stepped columnar cavity structure, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Viewed from the side, it has an inverted "L" shape and is also made of metal plate. The feeding structure includes a coaxial line and two bent rectangular copper sheets of different lengths. The longer bent rectangular copper sheet is connected to the exposed upper surface of the inner conductor at the top of the coaxial line, and the shorter bent rectangular copper sheet is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line, forming a coaxial feeding structure.

2. The coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meandering slot bent electric dipole has an outer diameter of W1=32mm and an inner diameter of W2 of 30mm. The width of the left and right slots is set to 0.9mm-1.1mm, preferably 1mm. The meandering slot is equivalent to a capacitor in the antenna equivalent circuit, which cancels the inductive property of the antenna impedance, makes the impedance imaginary part at the high frequency of 4.2GHz approach 0, and introduces a new resonance point.

3. The coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular patch vertically welded to the curved-slot bent electric dipole has a width of 12.5mm and a length of 11.5mm-12.5mm, preferably 12mm, which extends the current path length of the electric dipole and reduces the physical size of the electric dipole.

4. A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepped flared magnetic dipole has a lower small cavity segment that serves as the bottom support and transition structure, extending vertically along the positive z-axis. The upper large cavity segment connects to the top of the lower small cavity segment, and its cross-sectional dimension is larger than that of the lower small cavity segment. The inner wall of the upper large cavity segment is connected to the inner wall of the lower small cavity segment in a "stepped" manner, forming a "step" transition. The top opening of the upper large cavity segment completely fits the horizontal rectangular patch of the electric dipole, making the horizontal rectangular patch the upper sealing surface of the magnetic dipole cavity, together forming a closed cavity space. The internal space of the magnetic dipole cavity forms an "inverted stepped cylinder".

5. A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stepped flared magnetic dipole has an upper large cavity section with a width Lt of 8.5mm-9.5mm, preferably 9mm, and a lower small cavity section with a width of 3mm. One side of the stepped cavity structure is a folded metal wall with a height L3 of 15.5mm from the ground and a folding width L2 of 6mm. The other side is a vertical metal wall with a height H of 24mm. The stepped cavity structure is equivalent to a current loop, which works in conjunction with the electric dipole to ultimately generate a new resonant point at 3.7GHz.

6. A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial feed structure consists of an inner copper pillar, an intermediate dielectric layer, and an outer metal layer. The entire structure is composed of the coaxial feed line and two bent small copper sheets.

7. A coaxial-fed magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a communication bandwidth greater than 100% according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coaxial power supply structure has a long, bent rectangular copper sheet with one end connected to the upper surface of the exposed inner conductor at the upper end of the coaxial line, and the other end welded to the metal area near the center of the horizontal rectangular patch; a short, bent rectangular copper sheet with one end connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line, and the other end adaptively connected to the metal area at the edge of the electric dipole.

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