Broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-caliber phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of common-caliber antennas, and discloses a broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-caliber phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing, and the phased array comprises a metasurface array and a feed structure located below the metasurface array. According to the common-caliber phased array, the metasurface array is multiplexed, and a * b * e * f (c * d * g * h) metasurface units are utilized to form a radiation structure of a * b low-frequency units and c * d high-frequency units. The array structure is compact, and the frequency ratio can be flexibly adjusted by changing the proportion of the metasurface units. The array feed structure is arranged below the metasurface unit, and high isolation and various polarizations can be realized by changing the feed structure and arrangement of the a * b low-frequency antenna units and the c * d high-frequency antenna units. According to the invention, by multiplexing a set of metasurface array, the common-aperture design of the compact low-profile broadband is realized, and the aperture utilization rate and the scanning range of the array beam are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of co-boresight antennas, and relates to a dual-frequency co-boresight phased array antenna, in particular to a wideband low-profile dual-frequency co-boresight phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of multifunctional systems such as communication and radar, dual-frequency co-boresight antennas have become a research hotspot in the academic and industrial fields due to their high space utilization and compact structure. Co-boresight antennas integrate multiple frequency bands, multiple polarizations or different functions in the same aperture plane to realize the simultaneous reception and transmission of multi-band signals, and are widely used in satellite communication, radar detection and electronic countermeasure fields. In these application scenarios, there are higher requirements for the miniaturization, lightweight, wideband performance and multi-frequency compatibility of the antenna system, especially the accommodation of multiple frequency bands in limited space, which has become a key technical challenge.

[0003] At present, there are still technical bottlenecks in realizing the bandwidth expansion of low-profile dual-frequency co-boresight array antennas. Although the traditional staggered arrangement design can meet the integration requirements of multiple frequency bands, it often leads to a large unit spacing, resulting in a large aperture area, low aperture utilization and limited scanning angle of the antenna, which is difficult to meet the beam coverage in a large angle range.

[0004] The existing wideband implementation methods such as the combination of tightly coupled arrays, dipole arrays and waveguide arrays usually result in a high antenna profile or a large overall volume, which limits the miniaturization and integration of the antenna, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of low profile, lightweight and high integration of modern radar systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a dual-frequency co-boresight antenna with simple structure, low profile, high aperture utilization and wideband characteristics to meet the requirements of wideband, low profile and high integration, so as to improve the overall performance of the antenna system and expand its application potential. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a wideband low-profile dual-frequency co-boresight phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing to overcome the deficiencies of traditional co-boresight phased array antennas in two-dimensional wideband scanning and isolation. By adopting metasurface multiplexing technology, the application realizes a compact design with wideband and low profile, and improves the bandwidth performance and space utilization of the co-boresight phased array antenna.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical solutions: A kind of wideband low profile dual-frequency co-caliber phased array antenna based on super surface multiplexing, the phased array array is composed of structure multiplexing super surface array and feed structure located below super surface, including a×b low-frequency antenna unit and c×d high-frequency antenna unit, the a×b low-frequency antenna unit is composed of e×f super surface unit and feed structure, the c×d high-frequency antenna unit is composed of g×h super surface unit and feed structure;The radiation structure of low-frequency antenna unit and the radiation structure of high-frequency antenna unit multiplex the same super surface array, and super surface unit is formed by metal or using high dielectric constant dielectric material;The a×b low-frequency antenna unit and c×d high-frequency antenna unit feed structure are arranged horizontally or vertically below the super surface array, and multiple polarizations are realized by adjusting the feed structure.

[0007] Preferably, the radiation structure of the low-frequency antenna unit has e×f super surface unit composition, wherein: e, f ≥2, and e, f ∈ N + .

[0008] Preferably, the radiation structure of the high-frequency antenna unit has g×h super surface unit composition, wherein: g, h ≥1 and g, h ∈ N + .

[0009] Preferably, the super surface unit can adopt different shapes such as circle, triangle, rectangle and polygon.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of the number of high-frequency antenna units to the number of low-frequency antenna units is c / a=g / e, d / b=h / f, and the frequency ratio is adjusted by adjusting the unit number ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the dielectric material is made of dielectric material with a dielectric constant greater than 6.

[0012] Preferably, the polarization mode of the antenna is determined by the feed source, and the polarization mode is not limited to linear polarization, and multiple polarizations can be realized by adjusting the feed structure. The feed structure can adopt slot, L-shaped probe and coaxial different ways to feed, and through the control of the phase of the feed port, the a×b low-frequency units can realize one beam through two-dimensional scanning by phase control, and the c×d high-frequency units can synthesize one beam through two-dimensional scanning by phase.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Frequency ratio adjustable co-caliber integrated design: The present application can adjust the frequency ratio by adjusting the unit number ratio, and realize the design of two frequency bands with any frequency ratio.

[0014] 2. Compact structure, high aperture multiplexing rate: The high-frequency and low-frequency bands share a single radiation structure, featuring a compact structural layout and high aperture reuse rate.

[0015] 3. Broadband characteristics: The antenna employs a metasurface structure, which gives it broadband characteristics and significantly enhances its overall performance.

[0016] 4. Wide bandwidth and wide-angle scanning capability: The antenna supports wide bandwidth and angle scanning, meeting the needs of multifunctional communication and radar systems.

[0017] 5. High isolation: Through a well-designed feed arrangement, the antenna achieves high isolation, further enhancing the overall performance of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna unit of the present invention, (a) side view and (b) top view.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna of the present invention. (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an example unit of the broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna of the present invention when g=h=1, (a) side view and (b) top view.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna of the present invention when g=h=1, (a) side view and (b) top view.

[0022] Figure 5 The following are structural diagrams of an example of the broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna of the present invention: (a) three-dimensional structural diagram, (b) side view, and (c) top view.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the dielectric metasurface patch in the array of this invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the integrated high and low frequency power supply structure in the array of this invention.

[0025] Figure 8 The active voltage standing wave ratio of the array center unit is (a) low frequency band and (b) high frequency band.

[0026] Figure 9 For high and low frequency isolation of the array, (a) low frequency band, (b) high frequency band.

[0027] Figure 10The array scanning patterns at 13 GHz are shown in (a) E-plane scanning and (b) H-plane scanning.

[0028] Figure 11 The array scanning patterns at 30 GHz are shown in (a) E-plane scanning and (b) H-plane scanning. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface reuse. It comprises a metasurface array 1 with a reused structure and a feeding structure 4 located below the metasurface, integrating a high-frequency antenna feed 2 and a low-frequency antenna feed 3. The antenna includes a×b low-frequency antenna elements 5 and c×d high-frequency antenna elements 6. The a×b low-frequency antenna elements are composed of e×f metasurface elements and the feeding structure, while the c×d high-frequency antenna elements are composed of g×h metasurface elements and the feeding structure. The ratio of the number of high-frequency antenna elements to the number of low-frequency antenna elements is c / a = g / e, d / b = h / f, and the frequency ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the number of elements.

[0031] The radiating structures of the low-frequency antenna elements and the high-frequency antenna elements reuse the same metasurface array. The high-frequency metasurface structure can be reused as the low-frequency radiating structure. This reuse of structures avoids staggered arrangement and maintains a compact arrangement. In addition, due to the bandwidth characteristics of the metasurface antenna and its compact arrangement, it has excellent wide-bandwidth angle scanning performance. High and low frequencies can be fed by slots, L-shaped probes, coaxial cables, etc.

[0032] Example: A schematic diagram of an embodiment based on a broadband low-profile dual-frequency co-aperture phased array with metasurface reuse and g=h=1 is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, it mainly consists of the following parts: a high dielectric constant metasurface patch array 7, a feeding module 10 integrating a high-frequency antenna feed 8 and a low-frequency feed 9. The high-frequency metasurface structure also serves as a low-frequency radiating structure. Through multiplexing design, four high-frequency patch metasurface units constitute a low-frequency radiating structure 11.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna array consists of n×n phased array antenna elements. A two-dimensional scanning beam 12 can be achieved in the low-frequency band, and a two-dimensional scanning beam 13 can be achieved in the high-frequency band.

[0034] Implementation of a broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna, for exampleFigure 5 As shown, mainly consists of the following parts: high dielectric constant super surface patch 13, high frequency feed slot 14, low frequency feed slot 15. In this embodiment, the high frequency unit adopts a unit, and the low frequency adopts 2x2 unit, and the frequency ratio is 2. Figure 6 The detailed diagram of the high dielectric constant super surface structure is shown, Figure 7 The feeding module integrating high frequency and low frequency feeding structure is shown. In this design, the high frequency signal is fed through the SIW, and the patch unit is fed through the slot; the low frequency signal adopts the printed ridge waveguide (PRGW) structure, and is fed to the super surface antenna through the slot. The orthogonal arrangement of the slot effectively guarantees the isolation characteristic.

[0035] The center unit voltage standing wave ratio simulation results of the embodiment are respectively as Figure 8 (a), (b). The low frequency band bandwidth with VSWR < 2 is 12.5~14.2 GHz, and the high frequency band bandwidth is 22.8~36.5 GHz; the high and low frequency isolation of the array is as shown in Figure 9 The low frequency band isolation is greater than 40 dB, and the high frequency band isolation is greater than 30 dB. In addition; the scanning results of the array at 13 GHz when scanning in the H plane and the E plane are respectively as Figure 10 (a), (b). The scanning results of the array at 30 GHz when scanning in the H plane and the E plane are respectively as Figure 11 (a), (b), both frequency bands can scan ±60°.

[0036] The polarization mode of the antenna is determined by the feed, and the polarization mode is not limited to linear polarization. A variety of polarizations can be realized by adjusting the feed structure. The feed structure corresponding to the structure can be diversified in addition to the specific description in this embodiment, such as L probe feed, coaxial feed and back cavity slot, etc. In addition, the frequency ratio can be reasonably designed according to the unit ratio, and the antenna array can also be expanded to any scale to obtain higher gain and other needs.

[0037] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, and any equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and modifications are equivalent to the above embodiments. Any brief introduction, modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing, characterized in that: The phased array consists of a multi-functional metasurface array and a feeding structure located below the metasurface. It includes a×b low-frequency antenna elements and c×d high-frequency antenna elements. The a×b low-frequency antenna elements are composed of e×f metasurface elements and a feeding structure, and the c×d high-frequency antenna elements are composed of g×h metasurface elements and a feeding structure. The radiation structures of the low-frequency antenna elements and the high-frequency antenna elements reuse the same metasurface array. The metasurface elements are made of metal or a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant. The feeding structures of the a×b low-frequency antenna elements and the c×d high-frequency antenna elements are arranged horizontally or vertically below the metasurface array, and various polarizations can be achieved by adjusting the feeding structures.

2. The broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency antenna element has a radiating structure composed of e×f metasurface units, where e, f ≥ 2 and e, f ∈ N. + .

3. The broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-frequency antenna element has a radiating structure composed of g×h metasurface units, where g, h ≥ 1 and g, h ∈ N. + .

4. The broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface units can be circular, triangular, rectangular, or polygonal.

5. A broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the number of high-frequency antenna elements to the number of low-frequency antenna elements is c / a=g / e, d / b=h / f, and the frequency ratio is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the number of elements.

6. A broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric material is a dielectric material with a dielectric constant greater than 6.

7. A broadband low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on metasurface multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply structure can be powered by different methods such as gap, L-shaped probe or coaxial feed.

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