Ad-hoc network Bluetooth wireless battery management system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of battery management systems, and particularly relates to an ad-hoc network Bluetooth wireless battery management system and a control method thereof, and the ad-hoc network Bluetooth wireless battery management system comprises a plurality of battery packs, a mobile terminal application program and a background management system. The battery packs form a decentralized ad hoc network through a Bluetooth communication protocol, one battery pack is set as a host, and the other battery packs are slaves; the host battery pack communicates with the background management system and serves as a routing node of the ad hoc network. And the mobile terminal application program accesses the network by scanning the two-dimensional code uniquely bound with each battery pack, and accesses and controls the real-time data and parameters of any slave battery pack through the host battery pack. Traditional wired harness connection is abandoned, and potential safety hazards caused by harness aging, abrasion and combustion are fundamentally eliminated. The control method comprises the steps of ad hoc network establishment, data acquisition and transmission, route uploading, terminal access and remote management and control, and wireless, networked and intelligent management of the battery pack is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of battery management systems, and particularly relates to a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The power battery pack is the "heart" of the electric vehicle, and its technical development and performance directly relate to the endurance, safety and cost of the vehicle. Its prospects are closely related to the fate of the new energy vehicle industry, and it also faces profound technical changes. In the coming years, its development prospects are broad, and the market growth point will shift from pure "quantity increase" to "quality change" and "mode innovation". In the future, the battery pack will no longer be a simple battery cell container, but will evolve into a highly integrated, intelligent, and deeply coupled energy system with the vehicle. The existing battery packs on the market are controlled individually, the control cost is high, the intelligence is relatively low, and the battery ports are connected by a wire harness. Since the wire harness has poor temperature resistance and low ignition point, it is easy to age and burn out.

[0003] Moreover, the mainstream battery management system currently uses a wired connection method, and multiple battery packs are connected to a central control unit through a complex wire harness. This traditional solution has the problems of complex wiring and low system reliability. Since the wire harness itself is prone to aging and has poor temperature resistance, there is a high risk of combustion safety hazards. At the same time, the wired architecture has insufficient scalability and flexibility, making it difficult to achieve plug-and-play and modular free combination of battery packs, which restricts its development in flexible application scenarios.

[0004] In addition, the existing system is mostly controlled independently or simply centrally controlled, and there is a lack of efficient collaborative management capability between battery packs, with limited intelligence. Within the battery pack, the protection board and the battery monomer are usually connected by a flexible wire harness. This method has the risks of low connection reliability and uneven resistance, further restricting the energy density and safety of the battery pack. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the problems raised in the background art, the application provides a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system and a control method thereof. Multiple battery packs are organized into a decentralized self-organizing network using a Bluetooth communication protocol, completely abandoning complex wired wire harness connections, and fundamentally eliminating safety hazards caused by wire harness aging, wear and tear, and combustion. The system has high flexibility and survivability, the battery packs can be freely moved and plugged in, any slave failure in the network does not affect the operation of other units, the master can be dynamically specified or switched, and the reliability and scalability of the system are improved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the application to solve the technical problems is to provide a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system, comprising:

[0007] A battery pack, wherein there are several battery packs, and each battery pack contains a protection board;

[0008] A mobile terminal application is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with any of the battery packs and to monitor and set parameters.

[0009] A background management system for storing and processing data from the battery pack;

[0010] The battery packs are configured into a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol, with one battery pack in the self-organizing network being set as the master and the remaining battery packs being set as slaves.

[0011] The host battery pack communicates with the background management system and acts as a routing node in the self-organizing network;

[0012] The mobile terminal application accesses the self-organizing network by scanning a QR code uniquely bound to each battery pack, and accesses and manages the real-time data and parameters of any slave battery pack in the network through the host battery pack.

[0013] Furthermore, the battery pack includes:

[0014] The battery housing has an internal support for fixing individual battery cells.

[0015] Multiple battery cells are arranged in series on the internal support and fixed by battery support screws;

[0016] The protection plate is fixed inside the battery housing.

[0017] An all-metal connecting piece assembly is used to realize the electrical connection between the battery cell and the protection board;

[0018] The top cover is sealed to the battery housing by screws, forming a closed space to isolate the external environment.

[0019] Furthermore, the all-metal connector assembly includes:

[0020] One end of the connecting piece is welded to the positive terminal of the last cell in the series battery pack, serving as the overall positive terminal BAT+ of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the BAT+ port of the protection board.

[0021] Connector 2, one end of which is welded to the negative terminal of the first battery cell in the series battery pack, serving as the total negative terminal BAT- of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the BAT- port of the protection board.

[0022] The number of connecting pieces three corresponds to the number of battery segments connected in series. One end of each connecting piece three is welded to the positive terminal of the corresponding battery cell, and the other end is connected to the voltage acquisition ports VC1, VC2, VC3... of the protection board.

[0023] Furthermore, the protective plate includes:

[0024] The battery protection chip U1 is used to collect the voltage of the multiple battery cells and output a charge / discharge control signal according to the voltage and preset parameters.

[0025] The main control communication module U2 has Bluetooth communication function, which is used to realize the self-organizing network communication and to interact with the battery protection chip U1.

[0026] The charge and discharge control circuit includes at least one charge control MOSFET (QM2) and at least one discharge control MOSFET (QM1), wherein the charge control MOSFET and the discharge control MOSFET control the on / off state of the total charge and discharge path of the battery pack according to the charge and discharge control signal output by the battery protection chip (U1);

[0027] The current sampling circuit includes at least one current sampling resistor RS1 for real-time monitoring of the charging and discharging current of the battery pack.

[0028] Furthermore, the protection board also includes a battery balancing circuit, which includes multiple balancing MOSFETs (Q1-Q4) and balancing resistors R11-R19. The switching state of the balancing MOSFETs is controlled by the battery protection chip U1, which is used to passively balance the multiple battery cells.

[0029] Furthermore, the main control communication module U2 is connected to the battery protection chip U1 via an I2C or SPI interface to obtain battery data and send control commands.

[0030] Furthermore, the main battery pack communicates with the background management system 3 by transmitting data via a mobile communication network or a Wi-Fi network.

[0031] Furthermore, when the host battery pack acts as a routing node in the ad hoc network, it periodically collects real-time data from all slave battery packs or according to instructions from the backend management system, and packages and uploads the collected data to the backend management system.

[0032] Furthermore, when the mobile terminal application accesses and manages any slave battery pack in the network through the host battery pack, the management function includes: remotely sending control commands to adjust the charging and discharging status, protection parameters, or equalization function of the slave battery pack;

[0033] The QR code contains a unique identifier for the battery pack and / or an encrypted security token. The mobile terminal application needs to authenticate itself using the security token before accessing the self-organizing network.

[0034] The present invention also provides a control method for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Self-organizing network establishment: Several battery packs are connected into a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol, and one battery pack is designated as the master and the rest are slaves.

[0036] S2. Data Acquisition and Transmission: The slave battery pack periodically transmits its own battery data to the host battery pack;

[0037] S3. Data Routing and Uploading: The host battery pack collects data from the slave battery pack and uploads itself and all collected data to the background management system via a mobile communication network or Wi-Fi network.

[0038] S4. Mobile terminal access: The mobile terminal application accesses the self-organizing network by scanning the QR code uniquely bound to the target battery pack and verifying its identity.

[0039] S5. Remote access and control: The mobile terminal application sends remote control commands to any slave battery pack in the self-organizing network through the host battery pack to adjust the charging and discharging status, protection parameters or equalization function of the slave battery pack.

[0040] In step S5, the remote control command includes enabling or disabling the charge / discharge control circuit on the slave battery pack protection board; the remote control command includes starting or stopping the battery balancing circuit on the slave battery pack protection board.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] (1) This invention utilizes the Bluetooth communication protocol to build a decentralized self-organizing network of multiple battery packs, completely eliminating the need for complex wired wiring harness connections and fundamentally eliminating safety hazards caused by aging, wear, and combustion of wiring harnesses. The system has high flexibility and resilience; the battery packs can be moved freely and are plug-and-play; the failure of any slave unit in the network does not affect the operation of other units; and the master unit can be dynamically designated or switched, improving the reliability and scalability of the system.

[0043] (2) This invention achieves refined and remote management of the entire battery pack and individual cells through a multi-level architecture of "mobile terminal APP - host battery pack - backend management system". Users can securely access the network by scanning a QR code, monitor the real-time data of any battery pack anytime and anywhere, and remotely adjust parameters and send control commands, which greatly improves user experience and operation and maintenance efficiency. At the same time, the backend system provides powerful data support for battery life cycle management, data analysis and fault diagnosis.

[0044] (3) The battery pack of the present invention uses an all-metal connecting piece assembly to replace the traditional flexible sampling wire harness, which realizes a stable, low-resistance, and highly reliable electrical connection between the battery cell and the protection board. This structure effectively avoids problems such as loose wire harness connection points and insulation aging, has better high-temperature resistance, and significantly improves the energy density and long-term safety level of the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 This specification provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system as an embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0048] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a battery protection and balancing module of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0049] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the charging and discharging control and current sampling module of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main control communication and power module of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0051] Figure 6 This is one of the structural diagrams of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0052] Figure 7A second schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0053] Figure 8 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0054] Figure 9 Fourth schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0055] Figure 10 Fifth schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0056] Figure 11 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal application for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0057] Figure 12 This is one of the structural diagrams of the backend management system of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0058] Figure 13 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the backend management system of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0059] Figure 14 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the backend management system of a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0060] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a control method for a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0061] The component names in the attached diagram are labeled as follows: 1. Battery pack; 2. Mobile terminal application; 3. Background management system; 4. Protection board; 11. Battery housing; 12. Internal bracket; 13. Battery cell; 14. Battery bracket screw; 15. Top cover plate; 16. Top cover plate screw; 17. Connecting piece one; 18. Connecting piece two; 19. Connecting piece three; 20. Sealing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] This embodiment provides a self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0065] Battery pack 1, wherein there are several battery packs 1, and each battery pack 1 is provided with a protection plate 8;

[0066] Mobile terminal application 2 is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with any of the battery packs 1 and to monitor and set parameters;

[0067] The background management system 3 is used to store and process data from the battery pack 1;

[0068] The battery pack 1 is configured into a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol. One battery pack in the self-organizing network is set as the master, and the other battery packs are set as slaves.

[0069] The host battery pack communicates with the background management system 3 and acts as a routing node of the self-organizing network;

[0070] The mobile terminal application 2 accesses the self-organizing network by scanning the QR code uniquely bound to each battery pack, and accesses and manages the real-time data and parameters of any slave battery pack in the network through the host battery pack.

[0071] Multiple battery packs 1 automatically form a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol. Within the network, one battery pack is dynamically or pre-designated as the Master, and the remaining battery packs act as Slaves. The Master is responsible for network routing and management. The Master battery pack acts as a gateway between the entire network and the remote backend management system 3. It packages and uploads data from all battery packs within the network to the cloud backend via a mobile communication network or Wi-Fi network, and receives instructions from the backend. Slave battery packs periodically or trigger-basedly send data to the Master via the Bluetooth Mesh network. Users interact with the battery packs through a mobile terminal application 2. Each battery pack is bound to a unique QR code at the factory, which encodes the battery pack's unique identifier and an encrypted security token. The unique identifier is similar to a MAC address. The app obtains access credentials by scanning the QR code, and only after authentication by the Master battery pack can it access the self-organizing network. Once connected, the app can transparently access and manage any slave battery pack in the network through the Master battery pack, which acts as a routing node. The control functions include: real-time data monitoring, remote modification of protection parameters (such as voltage / current protection thresholds), remote start / stop of charging and discharging, and manual triggering of battery balancing.

[0072] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the battery pack 1 includes:

[0073] The battery housing 11 has an internal support 12 for fixing the individual battery cells.

[0074] Multiple battery cells 13 are arranged in series on the internal support 12 and fixed by battery support screws 14;

[0075] The protection plate 8 is fixed inside the battery carrier housing 11;

[0076] An all-metal connecting piece assembly is used to realize the electrical connection between the battery cell 13 and the protection plate 8;

[0077] The upper cover plate 15 is sealed to the battery carrier housing 11 by the upper cover plate screws 16, forming a sealed space to isolate the external environment.

[0078] Furthermore, the all-metal connecting piece assembly includes: a connecting piece 17, one end of which is welded to the positive electrode of the last cell of the series battery pack, serving as the total positive electrode BAT+ of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the BAT+ port of the protection board 8.

[0079] Connecting piece 2 18, one end of which is welded to the negative terminal of the first battery cell in the series battery pack, serving as the total negative terminal BAT- of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the BAT- port of the protection board 8.

[0080] The number of connecting pieces 319 corresponds to the number of battery segments connected in series. One end of each connecting piece 319 is welded to the positive terminal of the corresponding battery cell, and the other end is connected to the voltage acquisition ports VC1, VC2, VC3... of the protection board 8.

[0081] The mechanical design of battery pack 1 emphasizes structural strength, electrical connection reliability, and environmental sealing. The battery housing 11, serving as the main structure, is made of high-strength engineering plastic or metal and contains an internal support 12 for fixing and positioning each battery cell 13. Each battery cell 13 is composed of multiple lithium-ion cells connected in series to form a battery pack, which is securely mounted to the internal support 12 using battery bracket screws 14. The all-metal connector assembly abandons traditional flexible wiring harnesses, employing stamped nickel or copper alloy connectors to achieve low-resistance, high-reliability electrical connections.

[0082] The all-metal connecting piece assembly includes: Connecting piece 17, welded to the positive terminal of the last cell in the series-connected battery pack, serving as the overall positive terminal (BAT+) of the battery pack, with the other end connected to the BAT+ port of the protection board 8 via screws or welding. Connecting piece 2 18, welded to the negative terminal of the first cell in the series-connected battery pack, serving as the overall negative terminal (BAT-) of the battery pack, with the other end connected to the BAT- port of the protection board 8. Connecting pieces 3 19, the number of which matches the number of cells connected in series. One end of each connecting piece 3 is welded to the connection point of two adjacent cells, i.e., the negative terminal of the previous cell and the positive terminal of the next cell, and the other end is connected to the corresponding voltage acquisition ports VC1, VC2, VC3... on the protection board 8, respectively, for accurately acquiring the voltage of each cell. The top cover 15 is sealed to the housing 11 via top cover screws 16. A sealing ring can be installed at the joint to form an IP67-rated sealed space, effectively preventing dust and water damage and protecting the internal circuitry and cells.

[0083] Furthermore, such as Figures 3-5 As shown, the protection plate 8 includes:

[0084] The battery protection chip U1 is used to collect the voltage of the multiple battery cells 13 and output a charge / discharge control signal according to the voltage and preset parameters.

[0085] The main control communication module U2 has Bluetooth communication function, which is used to realize the self-organizing network communication and to interact with the battery protection chip U1.

[0086] The charge and discharge control circuit includes at least one charge control MOSFET (QM2) and at least one discharge control MOSFET (QM1), wherein the charge control MOSFET and the discharge control MOSFET control the on / off state of the total charge and discharge path of the battery pack 1 according to the charge and discharge control signal output by the battery protection chip U1;

[0087] The current sampling circuit includes at least one current sampling resistor RS1 for real-time monitoring of the charging and discharging current of the battery pack 1.

[0088] The protection board 8 also includes a battery balancing circuit, which includes multiple balancing MOSFETs (Q1-Q4) and balancing resistors (R11-R19). The switching state of the balancing MOSFETs is controlled by the battery protection chip U1 and is used to passively balance the multiple battery cells 13.

[0089] Furthermore, the main control communication module U2 is connected to the battery protection chip U1 via an I2C or SPI interface to obtain battery data and send control commands.

[0090] The circuit structure and working principle of protection board 8 include:

[0091] Battery protection chip (U1): It is usually a high-precision analog front-end (AFE) chip, such as TI's BQ series or ADI's LTC series.

[0092] Voltage acquisition: The voltage of each battery cell is sampled with high precision by directly connecting the voltage sampling points introduced by the connector chip 19 through pins VC1 to VC5 (taking a 4-cell system as an example).

[0093] Protection logic: The chip has built-in protection algorithms for overcharge voltage (OV), overdischarge voltage (UV), and overcurrent (OC). When the collected data exceeds the preset threshold, the chip will immediately output a shutdown signal through the charge / discharge control signal output pin, such as COT for charging control and DOT for discharging control.

[0094] Communication interface: It can perform high-speed data interaction with the main control communication module (U2) through the I2C or SPI interface (pins SDA, SCL), upload the collected voltage, temperature, fault status and other data, and receive configuration commands from U2.

[0095] U1 is the core analog front-end acquisition chip of the entire protection board. It is responsible for accurately acquiring the voltage of individual battery cells and making protection logic judgments.

[0096] Voltage acquisition input: Pins VC1, VC2, VC3, VC4, and VC5 of U1 receive voltage sampling signals from the positive terminal of the battery cell. These sampling points are connected to the battery pack connection points B1, B2, B3, and B4 via connector three (19).

[0097] Power and Reference: VCC and VSS (GND) provide the operating power and reference ground for U1.

[0098] Main control communication module (U2): It is usually a microcontroller MCU with integrated Bluetooth function, such as Nordic RF52840 or similar chip.

[0099] Core processing: Responsible for running the Bluetooth protocol stack, ad hoc network routing algorithm, communication protocols with the backend system, and application layer logic.

[0100] Bluetooth Mesh Network: Bluetooth Mesh communication is achieved through a built-in 2.4GHz RF transceiver and an external antenna (ANT1). The RF matching network (composed of series resistors RF1, RF2, RF3, R24 and parallel capacitors C13, C14, C15) ensures optimal impedance matching at the antenna end, maximizing communication distance and stability.

[0101] Peripheral interfaces:

[0102] GPIO / ADC pins: Some GPIO pins are multiplexed as ADCs to directly read analog signals or auxiliary voltage signals from the temperature sensor.

[0103] UART interface (UARDTX, UARDRX): can be used to connect additional communication modules, such as 4G modules.

[0104] I2C interface (SDA, SCL): used to connect U1 and other I2C sensors.

[0105] Clock circuit: A stable system clock is provided by an external crystal oscillator (connected to pins such as XTAL32M_P and XTAL32M_N).

[0106] Charge and discharge control circuit:

[0107] Power MOSFET array: The actuator for performing charge / discharge on / off control. The system uses two TOLL packaged N-MOSFETs (QM1 and QM2) connected in series between the battery's main negative terminal (BAT-) and the load / charger port (P-).

[0108] QM1 is used as a discharge control MOSFET.

[0109] QM2 is used as the charging control MOSFET.

[0110] Drive circuit: The charge / discharge control signals (COT, DOT) output by U1 cannot usually directly drive high-power MOSFETs, so a pre-drive circuit is provided. This circuit converts the low-current logic signals of U1 into drive voltages that can quickly turn the MOSFET gates on and off.

[0111] Operating principle: Under normal conditions, both QM1 and QM2 are in the conducting state, ensuring unobstructed charging and discharging paths. When U1 detects a fault, it shuts off QM2 to cut off the charging circuit; if over-discharge or over-current is detected, it shuts off QM1 to cut off the discharging circuit. This hardware-level protection has an extremely fast response speed.

[0112] The current sampling circuit includes:

[0113] Sampling resistor (RS1): A precision sampling resistor in the milliohm range, connected in series in the main circuit (between BAT- and P-).

[0114] Signal processing: The current flowing through RS1 will generate a small voltage difference. This voltage signal is sent to the high-precision ADC built into U1 or U2 for amplification and digitization, which is used to calculate the charging and discharging current in real time, realize hardware overcurrent protection and software-level SOC (state of charge) calculation.

[0115] Battery balancing circuit: A passive balancing scheme is adopted, with each battery cell corresponding to a balancing unit, which consists of a balancing MOSFET (Q1-Q4) and a balancing resistor (R11-R19).

[0116] Working principle: U1 continuously monitors the voltage of each individual cell. When it detects that the voltage of a certain cell (such as B1) is significantly higher than that of the others, U1 controls the corresponding equalization MOSFET (Q1) to turn on. Current flows from the positive terminal of B1 through the equalization resistor (R11) and Q1, returning to the negative terminal of B1, thereby dissipating the excess energy of B1 as heat, causing its voltage to drop, and achieving voltage equalization. The magnitude of the equalization current is determined by the resistance value of the equalization resistor (typically tens of ohms, with the equalization current in the hundreds of milliamperes range).

[0117] Protection board 8 also includes protection circuitry and a power management unit. The protection circuitry includes transient voltage suppression diodes (TVS2, TVS3, TVS4) connected in parallel to the signal or power lines to suppress surge voltages, Zener diodes (DZ1, DZ2) for voltage clamping protection, and reverse connection protection diodes (D2, D3, D6) to prevent reverse power connection damage to the circuitry. The power management unit provides stable operating voltages to the various chip modules on the protection board.

[0118] Example 2:

[0119] This embodiment describes a control method applied to the aforementioned self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system, such as... Figure 15 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0120] S1. Self-organizing network establishment: Several battery packs 1 are connected to form a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol, with one battery pack designated as the master and the others as slaves. The master battery pack is responsible for network routing and management, while the slave battery packs communicate with the master via Bluetooth Mesh.

[0121] S2. Data Acquisition and Transmission: The slave battery pack periodically collects its own battery data, including voltage, temperature, current, and SOC status, and transmits it to the host battery pack via Bluetooth. Data acquisition is completed collaboratively by the battery protection chip (U1) and the main control communication module (U2) on the protection board 8.

[0122] S3. Data Routing and Upload: The host battery pack collects data from all slave battery packs and packages its own data and the collected data to the backend management system 3 via a mobile communication network (such as 4G / 5G) or Wi-Fi network. Upload can be periodic or triggered by instructions from the backend management system.

[0123] S4. Mobile Terminal Access: Users scan a QR code uniquely bound to the target battery pack using the mobile terminal application 2. The QR code contains the battery pack's unique identifier and an encrypted security token. The app authenticates itself using the security token, and after verification by the host battery pack, it accesses the self-organizing network.

[0124] S5. Remote Access and Control: Mobile terminal application 2 sends remote control commands to any slave battery pack in the ad hoc network via the host battery pack. Control functions include:

[0125] Adjust the charging and discharging state of the slave battery pack: for example, enable or disable the charging and discharging control circuit on the protection board 8 (i.e., control the on / off state of QM1 and QM2).

[0126] Adjust protection parameters: such as modifying the individual unit voltage protection threshold, temperature protection parameters, current protection parameters, or equalization parameters.

[0127] Control balancing function: Start or stop the battery balancing circuit on protection board 8, and manually trigger the balancing operation.

[0128] In addition, such as Figures 6-11 As shown, the mobile terminal application 2 can also monitor the number of battery strings, capacity, voltage, current, temperature, SOC status, charge / discharge MOS status, cycle count, alarm information in real time, and perform operations such as system restart, SOC calibration, buzzer control, heating switch, sleep control, factory reset, and vehicle location by sound.

[0129] like Figures 12-14As shown, the background management system 3 receives and stores all battery pack data, performs data analysis, fault diagnosis, maintenance management and other functions, and realizes intelligent management of the entire life cycle of the battery pack.

[0130] Through the detailed system architecture, mechanical structure and circuit principle description above, this invention realizes wireless, networked and intelligent management of battery packs, and improves the reliability and maintainability of the system.

[0131] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system, characterized in that, include: A battery pack (1) is provided, and each battery pack (1) is provided with a protection plate (4). A mobile terminal application (2) is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with any of the battery packs (1) and to monitor and set parameters; A background management system (3) is used to store and process data from the battery pack (1); The battery pack (1) is configured into a decentralized self-organizing network via Bluetooth communication protocol. One battery pack in the self-organizing network is set as the master and the other battery packs are set as slaves. The host battery pack communicates with the background management system (3) and serves as a routing node for the self-organizing network; The mobile terminal application (2) accesses the self-organizing network by scanning the QR code uniquely bound to each battery pack, and accesses and manages the real-time data and parameters of any slave battery pack in the network through the host battery pack.

2. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack (1) includes: The battery carrier housing (11) has an internal support (12) for fixing the battery cells. Multiple battery cells (13) are arranged in series on the internal support (12) and fixed by battery support screws (14); The protective plate (4) is fixed inside the battery carrier housing (11); An all-metal connecting piece assembly is used to realize the electrical connection between the battery cell (13) and the protection plate (8); The upper cover plate (15) is connected to the battery carrier housing (11) by upper cover plate screws (16); A sealing plate (20) is attached to the top cover plate (15) to seal the battery.

3. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The all-metal connector assembly includes: Connecting piece 1 (17) has one end welded to the positive electrode of the last cell of the series battery pack, serving as the total positive electrode BAT+ of the battery pack, and the other end connected to the BAT+ port of the protection board (4). Connecting piece 2 (18), one end of which is welded to the negative terminal of the first battery cell in the series battery pack, serving as the total negative terminal BAT- of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the BAT- port of the protection board (4). The number of connecting pieces three (19) corresponds to the number of battery series segments. One end of each connecting piece three (19) is welded to the positive electrode of the corresponding battery cell, and the other end is connected to the voltage acquisition port (VC1, VC2, VC3...) of the protection board (4).

4. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective plate (4) includes: The battery protection chip (U1) is used to collect the voltage of the multiple battery cells (13) and output a charge / discharge control signal according to the voltage and preset parameters; The main control communication module (U2) is used to realize the self-organizing network communication and to interact with the battery protection chip (U1) for data exchange. The charge and discharge control circuit includes at least one charge control MOSFET (QM2) and at least one discharge control MOSFET (QM1), wherein the charge control MOSFET and the discharge control MOSFET control the on / off state of the total charge and discharge path of the battery pack (1) according to the charge and discharge control signal output by the battery protection chip (U1); The current sampling circuit includes at least one current sampling resistor (RS1) for real-time monitoring of the charging and discharging current of the battery pack (1).

5. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protection board (4) also includes a battery balancing circuit, which includes multiple balancing MOSFETs (Q1-Q4) and balancing resistors (R11-R19). The switching state of the balancing MOSFETs is controlled by the battery protection chip (U1) and is used to passively balance the multiple battery cells (13).

6. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main control communication module (U2) is connected to the battery protection chip (U1) via an I2C or SPI interface to obtain battery data and send control commands.

7. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host battery pack communicates with the background management system (3) by transmitting data through a mobile communication network or a Wi-Fi network.

8. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the host battery pack acts as a routing node of the self-organizing network, it periodically or according to the instructions of the background management system (3) collects real-time data of all slave battery packs and packages the collected data to upload to the background management system (3).

9. The self-organizing network Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the mobile terminal application (2) accesses and manages any slave battery pack in the network through the host battery pack, the management function includes: remotely sending control commands to adjust the charging and discharging status, protection parameters or equalization function of the slave battery pack; The QR code contains a unique identifier for the battery pack and / or an encrypted security token. The mobile terminal application (2) needs to authenticate itself using the security token before accessing the self-organizing network.

10. A control method for an ad hoc Bluetooth wireless battery management system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Self-organizing network establishment: Several battery packs (1) are organized into a decentralized self-organizing network through Bluetooth communication protocol, and one battery pack is designated as the master and the other battery packs are slaves. S2. Data Acquisition and Transmission: The slave battery pack periodically transmits its own battery data to the host battery pack; S3. Data routing and uploading: The host battery pack collects data from the slave battery pack and uploads itself and all collected data to the background management system (3) via mobile communication network or Wi-Fi network. S4. Mobile terminal access: The mobile terminal application (2) accesses the self-organizing network by scanning the QR code uniquely bound to the target battery pack and verifying its identity. S5. Remote access and control: The mobile terminal application (2) sends remote control commands to any slave battery pack in the self-organizing network through the host battery pack to adjust the charging and discharging status, protection parameters or equalization function of the slave battery pack. In step S5, the remote control command includes enabling or disabling the charge / discharge control circuit on the slave battery pack protection board (8); the remote control command includes starting or stopping the battery equalization circuit on the slave battery pack protection board (8).

Images