Efficient and low-consumption lithium battery waste gas intelligent treatment method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high efficiency low consumption lithium battery waste gas intelligent processing method and device, belong to waste gas treatment technical field, it includes by metal filter cartridge filtration and is imported into heat accumulating type thermal oxidizer, and oxidation decomposition is carried out in combustion chamber, generates high-temperature purified waste gas;Collect the outlet temperature data of heat accumulating type thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid state data of caustic washing tower, fusion into integrated state data;Combining the real-time operating parameters of quenching treatment and caustic washing treatment, generate quenching control instruction and caustic washing control instruction;According to quenching control instruction, high-temperature purified waste gas is carried out dry quenching treatment, and export dry cooling waste gas is generated;According to caustic washing control instruction, dry cooling waste gas is carried out lye washing, and standard waste gas is generated and is discharged.The application uses the intelligent control strategy of fusion upstream thermal oxidation outlet and downstream caustic washing state data, can realize the collaborative optimization to waste gas treatment whole process, to improve purification efficiency and reduce operating consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment technology, and in particular to a highly efficient and low-consumption intelligent treatment method and apparatus for lithium battery waste gas. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Their production, particularly in processes such as cell baking, formation and capacity testing, and the dismantling and recycling of used batteries, generates complex waste gases containing various harmful substances, including organic solvent vapors and electrolyte decomposition products such as hydrogen fluoride (HF). These waste gases are typically characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and large fluctuations in composition. Direct emission without effective treatment poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, developing efficient, stable, and economical lithium battery waste gas treatment technologies is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of the lithium battery industry.

[0003] Currently, the treatment of such waste gases typically employs multi-stage series treatment processes. A common technical solution involves first using a scrubbing tower to pre-cool the waste gas and absorb acidic gases, followed by activated carbon adsorption or a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) to remove organic matter. After thermal oxidation, the resulting high-temperature purified waste gas needs to be cooled in a quench tower before entering an alkaline scrubbing tower to further remove acidic gases generated by pyrolysis. These treatment units are often designed and controlled independently, with the operating parameters of each unit typically adjusted based on empirical settings or single feedback signals, lacking a global perception and coordinated control of the dynamic changes of the entire system.

[0004] Existing technical solutions have some shortcomings in actual operation. The various treatment equipment units are designed and controlled independently, lacking an integrated and coordinated control mechanism. For example, changes in the outlet temperature of the regenerative thermal oxidizer directly affect the heat load of the subsequent quench tower, while the absorption efficiency of the alkaline scrubbing tower is closely related to the temperature of the quenched exhaust gas and the state of its own circulating liquid. The lack of coordinated control makes it difficult for the unit to cope with frequent fluctuations in the concentration and flow rate of upstream exhaust gas, often resulting in excessive energy consumption or insufficient cooling during the quenching process, as well as inaccurate control of alkali consumption during the alkaline scrubbing process. This not only leads to unstable treatment efficiency but also causes unnecessary waste of energy and materials, resulting in high overall operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a highly efficient and low-consumption intelligent treatment method and apparatus for lithium battery waste gas. It employs an intelligent control strategy that integrates upstream thermal oxidation outlet and downstream alkaline washing status data, enabling coordinated optimization of the entire waste gas treatment process, thereby improving purification efficiency and reducing operating costs.

[0006] The above objectives can be achieved through the following approach: A highly efficient and low-consumption intelligent treatment method for lithium battery waste gas includes: acquiring high-temperature waste gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling; filtering the high-temperature waste gas through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated waste gas; introducing the pretreated waste gas into a regenerative thermal oxidizer for oxidation and decomposition in a combustion chamber with built-in high-temperature and halogen corrosion-resistant ceramic packing to generate high-temperature purified waste gas; collecting the outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid state data of the alkaline scrubbing tower, and integrating them into comprehensive state data; generating quench control commands and alkaline scrubbing control commands based on the comprehensive state data and combined with the real-time operating parameters of the quench treatment and alkaline scrubbing treatment; performing dry quench treatment on the high-temperature purified waste gas according to the quench control commands to generate dry-cooled outlet waste gas; and performing alkaline scrubbing on the dry-cooled waste gas according to the alkaline scrubbing control commands to generate compliant waste gas for discharge.

[0007] Optionally, generating pretreated waste gas includes: deeply cooling and dehumidifying the high-temperature waste gas to obtain low-humidity waste gas below a preset humidity threshold; and filtering the low-humidity waste gas through a metal filter cartridge to remove particulate matter, thereby generating pretreated waste gas.

[0008] Optionally, the generation of high-temperature purified exhaust gas includes: real-time monitoring of the temperature of the regenerative thermal oxidizer combustion chamber to generate real-time combustion chamber temperature data; comparing the real-time combustion chamber temperature data with a safe temperature threshold, and coordinating the pretreated exhaust gas based on the comparison result to obtain regulated exhaust gas; and introducing the regulated exhaust gas into the regenerative thermal oxidizer combustion chamber for oxidation and decomposition to generate high-temperature purified exhaust gas.

[0009] Optionally, the method further includes: when the real-time combustion chamber temperature data exceeds the upper limit of the safe temperature threshold, diverting the flow through a high-temperature bypass to reduce the calorific load of organic matter entering the combustion chamber and prevent overheating; when the real-time combustion chamber temperature data is lower than the lower limit of the safe temperature threshold, interlocking control to increase the supply of natural gas auxiliary fuel to supplement the heat required for combustion and ensure complete decomposition of organic matter.

[0010] Optionally, the fusion into comprehensive state data includes: defining the outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer as an upstream parameter characterizing heat input, and defining the circulating liquid state data of the alkaline scrubbing tower as a downstream parameter characterizing heat load and reaction state; and performing coupled calculation and comprehensive quantification of the upstream and downstream parameters according to association rules and weighting coefficients to fuse them into comprehensive state data.

[0011] Optionally, generating the quench control command includes: obtaining a target temperature value for controlling the outlet temperature of the quench tower based on the comprehensive status data; monitoring the outlet exhaust gas temperature of the quench tower in real time and generating real-time exhaust gas temperature data; comparing the real-time exhaust gas temperature data with the target temperature value and generating the quench control command.

[0012] Optionally, the generation of alkaline washing control instructions includes: determining the target pH value and the target alkaline washing temperature control value required for the operation of the alkaline washing tower based on the comprehensive status data; calculating the pH deviation between the real-time pH value of the circulating liquid in the alkaline washing tower and the target pH value, and the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature and the target alkaline washing temperature control value; and performing coupled calculations based on the pH deviation and the temperature deviation to generate alkaline washing control instructions.

[0013] Optionally, the generation of dry cooling exhaust gas includes: spraying and cooling the high-temperature purified exhaust gas in a quench tower with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating on the inner wall, according to the quench control command; obtaining a humidity alarm threshold for judging the risk of condensation in the tower, and monitoring the humidity in the quench tower to generate real-time humidity data; when the real-time humidity data exceeds the humidity alarm threshold, activating an automatic drainage device to discharge the condensate in the tower and generate dry cooling exhaust gas.

[0014] Optionally, the generation and discharge of compliant waste gas includes: obtaining the alkaline washing control command, adjusting the amount of alkaline solution added and the heat dissipation rate of the circulating liquid to obtain the adjusted circulating liquid; introducing the dry cooling waste gas into the alkaline washing tower to react countercurrently with the adjusted circulating liquid to remove acidic substances; during the countercurrent reaction, monitoring the pressure difference of the circulating water circuit in real time, and when the pressure difference exceeds the pressure alarm threshold, performing a backwashing operation on the circulating water circuit to generate compliant waste gas for discharge.

[0015] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a high-efficiency, low-consumption intelligent lithium battery waste gas treatment device. The device includes: a pretreatment module for acquiring high-temperature waste gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling, and filtering the high-temperature waste gas through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated waste gas; a thermal oxidation decomposition module for introducing the pretreated waste gas into a regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it undergoes oxidation decomposition in a combustion chamber containing high-temperature and halogen-corrosion-resistant ceramic filler to generate high-temperature purified waste gas; and a data acquisition and fusion module for acquiring data from the regenerative thermal oxidizer. The outlet temperature data of the thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid status data of the alkaline scrubbing tower are integrated into comprehensive status data. The intelligent control decision module is used to generate quench control commands and alkaline scrubbing control commands based on the comprehensive status data and combined with the real-time operating parameters of the quench treatment and alkaline scrubbing treatment. The dry quench module is used to perform dry quench treatment on the high-temperature purified waste gas according to the quench control commands to generate dry cooled waste gas at the outlet. The alkaline scrubbing purification module is used to perform alkaline scrubbing on the dry cooled waste gas according to the alkaline scrubbing control commands to generate qualified waste gas for discharge.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention establishes an intelligent linkage mechanism between upstream thermal oxidation and downstream wet treatment, fusing data from the outlet temperature of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid state of the alkaline scrubbing tower to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the unit's heat load and reaction status. Based on this comprehensive assessment, the unit can dynamically regulate the subsequent quenching and alkaline scrubbing processes, transforming the entire treatment process from a segmented, passive control mode to an integrated, proactive, and collaborative optimization mode, thereby improving its adaptability to operating condition fluctuations and overall operational efficiency.

[0017] This invention proposes a combined control strategy of dry quenching and humidity monitoring. While rapidly cooling the high-temperature purified waste gas, it avoids the formation of condensate by real-time monitoring of humidity within the tower and triggering an automatic drainage device. This design not only prevents corrosion of the equipment by acidic condensate and avoids increased load or blockage in subsequent treatment units due to droplets, but also ensures the uniform dryness of the waste gas, creating ideal inlet conditions for efficient and stable absorption in the subsequent alkaline scrubbing unit, thus enhancing the reliability of the entire device and extending its service life.

[0018] This invention employs a pH and temperature-coordinated control method in the alkaline washing purification process, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-parameter independent adjustment. By comprehensively analyzing pH and temperature deviations, a coordinated control command is generated to precisely regulate the amount of alkali added and the heat dissipation rate of the circulating liquid, ensuring that the chemical reaction always proceeds under optimal conditions. This not only guarantees the deep purification effect of acidic waste gas but also achieves the efficient use of alkali and energy, reducing operating costs and embodying a high-efficiency, low-consumption design philosophy.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an efficient and low-consumption intelligent treatment method for lithium battery waste gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the RTO combustion chamber temperature threshold control logic according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a radar chart of integrated state data coupling calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the alkalization and purification module process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent lithium battery waste gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention proposes an intelligent method for treating lithium battery waste gas with high efficiency and low consumption. It adopts an intelligent control strategy that integrates upstream thermal oxidation outlet and downstream alkaline washing status data, which can achieve synergistic optimization of the entire waste gas treatment process, thereby improving purification efficiency and reducing operating consumption.

[0028] The method described in this embodiment specifically includes: High-temperature exhaust gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling is obtained, and the high-temperature exhaust gas is filtered through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated exhaust gas. The pretreated waste gas is introduced into a regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it undergoes oxidation and decomposition in a combustion chamber containing ceramic filler that is resistant to high temperatures and halogen corrosion, generating high-temperature purified waste gas. The outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid status data of the alkaline scrubbing tower are collected and merged into comprehensive status data; Based on the comprehensive status data and combined with the real-time operating parameters of the quenching and alkaline washing processes, quenching control commands and alkaline washing control commands are generated. According to the rapid cooling control command, the high-temperature purified exhaust gas is subjected to dry rapid cooling treatment to generate dry-cooled exhaust gas at the outlet. The dry cooling exhaust gas is washed with alkaline solution according to the alkaline washing control command to generate qualified exhaust gas and then discharged.

[0029] Specifically, this method first uses pre-filtration and regenerative thermal oxidation technology to pre-purify and decompose high-temperature waste gas containing HF, removing particulate matter and organic pollutants. Its innovation lies in collecting and integrating the outlet heat status data of the upstream thermal oxidation unit and the circulating liquid load status data of the downstream alkaline washing unit to generate comprehensive status data that fully characterizes real-time dynamics. This comprehensive data serves as the core basis for intelligent decision-making, generating and issuing precise control commands for the two key subsequent processes: rapid cooling and alkaline washing, thereby achieving coordinated, dynamic, and optimized control of the entire treatment chain. Through intelligent coordinated control, the device can adaptively adjust the intensity of rapid cooling and the reaction conditions of alkaline washing according to real-time changes in waste gas conditions, ensuring that each treatment unit always operates at its optimal efficiency point. This ensures stable and compliant emissions of waste gas while avoiding energy waste caused by excessive cooling and excessive addition of alkaline solution, achieving high efficiency and low consumption in the treatment process.

[0030] Optionally, the generation of pretreated waste gas includes: The high-temperature exhaust gas is subjected to deep cooling and dehumidification to obtain low-humidity exhaust gas below a preset humidity threshold; The low-humidity waste gas is filtered through a metal filter cartridge to remove particulate matter, generating pretreated waste gas.

[0031] Specifically, the high-temperature HF-containing waste gas obtained from the lithium battery dismantling process is first subjected to deep cooling and dehumidification. This operation uses heat exchange or condensation devices to lower the waste gas temperature below its water vapor dew point, causing moisture and some condensable substances in the gas phase to condense into liquid and be separated, thus obtaining low-humidity waste gas below a preset humidity threshold. This step aims to reduce the absolute humidity and volumetric flow rate of the waste gas, reducing the thermal load on the subsequent regenerative thermal oxidizer. Subsequently, the cooled and dehumidified low-humidity waste gas is introduced into a filtration device with one or more built-in metal filter cartridges. The metal filter cartridges are typically made of corrosion-resistant sintered metal or metal fibers, and their microporous structure can effectively intercept and remove particulate matter such as electrolyte aerosols and dust entrained in the waste gas. After physical filtration by the metal filter cartridges, clean pretreated waste gas is obtained, which is then sent as input gas to the subsequent thermal oxidation decomposition module. By combining deep cooling and dehumidification with metal filter cartridge filtration, moisture and particulate matter in the exhaust gas are removed, protecting the ceramic packing inside the downstream core equipment, the regenerative thermal oxidizer, from clogging and contamination. This ensures the long-term stable and efficient operation of the thermal oxidation decomposition process, reduces the consumption of auxiliary fuel, achieves energy saving and consumption reduction in the lithium battery exhaust gas treatment process, and improves the overall economic efficiency and reliability of the method.

[0032] Optionally, the generation of high-temperature purified exhaust gas includes: Real-time monitoring of the temperature of the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer, generating real-time combustion chamber temperature data; The real-time combustion chamber temperature data is compared with a safe temperature threshold, and the pretreated exhaust gas is synergistically regulated based on the comparison result to obtain regulated exhaust gas. The regulated waste gas is introduced into the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer for oxidation and decomposition, generating high-temperature purified waste gas.

[0033] Specifically, high-temperature resistant thermocouples and other temperature sensing elements are first installed at key locations inside the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer. These sensing elements are connected to the main control unit to continuously collect the actual temperature inside the combustion chamber, thus generating continuous real-time combustion chamber temperature data. A safe temperature threshold is preset in the main control unit. This threshold defines an optimal operating temperature range, including a lower temperature limit to ensure complete decomposition of organic matter and an upper temperature limit to prevent thermal damage to the equipment. The control unit continuously performs logical comparisons between the collected real-time combustion chamber temperature data and the preset safe temperature threshold. Based on the comparison results, coordinated regulation is implemented on the pretreated exhaust gas entering the regenerative thermal oxidizer. This coordinated regulation is a dynamic feedback control process designed to stabilize the combustion chamber temperature. When the real-time combustion chamber temperature data is within the safe temperature threshold range, the normal introduction of pretreated exhaust gas is maintained; if it exceeds this range, the composition or flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the combustion chamber is adjusted. The gas formed after coordinated regulation is the regulated exhaust gas. This regulated exhaust gas is stably introduced into the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it comes into full contact with the built-in high-temperature and halogen-resistant ceramic packing under high-temperature conditions. The organic pollutants in the packing are completely oxidized and decomposed, ultimately transforming into carbon dioxide and water, forming high-temperature purified exhaust gas. This control strategy can adaptively adjust the calorific load entering the combustion chamber according to fluctuations in the concentration of organic matter in the exhaust gas, ensuring that the combustion chamber temperature is always maintained within the optimal range that can efficiently remove pollutants while ensuring equipment safety.

[0034] Optionally, the method further includes: When the real-time combustion chamber temperature data exceeds the upper limit of the safe temperature threshold, the flow is diverted through a high-temperature bypass to reduce the calorific load of organic matter entering the combustion chamber and prevent overheating. When the real-time combustion chamber temperature data is lower than the lower limit of the safe temperature threshold, the interlock control increases the supply of natural gas auxiliary fuel to supplement the heat required for combustion and ensure complete decomposition of organic matter.

[0035] Specifically, firstly, when the real-time combustion chamber temperature monitoring value exceeds the upper limit of the preset safe temperature threshold, it indicates that the concentration of organic matter entering the combustion chamber is too high, and its self-oxidation exothermics the accumulation of heat exceeding the device's processing capacity. At this time, the high-temperature bypass valve connected between the inlet and outlet of the regenerative thermal oxidizer is automatically triggered and opened. Some untreated pre-treated waste gas is directly diverted through this high-temperature bypass, bypassing the combustion chamber, thereby instantly reducing the calorific value load of organic matter entering the combustion chamber and preventing damage to the combustion chamber and internal ceramic packing due to overheating. Secondly, when the real-time combustion chamber temperature monitoring value is lower than the lower limit of the preset safe temperature threshold, it indicates that the concentration of organic matter entering the combustion chamber is low, and its self-oxidation exothermics are insufficient to maintain the required reaction temperature. At this time, the supply of natural gas auxiliary fuel to the combustion chamber will be automatically increased through interlocking control logic. As a clean fuel, natural gas can stably and quickly replenish the heat required for combustion, ensuring that the combustion chamber temperature rises to a level that effectively decomposes organic matter, thus guaranteeing treatment efficiency. Figure 2 As shown, the RTO combustion chamber temperature dynamically changes due to fluctuations in the exhaust gas calorific value. When it exceeds the upper threshold, a high-temperature bypass is triggered; when it falls below the lower threshold, natural gas is interlocked and supplemented. By implementing this bidirectional control strategy based on the upper and lower thresholds of the combustion chamber temperature, this method achieves dynamic management of the thermal oxidation process, optimizes energy utilization efficiency, and realizes energy saving and consumption reduction while ensuring treatment effectiveness.

[0036] Optionally, the fusion into comprehensive state data includes: The outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer is defined as an upstream parameter characterizing heat input, and the circulating liquid state data of the alkaline scrubbing tower is defined as a downstream parameter characterizing heat load and reaction state. Based on association rules and weighting coefficients, the upstream and downstream parameters are coupled and comprehensively quantified to form comprehensive state data.

[0037] Specifically, firstly, temperature sensors deployed in the exhaust pipe of the regenerative thermal oxidizer acquire real-time outlet temperature data. This data is defined as an upstream parameter characterizing the heat input of the subsequent quenching and alkaline scrubbing units. Simultaneously, sensors such as pH meters, thermometers, and conductivity meters installed on the circulating liquid pipeline of the alkaline scrubbing tower collect real-time state data including pH value, temperature, and conductivity of the circulating liquid. These data are collectively defined as downstream parameters characterizing the overall heat load and acid-base neutralization reaction state. Then, based on preset association rules and weighting coefficients, the collected upstream and downstream parameters are coupled, calculated, and comprehensively quantified. This process can be implemented using a quantification model, such as constructing a comprehensive state index, calculated as follows: , in, The final generated comprehensive state data is a dimensionless numerical value; These are upstream parameters, specifically the outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer. Representing the Downstream parameters, such as the pH or temperature of the circulating liquid in the alkali washing tower; It is a normalization function used to convert physical quantities of different dimensions into uniform, comparable dimensionless values, usually mapping them to the interval between 0 and 1. and These are the weighting coefficients for each parameter. These coefficients are pre-set based on the experience of process experts and the analysis of historical operating data, reflecting the importance of different parameters to subsequent control decisions. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the quantitative model normalizes parameters such as RTO outlet temperature and alkaline washing solution pH into dimensionless values, and displays the multi-parameter weighted fusion process through a radar chart. By weighted coupling of upstream parameters characterizing the heat source with downstream parameters characterizing the response, this method provides a control basis for subsequent quenching and alkaline washing processes, thereby improving the intelligence level, response speed, and operational stability of the entire treatment unit.

[0038] Optionally, the generation of quench control commands includes: Based on the comprehensive status data, a target temperature value for controlling the outlet temperature of the quench tower is obtained; the outlet exhaust gas temperature of the quench tower is monitored in real time, and real-time exhaust gas temperature data is generated. The real-time exhaust gas temperature data is compared with the target temperature value to generate a rapid cooling control command.

[0039] Specifically, firstly, based on comprehensive state data, a target temperature value for controlling the outlet temperature of the quench tower under the current operating conditions is obtained by consulting a preset control logic mapping table or executing a dynamic calculation model. This target temperature value is set by comprehensively considering the optimal inlet temperature requirements of the subsequent alkaline scrubbing tower, energy consumption, and the temperature window to prevent the resynthesis of dioxins. Simultaneously, a temperature sensor is installed at the exhaust gas outlet pipe of the quench tower to continuously monitor the actual outlet exhaust gas temperature, thereby generating real-time exhaust gas temperature data. Subsequently, this real-time acquired exhaust gas temperature data is compared in real-time with the dynamically determined target temperature value, and the deviation between the two is calculated. Based on this temperature deviation, a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm or other advanced control strategies are used to generate specific quench control commands. These commands typically manifest as control signals to the quench tower spray unit, such as the spray pump frequency, nozzle opening, or water flow regulating valve. Their purpose is to adjust the flow rate of the spray cooling medium, thereby precisely adjusting the cooling rate so that the outlet exhaust gas temperature of the quench tower can quickly and stably approach and maintain the target temperature value. This control strategy, which combines feedforward and feedback, not only ensures that the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the alkaline scrubbing tower is always within the optimal range, thus guaranteeing the absorption efficiency of acidic gases, but also avoids energy waste caused by excessive cooling or subsequent treatment problems caused by insufficient cooling, thereby improving the coordinated operation efficiency and overall energy efficiency of the entire exhaust gas treatment device.

[0040] Optionally, the alkaline washing control command includes: Based on the comprehensive status data, the target pH value and target temperature control value for alkaline washing tower operation are determined. Calculate the pH deviation between the real-time pH value of the circulating liquid in the alkaline washing tower and the target pH value, and the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature and the target value of the alkaline washing temperature control. Based on the pH deviation and the temperature deviation, a coupled calculation is performed to generate an alkaline washing control command.

[0041] Specifically, based on the integrated state data generated through fusion, the optimal target pH value and target temperature value for the alkaline washing tower under the current operating conditions are dynamically determined. These two target values ​​are set to ensure efficient neutralization of acidic substances and stable operation of the circulating liquid. pH and temperature data of the circulating liquid are acquired in real time through pH meters and temperature sensors installed in the circulating liquid pipeline of the alkaline washing tower. Subsequently, the control unit calculates the pH deviation between the real-time pH value and the target pH value, and the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature and the target temperature value for alkaline washing. Then, these two independent deviation values ​​are coupled and calculated to generate the final alkaline washing control command. This coupled calculation process does not simply control pH and temperature independently, but considers their mutual influence. For example, temperature changes affect the chemical reaction rate and pH measurement accuracy, while the addition of alkali introduces heat. Therefore, through multivariate control algorithms, such as decoupled control or model predictive control, the pH deviation and temperature deviation are comprehensively processed to generate a set of coordinated control output signals. These signals act on the regulating actuators of the alkali addition pump and the circulating liquid cooling unit, respectively, to form the final alkali washing control command, thereby achieving precise and coordinated control of the alkali washing process. This method can adjust the operating parameters of the alkali washing tower according to changes in the overall heat load and reaction state, ensuring that the amount of alkali added meets the neutralization requirements of acidic substances while avoiding resource waste and subsequent water treatment burden caused by excessive addition.

[0042] Optionally, the generation of dry-cooled exhaust gas includes: According to the quench control command, the high-temperature purified waste gas is sprayed and cooled in the quench tower with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating on the inner wall. Obtain a humidity alarm threshold for judging the risk of condensation inside the tower, and monitor the humidity inside the quench tower to generate real-time humidity data; When the real-time humidity data exceeds the humidity alarm threshold, the automatic drainage device is activated to discharge the condensate accumulated in the tower and generate dry cooling exhaust gas.

[0043] Specifically, firstly, inside a quenching tower with a high-temperature resistant, non-stick coating on its inner wall, the high-temperature purified exhaust gas from the thermal oxidation decomposition module is precisely cooled by a spray unit based on quenching control commands issued by the intelligent control decision module. The special coating on the inner wall is designed to prevent the adhesion of sticky substances that may precipitate during the cooling process, ensuring the long-term cleanliness and efficient operation of the tower. During this cooling process, a humidity alarm threshold is set to determine the risk of condensation inside the tower. This threshold is a critical relative humidity value calculated based on the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas, operating pressure, and safety margin. Simultaneously, humidity sensors are installed at key locations within the quenching tower to continuously monitor the gas humidity inside the tower and generate real-time humidity data. The control unit continuously compares this real-time humidity data with the preset humidity alarm threshold. Once the monitored real-time humidity data exceeds the humidity alarm threshold, it indicates that there is a risk of condensation or liquid accumulation inside the tower. At this point, an automatic drainage device connected to the bottom of the quenching tower, such as a solenoid valve or pneumatic valve, is immediately triggered and activated to promptly drain any condensation that may be present inside the tower. Through this series of cooling, humidity monitoring, and drainage operations, the gas finally discharged from the quench tower is dry, temperature-appropriate dry-cooled exhaust gas. This treatment method not only reduces the exhaust gas temperature to the optimal range for subsequent alkaline washing processes, but more importantly, it avoids condensation and liquid accumulation problems inside the tower caused by excessive spraying or fluctuations in operating conditions.

[0044] Optionally, the generation and emission of compliant exhaust gas includes: Obtain the alkaline washing control command, adjust the amount of alkaline solution added and the heat dissipation rate of the circulating fluid, and obtain the regulated circulating fluid; The dry cooling exhaust gas is introduced into an alkaline scrubbing tower and reacted countercurrently with the regulated circulating liquid to remove acidic substances. During the countercurrent contact reaction process, the pressure difference of the circulating water circuit is monitored in real time. When the pressure difference exceeds the pressure alarm threshold, a backwashing operation is performed on the circulating water circuit to generate compliant exhaust gas and discharge it.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the process begins by acquiring the alkaline washing control command generated by the intelligent control decision module. Based on this command, two key execution units are coordinated and regulated: firstly, the frequency or stroke of the metering pump is adjusted to precisely control the amount of alkaline solution added, maintaining the pH value of the circulating liquid within the target range; secondly, the operating parameters of the circulating liquid cooling unit are adjusted to control its heat dissipation rate, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the circulating liquid. Through this synchronized regulation, a regulated circulating liquid is obtained with optimal chemical properties and physical temperature for the reaction. Subsequently, the dry cooling exhaust gas generated in the preceding process is introduced from the bottom of the alkaline washing tower, while the regulated circulating liquid is evenly sprayed down from the top of the tower by a spray device. The two react in a thorough counter-current contact within the packing layer of the tower, where acidic substances such as HF in the exhaust gas are efficiently absorbed and neutralized by the alkaline solution. Throughout the entire counter-current contact reaction process, the operating pressure difference of the circulating water circuit is monitored in real time using differential pressure sensors installed in the circulating water circuit, such as at the pump inlet and outlet or at both ends of the packing layer. The device has a preset pressure alarm threshold. When the monitored real-time pressure difference rises above this threshold due to scaling or blockage in the packing layer, the control unit automatically triggers a forced backwash operation on the circulating water circuit. Clean water or a specific cleaning solution is used to flush the pipes and packing in the opposite direction or at a high flow rate to remove blockages. After this series of purification and intelligent maintenance processes, the gas discharged from the top of the alkaline scrubbing tower is compliant with emission standards and can be directly discharged. This method can autonomously diagnose and resolve potential blockages caused by salt crystallization, avoiding the risks of decreased efficiency, increased energy consumption, and even shutdown for maintenance. This ensures the long-term stable operation and reliable treatment effect of the alkaline scrubbing purification module, guaranteeing the continuity, efficiency, and compliance of the entire waste gas treatment process.

[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a high-efficiency and low-consumption intelligent treatment device for lithium battery waste gas, the device comprising: The pretreatment module is used to obtain high-temperature exhaust gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling, and to filter the high-temperature exhaust gas through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated exhaust gas. The thermal oxidation decomposition module is used to introduce the pretreated waste gas into a regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it undergoes oxidation decomposition in a combustion chamber with built-in high-temperature and halogen corrosion-resistant ceramic filler to generate high-temperature purified waste gas. The data acquisition and fusion module is used to acquire the outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid status data of the alkaline washing tower, and fuse them into comprehensive status data. The intelligent control decision module is used to generate quench control commands and alkaline washing control commands based on the comprehensive status data and in combination with the real-time operating parameters of the quench treatment and alkaline washing treatment. The dry quenching module is used to perform dry quenching treatment on the high-temperature purified waste gas according to the quenching control command, and generate dry cooling waste gas at the outlet. The alkaline washing purification module is used to wash the dry cooling exhaust gas with alkaline solution according to the alkaline washing control command, generate qualified exhaust gas and discharge it.

[0047] To verify the feasibility of this invention in practice, it was applied to a large-scale lithium battery recycling and processing center. During the large-scale dismantling of waste lithium batteries, this center generates a large amount of high-temperature waste gas containing organic matter and hydrogen fluoride (HF), with its component concentration and calorific value fluctuating greatly depending on the batch processed. Traditional treatment methods are difficult to adapt to these changing operating conditions, often leading to overheating of the regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) or incomplete treatment. Furthermore, the energy and chemical consumption control of the downstream quenching and alkaline washing units is rudimentary, resulting in high operating costs and equipment susceptibility to corrosion and blockage. This center hopes to use this invention to achieve intelligent, precise, and collaborative control of the entire waste gas treatment process.

[0048] In this embodiment, the recycling and processing center utilizes the processing device of this invention to treat waste gas from the battery dismantling line. The device first performs deep cooling and dehumidification, and metal filter filtration on the waste gas through a pretreatment module. Subsequently, the pretreated waste gas is sent to the thermal oxidation decomposition (RTO) module, and the combustion chamber temperature is monitored and coordinated in real time. A data acquisition and fusion module continuously collects the RTO outlet temperature and the circulating liquid status of the alkaline scrubbing tower, fusing them into comprehensive status data. Based on this comprehensive data, the intelligent control decision module generates and issues control commands for the dry quenching module and the alkaline scrubbing purification module, achieving dynamic and coordinated adjustment of the spray water volume, alkali dosage, and circulating liquid heat dissipation rate. Simultaneously, key parameters such as the humidity of the quenching tower and the pressure difference of the alkaline scrubbing tower are monitored, triggering maintenance operations such as automatic drainage and backwashing.

[0049] To verify the beneficial effects of this invention, the center recorded and compared operational data for several consecutive months before and after adopting this invention. The following are the data analysis and effect verification results during the experiment.

[0050] During the thermal oxidation decomposition stage, the synergistic control mechanism of this invention demonstrates significant effectiveness. For example, on a certain morning, due to a batch of batteries with high electrolyte content entering the dismantling line, the concentration of organic matter in the exhaust gas surged. The device detected that the RTO combustion chamber temperature rapidly climbed from 850°C to near the safe upper limit threshold of 950°C within a short period. The intelligent control module immediately activated the high-temperature bypass valve, diverting 30% of the pre-treated exhaust gas around the combustion chamber, causing the combustion chamber temperature to drop and stabilize at 870°C within 2 minutes, effectively avoiding the risk of equipment overheating. Later that afternoon, due to the processing of batteries with low electrolyte content, the combustion chamber temperature dropped below the safe lower limit threshold of 820°C. The device then interlocked to increase the supply of natural gas auxiliary fuel, rapidly raising the temperature and maintaining it above 850°C, ensuring the complete decomposition of organic matter.

[0051] In the coordinated control of quenching and alkaline washing, data fusion and intelligent decision-making play a crucial role. The device weighted and fused the RTO outlet temperature with the pH value and temperature of the alkaline washing tower circulating liquid to generate comprehensive status data. When the upstream RTO outlet temperature rises, the device anticipates an increase in downstream heat load. The intelligent control decision module then increases the target spray water volume of the quenching tower and simultaneously increases the heat dissipation rate of the alkaline washing tower circulating liquid cooling unit. This ensures that the quenching tower outlet temperature and the alkaline washing tower circulating liquid temperature are consistently maintained near the target values ​​of 180℃ and 55℃, respectively, with fluctuations within ±5℃, guaranteeing optimal operating conditions for subsequent purification.

[0052] The intelligent maintenance function of this invention also improves the operational stability of the device. Due to the continuous treatment of high-fluoride waste gas, the differential pressure monitoring value of the circulating water circuit in the alkaline scrubbing tower gradually increased from the normal 25 kPa to more than the pressure alarm threshold of 40 kPa. The device automatically determined that salt crystallization blockage had occurred in the packing layer, and then triggered the backwashing procedure, using high-pressure water flow to flush the packing layer and pipelines, so that the differential pressure returned to the normal level within 30 minutes, avoiding manual shutdown for maintenance. Similarly, the humidity monitoring and automatic drainage device of the quench tower successfully handled the risk of condensation caused by fluctuations in operating conditions several times, ensuring the realization of "dry" quenching.

[0053] Data shows that by applying this invention, the overall efficiency and economy of the waste gas treatment device in the lithium battery recycling and processing center have been improved. Compared with traditional control methods, the temperature stability of the RTO combustion chamber is significantly improved, and auxiliary fuel consumption is reduced by approximately 18%; the energy consumption and chemical reagent consumption of the quenching and alkaline washing units are reduced by approximately 15% and 20%, respectively. At the same time, unplanned downtime caused by equipment blockage, corrosion, and other problems is reduced by more than 90%, ensuring continuous production and stable, compliant emissions of waste gas.

[0054] It should be noted that the electrical connections between the various units described above do not necessarily represent direct or indirect connections. Any indirect connection method can be applied to the embodiments of the present invention as long as it achieves the purpose of the present invention. The above descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0055] All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this invention are still within the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of this invention upon considering the specification and the disclosure of practical truth. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this invention that follow the general principles of this invention and include common knowledge or conventional techniques in the art not described herein.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method, characterized in that, The method includes: High-temperature exhaust gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling is obtained, and the high-temperature exhaust gas is filtered through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated exhaust gas. The pretreated waste gas is introduced into a regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it undergoes oxidation and decomposition in a combustion chamber containing ceramic filler that is resistant to high temperatures and halogen corrosion, generating high-temperature purified waste gas. The outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid status data of the alkaline scrubbing tower are collected and merged into comprehensive status data; Based on the comprehensive status data and combined with the real-time operating parameters of the quenching and alkaline washing processes, quenching control commands and alkaline washing control commands are generated. According to the rapid cooling control command, the high-temperature purified exhaust gas is subjected to dry rapid cooling treatment to generate dry-cooled exhaust gas at the outlet. The dry cooling exhaust gas is washed with alkaline solution according to the alkaline washing control command to generate qualified exhaust gas and then discharged.

2. The efficient and low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generated pretreated waste gas includes: The high-temperature exhaust gas is subjected to deep cooling and dehumidification to obtain low-humidity exhaust gas below a preset humidity threshold; The low-humidity waste gas is filtered through a metal filter cartridge to remove particulate matter, generating pretreated waste gas.

3. The efficient and low consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The generated high-temperature purified waste gas includes: Real-time monitoring of the temperature of the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer, generating real-time combustion chamber temperature data; The real-time combustion chamber temperature data is compared with a safe temperature threshold, and the pretreated exhaust gas is synergistically regulated based on the comparison result to obtain regulated exhaust gas. The regulated waste gas is introduced into the combustion chamber of the regenerative thermal oxidizer for oxidation and decomposition, generating high-temperature purified waste gas.

4. The efficient and low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the real-time combustion chamber temperature data exceeds the upper limit of the safe temperature threshold, the flow is diverted through a high-temperature bypass to reduce the calorific load of organic matter entering the combustion chamber and prevent overheating. When the real-time combustion chamber temperature data is lower than the lower limit of the safe temperature threshold, the interlock control increases the supply of natural gas auxiliary fuel to supplement the heat required for combustion and ensure complete decomposition of organic matter.

5. The efficient and low consumption intelligent treatment method for lithium battery exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fused integrated status data includes: The outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer is defined as an upstream parameter characterizing heat input, and the circulating liquid state data of the alkaline scrubbing tower is defined as a downstream parameter characterizing heat load and reaction state. Based on association rules and weighting coefficients, the upstream and downstream parameters are coupled and comprehensively quantified to form comprehensive state data.

6. The efficient and low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The generated rapid cooling control command includes: Based on the comprehensive status data, a target temperature value for controlling the outlet temperature of the quench tower is obtained. Real-time monitoring of the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the quench tower, generating real-time exhaust gas temperature data; The real-time exhaust gas temperature data is compared with the target temperature value to generate a rapid cooling control command.

7. The efficient and low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The alkaline washing control command includes: Based on the comprehensive status data, the target pH value and target temperature control value for alkaline washing tower operation are determined. Calculate the pH deviation between the real-time pH value of the circulating liquid in the alkaline washing tower and the target pH value, and the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature and the target value of the alkaline washing temperature control. Based on the pH deviation and the temperature deviation, a coupled calculation is performed to generate an alkaline washing control command.

8. The high-efficiency low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The generated dry cooling exhaust gas includes: According to the quench control command, the high-temperature purified waste gas is sprayed and cooled in the quench tower with a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating on the inner wall. Obtain a humidity alarm threshold for judging the risk of condensation inside the tower, and monitor the humidity inside the quench tower to generate real-time humidity data; When the real-time humidity data exceeds the humidity alarm threshold, the automatic drainage device is activated to discharge the condensate accumulated in the tower and generate dry cooling exhaust gas.

9. The high-efficiency low-consumption lithium battery exhaust gas intelligent treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The generation and emission of compliant waste gas includes: Obtain the alkaline washing control command, adjust the amount of alkaline solution added and the heat dissipation rate of the circulating fluid, and obtain the regulated circulating fluid; The dry cooling exhaust gas is introduced into an alkaline scrubbing tower and reacted countercurrently with the regulated circulating liquid to remove acidic substances. During the countercurrent contact reaction process, the pressure difference of the circulating water circuit is monitored in real time. When the pressure difference exceeds the pressure alarm threshold, a backwashing operation is performed on the circulating water circuit to generate compliant exhaust gas and discharge it.

10. The high-efficiency and low-consumption lithium battery waste gas intelligent treatment device is applied to the high-efficiency and low-consumption lithium battery waste gas intelligent treatment method in any of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The device includes: The pretreatment module is used to obtain high-temperature exhaust gas containing HF and exceeding a preset temperature threshold generated from lithium battery dismantling, and to filter the high-temperature exhaust gas through a metal filter cartridge to generate pretreated exhaust gas. The thermal oxidation decomposition module is used to introduce the pretreated waste gas into a regenerative thermal oxidizer, where it undergoes oxidation decomposition in a combustion chamber with built-in high-temperature and halogen corrosion-resistant ceramic filler to generate high-temperature purified waste gas. The data acquisition and fusion module is used to acquire the outlet temperature data of the regenerative thermal oxidizer and the circulating liquid status data of the alkaline washing tower, and fuse them into comprehensive status data. The intelligent control decision module is used to generate quench control commands and alkaline washing control commands based on the comprehensive status data and in combination with the real-time operating parameters of the quench treatment and alkaline washing treatment. The dry quenching module is used to perform dry quenching treatment on the high-temperature purified waste gas according to the quenching control command, and generate dry cooling waste gas at the outlet. The alkaline washing purification module is used to wash the dry cooling exhaust gas with alkaline solution according to the alkaline washing control command, generate qualified exhaust gas and discharge it.

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