Low-defect metal ceramic part additive manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-defect metal ceramic part additive manufacturing method, and relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and material processing.The method comprises the steps that ceramic powder and metal matrix powder are mixed; carrying out ball-milling homogenization on the composite powder; performing vacuum drying on the uniformly mixed composite powder; spraying the dried composite powder to the surface of a substrate through an electrostatic spraying technology; carrying out laser additive manufacturing on the sprayed substrate; and carrying out vacuum heat treatment on the fused and deposited metal ceramic part. According to the invention, the ball milling process is optimized, and the absolute ethyl alcohol dispersion medium and the electrostatic spraying technology are introduced, so that the powder mixing uniformity and the interface bonding performance are obviously improved; laser additive manufacturing and accurate control of heat treatment parameters further reduce internal defects and improve mechanical properties; the problems of insufficient interface bonding strength, high process complexity and unstable forming quality in the prior art can be effectively solved, and the industrial requirements of high-performance and low-cost metal ceramic parts are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing and material processing technology, and particularly relates to a low-defect cermet part additive manufacturing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of additive manufacturing technology, cermet parts have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and medical devices due to their excellent mechanical properties and wear and corrosion resistance. However, existing additive manufacturing technologies still face problems such as many internal defects and unstable forming quality when preparing cermet parts, which limits their further promotion and application.

[0003] After searching, a method for preparing low-defect cermet parts based on composite materials is disclosed in CN115464152B, which was published on January 23, 2024. In this patent, TiC and TiB2 ceramic powders are mixed and then compacted, and two metal foil sheets are used to cover the compression, effectively reducing the porosity between the ceramic particles and preventing the spatter of ceramic powder during the laser additive manufacturing process, thereby significantly reducing the internal defects of the parts. However, in this technical solution, the combination of ceramic powder and metal foil mainly relies on mechanical compaction, which may result in insufficient interfacial bonding strength and prone to delamination or interfacial defects during subsequent laser melting process. In addition, this method has high requirements for the pretreatment process of ceramic powder, especially the time and pressure parameters of drying and compaction steps need to be strictly controlled, which increases the process complexity and cost.

[0004] After searching, a method for preparing WC-Co-containing cermet bearing steel composite material is disclosed in CN115478271A, which was published on December 16, 2022. In this patent, WC-Co cermet reinforced powder is added to GCr15 bearing steel matrix powder, and SLM technology is used to prepare the composite material. This method uses a planetary ball mill to mix the mixed powder thoroughly, avoiding the problem of uneven microstructure of the sample during additive manufacturing, and ensuring the performance of the formed parts. However, in this technical solution, the mixing uniformity of WC-Co cermet powder and bearing steel matrix powder is sensitive to ball milling time and process parameters, and if the mixing is not sufficient, local defects may exist in the formed parts. In addition, this method does not explicitly mention how to optimize the interfacial bonding performance between the ceramic and the metal matrix, which may affect the overall mechanical properties and service life of the final parts. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a low-defect cermet part additive manufacturing method to solve the problems of insufficient interfacial bonding strength, high process complexity and unstable forming quality in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A low-defect cermet part additive manufacturing method, comprising the following steps: Step S10: powder mixing, mixing ceramic powder and metal matrix powder in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 1:5 to obtain a composite powder; the ceramic powder is selected from at least one of TiC, TiB2, and WC, and the metal matrix powder is selected from at least one of stainless steel 316L, nickel-based alloy Inconel718, and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V; Step S20: ball milling homogenization, placing the composite powder in a planetary ball mill and ball milling for 2 to 4 hours at a rotation speed of 200 to 400 rpm to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; anhydrous ethanol is added as a dispersion medium during the ball milling process, and the amount of anhydrous ethanol is 1.5 to 2 times the mass of the composite powder; Step S30: vacuum drying, drying the uniformly mixed composite powder in a vacuum drying box at a drying temperature of 60 to 80℃ for 6 to 12 hours to obtain dried composite powder; Step S40: electrostatic spraying, spraying the dried composite powder onto the surface of the substrate by electrostatic spraying technology, with a spraying thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, a spraying voltage of 30 to 50 kV, and a spraying distance of 10 to 20 cm; Step S50: laser additive manufacturing, placing the sprayed substrate in a laser additive manufacturing device and performing layer-by-layer fusion deposition using a laser power of 200 to 400 W and a scanning speed of 500 to 800 mm / s to obtain a cermet part; Step S60: vacuum heat treatment, placing the fused and deposited cermet part in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heat treating at a temperature of 900 to 1100℃ for 2 to 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 5 to 10℃ per minute to complete the heat treatment process.

[0007] In the step S10, the particle size of the ceramic powder ranges from 1 to 10μm, and the particle size of the metal matrix powder ranges from 20 to 50μm; in the step S20, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball mill is 10:1 to 20:1, the ball milling medium is zirconia ball, and the environmental temperature is maintained at 20 to 30℃ during the ball milling process; in the step S40, the nozzle diameter of the electrostatic spraying equipment is 0.5 to 1mm, and the spraying gas pressure is 0.2 to 0.4MPa; in the step S50, the spot diameter of the laser additive manufacturing equipment is 0.1 to 0.2mm, and the laser wavelength is 1064nm; in the step S60, the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is to Pa, and the heating rate is 5 to 10℃ per minute.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present application are: In the powder mixing process of the present application, anhydrous ethanol is introduced as a dispersion medium, and the particle size difference between the ceramic powder and the metal matrix powder is designed to help achieve more uniform mixing effect during ball milling.

[0009] In the ball milling homogenization process of the present application, the design of the ball-to-material ratio and the use of zirconia balls ensure that the composite powder will not agglomerate during ball milling due to excessive energy input.

[0010] In the electrostatic spraying process of the present application, the optimized design of the nozzle diameter and the spraying air pressure ensures the uniformity and adhesion of the composite powder during spraying, avoiding the problem of insufficient interfacial bonding strength in traditional mechanical compaction processes.

[0011] In the laser additive manufacturing process of the present application, the optimized laser power and scanning speed parameters further reduce the probability of internal defects, and the selection of spot diameter and laser wavelength ensures efficient absorption and uniform distribution of laser energy in the composite powder.

[0012] In the vacuum heat treatment process of the present application, the control of vacuum degree and heating rate effectively avoids oxidation or thermal stress cracking of the parts during heat treatment, improving the overall mechanical properties and interfacial bonding strength of the parts.

[0013] The present application optimizes the mixing process of ceramic powder and metal matrix powder, applies electrostatic spraying technology, and designs the parameters of laser additive manufacturing and heat treatment process, improves the forming quality, solves the problems of insufficient interfacial bonding strength, high process complexity and unstable forming quality in the prior art, and meets the demand of high-performance, low-cost metal ceramic parts in the industrial field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the additive manufacturing method of the low-defect metal ceramic parts of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below, in order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear and apparent, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended to explain the present application, not to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of the present application by showing examples of the present application.

[0016] The application provides a low-defect cermet part additive manufacturing method, comprising the following steps: Step S10: powder mixing, mixing ceramic powder and metal matrix powder in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 1:5 to obtain a composite powder; the ceramic powder is selected from at least one of TiC, TiB2 and WC, and the metal matrix powder is selected from at least one of stainless steel 316L, nickel-based alloy Inconel718 and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V; Step S20: ball milling homogenization, placing the composite powder in a planetary ball mill, ball milling at a rotating speed of 200 to 400 rpm for 2 to 4 hours to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder; anhydrous ethanol is added as a dispersion medium during the ball milling process, and the amount of anhydrous ethanol is 1.5 to 2 times the mass of the composite powder; Step S30: vacuum drying, drying the uniformly mixed composite powder in a vacuum drying box at a drying temperature of 60 to 80℃ for 6 to 12 hours to obtain dried composite powder; Step S40: electrostatic spraying, spraying the dried composite powder onto the surface of the substrate by electrostatic spraying technology, the spraying thickness is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the spraying voltage is 30 to 50 kV, and the spraying distance is 10 to 20 cm; Step S50: laser additive manufacturing, placing the sprayed substrate in a laser additive manufacturing device, and layer-by-layer fusion deposition is carried out by using a laser power of 200 to 400 W and a scanning speed of 500 to 800 mm / s to obtain a cermet part; Step S60: vacuum heat treatment, placing the fused and deposited cermet part in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heat treating at a temperature of 900 to 1100℃ for 2 to 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 5 to 10℃ per minute to complete the heat treatment process.

[0017] In the step S10, the particle size of the ceramic powder is 1 to 10 μm, and the particle size of the metal matrix powder is 20 to 50 μm. The difference in particle size between the ceramic powder and the metal matrix powder helps to achieve more uniform mixing effect during the ball milling process.

[0018] In the step S20, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball mill is 10:1 to 20:1, the ball milling medium is zirconia ball, and the environmental temperature is maintained at 20 to 30℃ during the ball milling process. The design of the ball-to-material ratio and the use of zirconia balls ensure that the composite powder does not agglomerate during the ball milling process due to excessive energy input.

[0019] In the step S40, the nozzle diameter of the electrostatic spraying device is 0.5 to 1 mm, and the spraying air pressure is 0.2 to 0.4 MPa. The optimized design of the nozzle diameter and the spraying air pressure ensures the uniformity and adhesion of the composite powder during the spraying process.

[0020] In the step S50, the spot diameter of the laser additive manufacturing device is 0.1 to 0.2 mm, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm. The selection of the spot diameter and the laser wavelength ensures the efficient absorption and uniform distribution of the laser energy in the composite powder.

[0021] In the step S60, the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is 10^-3 to 10^-5 Pa, and the heating rate is 5 to 10 ℃ per minute. The control of the vacuum degree and the heating rate effectively avoids the oxidation or thermal stress cracking of the parts during the heat treatment process.

[0022] The following are four examples and three comparative examples provided, as follows: Example 1 TiC ceramic powder and stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder with a mass ratio of 1:3 were mixed to obtain a composite powder. The particle size range of the TiC ceramic powder was 1 to 5 μm, and the particle size range of the stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder was 30 to 50 μm. The composite powder was placed in a planetary ball mill, and the ball milling was carried out at a speed of 300 rpm for 3 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 15:1, zirconia balls as the ball milling medium, and anhydrous ethanol as the dispersion medium, with the amount of anhydrous ethanol being 1.8 times the mass of the composite powder. The milled composite powder was dried in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 70 ℃ for 8 hours. The dried composite powder was sprayed onto the substrate surface by electrostatic spraying technology, with a spraying thickness of 0.2 mm, a spraying voltage of 40 kV, a spraying distance of 15 cm, a spraying air pressure of 0.3 MPa, and a nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm. The sprayed substrate was placed in a laser additive manufacturing device, and layer-by-layer fusion deposition was carried out using a laser power of 300 W and a scanning speed of 600 mm / s, with a laser wavelength of 1064 nm and a spot diameter of 0.15 mm. The fused and deposited metal ceramic parts were placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, followed by cooling to room temperature at a rate of 8 ℃ per minute, with a vacuum degree of 10^-3 to 10^-5 Pa and a heating rate of 8 ℃ per minute. Pa, and a heating rate of 8 ℃ per minute.

[0023] Example 2 TiB2ceramic powder and nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 metal matrix powder with a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a composite powder. Among them, the particle size range of TiB2ceramic powder is 5 to 10 μm, and the particle size range of nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 metal matrix powder is 20 to 40 μm. The composite powder is placed in a planetary ball mill, and ball milling is carried out at a speed of 250 rpm for 4 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 20:1, zirconia balls as the ball milling medium, and anhydrous ethanol as the dispersion medium, with the amount of anhydrous ethanol being 2 times the mass of the composite powder. The ball-milled composite powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven, with a drying temperature of 80℃ and a drying time of 10 hours. The dried composite powder is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate by electrostatic spraying technology, with a spraying thickness of 0.3 mm, a spraying voltage of 50 kV, a spraying distance of 20 cm, a spraying gas pressure of 0.4 MPa, and a nozzle diameter of 1 mm. The sprayed substrate is placed in a laser additive manufacturing equipment, and layer-by-layer melting deposition is carried out using a laser power of 400 W and a scanning speed of 800 mm / s, with a laser wavelength of 1064 nm and a spot diameter of 0.2 mm. The metal ceramic parts after melting deposition are placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 1100℃ for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10℃ per minute, with a vacuum degree of Pa, and a heating rate of 10℃ per minute.

[0024] Example 3 WC ceramic powder and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix powder with a mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain a composite powder. Among them, the particle size range of WC ceramic powder is 1 to 5 μm, and the particle size range of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix powder is 20 to 30 μm. The composite powder is placed in a planetary ball mill, and ball milling is carried out at a speed of 200 rpm for 2 hours, with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, zirconia balls as the ball milling medium, and anhydrous ethanol as the dispersion medium, with the amount of anhydrous ethanol being 1.5 times the mass of the composite powder. The ball-milled composite powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven, with a drying temperature of 60℃ and a drying time of 6 hours. The dried composite powder is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate by electrostatic spraying technology, with a spraying thickness of 0.1 mm, a spraying voltage of 30 kV, a spraying distance of 10 cm, a spraying gas pressure of 0.2 MPa, and a nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm. The sprayed substrate is placed in a laser additive manufacturing equipment, and layer-by-layer melting deposition is carried out using a laser power of 200 W and a scanning speed of 500 mm / s, with a laser wavelength of 1064 nm and a spot diameter of 0.1 mm. The metal ceramic parts after melting deposition are placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 900℃ for 2 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5℃ per minute, with a vacuum degree of Pa, the heating rate is 5°C per minute.

[0025] Example 4 TiC and TiB2 ceramic powders with a mass ratio of 1:5 were mixed with stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder to obtain a composite powder. Among them, the particle size range of TiC ceramic powder is 1 to 5 pm, the particle size range of TiB2 ceramic powder is 5 to 10 pm, and the particle size range of stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder is 40 to 50 pm. The composite powder was placed in a planetary ball mill, ball milled for 3 hours at a speed of 400 rpm, the ball to powder ratio was 15:1, the ball milling medium was zirconia ball, and anhydrous ethanol was added as a dispersion medium during ball milling. The amount of anhydrous ethanol is 1.8 times the mass of the composite powder. The ball milled composite powder was dried in a vacuum drying oven, the drying temperature was 70°C, and the drying time was 8 hours. The dried composite powder was sprayed onto the substrate surface by electrostatic spraying technology, the spraying thickness was 0.2 mm, the spraying voltage was 40 kV, the spraying distance was 15 cm, the spraying gas pressure was 0.3 MPa, and the nozzle diameter was 0.8 mm. The sprayed substrate was placed in a laser additive manufacturing equipment, and parameters of laser power of 350 W and scanning speed of 700 mm / s were used for layer-by-layer fusion deposition, the laser wavelength was 1064 nm, and the spot diameter was 0.15 mm. The metal ceramic parts after fusion deposition were placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 1050°C for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 8°C per minute, and the vacuum degree was Pa, the heating rate is 8°C per minute.

[0026] Comparative Example 1 TiC ceramic powder with a mass ratio of 1:3 was mixed with stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder to obtain a composite powder. Among them, the particle size range of TiC ceramic powder is 1 to 5 pm, and the particle size range of stainless steel 316L metal matrix powder is 30 to 50 pm. The composite powder was placed in a planetary ball mill, ball milled for 3 hours at a speed of 300 rpm, the ball to powder ratio was 15:1, the ball milling medium was zirconia ball, but anhydrous ethanol was not added as a dispersion medium. The ball milled composite powder was dried in a vacuum drying oven, the drying temperature was 70°C, and the drying time was 8 hours. The dried composite powder was coated in a metal foil by mechanical compaction, and then placed in a laser additive manufacturing equipment, and parameters of laser power of 300 W and scanning speed of 600 mm / s were used for layer-by-layer fusion deposition, the laser wavelength was 1064 nm, and the spot diameter was 0.15 mm. The metal ceramic parts after fusion deposition were placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 1000°C for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 8°C per minute, and the vacuum degree was Pa, the heating rate is 8°C per minute.

[0027] Comparative Example 2 TiB2ceramic powder and nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 metal matrix powder with a mass ratio of 1:4 were mixed to obtain a composite powder. The particle size range of the TiB2ceramic powder was 5 to 10 pm, and the particle size range of the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 metal matrix powder was 20 to 40 pm. The mixed composite powder was not subjected to ball milling treatment after mixing, and anhydrous ethanol was not added as a dispersion medium. The mixed composite powder was coated in a metal foil by mechanical compaction, and then placed in a laser additive manufacturing device. Layer-by-layer fusion deposition was performed using a laser power of 400 W and a scanning speed of 800 mm / s, a laser wavelength of 1064 nm, and a spot diameter of 0.2 mm. The metal ceramic part after fusion deposition was placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 1100 °C for 4 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10 °C per minute, and the vacuum degree was Pa, and the temperature rising rate was 10 °C per minute.

[0028] Comparative Example 3 WC ceramic powder and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix powder with a mass ratio of 1:2 were mixed to obtain a composite powder. The particle size range of the WC ceramic powder was 1 to 5 pm, and the particle size range of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix powder was 20 to 30 pm. The composite powder was placed in a planetary ball mill, and ball milled at a speed of 200 rpm for 2 hours. The ball-to-powder ratio was 10:1, the ball milling medium was zirconia balls, and anhydrous ethanol was added as a dispersion medium during ball milling. The amount of anhydrous ethanol was 1.5 times the mass of the composite powder. The ball-milled composite powder was dried in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 60 °C for 6 hours. The dried composite powder was sprayed onto the surface of a substrate by electrostatic spraying technology. The spraying thickness was 0.1 mm, the spraying voltage was 30 kV, the spraying distance was 10 cm, the spraying gas pressure was 0.2 MPa, and the nozzle diameter was 0.5 mm. The sprayed substrate was placed in a laser additive manufacturing device, and layer-by-layer fusion deposition was performed using a laser power of 100 W and a scanning speed of 300 mm / s. The laser wavelength was 1064 nm, and the spot diameter was 0.1 mm. The metal ceramic part after fusion deposition was placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and heat treated at a temperature of 900 °C for 2 hours. Subsequently, the temperature was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 °C per minute, and the vacuum degree was Pa, and the temperature rising rate was 5 °C per minute.

[0029] In material design and application, the performance of the material is evaluated according to the values of porosity, interfacial bonding strength, and forming quality score: The porosity, i.e. the percentage of pore volume in the material to the total volume, directly affects the physical properties of the material and is an index for measuring the proportion of internal voids in the material. The lower the value, the more dense the material is. The interface bonding strength is used to reflect the bonding performance between different material layers or components and is a mechanical index for measuring the firmness of the combination between different components of the material. The higher the value, the better the performance. The forming quality score is used to comprehensively evaluate the process forming effect in the material preparation process, including structural integrity, surface quality and defect control. The higher the score, the better the quality.

[0030] The three indexes are related to each other: the porosity restricts the strength by affecting the effective bearing area and stress distribution; the interface bonding strength determines the synergistic working ability of the composite material; and the forming quality score is a direct reflection of the process optimization and performance balance.

[0031] According to the four embodiments and three comparative examples provided above, the corresponding final products, i.e. metal ceramics, are obtained. The performance of the metal ceramic material is measured according to the values of the three indexes, i.e. porosity, interface bonding strength and forming quality score.

[0032] The following is a table of performance index data of the final products of the comparative experiments: The above data shows that, compared with the porosity of the comparative examples, the porosity value of the embodiments is lower, indicating that the material of the embodiments is more dense; compared with the interface bonding strength of the comparative examples, the interface bonding strength value of the embodiments is higher, indicating that the firmness of the combination between different components of the material of the embodiments is higher; compared with the forming quality score, the forming quality score value of the embodiments is higher, indicating that the process forming effect of the material of the embodiments is better. In summary, the embodiments of the present application are superior to the comparative examples in terms of porosity, interface bonding strength and forming quality score, indicating that the performance of the final product material of the embodiments is better, fully verifying the effectiveness of the technical scheme of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for additive manufacturing of low-defect metal-ceramic parts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S10: Powder mixing, ceramic powder and metal matrix powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 1:5 to obtain composite powder; Step S20: Ball milling homogenization: Place the composite powder in a planetary ball mill and ball mill for 2 to 4 hours at a speed of 200 to 400 rpm to obtain a uniformly mixed composite powder. Step S30: Vacuum drying. The uniformly mixed composite powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 60 to 80°C for 6 to 12 hours to obtain the dried composite powder. Step S40: Electrostatic spraying, the dried composite powder is sprayed onto the substrate surface using electrostatic spraying technology; Step S50: Laser additive manufacturing, the coated substrate is placed in a laser additive manufacturing equipment, and layer-by-layer melt deposition is performed using parameters of laser power of 200 to 400W and scanning speed of 500 to 800mm / s to obtain metal-ceramic parts; Step S60: Vacuum heat treatment. The molten ceramic parts are placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace and held at a temperature of 900 to 1100°C for 2 to 4 hours. Then, they are cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 to 10°C per minute to complete the heat treatment process.

2. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the particle size range of the ceramic powder is 1 to 10 μm; the particle size range of the metal matrix powder is 20 to 50 μm.

3. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, the ball-to-material ratio of the planetary ball mill is 10:1 to 20:1, the grinding media is zirconia balls, and the ambient temperature is maintained at 20 to 30°C during the ball milling process.

4. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S40, the nozzle diameter of the electrostatic spraying equipment is 0.5 to 1 mm, the spraying air pressure is 0.2 to 0.4 MPa, the spraying thickness is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the spraying voltage is 30 to 50 kV, and the spraying distance is 10 to 20 cm.

5. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S50, the laser spot diameter of the laser additive manufacturing equipment is 0.1 to 0.2 mm, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm.

6. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S60, the vacuum degree of the vacuum heat treatment furnace is: arrive Pa, with a heating rate of 5 to 10 °C per minute.

7. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the ceramic powder is selected from at least one of TiC, TiB2, and WC; the metal matrix powder is selected from at least one of stainless steel 316L, nickel-based alloy Inconel 718, and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V.

8. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, during the ball milling process, anhydrous ethanol is added as a dispersion medium, and the amount of anhydrous ethanol is 1.5 to 2 times the mass of the composite powder; the ball milling time is 3 hours, and the ball-to-powder ratio is 15:

1.

9. The additive manufacturing method for low-defect metal-ceramic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S40, the coating thickness is 0.2 mm, the coating voltage is 40 kV, the coating distance is 15 cm, the coating air pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the nozzle diameter is 0.8 mm.

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