Composite elastic non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, and particularly discloses a composite elastic non-woven fabric, which consists of two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC (Carboxy Methylated Cellulose) short fiber non-woven fabric layer in the middle. The spun-bonded elastic fiber web layer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40 to 70 parts of polypropylene, 10 to 40 parts of POE (Polyolefin Elastomer), 5 to 30 parts of SEBS (Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene) and 0.5 to 3 parts of slipping agent; the CMC short fiber non-woven fabric layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-50 parts of CMC fibers, 5-30 parts of ES fibers, 30-70 parts of reinforced fibers and 5-15 parts of functional fibers. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite elastic non-woven fabric. The composite elastic non-woven fabric combines the high elasticity of the spun-bonded filaments and the water locking function of the CMC short fibers, the preparation process is simple, and the composite elastic non-woven fabric has good application prospects in the fields of high-end mask products, medical dressings, cooling patches and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nonwoven fabrics, and in particular to a composite elastic nonwoven fabric and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Nonwoven fabrics, with their unique fiber arrangement structure and special production process, have demonstrated outstanding application value in numerous fields, widely serving industries such as medical, hygiene, and packaging. Their fiber arrangement endows nonwoven fabrics with many advantages, such as good flexibility, breathability, and high production efficiency, making them indispensable in various application areas.

[0003] In the past, traditional elastic nonwoven fabrics were mostly composed of synthetic fibers. While these nonwoven fabrics made from synthetic fibers possess good elasticity and provide a relatively good user experience, they also have significant drawbacks. The most prominent of these is their poor water absorption and retention properties. In many practical applications, such as wound care in the medical field, materials need excellent absorbency to absorb wound exudate while simultaneously possessing a certain degree of water retention to maintain a moist wound environment and promote healing. However, traditional elastic nonwoven fabrics struggle to meet these requirements.

[0004] On the other hand, superabsorbent nonwoven fabrics are usually made from cellulose fibers through a hydroentangling process. While these nonwoven fabrics exhibit excellent water absorption properties, quickly absorbing large amounts of moisture, they suffer from low strength and poor elasticity. In applications requiring materials with certain tensile strength and elasticity, such as packaging applications that require frequent stretching or deformation, or hygiene products that demand a close fit, superabsorbent nonwoven fabrics fall short, limiting their application range.

[0005] In response to the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that it is necessary to develop a new type of nonwoven fabric with good mechanical properties, good resilience, and excellent liquid absorption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical deficiencies of existing technologies, this application provides a composite elastic nonwoven fabric with good elasticity and liquid absorption properties, and a method for preparing the same.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a composite elastic nonwoven fabric, which adopts the following technical solution: A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 40-70 parts polypropylene, 10-40 parts POE elastomer, 5-30 parts SEBS, and 0.5-3 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 10-50 parts CMC fiber, 5-30 parts ES fiber, 30-70 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5-15 parts functional fiber.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution and employing a sandwich structure of "two layers of spunbond elastic fiber web sandwiching CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric," a balance between high elasticity and excellent liquid absorption is achieved through the dual synergy of structure and components. The outer spunbond fiber web uses polypropylene as the matrix, POE provides elasticity, and SEBS improves phase morphology, enhancing POE dispersion and toughening effect. The three work synergistically to give the material high elongation at break and resilience, while a slip agent optimizes processing and user experience. The middle CMC short fiber layer utilizes the "chemical hydration" effect of carboxymethyl groups to achieve efficient liquid absorption and retention. ES fibers thermally bond to improve the brittleness of CMC and strengthen interlayer bonding, enhancing the fiber's mechanical strength, while functional fibers add added value. Structurally, the spunbond layer acts as a "mechanical skeleton" to ensure elasticity and fit, while the CMC layer acts as a "liquid absorption core" to provide porous liquid storage space. The two layers do not interfere with each other and support each other. The overall design allows the material to combine the high elasticity and rapid rebound of filaments with the efficient liquid absorption and moisturizing capabilities of short fibers, solving the pain point of traditional materials that struggle to balance elasticity and liquid absorption.

[0009] Preferably, the polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene or copolymer polypropylene.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the polypropylene is limited to either homopolymer polypropylene or copolymer polypropylene, allowing for flexible selection based on actual application needs. Homopolymer polypropylene possesses superior rigidity and mechanical strength, enhancing the structural stability of nonwoven fabrics; copolymer polypropylene, on the other hand, exhibits better toughness and processing fluidity, improving the smoothness of the spinning process and its compatibility with elastomer components. Both types of polypropylene are suitable for spunbond processes, providing adaptability support for the balance of elasticity and strength in spunbond elastic fiber webs, thus broadening the application possibilities of the material in different scenarios.

[0011] Preferably, the POE elastomer is a low-density ethylene-butene polyolefin elastomer with a melt index of 15-20 g / 10 min and a density of 0.860-0.870 g / cm³. 3 .

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the POE elastomer is identified as a low-density ethylene-butene polyolefin elastomer, and its melt index (15-20 g / 10 min) and density (0.860-0.870 g / cm³) are specified. 3) Parameters. This type of POE has better compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. The specific melt index ensures that it can be uniformly mixed with PP and SEBS during extrusion spinning, avoiding elastic defects caused by uneven component dispersion; the suitable density further optimizes the material's lightweight properties and elastic recovery ability, making the elongation at break and resilience of the spunbond layer more stable, and strengthening the elastic synergy with SEBS.

[0013] Preferably, the SEBS is a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer with a melt index of 10-20 g / 10 min (190℃ / 5 kg) and a styrene content of 20-30 wt%.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the types and key parameters of SEBS are clarified—hydrogenated styrene-butene-styrene block copolymers have higher structural stability and better aging resistance than non-hydrogenated similar products; the melt index of 10-20g / 10min (190℃ / 5kg) matches the processing window of PP and POE, ensuring the feasibility of blend spinning; the styrene content of 20-30wt% achieves a balance between elasticity and strength, both by improving the phase morphology to promote toughening of POE and by avoiding the decrease in elasticity caused by excessive styrene content, so that the spunbond layer can reduce strength loss while increasing the elongation at break, thus improving the elasticity durability of the material.

[0015] Preferably, the slip agent is one or more selected from erucamide, oleamide, fatty acid amide, and acetate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and selecting fatty acid amide slip agents such as erucamide and oleamide, these substances have good compatibility with polyolefin components and can be evenly dispersed inside and on the surface of the fiber during the spinning process. The core benefits are twofold: first, it reduces frictional resistance between fibers, minimizing filament breakage during spinning and improving web uniformity; second, it imparts a smooth feel to the nonwoven fabric surface, making it particularly suitable for skin-contact applications such as face masks and medical dressings, improving the "unfeeling skin contact" experience without affecting the material's elasticity and liquid absorption properties.

[0017] Preferably, the ES fiber is one or more of PE / PP bicomponent low-melting-point fiber or PE / PET bicomponent low-melting-point fiber.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, ES fibers are limited to PE / PP or PE / PET bicomponent low-melting-point fibers. The low-melting-point characteristics of the sheath layer and the high strength of the core layer of this type of core-sheath structure fiber complement each other. During the heat setting process of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric, the sheath layer can fully melt and exert its adhesive effect, effectively improving the defects of CMC fiber's high brittleness and poor adhesion, and strengthening the bonding force between CMC fiber and reinforcing and functional fibers; the core layer provides structural support for the short fiber layer, improves the tensile strength of the short fiber layer, and thus ensures the overall structural stability of the composite nonwoven fabric, avoiding delamination or damage during use.

[0019] Preferably, the reinforcing fiber is one of Lyocell, PLA, PET, PA6, or cotton fibers with round or irregular cross-sections.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solutions, the selected reinforcing fibers such as Lyocell, PLA, and PET all possess excellent mechanical properties and good processing adaptability. Circular or irregular cross-section designs can increase the cohesion between fibers and improve the structural density of the short-fiber nonwoven fabric layer. Among them, PET and PA6 fibers have high strength and wear resistance, significantly improving the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite nonwoven fabric, compensating for the insufficient strength of CMC fibers. Regenerated fibers such as Lyocell and PLA endow the material with environmentally friendly properties, meeting the green requirements of high-end products. At the same time, the irregular cross-section can increase the specific surface area of ​​the fibers, further enhancing liquid absorption performance.

[0021] Preferably, the functional fiber is one of silk fibroin fiber, chitosan fiber, alginate fiber, collagen fiber, and milk protein fiber.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, adding functional fibers can improve the performance of nonwoven fabrics on the one hand, and enrich the application scenarios of nonwoven fabrics on the other hand, that is, adding different functional fibers according to different needs.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a composite elastic nonwoven fabric, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing a composite elastic nonwoven fabric, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by opening, blending, carding, laying, heat setting, and winding CMC fiber, ES fiber, reinforcing fiber and functional fiber in a certain proportion. S2: Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of die A for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of die A for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the first high-elastic fiber. Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of the B die for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of the B die for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the second high-elastic fiber. S3: Add an unwinding device at the corresponding position between the A and B molds for unwinding the short fiber nonwoven fabric. The short fiber nonwoven fabric in step S1 is used as the middle layer, the first high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the upper layer, and the second high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the lower layer. After laying the web on the web forming curtain, pre-consolidating, reinforcing and bonding, and low-temperature setting, a composite elastic nonwoven fabric is obtained.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution and employing a process design of "pre-fabrication of short-fiber nonwoven fabric - simultaneous composite of two spunbond layers," efficient and stable production has been achieved. The S1 process, through standardized procedures from opening and mixing to heat setting, ensures uniform composition and structural stability of the CMC short-fiber layer. In the S2 process, a twin-screw extruder separately prepares high-elastic fibers, allowing for fine-tuning of the two component ratios to achieve differentiated performance adaptation of the upper and lower spunbond layers. The online simultaneous web laying and consolidation process in the S3 process ensures a tight bond between the intermediate short-fiber layer and the upper and lower spunbond layers, preventing interlayer delamination. The combination of pre-consolidation, reinforced bonding, and low-temperature setting guarantees stable and durable material elasticity. The overall process is seamlessly integrated, with a simple preparation flow, requiring no complex equipment, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0025] Preferably, the thermal consolidation method is hot rolling consolidation or hot air consolidation, with a hot rolling temperature of 150-175℃ and a linear pressure of 60-80 N / mm; a hot air temperature of 160-180℃ and a wind speed of 0.5-2.5 mm / s; and a low-temperature setting temperature of 10-30℃. The screw extruder temperature for both die A and die B is 190-250℃, and the spinning box temperature is 240℃-270℃; the basis weight of the spunbond elastic web is 5-15 g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 8-20 g / m². 2 .

[0026] By adopting the above technical solutions, the thermal bonding parameters (hot rolling 150-175℃, hot air 160-180℃) allow ES fibers to fully melt and bond, while avoiding high-temperature damage to the water absorption performance of CMC fibers; the screw and spinning box temperatures (190-50℃, 240℃-270℃) ensure that components such as PP and POE are completely melted and evenly dispersed, guaranteeing spinning quality; and the low-temperature setting at 10-30℃ locks in the internal structure of the material, reducing elasticity loss. In addition, the basis weight parameters of the spunbond layer (5-15g / m²) and the short fiber layer (8-20g / m²) enable the product to maintain its thinness while possessing sufficient strength and liquid absorption, meeting the skin-fitting needs of applications such as face masks and dressings.

[0027] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application uses a sandwich composite structure of "double spunbond viscoelastic fiber web layer sandwiched with CMC short fiber layer" as a carrier to construct a mechanical synergy system of "rigid support - elastic buffer - structural reinforcement"—in the outer spunbond layer, polypropylene serves as a rigid matrix to build a stable structural skeleton and provide basic strength; POE elastomer, with its flexible molecular chains, endows the material with deformation recovery ability and serves as the elastic core; SEBS plays a dual role as "compatibilizer - toughening agent", with its styrene segment being compatible with the crystalline region of polypropylene and its butene segment penetrating the POE molecular chains, effectively improving the dispersion morphology of POE in polypropylene, avoiding strength attenuation caused by elastomer agglomeration, and allowing the toughening effect of POE to be fully released, fundamentally improving elastic performance. Within the intermediate layer, ES fibers (PE / PP or PE / PET bicomponents) undergo heat setting and then melt, forming strong bonding nodes between CMC fibers and reinforcing fibers. This not only compensates for the low strength and brittleness of CMC fibers but also strengthens the interfacial bonding between the short fiber layer and the outer spunbond layer. The reinforcing fibers (such as PET and Lyocell) fill the strength gap with their excellent mechanical properties, creating a "two-way response" with the rigid support of the outer spunbond layer. In the entire system, the "elasticity-strength" synergy of the outer spunbond layer and the "reinforcement-bonding" synergy of the intermediate layer form a closed loop. The components complement each other functionally, and the interfacial interactions are tight, ultimately achieving a simultaneous leap in the strength and elasticity of the nonwoven fabric while fully preserving the liquid absorption advantages of CMC fibers. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0029] Among them, the homopolymer polypropylene was purchased from Sinopec. The copolymer polypropylene was purchased from ExxonMobil. POE elastomer (low-density ethylene-butene polyolefin elastomer) was purchased from ExxonMobil, with a melt index of 15-20 g / 10 min and a density of 0.860-0.870 g / cm³. SEBS (hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer) was purchased from Yueyang Petrochemical Company, with a melt index of 10-20 g / 10 min (190℃ / 5 kg) and a styrene content of 20-30 wt%. Erucamide was purchased from Clariant; oleamide, fatty acid amide, and acetate were purchased from Clariant. CMC fiber was purchased from Jiangsu Guoyuan Cellulose Co., Ltd.; ES fiber (PE / PP) was purchased from Shanghai Huafeng Microfiber Co., Ltd. ES fiber (PE / PET) was purchased from Shanghai Huafeng Microfiber Co., Ltd. Lyocell fiber (dissolving fiber) was purchased from Lenzing. The PP (polypropylene) fiber was purchased from Sinopec. PLA (polylactic acid) fibers were purchased from Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fiber was purchased from Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company; PA6 (polycaprolactam) fiber was purchased from Baling Petrochemical Company; PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) fiber was purchased from Sinopec Sichuan Vinylon Company. The cotton fibers with round or irregular cross-sections were purchased from Tianhong Textile Company; Silk fibroin fiber was purchased from Zhejiang Xingyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chitosan fiber, alginate fiber, collagen fiber, and milk protein fiber were purchased from Kangyichen Company.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0032] Among them, polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene, slip agent is erucamide, ES fiber is PE / PP bicomponent fiber, reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0033] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing composite elastic nonwoven fabric, the steps of which are as follows: S1: CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by opening, blending, carding, laying, heat setting, and winding CMC fiber, ES fiber, reinforcing fiber and functional fiber in a certain proportion. S2: Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of die A for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of die A for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the first high-elastic fiber. Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of the B die for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of the B die for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the second high-elastic fiber. S3: Add an unwinding device at the corresponding position between the A and B molds for unwinding the short fiber nonwoven fabric. The short fiber nonwoven fabric in step S1 is used as the middle layer, the first high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the lower layer, and the second high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the lower layer. After laying the web on the web forming curtain, pre-consolidating, reinforcing and bonding, and low-temperature setting, a composite elastic nonwoven fabric is obtained.

[0034] The heat-setting method is hot rolling or hot air setting, with a hot rolling temperature of 160℃ and a linear pressure of 70 N / mm; a hot air temperature of 170℃ and a wind speed of 1.5 mm / s; and a low-temperature setting temperature of 20℃. The screw extruder temperature for both die A and die B is 220℃, and the spinning box temperature is 255℃; the basis weight of the spunbond elastic web is 10g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 10 g / m². 2 .

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts polypropylene, 40 parts POE elastomer, 25 parts SEBS, and 3 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0037] Among them, polypropylene is copolymer polypropylene, slip agent is oleamide, ES fiber is PE / PP bicomponent fiber, reinforcing fiber is Lyocell fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0038] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing composite elastic nonwoven fabric, the steps of which are as follows: S1: CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by opening, blending, carding, laying, heat setting, and winding CMC fiber, ES fiber, reinforcing fiber and functional fiber in a certain proportion. S2: Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of die A for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of die A for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the first high-elastic fiber. Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of the B die for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of the B die for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the second high-elastic fiber. S3: Add an unwinding device at the corresponding position between the A and B molds for unwinding the short fiber nonwoven fabric. The short fiber nonwoven fabric in step one is used as the middle layer, the first component high elastic fiber in step one is used as the lower layer, and the second component high elastic fiber in step two is used as the lower layer. After laying the web on the web forming curtain, pre-consolidating, reinforcing and bonding, and low-temperature setting, a composite elastic nonwoven fabric is obtained.

[0039] The heat-setting method is hot rolling or hot air setting, with a hot rolling temperature of 150℃ and a linear pressure of 60 N / mm; a hot air temperature of 160℃ and a wind speed of 0.5 mm / s; and a low-temperature setting temperature of 10℃. The screw extruder temperature for both die A and die B is 190℃, and the spinning box temperature is 240℃; the basis weight of the spunbond elastic web is 10g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 10 g / m². 2 .

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 70 parts polypropylene, 10 parts POE elastomer, 5 parts SEBS, and 0.5 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0042] Among them, polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene, slip agent is fatty acid amide, ES fiber is PE / PET bicomponent fiber, reinforcing fiber is PP fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing composite elastic nonwoven fabric, the steps of which are as follows: S1: CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by opening, blending, carding, laying, heat setting, and winding CMC fiber, ES fiber, reinforcing fiber and functional fiber in a certain proportion. S2: Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of die A for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of die A for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the first high-elastic fiber. Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of the B die for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of the B die for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the second high-elastic fiber. S3: Add an unwinding device at the corresponding position between the A and B molds for unwinding the short fiber nonwoven fabric. The short fiber nonwoven fabric in step one is used as the middle layer, the first component high elastic fiber in step one is used as the lower layer, and the second component high elastic fiber in step two is used as the lower layer. After laying the web on the web forming curtain, pre-consolidating, reinforcing and bonding, and low-temperature setting, a composite elastic nonwoven fabric is obtained.

[0044] The heat-setting method is hot rolling or hot air setting, with a hot rolling temperature of 175℃ and a linear pressure of 80 N / mm; a hot air temperature of 180℃ and a wind speed of 2.5 mm / s; and a low-temperature setting temperature of 30℃. The screw extruder temperature for both die A and die B is 250℃, and the spinning box temperature is 270℃; the basis weight of the spunbond elastic web is 10g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 10 g / m². 2 .

[0045] Example 4

[0046] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts CMC fiber, 5 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0047] Among them, polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene, slip agent is acetamide, ES fiber is PE / PP bicomponent fiber, reinforcing fiber is PLA fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0048] The preparation method in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0049] Example 5

[0050] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 30 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 50 parts reinforcing fiber, and 10 parts functional fiber.

[0051] Among them, polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene, slip agent is acetamide, ES fiber is PE / PP bicomponent fiber, reinforcing fiber is PVA fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0052] The preparation method in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 10 parts CMC fiber, 30 parts ES fiber, 70 parts reinforcing fiber, and 15 parts functional fiber.

[0055] Among them, the polypropylene is homopolymer polypropylene, the slip agent is acetamide, the ES fiber is PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PA6 fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0056] The preparation method in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0057] Example 7

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that the basis weight of the spunbond elastic fiber web of the composite elastic nonwoven fabric in this example is 15 g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 20 g / m². 2 .

[0059] The preparation method in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0060] Example 8

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the basis weight of the spunbond elastic fiber web of the composite elastic nonwoven fabric in this example is 5 g / m². 2 The basis weight of CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is 10 g / m². 2 .

[0062] The preparation method in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0063] The functional fibers in the above embodiments can also be replaced with one of chitosan fibers, alginate fibers, collagen fibers, or milk protein fibers, depending on actual needs. Alternatively, they can be prepared from natural extracts such as artemisia, camellia, and oyster shells, or synthetic functional powders such as aerogel powder, through wet spinning or melt spinning, resulting in functional fibers with additional functions such as antibacterial, anti-mite, negative ion release, far-infrared radiation, odor neutralization, moisturizing, skin care, cooling sensation, and heat retention. Furthermore, the reinforcing fibers in the above embodiments can also be replaced with cotton fibers with round or irregular cross-sections.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises 50 parts polypropylene, 48 parts POE elastomer, and 2 parts slip agent by weight. The CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber by weight.

[0065] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0066] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0068] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0069] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 3 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises 70 parts polypropylene, 28 parts POE elastomer, and 2 parts slip agent by weight. The CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises 40 parts CMC fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 30 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber by weight.

[0071] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0072] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 4 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts viscose fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0074] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0075] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 5 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts cupro fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0077] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0078] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 6 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 20 parts viscose fiber, 20 parts cupro fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0080] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0081] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 7 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts Tencel fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0083] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0084] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 8 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts seaweed fiber, 15 parts ES fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0086] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, the reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0087] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0088] Comparative Example 9 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 40 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0089] The reinforcing fiber is PET fiber, and the functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0090] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 10 A composite elastic nonwoven fabric includes two spunbond elastic fiber web layers and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two spunbond elastic fiber web layers. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer comprises, by weight, 50 parts polypropylene, 30 parts POE elastomer, 18 parts SEBS, and 2 parts slip agent; the CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer comprises, by weight, 40 parts CMC fiber, 55 parts ES fiber, and 5 parts functional fiber.

[0092] Among them, ES fiber is a PE / PP bicomponent fiber, and functional fiber is silk fibroin fiber.

[0093] The preparation method for this comparative example is the same as that for Example 1.

[0094] Performance testing 1. Test Object Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-10: nonwoven fabrics.

[0095] 2. Test methods: The weight per unit area was determined according to GB / T24218.1-2009 standard; the tensile strength / elongation at break was determined according to GB / T3923.1-2013 standard; the water absorption ratio was determined according to GB / T24218.6-2010 "Textiles - Nonwovens - Test Methods - Part 6: Determination of Absorbency", where the test solution used was deionized water, the immersion time was 3 min, and the dripping time was 1 min; the air permeability was determined according to GB / T24218.15-201 standard.

[0096] In addition, the liquid retention rate and rebound rate were measured.

[0097] Liquid retention rate determination: The hanging draining method was adopted. After the sample was saturated with water, it was hung for 30 minutes and then its mass was weighed. Liquid retention rate = (mass after draining - dry weight) / dry weight * 100%.

[0098] Springback determination: The percentage of the total tensile length that the specimen recovers immediately after stress relief. Referencing GB / T24442.2-2022 and ISO20932-2:2020 standards, the tensile speed is 100 mm / min, the clamping distance is 100 mm, the target elongation is 150%, the retention time is 30 s, and the recovery time is 60 s. Data from the last cycle after three cycles is used for calculation.

[0099] 3. Test results: The results are shown in Table 1.

[0100] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0101] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-3, increasing the proportion of SEBS in the elastic nonwoven fabric system significantly increases the elongation at break, but simultaneously reduces its tensile strength. The core reason for this phenomenon is that SEBS effectively improves the phase morphology of the system, allowing the toughening effect of POE to be fully utilized, thereby inhibiting the initiation of early cracks caused by interfacial debonding. Conversely, when the proportion of PP increases and the proportion of SEBS decreases, although the tensile strength of the composite elastic fabric improves, its resilience significantly decreases. It is noteworthy that when the proportions of polypropylene, POE elastomer, and SEBS are 50%, 30%, and 18%, respectively, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience of the material achieve a relatively balanced and excellent level.

[0102] Furthermore, the results of Examples 4-6 also revealed the regulation law of CMC fiber content in the short-fiber nonwoven fabric layer: as the proportion of CMC fiber increases, the water absorption ratio and liquid retention rate of the composite elastic fabric increase simultaneously, but the tensile strength and elongation at break show a downward trend. This is mainly attributed to the low strength and poor adhesion of CMC fiber itself. However, when the proportions of CMC fiber, PE / PP bicomponent fiber, PET fiber, and silk fibroin fiber in the short-fiber nonwoven fabric layer are 40%, 15%, 30%, and 5%, respectively, a good balance can be achieved between the elasticity and water absorption and retention properties of the material.

[0103] The comparative experiments of Examples 1-3 further verified the role of the key components: when the POE elastomer and SEBS component in the elastic spunbond layer were removed, the elongation at break and resilience of the material decreased to varying degrees. This indicates that SEBS and POE elastomer formed a synergistic elasticity enhancement mechanism in the PP matrix, and the two together ensured the elastic properties of the material.

[0104] Examples 7-8 focus on the influence of the physical parameter of basis weight. The results show that as the basis weight of the material increases, the tensile strength of the composite elastic fabric increases accordingly, but the water absorption ratio decreases, showing an inverse correlation between physical properties and liquid absorption properties.

[0105] Comparative Examples 4-8, through component substitution experiments, highlighted the unique advantages of CMC fibers: when an equal amount of water-soluble CMC fibers in the short fiber layer were replaced with viscose, cuprammonium, or Tencel fibers commonly used in mask base fabrics, the liquid retention rate of the composite elastic fabric significantly decreased. The fundamental reason is that the strongly hydrophilic carboxymethyl groups in CMC fibers upgrade the material's liquid absorption mode from traditional physical adsorption to a more efficient "chemical hydration" process, thus endowing the material with ultra-high liquid absorption and retention capabilities. While replacing CMC fibers with water-soluble sodium alginate fibers could further improve the water absorption ratio and liquid absorption rate, CMC fibers exhibit a faster dissolution rate and more stable overall performance in cold water, making their application advantages even more prominent.

[0106] The experimental results of Comparative Examples 9-10 show that when ES fibers or reinforcing fibers are removed from the short-fiber nonwoven fabric layer, the tensile strength and resilience of the material decrease significantly. This is directly related to the functional positioning of the two types of fibers: ES fibers mainly play an adhesive role in the hot-rolled nonwoven fabric forming process, which not only effectively improves the brittleness defect of CMC fibers, but also strengthens the bonding effect between the short-fiber layer and the spunbond layer; while the reinforcing fiber PET plays a key supporting role in improving the overall tensile strength and elongation at break of the material.

[0107] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A composite elastic nonwoven fabric, characterized in that: It includes two layers of spunbond elastic fiber web and a CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer disposed between the two layers of spunbond elastic fiber web. The spunbond elastic fiber web layer includes 40-70 parts polypropylene, 10-40 parts POE elastomer, 5-30 parts SEBS, and 0.5-3 parts slip agent by weight. The CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric layer includes 10-50 parts CMC fiber, 5-30 parts ES fiber, 30-70 parts reinforcing fiber, and 5-15 parts functional fiber by weight.

2. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polypropylene is either homopolymer polypropylene or copolymer polypropylene.

3. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The POE elastomer is a low-density ethylene-butene polyolefin elastomer with a melt index of 15-20 g / 10 min and a density of 0.860-0.870 g / cm³.

4. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SEBS is a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer with a melt index of 10-20 g / 10 min (190℃ / 5 kg) and a styrene content of 20-30 wt%.

5. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip agent is one or more of erucamide, oleamide, fatty acid amide, and acetate.

6. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ES fiber is one or more of PE / PP bicomponent low-melting-point fiber or PE / PET bicomponent low-melting-point fiber.

7. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fiber is one of Lyocell, PLA, PET, PA6, or cotton fibers with round or irregular cross-sections.

8. The composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional fiber is one of the following: silk fibroin fiber, chitosan fiber, alginate fiber, collagen fiber, and milk protein fiber.

9. A method for preparing a composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: CMC short fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared by opening, blending, carding, laying, heat setting, and winding CMC fiber, ES fiber, reinforcing fiber and functional fiber in a certain proportion. S2: Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of die A for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of die A for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the first high-elastic fiber. Polypropylene, POE elastomer, SEBS and slip agent are mixed and then added to the screw extruder of the B die for extrusion melting, filtration, and then conveyed to the spinneret of the B die for confluence spinning and splitting to obtain the second high-elastic fiber. S3: Add an unwinding device at the corresponding position between the A and B molds for unwinding the short fiber nonwoven fabric. The short fiber nonwoven fabric in step S1 is used as the middle layer, the first high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the upper layer, and the second high elastic fiber in step S2 is used as the lower layer. After laying the web on the web forming curtain, pre-consolidating, reinforcing and bonding, and low-temperature setting, a composite elastic nonwoven fabric is obtained.

10. The method for preparing a composite elastic nonwoven fabric according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heat-setting method is hot rolling or hot air setting, with a hot rolling temperature of 150-175℃ and a linear pressure of 60-80 N / mm; a hot air temperature of 160-180℃ and a wind speed of 0.5-2.5 mm / s; and a low-temperature setting temperature of 10-30℃. The screw extruder temperature for both die A and die B is 190-250℃, and the spinning box temperature is 240℃-270℃; the basis weight of spunbond elastic web is 5-15g / m², and the basis weight of CMC staple fiber nonwoven fabric is 8-20g / m².

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