Underground blasting method capable of reducing underground blasting vibration loss

Abstract

The invention relates to an underground blasting method capable of reducing underground blasting vibration loss, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, arranging a vibration isolation wall; secondly, blast holes are formed in the explosion area; thirdly, all the blast holes are filled with explosives and detonators; the explosives in the first blast hole and the second blast hole are detonated at the same time at the first moment, the explosives in the third blast hole are detonated at the second moment, the explosives in the fourth blast hole and the fifth blast hole are detonated at the same time at the third moment, the first moment is earlier than the second moment, and the second moment is located between the first moment and the third moment; the first moment is before the earthwork exploded by the first blast hole falls to the ground, and the third moment is before the earthwork exploded by the first blast hole falls to the ground and the earthwork exploded by the third blast hole falls to the ground. The method has the advantages of small influence on surrounding objects and high blasting efficiency, and solves the problems of large influence on surrounding objects and low blasting efficiency of layer-by-layer opening blasting in existing blasting construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting construction technology, and in particular to an underground blasting method that can reduce vibration damage during underground blasting. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering construction, it is common to encounter situations where excavation is required in the ground area within existing building complexes. Furthermore, when the ground is hard, blasting is often necessary, which can significantly impact surrounding buildings. Moreover, existing blasting methods require burying several explosive charges on a flat surface, clearing away the blasted soil after each explosion, and then repeating the process. Because the location of the blast holes needs to be measured and positioned for each explosion, the efficiency of the blasting process is low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide an underground blasting method that minimizes the impact on surrounding objects, maximizes blasting efficiency, and reduces vibration damage from underground blasting. This solves the problems of existing blasting methods that have a significant impact on surrounding objects and low blasting efficiency due to layer-by-layer opening and blasting.

[0004] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: an underground blasting method that can reduce vibration damage from underground blasting, characterized by the following steps: First, setting up a vibration isolation wall: a diaphragm wall of concrete structure is set up around the perimeter of the area to be blasted and removed for vibration isolation; Second, forming blast holes in the blasting area: the blast holes include several groups of blast holes distributed horizontally, the blast holes in the same group are located on the same vertical plane, the blast holes in the same group are respectively the first blast hole, the second blast hole, the third blast hole, the fourth blast hole and the fifth blast hole, the first blast hole and the second blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the fourth blast hole and the fifth blast hole are located on a second horizontal line, the first horizontal line is above the second horizontal line, the first blast hole and the fourth blast hole are located on a first vertical line, the second blast hole and the third ... second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first vertical line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the third blast hole are located on a first horizontal line, the second blast hole and the The first and fifth blast holes are located on a second vertical line, the first and fifth blast holes are located on a first diagonal line, the fourth and second blast holes are located on a second diagonal line, and the third blast hole is located at the intersection of the first and second diagonal lines. The third step involves loading explosives and detonators into each blast hole. The fourth step is detonation: at the first moment, the explosives in the first and second blast holes are detonated simultaneously; at the second moment, the explosives in the third blast hole are detonated simultaneously; at the third moment, the explosives in the fourth and fifth blast holes are detonated simultaneously. The first moment is earlier than the second moment, and the second moment is between the first and third moments. The first moment is before the soil ejected from the first blast hole falls to the ground, and the third moment is before the combined soil ejected from the first and third blast holes falls to the ground. This effectively prevents vibrations from being transmitted to the periphery of the blast area and interfering with surrounding objects. It also provides good loosening effect in the depth direction of the blast zone. The lower layer of soil experiences less pressure during the explosion, which is equivalent to the upper layer of soil being removed during the explosion. This allows for a multi-layer explosion effect when multiple layers are opened and the bomb is laid, thus reducing the borehole positioning time and improving the explosion efficiency.

[0005] Preferably, the diaphragm wall contains several strings of rubber tires distributed along its extension direction. Each string of rubber tires is an outer tire, and each rubber tire has an annular groove for accommodating an inner tire. The opening of the annular groove is sealed by an elastic sealing sheet. Several compression springs are distributed circumferentially within the annular groove, and these springs extend and contract axially along the rubber tire. The two ends of each compression spring are connected to the two sidewalls of the annular groove. The axis of the rubber tire extends along the thickness direction of the diaphragm wall. This design enhances vibration isolation and energy absorption, allowing for vibration isolation and energy absorption when blast waves arrive at the blast zone at different times. In contrast, if the structure is only reinforced concrete, it may not be able to recover after damage on one side, and its energy absorption effect will be poor.

[0006] Preferably, a steel plate is also fixed to the rubber tire to cover the hole for mounting the rubber tire to the wheel hub. The steel plate is located on the side of the rubber tire facing the space enclosed by the diaphragm wall. This allows more energy to be transferred to the rubber tire and spring for dissipation.

[0007] Preferably, the steel plate is fixed with a plurality of hooks distributed along the axial direction of the rubber tire. The hooks are hooked into the annular groove, and the elastic sealing sheet seals the groove to the rubber tire. The connection is reliable and simple.

[0008] Preferably, the hook is a metal structure and is welded to the steel plate. This results in a compact structure.

[0009] Preferably, the hook is provided with an inclined guide section, which guides the sidewall of the mounting groove to contract, allowing the hook head to enter the mounting groove. The rubber tire is aligned with all the hooks, and then the rubber tire and steel plate are closed to assemble the steel plate and rubber tire. Assembling the rubber tire and steel plate is convenient.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting ring is fitted onto the rubber tire, and suspension rods are provided at both ends of the connecting ring along the radial direction of the rubber tire. The connecting ring has two mounting holes located on both sides of the axial direction of the rubber tire. A connecting screw passes through the center of the steel plate, the rubber tire, and the two mounting holes, and is then connected to a mounting nut. The suspension rods of the connecting rings of two adjacent rubber tires are connected together, thereby connecting the rubber tires in a string. This provides a technical solution for connecting adjacent rubber tires together.

[0011] Preferably, the suspension rod is provided with a suspension hole, and the suspension bolt passes through the suspension hole on the suspension rod of the two adjacent tires and is then connected to the suspension nut.

[0012] Preferably, the rubber tire is further fitted with a sealing plate that covers the hole for mounting the rubber tire to the wheel hub, and the sealing plate and the steel plate are located at both axial ends of the rubber tire. This enables the rubber tire to have a more reliable deformation energy absorption effect.

[0013] Preferably, the process of forming boreholes in the explosion zone is as follows: A first oblique hole is formed, connecting the first, third, and fifth boreholes, with the first, third, and fifth boreholes located below the first oblique hole. A borehole forming tool is used to form the first, third, and fifth boreholes through the first oblique hole. A second oblique hole is formed, connecting the second, third, and fourth boreholes, with the second, third, and fourth boreholes located below the second oblique hole. A borehole forming tool is used to form the second and fourth boreholes through the second oblique hole. A third step is performed through the first and second oblique holes. This method avoids the situation where the borehole channel is vertical, resulting in insufficient compaction of the filling material and a large amount of wasted blast energy.

[0014] Preferably, the borehole forming tool includes a guide tube with a closed inner end, a push rod inserted inside the guide tube, and a bendable push head at the inner end of the push rod for ejecting the borehole. The inner end of the guide tube has a push head through hole for the push head to extend out. The inner end face of the guide tube is an arc surface, and the surface where the push head through hole contacts the arc surface is a guide plane tangent to the arc surface. When the guide tube is inserted into the first or second inclined hole and the push head through hole faces downward, the guide plane is vertical. Extending further, the mandrel includes a root section connected at one end to the mandrel via a first hinge axis, a middle section connected at one end to the other end of the root section via a second hinge axis, and a terminal section connected at one end to the other end of the middle section via a third hinge axis. The mandrel has a mandrel limiting rod on the side of the mandrel away from the mandrel through-hole, which passes through a root section limiting notch on the root section. The root section limiting notch and the mandrel limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the first hinge axis. The root section rotates about the first hinge axis until the mandrel limiting rod abuts against the root section limiting rod. When the root segment and the top rod are aligned within the notch, the root segment and the top rod are in a straight line. A root segment limiting rod is provided on the side of the root segment away from the top hole, passing through a mid-section limiting notch on the middle segment. The mid-section limiting notch and the root segment limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the second hinge axis. When the middle segment rotates about the second hinge axis until the root segment limiting rod abuts against the mid-section limiting notch, the middle segment and the root segment are in a straight line. A mid-section limiting notch is provided on the side of the middle segment away from the hole, passing through a final segment limiting notch on the final segment. The limiting rods, the limiting notch at the end, and the limiting rod at the middle are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the third hinge axis. When the end section rotates around the third hinge axis until the limiting rod at the middle abuts against the limiting notch at the end section, the end section and the middle section are aligned in a straight line. The first, second, and third hinge axes are parallel. When forming a blast hole through the first oblique hole, the first blast hole is formed first, then the third blast hole, and finally the fifth blast hole. When forming a blast hole through the second oblique hole, the second blast hole is formed first, then the fourth blast hole. When forming a blast hole, the mandrel through hole is aligned with the position for forming the blast hole, and then the mandrel is retracted into the downward guide tube, causing the mandrel to be ejected from the mandrel through hole, thus forming the blast hole. A guide plane is provided to guide the mandrel to extend vertically, ensuring that the blast hole is vertical.

[0015] Preferably, the end face of the distal segment furthest from the middle segment is beveled, forming a pointed tip at the end of the distal segment. The beveled surface forming the pointed tip and the limiting notch of the distal segment are located on opposite sides of the distal segment. This allows the propellant to maintain vertical forward movement even when it loses the limiting position of the guide plane, ensuring precise control of the borehole.

[0016] Preferably, the top rod is composed of several top rod segments detachably connected together; the guide tube is composed of several guide tube segments detachably connected together. This allows for adjustment of lengths when performing shallow or deep construction, facilitating deeper construction.

[0017] Preferably, between two adjacent push rod segments, one push rod segment has a push rod part connecting threaded hole, and the other push rod segment has a push rod part connecting threaded head. The push rod part connecting threaded head is threaded into the push rod part connecting threaded hole, detachably connecting the two push rod segments together. Similarly, between two adjacent guide tube segments, one guide tube segment has a guide tube part connecting threaded hole, and the other guide tube segment has a guide tube part connecting threaded head. The guide tube part connecting threaded head is threaded into the guide tube part connecting threaded hole, detachably connecting the two guide tube segments together. This connection is convenient.

[0018] Preferably, when loading explosives and detonators, the fourth and fifth boreholes are loaded first, followed by the third borehole, and finally the first and second boreholes. This improves the accuracy of the loading process.

[0019] Preferably, after the fourth and fifth blast holes are filled, the first and second inclined holes are filled with soil until they are flush with the third blast hole. After the third blast hole is filled, the first inclined hole is filled with soil until it is flush with the first blast hole, and the second inclined hole is filled with soil until it is flush with the second blast hole. After the first and second blast holes are filled, the first and second inclined holes are completely filled with soil. This further ensures the accuracy of the filling process.

[0020] Preferably, the upper end of the first borehole away from the second borehole has a widened groove, the upper end of the second borehole away from the first borehole has a widened groove, the upper end of the fourth borehole facing the fifth borehole has a widened groove, and the upper end of the fifth borehole facing the fourth borehole has a widened groove. Explosives are loaded into the widened grooves of the fourth and fifth boreholes, positioned below the widened grooves of the first and second boreholes. This improves the reliability of loosening the blast zone.

[0021] Preferably, the explosive is loaded using an explosive filling cylinder. The outer diameter of the filling cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the first oblique hole and the diameter of the second oblique hole so that the lead wire can pass through the gap between the diameters of the filling cylinder and the oblique holes. The inner end of the filling cylinder is a closed structure, and an explosive outlet hole is provided on the side wall of the inner end of the filling cylinder. The loading process is as follows: align the explosive outlet hole with the corresponding borehole, and then introduce the explosive into the filling cylinder so that the explosive enters the borehole.

[0022] Preferably, the inner end of the explosive filling tube is provided with a tapered head. This allows the lead wire located outside the third borehole to be easily pushed aside when the explosive filling tube passes over it, reliably preventing damage to the lead wire when inserting the explosive filling tube.

[0023] The present invention has the following advantages: the use of diaphragm walls for vibration isolation reduces the impact on surrounding objects during an explosion. Modified rubber tires are installed inside the diaphragm walls for vibration isolation, resulting in good energy absorption. The blast holes are constructed via oblique holes, reducing unnecessary energy waste during the explosion. Specialized tools are used to form the blast holes, facilitating their formation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the area being blasted during borehole construction. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion at point B; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the completed blast hole formation. Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the area being blasted and loaded with explosives. Figure 6 A top-down view of the bombardment area; Figure 7 Sectional view of diaphragm wall Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Area to be blasted and removed; 2. Diaphragm wall; 3. First blast hole; 4. Second blast hole; 5. Third blast hole; 6. Fourth blast hole; 7. Fifth blast hole; 8. Explosive; 9. Detonator; 10. Rubber tire; 11. Elastic sealing plate; 12. Compression spring; 13. Steel plate; 15. Hook; 16. Sloping guide section; 17. Connecting ring; 18. Suspension rod; 19. Connecting screw; 21. Mounting nut; 22. Support frame; 23. Ground; 24. Suspension bolt; 25. Suspension nut; 26. Sealing plate; 27. First sloping hole; 28. Second sloping hole; 29. ​​Guide tube; 30. Top rod; 31. Top head; 32. Top head through hole; 33. Inner end face of guide tube; 34. Surface of top head through hole with the same arc face; 35. First hinge shaft intersection; 36. Root section; 37. Second hinge. Shaft 38, middle section 39, third hinge shaft 40, end section 41, root section limiting notch 42, top rod limiting rod 43, middle section limiting notch 44, root section limiting rod 45, end section limiting notch 46, middle section limiting rod 47, end face of the end of the end section away from the middle section 48, pointed head 49, top rod segment 50, guide tube segment 51, top rod connecting threaded hole 52, top rod connecting threaded head 53, guide tube connecting threaded hole 54, guide tube connecting threaded head 55, first blast hole widening groove 56, second blast hole widening groove 57, fourth blast hole widening groove 58, fifth blast hole widening groove 59, explosive filling tube 2, lead wire 20, explosive output hole 60, conical head 61, explosive 62. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See Figures 1 to 8An underground blasting method capable of reducing vibration damage during underground blasting comprises the following steps: First, a vibration isolation wall is constructed: a diaphragm wall 2 of concrete structure is constructed around the perimeter of the area 1 to be blasted and removed for vibration isolation. Second, blast holes are formed in the blasting area: the blast holes include several groups of blast holes distributed horizontally, with the blast holes in the same group located on the same vertical plane. The blast holes in the same group are designated as blast hole 4 (first blast hole), blast hole 5 (second blast hole), blast hole 6 (third blast hole), blast hole 7 (fourth blast hole), and blast hole 8 (fifth blast hole). The first and second blast holes are located on a first horizontal line, the fourth and fifth blast holes are located on a second horizontal line, the first horizontal line is above the second horizontal line, the first and fourth blast holes are located on a first vertical line, and the second and fifth blast holes are located on a... On the second vertical line, the first and fifth blast holes are located on the first diagonal line, the fourth and second blast holes are located on the second diagonal line, and the third blast hole is located at the intersection of the first and second diagonal lines; the third step is to fill each blast hole with explosive 9 and detonator 10; the fourth step is to detonate: at the first moment, the explosives in the first and second blast holes are detonated simultaneously, at the second moment, the explosives in the third blast hole are detonated simultaneously, and at the third moment, the explosives in the fourth and fifth blast holes are detonated simultaneously. The first moment is earlier than the second moment, the second moment is between the first and third moments, the first moment is before the soil blown up by the first blast hole falls to the ground, and the third moment is before the sum of the soil blown up by the first blast hole and the soil blown up by the third blast hole falls to the ground.

[0028] A series of rubber tires 11, distributed along the extension direction of the diaphragm wall, are cast inside the diaphragm wall. Each rubber tire has an annular groove for accommodating an inner tube, the opening of which is sealed by an elastic sealing plate 12. Several compression springs 13, distributed circumferentially within the annular groove, extend and retract axially along the rubber tire, with their ends connected to the two sidewalls of the annular groove. The axis of the rubber tire extends along the thickness direction of the diaphragm wall. A steel plate 15, covering the holes for mounting the rubber tire hub, is fixed to the rubber tire. The steel plate is located on the side of the rubber tire facing the space enclosed by the diaphragm wall (i.e., the blasting area). Several hooks 16, distributed axially along the rubber tire, are fixed to the steel plate. The hooks hook into the annular groove, and the elastic sealing plate seals the groove with the rubber tire. The hooks are metal structures welded to the steel plate. Each hook has an inclined guide section 17, which guides the sidewall of the mounting groove to contract, allowing the hook head to enter the mounting groove. A connecting ring 18 is fitted onto the rubber tire. Suspension rods 19 are located at both ends of the connecting ring along the radial direction of the rubber tire. The connecting ring has two mounting holes located on both sides of the rubber tire's axial direction. A connecting screw 21 passes through the center of the steel plate, the rubber tire, and the two mounting holes, and is then connected to a mounting nut 22. The suspension rods of two adjacent rubber tires are connected together, thus forming a tire string. The tire string is supported on the ground 24 by a support frame 23 connected to the suspension hole of the uppermost suspension rod. The suspension rods have suspension holes, and suspension bolts 25 pass through the suspension holes on the suspension rods of two adjacent tires and are then connected to suspension nuts 26. A sealing plate 27 is also fixed to the rubber tire, covering the holes for mounting the rubber tire to the wheel hub. The sealing plate and the steel plate are located at both ends of the rubber tire's axial direction.

[0029] The process of forming boreholes in the explosion zone is as follows: A first oblique hole 28 is formed, connecting the first, third, and fifth boreholes. The first, third, and fifth boreholes are located below the first oblique hole. A borehole forming tool is used to form the first, third, and fifth boreholes through the first oblique hole. Specifically, the first oblique hole is first formed to the position of the first borehole, forming the first borehole; then the first oblique hole is formed to the position of the third borehole, forming the third borehole; finally, the first oblique hole is completed, forming the fifth borehole. A second oblique hole 29 is formed, connecting the second, third, and fourth boreholes. The second, third, and fourth boreholes are located below the second oblique hole. A borehole forming tool is used to form the second and fourth boreholes through the second oblique hole. Specifically, the second oblique hole is first formed to the position of the second borehole, forming the second borehole; then the second oblique hole is completed, forming the fourth borehole. The third step is performed through the first and second oblique holes.

[0030] The borehole forming tool includes a guide tube 30 with its inner end closed, a push rod 31 passing through the guide tube, a bendable push head 32 at the inner end of the push rod for ejecting the borehole, a push head through hole 33 at the inner end of the guide tube for the push head to extend, an inner end face 34 of the guide tube being an arc surface, and a guide plane 35 tangent to the arc surface where the push head through hole is connected. When the guide tube passes through a first or second inclined hole and the push head through hole faces downwards, the guide plane extends vertically. The push head includes a push head through a first inclined hole. The hinge shaft 36 connects to the root section 37 on the push rod, one end of which is connected to the middle section 39 via the second hinge shaft 38 at the other end of the root section, and one end of which is connected to the end section 41 via the third hinge shaft 40 at the other end of the middle section. A push rod limiting rod 43 is provided on the side of the push rod away from the through hole of the push head, passing through the root section limiting notch 42 on the root section. The root section limiting notch and the push rod limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the first hinge shaft. The root section rotates around the first hinge shaft until the push rod limiting rod abuts against the root section limiting notch. When the root segment and the push rod are aligned, the root segment is positioned on a straight line. A root segment limiting rod 45 is provided on the side of the root segment away from the push rod through the through hole, passing through a mid-segment limiting notch 44 on the mid-segment. The mid-segment limiting notch and the root segment limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the second hinge axis. When the mid-segment rotates around the second hinge axis until the root segment limiting rod abuts against the mid-segment limiting notch, the mid-segment and root segment are aligned. A mid-segment limiting rod 45 is provided on the side of the mid-segment away from the through hole, passing through a final segment limiting notch 46 on the final segment. Position rod 47, the end section limiting notch and the middle section limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the third hinge axis. When the end section rotates around the third hinge axis until the middle section limiting rod abuts in the end section limiting notch, the end section and the middle section are on a straight line. The first hinge axis, the second hinge axis and the third hinge axis are parallel. When forming a blast hole through the first inclined hole, the first blast hole is formed first, then the third blast hole is formed, and finally the fifth blast hole is formed. When forming a blast hole through the second inclined hole, the second blast hole is formed first, then the fourth blast hole is formed. When forming a blast hole, the mandrel through hole is aligned with the position of forming the blast hole, and then the mandrel is retracted into the downward guide tube, so that the mandrel is pushed out from the mandrel through hole, thereby forming the blast hole. The end face 48 of the end section away from the middle section is inclined, so that the end of the end section forms a pointed tip 49. The inclined surface forming the pointed tip and the end section limiting notch are located on two opposite sides of the end section. The push rod is composed of several push rod segments 50 detachably connected together; the guide tube is composed of several guide tube segments 51 detachably connected together. Between two adjacent push rod segments, one push rod segment is provided with a push rod part connecting threaded hole 52, and the other push rod segment is provided with a push rod part connecting threaded head 53. The push rod part connecting threaded head is threaded into the push rod part connecting threaded hole to detachably connect the two push rod segments together; between two adjacent guide tube segments, one guide tube segment is provided with a guide tube part connecting threaded hole 54, and the other guide tube segment is provided with a guide tube part connecting threaded head 55. The guide tube part connecting threaded head is threaded into the guide tube part connecting threaded hole to detachably connect the two guide tube segments together.

[0031] When loading explosives and detonators, first load the fourth and fifth boreholes, then load the third borehole, and finally load the first and second boreholes. After the fourth and fifth boreholes are loaded, fill the first and second inclined boreholes with soil until they are flush with the third borehole. After the third borehole is loaded, fill the first inclined borehole with soil until it is flush with the first borehole, and the second inclined borehole with soil until it is flush with the second borehole. After the first and second boreholes are loaded, fill the first and second inclined boreholes completely with soil.

[0032] The upper end of the first borehole away from the second borehole has a widened groove 56 for the first borehole portion; the upper end of the second borehole away from the first borehole has a widened groove 57 for the second borehole portion; the upper end of the fourth borehole facing the fifth borehole has a widened groove 58 for the fourth borehole portion; and the upper end of the fifth borehole facing the fourth borehole has a widened groove 59 for the fifth borehole portion. 62 explosive charges are loaded through an explosive filling cylinder 2. The outer diameter of the explosive filling cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the first inclined hole and smaller than the diameter of the second inclined hole so that the lead wire 20 can pass through the gap between the diameters of the explosive filling cylinder and the inclined holes. The inner end of the explosive filling cylinder is a closed structure, and an explosive output hole 60 is provided on the side wall of the inner end of the explosive filling cylinder. The inner end of the explosive filling cylinder has a conical head 61.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An underground blasting method capable of reducing vibration damage during underground blasting, characterized in that, Step 1: Vibration Isolation Wall Installation: Concrete diaphragm walls are installed around the perimeter of the area to be blasted and removed for vibration isolation. Step 2: Forming Blast Holes in the Blasting Area: Blast holes consist of several groups distributed horizontally. Holes within the same group are located on the same vertical plane. These holes are designated as the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth blast holes. The first and second blast holes are on a first horizontal line, and the fourth and fifth blast holes are on a second horizontal line. The first horizontal line is above the second horizontal line. The first and fourth blast holes are on a first vertical line, and the second and fifth blast holes are on a second vertical line. The fifth blast hole is located on a first oblique line, the fourth and second blast holes are located on a second oblique line, and the third blast hole is located at the intersection of the first and second oblique lines. The third step involves loading explosives and detonators into each blast hole. The fourth step is detonation: at the first moment, the explosives in the first and second blast holes are detonated simultaneously; at the second moment, the explosives in the third blast hole are detonated simultaneously; and at the third moment, the explosives in the fourth and fifth blast holes are detonated simultaneously. The first moment is earlier than the second moment, and the second moment is between the first and third moments. The first moment occurs before the soil ejected from the first blast hole falls to the ground, and the third moment occurs before the combined soil ejected from the first and third blast holes falls to the ground. This effectively prevents vibrations from transmitting to the periphery of the blast area and interfering with surrounding objects. It also provides good loosening effect in the depth direction of the blast zone.

2. The underground blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diaphragm wall contains a plurality of strings of rubber tires distributed along the extension direction of the diaphragm wall. Each string of rubber tires is an outer tire. Each rubber tire has an annular groove for accommodating an inner tire. The opening of the annular groove is sealed by an elastic sealing sheet. The annular groove contains a plurality of compression springs distributed circumferentially along the rubber tire. The compression springs extend and contract axially along the rubber tire. The two ends of the compression springs are connected to the two side walls of the annular groove. The axis of the rubber tire extends along the thickness direction of the diaphragm wall.

3. The underground blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rubber tire is also fixed with a steel plate that covers the hole for mounting the wheel hub. The steel plate is located on the side of the rubber tire facing the space enclosed by the diaphragm wall.

4. An underground blasting method for reducing vibration damage during underground blasting according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, A connecting ring is fitted onto the rubber tire. Suspension rods are provided at both ends of the connecting ring along the radial direction of the rubber tire. The connecting ring has two mounting holes located on both sides of the axial direction of the rubber tire. The connecting screw passes through the center of the steel plate, the rubber tire, and the two mounting holes and is connected to the mounting nut. The suspension rods of the connecting rings of two adjacent rubber tires are connected together, so that the rubber tires are connected in a string.

5. An underground blasting method according to claim 2 or 3 that can reduce vibration damage during underground blasting, characterized in that, The rubber tire is also fixed with a sealing plate that covers the hole for mounting the rubber tire to the wheel hub. The sealing plate and the steel plate are located at both ends of the rubber tire along the axial direction.

6. The underground blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of forming a borehole in the explosion zone is as follows: a first oblique hole is formed that can connect the first borehole, the third borehole, and the fifth borehole. The first borehole, the third borehole, and the fifth borehole are located below the first oblique hole. The first borehole, the third borehole, and the fifth borehole are formed by a borehole forming tool through the first oblique hole. A second oblique hole is formed that connects the second, third, and fourth blast holes. The second, third, and fourth blast holes are located below the second oblique hole. The second and fourth blast holes are formed by a blast hole forming tool through the second oblique hole. The third step is carried out through the first and second oblique holes.

7. The underground blasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The borehole forming tool includes a guide tube with a closed inner end, a push rod inserted inside the guide tube, and a bendable push head at the inner end of the push rod that ejects the borehole. The inner end of the guide tube has a push head through-hole for the push head to extend out. The inner end face of the guide tube is arc-shaped, and the surface where the push head through-hole contacts the arc-shaped surface is a guide plane tangent to the arc-shaped surface. When the guide tube is inserted into the first or second inclined hole with the push head through-hole facing downwards, the guide plane extends vertically. The push head includes a root section connected to the push rod at one end via a first hinge axis, a middle section connected to the other end of the root section via a second hinge axis, and a terminal section connected to the other end of the middle section via a third hinge axis. The push rod has a push rod limiting rod on the side away from the push head through-hole, passing through a root section limiting notch on the root section. The root section limiting notch and the push rod limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the first hinge axis. The root section rotates about the first hinge axis until the push rod limiting rod abuts against the root section limiting notch. The root section and the top rod are aligned in a straight line. A root section limiting rod is provided on the side of the root section away from the top through hole, passing through a mid-section limiting notch on the middle section. The mid-section limiting notch and the root section limiting rod are distributed in a direction perpendicular to the second hinge axis. When the middle section rotates about the second hinge axis until the root section limiting rod abuts against the mid-section limiting notch, the middle section and the root section are aligned in a straight line. A mid-section limiting rod is provided on the side of the middle section away from the through hole, passing through a final section limiting notch on the final section. Positioning rods, with the end section limiting notch and the middle section limiting rod distributed in a direction perpendicular to the third hinge axis, rotate the end section around the third hinge axis until the middle section limiting rod abuts against the end section limiting notch, and the end section and the middle section are on a straight line; the first hinge axis, the second hinge axis and the third hinge axis are parallel; when forming a blast hole through the first inclined hole, the first blast hole is formed first, then the third blast hole is formed, and finally the fifth blast hole is formed; when forming a blast hole through the second inclined hole, the second blast hole is formed first, and then the fourth blast hole is formed.

8. The underground blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The end face of the last segment away from the middle segment is inclined, so that the end of the last segment forms a pointed tip. The inclined surface forming the pointed tip and the limiting notch of the last segment are located on two opposite sides of the last segment.

9. An underground blasting method for reducing vibration damage during underground blasting according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The upper end of the first borehole away from the second borehole has a widened groove for the first borehole portion; the upper end of the second borehole away from the first borehole has a widened groove for the second borehole portion; the upper end of the fourth borehole facing the fifth borehole has a widened groove for the fourth borehole portion; the upper end of the fifth borehole facing the fourth borehole has a widened groove for the fifth borehole portion; explosives are loaded into the widened grooves for the fourth and fifth borehole portions, and the explosives are loaded below the widened grooves for the first and second borehole portions.

10. An underground blasting method capable of reducing vibration damage during underground blasting according to claim 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that, When loading explosives and detonators, first load the fourth and fifth blast holes, then load the third blast hole, and finally load the first and second blast holes. After the fourth and fifth blast holes are loaded, fill the first and second inclined holes with soil until they are level with the third blast hole. After the third blast hole is loaded, fill the first inclined hole with soil until it is level with the first blast hole, and the second inclined hole with soil until it is level with the second blast hole. After the first and second blast holes are loaded, fill the first and second inclined holes with soil.

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