Optical chip and regulation method for atomic regulation

Abstract

This invention provides an optical chip and its control method for atomic manipulation, belonging to the field of optical signal processing technology. The optical chip includes a chip substrate, an integrated optical waveguide, an acousto-optic modulator, an external port, and a port facing the atomic array. The acousto-optic modulator generates acoustic waves using interdigitated transducers. These acoustic waves interact with the optical signal in the acousto-optic waveguide, thereby precisely adjusting at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal. The optical chip may also integrate a nonlinear optical frequency conversion module for changing the frequency of the optical signal, and an optical signal multiplexing module for processing the optical signal such as beam splitting, filtering, frequency division, or mode division multiplexing. The external port is used for inputting / outputting optical signals, while the port facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal to the atomic array as a free-space beam and can collect optical signals emitted by atoms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical signal processing technology, and more specifically to an optical chip and control method for atomic manipulation. Background Technology

[0002] Atomic (or atom-like) arrays are among the most promising quantum computing platforms. The key to the practical application of quantum computing based on atomic arrays lies in scaling up the array size. Currently, significant progress has been made in the confinement and arrangement techniques of large-scale atomic arrays. However, as the array size increases, the related technical challenges also become increasingly prominent, mainly in the following three aspects: first, parallel addressing and precise control of large-scale atomic arrays; second, the readout of quantum states from large-scale atomic arrays; and third, communication and entanglement between computing nodes.

[0003] Currently, the addressing and manipulation of atomic arrays mainly rely on technologies such as two-dimensional acousto-optic deflectors (AOD), digital micromirror devices (DMD), and spatial light modulators (SLM). However, these solutions support a limited number of atomic grid points, which is a significant limitation when dealing with atomic arrays of kilobits or larger. They also suffer from drawbacks such as insufficient modulation degrees of freedom (e.g., two-dimensional AOD does not support modulation of non-rectangular grid points), limited modulation methods (e.g., DMD only supports binary switching modulation), and low refresh rates (e.g., SLM response time is typically greater than 1 ms). Integrated optical chips, with their advantages of low power consumption and high integration, have good potential for large-scale expansion and the ability to control multiple degrees of freedom of optical signals. Therefore, in recent years, schemes utilizing integrated optical chips to achieve addressing and state manipulation of atomic and atom-like systems have begun to emerge. Compared to the three traditional methods of thermo-optic modulation with too slow modulation rate, electro-optic modulation with too large size, and piezoelectric modulation with high modulation voltage and complex process, acousto-optic modulation based on acousto-optic waveguide is expected to achieve an excellent balance in terms of integration, speed and power consumption, thus showing its potential for addressing large-scale atomic arrays.

[0004] In atomic quantum state readout, the early approach employed the "blow-away method," which involves selectively heating bright-state atoms to remove them from the potential well, and then inferring the quantum state information based on the retention probability of the remaining atoms. While this method can achieve a readout fidelity of up to 99.9%, the need to reload the atomic array after each readout significantly reduces the overall clock frequency of the system. Non-destructive readout based on single-photon detectors (SPDs) and imaging detectors avoids this problem. However, SPDs are limited by the number of channels and cannot be scaled up, making them unsuitable for parallel readout of large-scale atomic arrays. Although imaging detectors are naturally adapted to array structures and can simultaneously acquire fluorescence information from multiple atoms, their measurement process relies on direct imaging of atomic spontaneous emission, and the optical signal cannot be further processed before detection, posing a challenge to flexibility.

[0005] In communication and entanglement between computing nodes, efficient optical signal frequency conversion is required. For communication, the spontaneous emission of atoms is typically concentrated in the visible light band. This band of light suffers significant loss in optical fibers, making efficient transmission between geographically dispersed quantum computing nodes inefficient. While infrared light signals have a loss as low as 0.2 dB / km in optical fibers and can be efficiently transmitted to distant quantum computing nodes, they cannot directly affect atoms. Therefore, nonlinear optical frequency conversion methods are commonly used to switch between visible and infrared light. For example, the light signal generated by the spontaneous emission of rubidium atoms can be converted to the infrared band via difference frequency conversion, transmitted through optical fiber to a geographically dispersed computing node, and then converted back to visible light via sum frequency conversion for manipulation. Traditional schemes mainly rely on bulk nonlinear optical crystals to achieve frequency conversion or generate entangled photon pairs. These schemes struggle to selectively control the incident light signal corresponding to the target atomic site, limiting their application in complex interconnect scenarios. Furthermore, the nonlinear conversion efficiency of these schemes is generally low, making it difficult to meet the photon yield and rate requirements of large-scale atomic arrays.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an optical chip and control method that can achieve multifunctional, high-throughput optical manipulation of atomic arrays. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address at least one technical problem mentioned above and in other aspects in the prior art, the present invention provides an optical chip for atomic array manipulation.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, an optical chip for atomic manipulation is provided, comprising: a chip substrate; at least one optical waveguide integrated on the chip substrate and configured to guide an optical signal to transmit along a specific path; at least one acousto-optic modulator connected to at least one of the optical waveguides, integrated on the chip substrate, and configured to adjust at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal; at least one port facing an atomic array, configured to output the optical signal in the optical waveguide as a free-space beam to act on an atomic array outside the optical chip, the free-space beam covering one or more atomic sites in the atomic array; and / or to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the optical waveguide.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical chip, the aforementioned acousto-optic modulator includes: an interpolated transducer, the interpolated transducer including a piezoelectric material layer integrated on or within the chip substrate and two or more sets of interleaved strip electrode clusters disposed near the piezoelectric material layer; when a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters, and the piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating an acoustic wave; an acousto-optic interactive waveguide for receiving the acoustic wave and for guiding the optical signal to transmit along a specific path; when an optical signal and an acoustic wave are present simultaneously in the acousto-optic interactive waveguide, the acoustic wave changes the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the acousto-optic interactive waveguide through at least one of the cascade effect of photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect and electro-optic effect and boundary movement effect, thereby adjusting at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode and transmission direction of the optical signal.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the optical chip of the present invention, the acoustic wave generated by the interdigitated transducer is coupled into the acousto-optic waveguide, the acoustic wave is confined in the acousto-optic waveguide, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in the same direction or in opposite directions in the acousto-optic waveguide.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the optical chip of the present invention, the acoustic wave generated by the interdigitated transducer passes through the acousto-optic waveguide from the side.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the optical chip of the present invention, the cross-sectional geometry of the aforementioned acousto-optic waveguide varies periodically along the transmission direction.

[0013] The optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a nonlinear optical frequency conversion module, wherein the nonlinear optical frequency conversion module is an optical waveguide or optical resonant cavity made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate, and is used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo at least one of the following processes: a second harmonic generation process, a higher harmonic generation process, a spontaneous parametric downconversion process, a sum frequency process, and a difference frequency process.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material or at least a portion of the optical resonant cavity has a periodic polarization structure.

[0015] The optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes at least one external port, configured to input an external optical signal into the optical waveguide, and / or output the optical signal in the optical waveguide to the outside; wherein the port facing the atomic array or the external port is either an optical waveguide end face or a grating coupler.

[0016] The optical chip according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes an optical signal multiplexing module, wherein the optical signal multiplexing module includes at least one of the following components:

[0017] The beam splitter, which is any one of a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer, and a bifurcation structure, is configured to split the optical signal in one optical waveguide into two or more optical waveguides, or to combine the optical signals in two or more optical waveguides into one optical waveguide; a filter, configured to filter out the optical signal of a specific frequency; a frequency division multiplexer, configured to couple the optical signal of a specific frequency from one optical waveguide to another optical waveguide; and a mode division multiplexer, configured to couple the optical signal of a specific transverse mode from one optical waveguide to another optical waveguide.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling an atomic array is provided, applied to the aforementioned optical chip, comprising the following steps: introducing an optical signal into an optical waveguide on a chip substrate; adjusting at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal in the optical waveguide using an acousto-optic modulator; and outputting the adjusted optical signal as a free-space beam through a port partially facing the atomic array to act on the atomic array. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above-described features, other objects, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0029] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0030] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0031] For quantum computing based on large-scale atomic arrays, existing atomic addressing and manipulation techniques have limitations such as a limited number of supported atomic lattice points, insufficient modulation degrees of freedom, limited modulation methods, and low refresh rates. Existing destructive quantum state readout schemes have difficulties in increasing the system clock frequency, while non-destructive quantum state readout schemes have limitations in scalability and flexibility. Existing optical frequency conversion schemes rely on bulk crystals, which have problems such as difficulty in achieving site-selective frequency conversion and low conversion efficiency.

[0032] In view of this, the present invention provides an optical chip in which an optical signal is input from the outside, transmitted through an optical waveguide, and processed by various functional devices: an optical frequency converter changes the frequency of the optical signal; an optical modulator changes the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, or transverse mode of the optical signal; a filter removes optical signals of specific frequencies; a frequency division multiplexer and a mode division multiplexer route the optical signal according to frequency and transverse mode, respectively; and a beam splitter decomposes and combines the optical path. The processed optical signal is output as a beam to an atomic array to manipulate the atoms. This optical chip can also collect optical signals emitted by atoms and output on-chip optical signals back to the external optical path. The devices can be combined and arrayed to achieve multifunctional, high-throughput optical manipulation of the atomic array.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the optical chip for atomic array modulation may include a chip substrate 10, at least one optical waveguide, at least one acousto-optic modulator, and at least one port facing the atomic array.

[0035] At least one optical waveguide can be integrated on the chip substrate 10 and configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0036] At least one acousto-optic modulator can be connected to at least one optical waveguide, integrated on the chip substrate 10, and configured to adjust at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode and transmission direction of the optical signal.

[0037] At least one port facing the atom array is configured to output an optical signal in the form of a free-space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip, the free-space beam covering a certain atom site in the atom array.

[0038] In one example, at least one optical waveguide may include a first optical waveguide 201 and a second optical waveguide 202, at least one acousto-optic modulator may include a first acousto-optic modulator 301, and at least one port facing the atomic array may include a first port 401 facing the atomic array. The first optical waveguide 201 may be connected to the first acousto-optic modulator 301, and the second optical waveguide 202 may be connected to both the first acousto-optic modulator 301 and the first port 401 facing the atomic array. An optical signal may be input to the first optical waveguide 201; the first optical waveguide 201 guides the optical signal to the first acousto-optic modulator 301; the first acousto-optic modulator 301 adjusts at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal; the second optical waveguide 202 guides the optical signal from the first acousto-optic modulator 301 to the first port 401 facing the atomic array; the first port 401 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal from the second optical waveguide 202 in the form of a free-space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip, with the free-space beam covering a specific atomic site within the atomic array.

[0039] In embodiments of this invention, an optical signal is input from an external source, transmitted via an optical waveguide to an acousto-optic modulator, and the acousto-optic modulator adjusts at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal. The processed optical signal is output as a beam to an atomic array to manipulate atoms, including atomic cooling, trapping, movement, rearrangement, addressing, state manipulation, and state readout. Compared to the shortcomings of existing atomic array manipulation techniques, such as insufficient modulation freedom, limited modulation methods, and low refresh rates, this invention enables multifunctional, high-throughput optical manipulation of atomic arrays.

[0040] In some embodiments, the optical chip may further include at least one external port connected to an optical waveguide, thereby enabling the input of external optical signals into the optical waveguide, and / or, the external port may also output optical signals from the optical waveguide to the outside.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0042] like Figure 2As shown, the optical chip for atomic array control includes a chip substrate 10, a third optical waveguide 203, a fourth optical waveguide 204, a fifth optical waveguide 205, a sixth optical waveguide 206, a second acousto-optic modulator 302, a first external port 501, a second external port 502, a second port 402 facing the atomic array, and a mode divider multiplexer 610.

[0043] The third optical waveguide 203 to the sixth optical waveguide 206 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0044] The second acousto-optic modulator 302, connected to the third optical waveguide 203 and the fourth optical waveguide 204, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to modulate the transverse mode of the optical signal. The second acousto-optic modulator 302 includes a first interdigitated transducer 3021 and a first acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3022.

[0045] The first interdigitated transducer 3021 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. Under the electric field, the piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect, thereby generating sound waves.

[0046] The first acousto-optic waveguide 3022 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals to transmit along a specific path. When optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the first acousto-optic waveguide 3022 at the same time, the acoustic waves change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the first acousto-optic waveguide 3022 through the cascade effect of photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect and electro-optic effect and moving boundary effect, thereby changing the transverse mode of the optical signal from TE00 mode to TE10 mode.

[0047] The acoustic wave generated by the first interdigital transducer 3021 is coupled into the first acousto-optic waveguide 3022. The acoustic wave is confined in the first acousto-optic waveguide 3022, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in the same direction in the first acousto-optic waveguide 3022.

[0048] The first external port 501 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to input external optical signals into the third optical waveguide 203.

[0049] The second external port 502 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the sixth optical waveguide 206 to the outside.

[0050] The second port 402 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, which is configured to output the optical signal in the fifth optical waveguide 205 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0051] The mode divider multiplexer 610 is configured to couple an optical signal with a transverse mode of TE10 from the fourth optical waveguide 204 to the fifth optical waveguide 205, and to couple an optical signal with a transverse mode of TE00 from the fourth optical waveguide 204 to the sixth optical waveguide 206.

[0052] The third optical waveguide 203 connects to the first external port 501 and the second acousto-optic modulator 302; the fourth optical waveguide 204 connects to the second acousto-optic modulator 302 and the mode divider multiplexer 610; the fifth optical waveguide 205 connects to the mode divider multiplexer 610 and the second port 402 facing the atom array; and the sixth optical waveguide 206 connects to the mode divider multiplexer 610 and the second external port 502.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic array is controlled in the following manner:

[0054] An optical signal is input to the third optical waveguide 203 through the first external port 501, and the transverse mode of the optical signal is TE00 mode. The third optical waveguide 203 guides the optical signal to the second acousto-optic modulator 302. The second acousto-optic modulator 302 either does not change the transverse mode of the optical signal, or changes part of the transverse mode of the optical signal from TE00 mode to TE10 mode, or changes all the transverse modes of the optical signal from TE00 mode to TE10 mode. The fourth optical waveguide 204 guides the optical signal from the second acousto-optic modulator 302 to the mode divider 610. The mode divider 610 couples the optical signal with the transverse mode of TE10 from the fourth optical waveguide 204 to the third optical waveguide 203. The fifth optical waveguide 205 couples the optical signal with the transverse mode TE00 from the fourth optical waveguide 204 to the sixth optical waveguide 206; the fifth optical waveguide 205 guides the optical signal to the second port 402 facing the atomic array; the second port 402 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the fifth optical waveguide 205 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip, and the free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array; the sixth optical waveguide 206 guides the optical signal to the second external port 502; the second external port 502 outputs the optical signal in the sixth optical waveguide 206 to the outside.

[0055] In embodiments of the present invention, the interdigitated transducer and the acousto-optic waveguide work together to generate sound waves and change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the acousto-optic waveguide through at least one of the photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect, electro-optic effect and boundary movement effect, thereby adjusting at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode and transmission direction of the optical signal, thereby realizing multifunctional optical manipulation of the atomic array, including cooling, trapping, moving, rearranging, addressing of atoms, as well as state manipulation and state readout of atoms.

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, the optical chip for atomic array control includes a chip substrate 10, a seventh optical waveguide 207, an eighth optical waveguide 208, a third acousto-optic modulator 303, a third external port 503, and a third port 403 facing the atomic array.

[0058] The seventh optical waveguide 207 to the eighth optical waveguide 208 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to be transmitted along a specific path.

[0059] The third acousto-optic modulator 303, connected to the seventh optical waveguide 207 and the eighth optical waveguide 208, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to adjust the transmission direction of the optical signal. The third acousto-optic modulator 303 includes a second interdigitated transducer 3031 and a second acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3032.

[0060] The second interdigitated transducer 3031 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0061] The second acousto-optic waveguide 3032 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals to transmit along a specific path. When optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the second acousto-optic waveguide 3032 at the same time, the acoustic waves change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the second acousto-optic waveguide 3032 through the cascade effect of photoelasticity, piezoelectricity and electro-optic effects and the moving boundary effect, thereby changing the transmission direction of the optical signal from forward transmission to reverse transmission.

[0062] The acoustic wave generated by the second interdigital transducer 3031 is coupled into the second acousto-optic waveguide 3032. The acoustic wave is confined in the second acousto-optic waveguide 3032, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in opposite directions in the second acousto-optic waveguide 3032.

[0063] The third external port 503 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to input external optical signals into the seventh optical waveguide 207 and output the optical signals transmitted in reverse in the seventh optical waveguide 207 to the outside.

[0064] The third port 403 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, which is configured to output the optical signal in the eighth optical waveguide 208 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0065] The seventh optical waveguide 207 connects the third external port 503 and the third acousto-optic modulator 303, and the eighth optical waveguide 208 connects the third acousto-optic modulator 303 and the third port 403 facing the atom array.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic array is controlled in the following manner:

[0067] An optical signal is input into the seventh optical waveguide 207 through the third external port 503, and the optical signal is transmitted in the forward direction. The seventh optical waveguide 207 guides the forward-transmitting optical signal to the third acousto-optic modulator 303. The third acousto-optic modulator 303 does not change the transmission direction of the optical signal, or changes the transmission direction of part of the optical signal from forward to reverse, or changes the transmission direction of all optical signals from forward to reverse. The seventh optical waveguide 207 guides the reverse-transmitting optical signal back to the third external port 503. The third external port 503 outputs the reverse-transmitting optical signal in the seventh optical waveguide 207 to the outside. The eighth optical waveguide 208 guides the forward-transmitting optical signal from the third acousto-optic modulator 303 to the third port 403 facing the atomic array. The third port 403 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the eighth optical waveguide 208 in the form of a free-space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free-space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0068] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional geometry of the acousto-optic waveguide varies periodically along the transmission direction. This periodic variation in the cross-sectional geometry of the acousto-optic waveguide enables a highly efficient acousto-optic interaction process.

[0069] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, the optical chip for atomic array modulation includes a chip substrate 10, a ninth optical waveguide 209, a tenth optical waveguide 210, an eleventh optical waveguide 211, a fourth acousto-optic modulator 304, a fourth external port 504, a fourth port 404 facing the atomic array, and a filter 620.

[0071] The ninth optical waveguide 209 to the eleventh optical waveguide 211 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0072] The fourth acousto-optic modulator 304, connected to the ninth optical waveguide 209 and the tenth optical waveguide 210, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to modulate the frequency of the optical signal. The fourth acousto-optic modulator 304 includes a third interdigitated transducer 3041 and a third acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3042.

[0073] The third interdigitated transducer 3041 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0074] The third acousto-optic waveguide 3042 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals along a specific path. When both optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the third acousto-optic waveguide 3042, the acoustic waves, through the cascade effect of photoelasticity, piezoelectricity, and electro-optic effects, as well as the moving boundary effect, change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the third acousto-optic waveguide 3042, thereby changing the frequency of the optical signal. Become .

[0075] The acoustic waves generated by the third interdigital transducer 3041 pass through the third acousto-optic waveguide 3042 from the side.

[0076] The fourth external port 504 is an optical waveguide end face and is configured to input external optical signals into the ninth optical waveguide 209.

[0077] The fourth port 404 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, which is configured to output the optical signal in the eleventh optical waveguide 211 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0078] Filter 620 is configured to filter out frequencies of The optical signal.

[0079] The ninth optical waveguide 209 connects the fourth external port 504 and the fourth acousto-optic modulator 304, the tenth optical waveguide 210 connects the fourth acousto-optic modulator 304 and the filter 620, and the eleventh optical waveguide 211 connects the filter 620 and the fourth port 404 facing the atom array.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic array is controlled in the following manner:

[0081] Frequency is The optical signal is input to the ninth optical waveguide 209 through the fourth external port 504; the ninth optical waveguide 209 guides the optical signal to the fourth acousto-optic modulator 304; the fourth acousto-optic modulator 304 does not change the frequency of the optical signal, or modulates part of the frequency of the optical signal. Become Or change the frequency of all optical signals from Become The tenth optical waveguide 210 guides the optical signal from the fourth acousto-optic modulator 304 to the filter 620; the filter 620 filters out frequencies of... The eleventh optical waveguide 211 guides the optical signal from the filter 620 to the fourth port 404 facing the atom array; the fourth port 404 facing the atom array outputs the optical signal in the eleventh optical waveguide 211 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip, and the free space beam covers a certain atom site in the atom array.

[0082] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, the optical chip for atomic array control includes a chip substrate 10, a twelfth optical waveguide 212, a thirteenth optical waveguide 213, a fourteenth optical waveguide 214, a fifteenth optical waveguide 215, a sixteenth optical waveguide 216, a fifth acousto-optic modulator 305, a fifth external port 505, a sixth external port 506, a fifth port 405 facing the atomic array, a first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631, and a frequency division multiplexer 640.

[0084] The twelfth optical waveguide 212 to the sixteenth optical waveguide 216 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0085] The fifth acousto-optic modulator 305, connected to the thirteenth optical waveguide 213 and the fourteenth optical waveguide 214, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to adjust the frequency of the optical signal. The fifth acousto-optic modulator 305 includes a fourth interdigitated transducer 3051 and a fourth acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3052.

[0086] The fourth interdigitated transducer 3051 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0087] The fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals along a specific path. When both optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052, the acoustic waves, through the cascade effect of photoelasticity, piezoelectricity, and electro-optic effects, as well as the moving boundary effect, change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052, thereby changing the frequency of the optical signal. Become .

[0088] The acoustic wave generated by the fourth interdigital transducer 3051 is coupled into the fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052. The acoustic wave is confined in the fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in the same direction in the fourth acousto-optic waveguide 3052.

[0089] The fifth external port 505 is an optical waveguide end face and is configured to input external optical signals into the twelfth optical waveguide 212.

[0090] The sixth external port 506 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the sixteenth optical waveguide 216 to the outside.

[0091] The fifth port 405 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, which is configured to output the optical signal in the fifteenth optical waveguide 215 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0092] The first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631 is an optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate 10. It has a periodic polarization structure and is used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, that is, to change the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0093] Frequency division multiplexer 640 is configured to divide the frequency of The optical signal is coupled from the fourteenth optical waveguide 214 to the fifteenth optical waveguide 215, and the frequency is... The optical signal is coupled from the fourteenth optical waveguide 214 to the sixteenth optical waveguide 216.

[0094] The twelfth optical waveguide 212 connects the fifth external port 505 and the first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631; the thirteenth optical waveguide 213 connects the first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631 and the fifth acousto-optic modulator 305; the fourteenth optical waveguide 214 connects the fifth acousto-optic modulator 305 and the frequency division multiplexer 640; the fifteenth optical waveguide 215 connects the frequency division multiplexer 640 and the fifth port 405 facing the atomic array; and the sixteenth optical waveguide 216 connects the frequency division multiplexer 640 and the sixth external port 506.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic array is controlled in the following manner:

[0096] Frequency is The twelfth optical waveguide 212 is input through the fifth external port 505; the twelfth optical waveguide 212 guides the optical signal to the first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631; the first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631 causes the optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, changing the frequency of the optical signal from... Become The thirteenth optical waveguide 213 guides the optical signal from the first nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 631 to the fifth acousto-optic modulator 305; the fifth acousto-optic modulator 305 does not change the frequency of the optical signal, or modulates part of the frequency of the optical signal from... Become Or change the frequency of all optical signals from Become The fourteenth optical waveguide 214 guides the optical signal from the fifth acousto-optic modulator 305 to the frequency division multiplexer 640; the frequency division multiplexer 640 divides the signal at a frequency of... The optical signal is coupled from the fourteenth optical waveguide 214 to the fifteenth optical waveguide 215, and the frequency is... The optical signal is coupled from the fourteenth optical waveguide 214 to the sixteenth optical waveguide 216; the fifteenth optical waveguide 215 guides the optical signal to the fifth port 405 facing the atomic array; the fifth port 405 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the fifteenth optical waveguide 215 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip, and the free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array; the sixteenth optical waveguide 216 guides the optical signal to the sixth external port 506; the sixth external port 506 outputs the optical signal in the sixteenth optical waveguide 216 to the outside.

[0097] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0098] like Figure 6 As shown, the optical chip for atomic array control includes a chip substrate 10, a seventeenth optical waveguide 217, an eighteenth optical waveguide 218, a nineteenth optical waveguide 219, a twentieth optical waveguide 220, a sixth acousto-optic modulator 306, a seventh external port 507, a sixth port 406 facing the atomic array, a second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632, and a filter 620.

[0099] The seventeenth optical waveguide 217 to the twentieth optical waveguide 220 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0100] The sixth acousto-optic modulator 306, connected to the eighteenth optical waveguide 218 and the nineteenth optical waveguide 219, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to modulate the frequency of the optical signal. The sixth acousto-optic modulator 306 includes a fifth interdigitated transducer 3061 and a fifth acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3062.

[0101] The fifth interdigitated transducer 3061 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0102] The fifth acousto-optic waveguide 3062 is used to receive sound waves and guide optical signals along a specific path. When both optical signals and sound waves are present in the fifth acousto-optic waveguide 3062, the sound waves, through the cascade effect of photoelasticity, piezoelectricity, and electro-optic effects, as well as the moving boundary effect, change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the fifth acousto-optic waveguide 3062, thereby changing the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0103] The acoustic waves generated by the fifth interdigitated transducer 3061 pass through the fifth acousto-optic waveguide 3062 from the side.

[0104] The seventh external port 507 is an optical waveguide end face and is configured to input external optical signals into the seventeenth optical waveguide 217.

[0105] The sixth port 406 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, which is configured to output the optical signal in the twentieth optical waveguide 220 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0106] The second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632 is an optical resonant cavity made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate 10. It has a periodic polarization structure and is used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, that is, to change the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0107] Filter 620 is configured to filter out frequencies of The optical signal.

[0108] The seventeenth optical waveguide 217 connects to the seventh external port 507 and the second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632. The eighteenth optical waveguide 218 connects to the second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632 and the sixth acousto-optic modulator 306. The nineteenth optical waveguide 219 connects to the sixth acousto-optic modulator 306 and the filter 620. The twentieth optical waveguide 220 connects to the filter 620 and the sixth port 406 facing the atom array.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic array is controlled in the following manner:

[0110] Frequency is The optical signal is input to the seventeenth optical waveguide 217 through the seventh external port 507; the seventeenth optical waveguide 217 guides the optical signal to the second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632; the second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632 causes the optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, changing the frequency of the optical signal from... Become The eighteenth optical waveguide 218 guides the optical signal from the second nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 632 to the sixth acousto-optic modulator 306; the sixth acousto-optic modulator 306 does not change the frequency of the optical signal, or modulates part of the frequency of the optical signal from... Become Or change the frequency of all optical signals from Become The nineteenth optical waveguide 219 guides the optical signal from the sixth acousto-optic modulator 306 to the filter 620; the filter 620 filters out frequencies of... The optical signal; the twentieth optical waveguide 220 guides the optical signal from the filter 620 to the sixth port 406 facing the atom array; the sixth port 406 facing the atom array outputs the optical signal in the twentieth optical waveguide 220 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip, and the free space beam covers a certain atom site in the atom array.

[0111] In some embodiments, at least a portion of an optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material or at least a portion of an optical resonant cavity has a periodic polarization structure, through which an efficient nonlinear optical frequency conversion process can be achieved.

[0112] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical chip and an atomic array according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0113] like Figure 7 As shown, the optical chip used for atomic array modulation includes a chip substrate 10, twenty-first optical waveguides 221 to thirty-eighth optical waveguides 238, a seventh acousto-optic modulator 307, an eighth acousto-optic modulator 308, a ninth acousto-optic modulator 309, an eighth external port 508, a ninth external port 509, a tenth external port 510, an eleventh external port 511, a twelfth external port 512, a thirteenth external port 513, a fourteenth external port 514, a seventh port 407 facing the atomic array, an eighth port 408 facing the atomic array, a ninth port 409 facing the atomic array, a tenth port 410 facing the atomic array, an eleventh port 411 facing the atomic array, a twelfth port 412 facing the atomic array, a third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633, a fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634, a fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635, a first beam splitter 651, a second beam splitter 652, a filter 620, and a mode-division multiplexer 610.

[0114] The twenty-first optical waveguide 221 to the thirty-eighth optical waveguide 238 are integrated on the chip substrate 10 and are configured to guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path.

[0115] The seventh acousto-optic modulator 307, connected to the twenty-third optical waveguide 223 and the twenty-fourth optical waveguide 224, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to modulate the frequency of the optical signal. The seventh acousto-optic modulator 307 includes a sixth interdigitated transducer 3071 and a sixth acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3072.

[0116] The sixth interdigitated transducer 3071 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0117] The sixth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3072 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals along a specific path. When both optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the sixth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3072, the acoustic waves, through the cascade effect of photoelasticity, piezoelectricity, and electro-optic effects, as well as the moving boundary effect, change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the sixth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3072, thereby changing the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0118] The acoustic waves generated by the sixth interdigital transducer 3071 pass through the sixth acousto-optic waveguide 3072 from the side.

[0119] The eighth acousto-optic modulator 308, connected to the twenty-sixth optical waveguide 226 and the twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to modulate the transverse mode of the optical signal. The eighth acousto-optic modulator 308 includes a seventh interdigitated transducer 3081 and a seventh acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3082.

[0120] The seventh interdigitated transducer 3081 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0121] The seventh acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3082 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals to transmit along a specific path. When optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the seventh acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3082 at the same time, the acoustic waves change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the seventh acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3082 through the cascade effect of photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect and electro-optic effect and the moving boundary effect, thereby changing the transverse mode of the optical signal from TE00 mode to TE10 mode.

[0122] The acoustic wave generated by the seventh interdigital transducer 3081 is coupled into the seventh acousto-optic waveguide 3082. The acoustic wave is confined in the seventh acousto-optic waveguide 3082, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in the same direction in the seventh acousto-optic waveguide 3082.

[0123] The ninth acousto-optic modulator 309, connected to the thirty-first optical waveguide 231 and the thirty-second optical waveguide 232, is integrated on the chip substrate 10 and is configured to adjust the transmission direction of the optical signal. The ninth acousto-optic modulator 309 includes an eighth interdigitated transducer 3091 and an eighth acousto-optic interactive waveguide 3092.

[0124] The eighth interdigitated transducer 3091 includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on the chip substrate 10 and two sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed on the piezoelectric material layer. When a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters. The piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves.

[0125] The eighth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3092 is used to receive acoustic waves and guide optical signals to transmit along a specific path. When optical signals and acoustic waves are present in the eighth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3092 at the same time, the acoustic waves change the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the eighth acoustic-optical interaction waveguide 3092 through the cascade effect of photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect and electro-optic effect and the moving boundary effect, thereby changing the transmission direction of the optical signal from forward transmission to reverse transmission.

[0126] The acoustic wave generated by the eighth interdigital transducer 3091 is coupled into the eighth acousto-optic waveguide 3092. The acoustic wave is confined in the eighth acousto-optic waveguide 3092, and the acoustic wave and the optical signal are transmitted in opposite directions in the eighth acousto-optic waveguide 3092.

[0127] The eighth external port 508 is an optical waveguide end face and is configured to input external optical signals into the twenty-first optical waveguide 221.

[0128] The ninth external port 509 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the twenty-ninth optical waveguide 229 to the outside.

[0129] The tenth external port 510 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to input external optical signals into the thirtieth optical waveguide 230, and output the optical signals transmitted in reverse in the thirtieth optical waveguide 230 to the outside.

[0130] The eleventh external port 511 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the thirty-third optical waveguide 233 to the outside.

[0131] The twelfth external port 512 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the thirty-fourth optical waveguide 234 to the outside.

[0132] The thirteenth external port 513 is an optical waveguide end face and is configured to input external optical signals into the thirty-fifth optical waveguide 235.

[0133] The fourteenth external port 514 is an optical waveguide end face, configured to output the optical signal in the thirty-eighth optical waveguide 238 to the outside.

[0134] The seventh port 407 facing the atom array is a grating coupler configured to output the optical signal in the twenty-fifth optical waveguide 225 as a free-space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip.

[0135] The eighth port 408 facing the atom array is a grating coupler, configured to output the optical signal in the twenty-eighth optical waveguide 228 in the form of a free-space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip.

[0136] The ninth port 409 facing the atom array is a grating coupler configured to output the optical signal in the thirty-second optical waveguide 232 in the form of a free-space beam to act on the atom array outside the chip.

[0137] Free-space beams emitted from the seventh port 407, the eighth port 408, and the ninth port 409 facing the atomic array respectively cover a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0138] The tenth port 410 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler configured to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the thirty-third optical waveguide 233.

[0139] The eleventh port 411 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler, configured to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the thirty-fourth optical waveguide 234.

[0140] The twelfth port 412 facing the atomic array is a grating coupler configured to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the thirty-sixth optical waveguide 236.

[0141] The third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633 is an optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate 10. The third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633 has a periodic polarization structure, used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, that is, to change the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0142] The fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 is an optical resonant cavity made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate 10. The fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 has a periodic polarization structure, which is used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling process, that is, to change the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0143] The fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 is an optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate 10. The fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 has a periodic polarization structure, used to induce a difference frequency process in the passing optical signal; that is, when the optical signal passing through the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 simultaneously contains a frequency of... The components and frequencies are When the component is, the frequency is The optical signal component is consumed, with a frequency of The optical signal component is amplified, and additional frequency is generated. The optical signal component.

[0144] The first beam splitter 651 is a multimode interferometer configured to split the optical signal in the twenty-second optical waveguide 222 into the twenty-third optical waveguide 223 and the twenty-sixth optical waveguide 226.

[0145] The second beam splitter 652 is a multimode interferometer configured to combine the optical signals in the thirty-fifth optical waveguide 235 and the thirty-sixth optical waveguide 236 into the thirty-seventh optical waveguide 237.

[0146] Filter 620 is configured to filter out frequencies of The optical signal.

[0147] The mode divider 610 is configured to couple an optical signal with a transverse mode of TE10 from the twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227 to the twenty-eighth optical waveguide 228, and to couple an optical signal with a transverse mode of TE00 from the twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227 to the twenty-ninth optical waveguide 229.

[0148] The 21st optical waveguide 221 connects to the 8th external port 508 and the 3rd nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633; ​​the 22nd optical waveguide 222 connects to the 3rd nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633 and the 1st beam splitter 651; the 23rd optical waveguide 223 connects to the 1st beam splitter 651 and the 7th acousto-optic modulator 307; the 24th optical waveguide 224 connects to the 7th acousto-optic modulator 307 and the filter 620; the 25th optical waveguide 225 connects to the filter 620 and the 7th port 407 facing the atom array; the 26th optical waveguide 226 connects to the 1st beam splitter 651 and the 8th acousto-optic modulator 308; the 27th optical waveguide 227 connects to the 8th acousto-optic modulator 308 and the mode division multiplexer 610; the 28th optical waveguide 228 connects to the mode division multiplexer 610 and the 8th port 408 facing the atom array; the 29th optical waveguide 229 connects to the mode division multiplexer 610 and the 9th external port 509; and the 30th optical waveguide 230 connects to the 10th external port 509. 10 and the fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634, the thirty-first optical waveguide 231 connects the fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 and the ninth acousto-optic modulator 309, the thirty-second optical waveguide 232 connects the ninth acousto-optic modulator 309 and the ninth port 409 facing the atomic array, the thirty-third optical waveguide 233 connects the tenth port 410 facing the atomic array and the eleventh external port 511, the thirty-fourth optical waveguide 234 connects the eleventh port 411 facing the atomic array and the twelfth external port 512, the thirty-fifth optical waveguide 235 connects the thirteenth external port 513 and the second beam splitter 652, the thirty-sixth optical waveguide 236 connects the twelfth port 412 facing the atomic array and the second beam splitter 652, the thirty-seventh optical waveguide 237 connects the second beam splitter 652 and the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635, and the thirty-eighth optical waveguide 238 connects the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 and the fourteenth external port 514.

[0149] According to an embodiment of the present invention, atoms are controlled in the following manner:

[0150] Frequency is The optical signal is input to the twenty-first optical waveguide 221 through the eighth external port 508, and the transverse mode of the optical signal is TE00 mode.

[0151] The twenty-first optical waveguide 221 guides the optical signal to the third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633.

[0152] The third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633 causes the optical signal to undergo a frequency doubling, that is, it converts the frequency of the optical signal from... Become .

[0153] The twenty-second optical waveguide 222 guides the optical signal from the third nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 633 to the first beam splitter 651.

[0154] The first beam splitter 651 splits the optical signal in the twenty-second optical waveguide 222 into the twenty-third optical waveguide 223 and the twenty-sixth optical waveguide 226.

[0155] The twenty-third optical waveguide 223 guides the optical signal to the seventh acousto-optic modulator 307.

[0156] The seventh audio-visual modulator 307 does not change the frequency of the optical signal, or modifies part of the frequency of the optical signal from... Become Or change the frequency of all optical signals from Become .

[0157] The twenty-fourth optical waveguide 224 guides the optical signal from the seventh acousto-optic modulator 307 to the filter 620.

[0158] Filter 620 filters out frequencies of The optical signal.

[0159] The twenty-fifth optical waveguide 225 guides the optical signal from filter 620 to the seventh port 407 facing the atom array.

[0160] The seventh port 407 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the twenty-fifth optical waveguide 225 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0161] The twenty-sixth optical waveguide 226 guides the optical signal to the eighth acousto-optic modulator 308.

[0162] The eighth acousto-optic modulator 308 does not change the transverse mode of the optical signal, or changes the transverse mode of part of the optical signal from TE00 mode to TE10 mode, or changes the transverse mode of all optical signals from TE00 mode to TE10 mode.

[0163] The twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227 guides the optical signal from the eighth acousto-optic modulator 308 to the mode-division multiplexer 610.

[0164] The mode divider 610 couples the optical signal with the transverse mode TE10 from the twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227 to the twenty-eighth optical waveguide 228, and couples the optical signal with the transverse mode TE00 from the twenty-seventh optical waveguide 227 to the twenty-ninth optical waveguide 229.

[0165] The twenty-eighth optical waveguide 228 guides the optical signal to the eighth port 408 facing the atom array.

[0166] The eighth port 408 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the twenty-eighth optical waveguide 228 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0167] The twenty-ninth optical waveguide 229 guides the optical signal to the ninth external port 509.

[0168] The ninth external port 509 outputs the optical signal in the twenty-ninth optical waveguide 229 to the outside.

[0169] Frequency is The optical signal is input to the thirtieth optical waveguide 230 through the tenth external port 510, and the optical signal is transmitted in the forward direction.

[0170] The thirtieth optical waveguide 230 guides the forward-transmitting optical signal to the fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634.

[0171] The fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 causes the forward-transmitted optical signal to undergo frequency doubling, that is, it changes the frequency of the forward-transmitted optical signal from... Become .

[0172] The 31st optical waveguide 231 guides the forward-transmitting optical signal from the fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 to the ninth acousto-optic modulator 309.

[0173] The ninth acoustic-optic modulator 309 does not change the transmission direction of the optical signal, or changes the transmission direction of part of the optical signal from forward transmission to reverse transmission, or changes the transmission direction of all optical signals from forward transmission to reverse transmission.

[0174] The thirty-first optical waveguide 231 guides the reverse-transmitted optical signal back to the fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634.

[0175] The fourth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 634 causes spontaneous parametric down-conversion of the reverse-transmitted optical signal, that is, it changes the frequency of the reverse-transmitted optical signal from... Become .

[0176] The thirtieth optical waveguide 230 guides the reverse-transmitted optical signal back to the tenth external port 510.

[0177] The tenth external port 510 outputs the reverse-transmitted optical signal to the outside.

[0178] The 32nd optical waveguide 232 guides the forward-transmitting optical signal from the 9th acousto-optic modulator 309 to the 9th port 409 facing the atomic array.

[0179] The ninth port 409 facing the atomic array outputs the optical signal in the thirty-second optical waveguide 232 in the form of a free space beam to act on the atomic array outside the chip. The free space beam covers a certain atomic site in the atomic array.

[0180] The tenth port 410 facing the atomic array is configured to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the thirty-third optical waveguide 233.

[0181] The 33rd optical waveguide 233 guides the optical signal to the 11th external port 511.

[0182] The eleventh port 411 facing the atomic array is configured to collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the thirty-fourth optical waveguide 234.

[0183] The 34th optical waveguide 234 guides the optical signal to the 12th external port 512.

[0184] Frequency is The optical signal is input to the 35th optical waveguide 235 through the 13th external port 513.

[0185] The thirty-fifth optical waveguide 235 guides the optical signal to the second beam splitter 652.

[0186] The twelfth port 412 facing the atomic array is configured to transmit the atomic array at a frequency of The optical signal is collected and returned to the thirty-sixth optical waveguide 236.

[0187] The thirty-sixth optical waveguide 236 guides the optical signal to the second beam splitter 652.

[0188] The second beam splitter 652 combines the optical signals in the thirty-fifth optical waveguides 235 and 236 into the thirty-seventh optical waveguide 237.

[0189] The thirty-seventh optical waveguide 237 guides the optical signal from the second beam splitter 652 to the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635.

[0190] The fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 causes a difference frequency process in the passed optical signal; that is, when the optical signal passing through the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 simultaneously contains a frequency of... The components and frequencies are When the component is, the frequency is The optical signal component is consumed, with a frequency of The optical signal component is amplified, and additional frequency is generated. The optical signal component.

[0191] The thirty-eighth optical waveguide 238 guides the optical signal from the fifth nonlinear optical frequency conversion module 635 to the fourteenth external port 514.

[0192] The fourteenth external port 514 outputs the optical signal in the thirty-eighth optical waveguide 238 to the outside.

[0193] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and no limitation is imposed herein.

[0194] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An optical chip for atomic control, characterized in that, include: Chip substrate; At least one optical waveguide, integrated on the chip substrate, is configured to guide an optical signal to transmit along a specific path; At least one acousto-optic modulator, connected to at least one of the optical waveguides, is integrated on the chip substrate and configured to adjust at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal; At least one port facing the atomic array is configured to output the optical signal in the optical waveguide as a free-space beam to act on the atomic array outside the optical chip, the free-space beam covering one or more atomic sites in the atomic array; and / or collect the optical signal emitted by the atomic array back to the optical waveguide.

2. The optical chip according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acousto-optic modulator includes: An interdigitated transducer includes a piezoelectric material layer integrated on or inside the chip substrate, and two or more sets of interlaced strip electrode clusters disposed near the piezoelectric material layer; when a voltage is applied to the strip electrode clusters, an electric field is generated between and near the strip electrode clusters, and the piezoelectric material generates stress due to the piezoelectric effect under the electric field, thereby generating sound waves; An acousto-optic waveguide is used to receive the acoustic wave and guide the optical signal to transmit along a specific path. When both the optical signal and the acoustic wave are present in the acousto-optic waveguide, the acoustic wave causes the effective refractive index of the optical signal in the acousto-optic waveguide to change through at least one of the following effects: photoelastic effect, piezoelectric effect and electro-optic effect cascade effect and boundary movement effect, thereby adjusting at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode and transmission direction of the optical signal.

3. The optical chip according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acoustic wave generated by the interdigitated transducer is coupled into the acousto-optic waveguide, where it is confined and propagates in the same or opposite direction as the optical signal.

4. The optical chip according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acoustic waves generated by the interdigitated transducer pass through the acousto-optic waveguide from the side.

5. The optical chip according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-sectional geometry of the acousto-optic waveguide changes periodically along the direction of optical signal transmission.

6. The optical chip according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The optical chip also includes a nonlinear optical frequency conversion module, which is an optical waveguide or optical resonant cavity made of nonlinear optical material integrated on the chip substrate. It is used to cause the passing optical signal to undergo at least one of the following processes: a second harmonic generation process, a higher harmonic generation process, a spontaneous parametric downconversion process, a sum frequency process, and a difference frequency process.

7. The optical chip according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least a portion of the optical waveguide made of nonlinear optical material or at least a portion of the optical resonant cavity has a periodic polarization structure.

8. The optical chip according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The optical chip further includes at least one external port, configured to input an external optical signal into the optical waveguide, and / or output the optical signal in the optical waveguide to the outside; The port facing the atom array or the external port can be either an optical waveguide end face or a grating coupler.

9. The optical chip according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The optical chip further includes an optical signal multiplexing module, which includes at least one of the following components: The beam splitter is any one of a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer, and a bifurcation structure, and is configured to split the optical signal in one optical waveguide into two or more optical waveguides, or to merge the optical signals in two or more optical waveguides into one optical waveguide; The filter is configured to filter out the optical signal at a specific frequency; A frequency division multiplexer is configured to couple an optical signal of a specific frequency from one optical waveguide to another optical waveguide; A mode divider multiplexer is configured to couple a specific transverse mode of the optical signal from one optical waveguide to another optical waveguide.

10. A method for controlling an atomic array, applied to an optical chip as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The control method includes: The optical signal is introduced into the optical waveguide on the chip substrate; Using an acousto-optic modulator, at least one of the amplitude, phase, polarization, frequency, transverse mode, and transmission direction of the optical signal in the optical waveguide is adjusted; and The adjusted optical signal is output as a free-space beam through a port partially facing the atomic array to act on the atomic array.

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