Charging protocol generation device and method

Abstract

A charging protocol generation device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a protocol obtaining unit configured to obtain a charging protocol indicating a correspondence relationship between a charging limit SOC and a charging c-rate of a battery; a curve obtaining unit configured to obtain a resistance curve based on a reference curve representing a correspondence relationship between the SOC and the resistance of the battery during charging according to the charging c-rate and a reference curve corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing a charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a charging protocol generation apparatus and method.

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0069604, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on May 28, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology

[0003] In recent years, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, cameras, and mobile phones has increased dramatically, and electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites have also seen significant development. Therefore, high-performance batteries that allow for repeated charging and discharging are being actively researched.

[0004] Commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), nickel-zinc (NiZn), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Among these, lithium-ion batteries have attracted significant attention because they exhibit virtually no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries and also possess very low self-discharge rates and high energy density.

[0005] With the commercialization of electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, and electric bicycles, the demand for high-capacity and high-performance batteries is increasing. However, as battery capacity increases, the time required to charge them also increases, which is a drawback. To address this issue, technologies for fast charging batteries are being developed, but there is a concern that fast charging may accelerate battery degradation. Therefore, to prevent battery degradation due to fast charging, a fast charging protocol that can efficiently charge batteries is needed.

[0006] In particular, it is necessary to prevent the phenomenon of lithium metal deposition on the surface of the negative electrode (lithium plating). If lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode, it causes side reactions with the electrolyte and alters the kinetic balance of the battery, which may lead to battery degradation. Furthermore, since internal short circuits can occur in the battery when lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode, there is a risk of fire and explosion due to internal short circuits.

[0007] Furthermore, it is necessary to prevent the collapse of the positive electrode structure due to overvoltage during fast charging. For example, in the case of manganese-rich batteries, manganese dissolved due to the collapse of the positive electrode structure during fast charging may be detected on the surface of the negative electrode. This negatively impacts the battery's capacity retention.

[0008] Therefore, a fast charging protocol is needed that can prevent the battery capacity retention rate from decreasing by avoiding lithium metal deposition on the negative electrode surface and the collapse of the positive electrode structure. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical issues

[0010] This disclosure is designed to address problems in the related art, and therefore, this disclosure aims to provide a charging protocol generation apparatus and method that generates a charging protocol capable of preventing a decrease in battery capacity retention.

[0011] These and other objects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description and will become even more fully apparent from the exemplary embodiments thereof. Furthermore, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of this disclosure can be achieved by the means and combinations thereof shown in the appended claims.

[0012] Technical solution

[0013] A charging protocol generation apparatus according to one aspect of this disclosure may include: a protocol acquisition unit configured to acquire a charging protocol representing the correspondence between the battery's maximum charge state (SOC) and a charging rate (c); a curve acquisition unit configured to acquire a resistance curve based on a reference curve and a baseline curve, the reference curve representing the correspondence between the battery's SOC and resistance during the charging process according to the charging rate (c), the baseline curve corresponding to a preset baseline (c); and a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging rate (c) of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve.

[0014] The control unit can be configured to determine a target SOC segment in the resistance curve and change the target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC segment in the charging protocol.

[0015] The control unit can be configured to reduce the target c rate.

[0016] The control unit can be configured to detect at least one peak in the resistance curve and determine the target SOC segment based on the detected peak.

[0017] The control unit can be configured to determine a target peak with the smallest corresponding SOC among at least one peak, and to determine the SOC segment including the target SOC of the target peak as the target SOC segment.

[0018] The control unit can be configured to identify a SOC segment within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC segment.

[0019] When multiple charging rates exist, the control unit can be configured to determine the target SOC segment based on one of multiple resistance curves corresponding to the multiple charging rates.

[0020] The control unit can be configured to determine the target SOC segment among multiple resistance curves that have the highest corresponding charging rate c.

[0021] The charging process can be configured to alternate between a repeating charging mode and a rest mode.

[0022] The reference curve can be configured to represent the correspondence between the resistance calculated based on the voltage change during each rest mode and the SOC corresponding to each rest mode.

[0023] The charging protocol can be configured to set a corresponding charging limit SOC for each charging rate based on the resistance variation pattern of a reference curve as SOC increases.

[0024] The resistance curve can be configured to represent the difference between the resistance of the reference curve for each SOC and the resistance of the benchmark curve for each SOC.

[0025] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the server may include a charging protocol generation device according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0026] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the battery management device can be configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from a charging protocol generation device according to one aspect of this disclosure, and control the charging of the target battery based on the corrected charging protocol.

[0027] A charging protocol generation method according to another aspect of this disclosure may include: a protocol obtaining step, which obtains a charging protocol representing the correspondence between the battery's maximum charge state (SOC) and the charging rate (c); a curve obtaining step, which obtains a resistance curve based on a reference curve and a baseline curve, the reference curve representing the correspondence between the battery's SOC and resistance during the charging process according to the charging rate (c), the baseline curve corresponding to a preset baseline (c); and a protocol correction step, which corrects the charging protocol by changing the charging rate (c) of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve.

[0028] Beneficial effects

[0029] According to one aspect of this disclosure, since the charging protocol can be corrected by taking into account the battery's resistance, a decrease in battery capacity retention can be prevented.

[0030] Furthermore, according to one aspect of this disclosure, since the charging protocol can be corrected by taking multiple resistance curves into account, the decrease in battery capacity retention can be prevented, and the battery charging time can also be shortened.

[0031] The effects of this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand from the description of the claims other effects not mentioned. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the foregoing disclosure, are intended to provide a further understanding of the technical features of the present disclosure; therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a charging protocol generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a charging protocol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a resistance curve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic time series diagram showing the battery voltage measured during the charging process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the area.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the state in which lithium metal deposits are formed on the negative electrode of a battery.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a graph showing multiple resistance curves according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figures 8 to 10 This is a graph showing reference curves obtained during the charging process under different charging conditions.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a graph showing an example of the complex impedance curve of a battery.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack including a battery management device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a charging device including a battery management device according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 14 This is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol generation method according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0045] It should be understood that the terms used in the specification and appended claims should not be construed as limited to their general or dictionary meanings, but rather should be interpreted based on their meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical aspects of this disclosure, on the basis of the principle that the inventors are allowed to define terms appropriately for the purpose of best illustration.

[0046] Therefore, the descriptions presented herein are merely preferred examples for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that other equivalents and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0047] Furthermore, in describing this disclosure, detailed descriptions of relevant known elements or functions are omitted herein when they are deemed to obscure the key subject matter of the disclosure.

[0048] Terms including ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” can be used to distinguish one element from another among various elements, but are not intended to limit these elements by these terms.

[0049] Throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as "including" or "contains" any element, unless otherwise expressly stated, it means that the part may also include other elements, rather than excluding other elements.

[0050] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when referring to one part as "connected" to another, it is not limited to the case where they are "directly connected," but also includes the case where they are "indirectly connected" with another element inserted between them.

[0051] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging protocol generation apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 The charging protocol generation device 100 may include a protocol acquisition unit 110, a curve acquisition unit 120, and a control unit 130.

[0054] The protocol acquisition unit 110 can be configured to acquire a charging protocol that represents the correspondence between the battery's charge limit SOC (state of charge) and the charging rate c.

[0055] Here, a battery refers to a single, physically separable cell with negative and positive terminals. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery can be considered a battery. Furthermore, batteries can be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-shaped. Additionally, a battery can refer to a battery bank, battery module, or battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. Below, for ease of explanation, a battery will be interpreted as referring to a single, independent cell.

[0056] Specifically, the charging protocol can be configured to indicate the maximum SOC (State of Charge) for each charging rate (c). The maximum SOC refers to the highest possible SOC that can be achieved when charging the battery at the corresponding charging rate without lithium plating. Typically, when charging the battery at the same charging rate (c), lithium plating tends to occur more frequently in high SOC regions than in relatively low SOC regions. In other words, high SOC regions are more susceptible to lithium plating when charging the battery. Furthermore, the maximum SOC tends to decrease as the charging rate (c) increases. Therefore, the maximum SOC corresponding to the charging rate (c) can be determined in relation to the timing of lithium plating occurrence.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a charging protocol according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. (See reference) Figure 2 It can be confirmed that as the charging rate (c) increases, the corresponding maximum state of charge (SOC) decreases. Specifically, when the charging rate (c) is 3.5 C, the maximum SOC is 15%. When the charging rate (c) is 2.5 C, the maximum SOC is 25%. When the charging rate (c) is 1 C, the maximum SOC is 55%. When the charging rate (c) is 0.5 C, the maximum SOC is 80%. When the charging rate (c) is 0.33 C, the maximum SOC is 100%.

[0058] For example, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can directly receive charging protocols from an external source. That is, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can receive charging protocols by connecting to an external source via wired and / or wireless means. For example, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can use CAN (Controller Area Network) communication or CAN-FD (CAN with Flexible Data Rate) communication to receive charging protocols from an external source. As another example, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can use Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or a mobile communication network to receive charging protocols from an external source. Of course, the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited as long as it supports communication between the protocol acquisition unit 110 and the external source.

[0059] As another example, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can receive from an external source a reference curve representing the relationship between the battery's state of charge (SOC) and resistance. The protocol acquisition unit 110 can then generate a charging protocol based on the received reference curve. Specifically, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can generate the charging protocol based on the pattern of resistance change with increasing SOC shown in the reference curve.

[0060] As another example, the protocol acquisition unit 110 can receive battery information about the battery's voltage and current from an external source. The protocol acquisition unit 110 can then estimate the battery's resistance and state of charge (SOC) based on the received battery information to generate a reference curve. SOC is the ratio of the battery's remaining capacity to its fully charged capacity and can be expressed as a value in the range of 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%. Known methods such as ampere counting, OCV (open-circuit voltage)-SOC curves, and / or Kalman filters can be used for SOC estimation. The protocol acquisition unit 110 can then generate a charging protocol based on the generated reference curve.

[0061] For ease of explanation, the following describes a specific example of generating a charging protocol based on a reference curve.

[0062] Simultaneously, a fast charging protocol can be configured based on a charging protocol that represents the correspondence between the charging rate (c) and the state of charge (SOC). Preferably, the fast charging protocol can be configured to divide the SOC segment into at least one SOC segment based on the SOC limit, such that the maximum allowable charging rate (c) corresponds to each SOC segment. The maximum allowable charging rate (c) for each SOC segment can refer to the charging rate in the charging protocol corresponding to the upper limit SOC of each SOC segment. By using this fast charging protocol, the battery can be charged at a high rate within the limit without lithium plating. In other words, by using a fast charging protocol based on the charging protocol, charging time can be shortened while preventing accelerated battery degradation.

[0063] For example, according to Figure 2 The fast charging protocol of this embodiment can be configured as follows. Based on multiple charging limits SOC (15%, 25%, 55%, 80%, 100%), the 0 to 100% SOC segment can be divided into a total of five SOC segments. For example, the SOC 0 to 100% segment can be divided into an SOC 0 to 15% segment, an SOC 15 to 25% segment, an SOC 25 to 55% segment, an SOC 55 to 80% segment, and an SOC 80 to 100% segment. Furthermore, the maximum allowable charging rate can be configured to correspond to each SOC segment.

[0064] Specifically, the permissible charging rates (C-rate) for the SOC 0 to 15% range are 3.5 C, 2.5 C, 1 C, 0.5 C, and 0.33 C. Therefore, the maximum permissible charging rate for the SOC 0 to 15% range is 3.5 C. For the SOC 15 to 25% range, the permissible charging rates (C-rate) are 2.5 C, 1 C, 0.5 C, and 0.33 C. Therefore, the maximum permissible charging rate for the SOC 15 to 25% range is 2.5 C. For the SOC 25 to 55% range, the permissible charging rates (C-rate) are 1 C, 0.5 C, and 0.33 C. Therefore, the maximum permissible charging rate for the SOC 25 to 55% range is 1 C. For the SOC 55 to 80% range, the permissible charging rates (C-rate) are 0.5 C and 0.33 C. Therefore, the maximum permissible charging rate (c) for the SOC 55 to 80% range is 0.5 C. For the SOC 80 to 100% range, the permissible charging rate (c) is 0.33 C.

[0065] In other words, the fast charging protocol can be configured as follows: for the SOC 0 to 15% range, a charging rate of 3.5 C corresponds to the charging rate; for the SOC 15 to 25% range, a charging rate of 2.5 C corresponds to the charging rate; for the SOC 25 to 55% range, a charging rate of 1 C corresponds to the charging rate; for the SOC 55 to 80% range, a charging rate of 0.5 C corresponds to the charging rate; and for the SOC 80 to 100% range, a charging rate of 0.33 C corresponds to the charging rate.

[0066] Protocol acquisition unit 110 can be connected to communicate with curve acquisition unit 120 and control unit 130. For example, protocol acquisition unit 110 can be connected to curve acquisition unit 120 and control unit 130 via wired and / or wireless means. Protocol acquisition unit 110 can send the acquired charging protocol to curve acquisition unit 120 and control unit 130.

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a resistance curve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] exist Figure 3 In this embodiment, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents SOC (%) and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents resistance (ohms).

[0069] The curve acquisition unit 120 can be configured to acquire a resistance curve based on a reference curve and a reference curve. The reference curve represents the relationship between the battery's SOC and resistance obtained during the charging process according to the charging rate c. The reference curve corresponds to a preset reference rate c.

[0070] Specifically, the charging process can be performed within a preset voltage range. That is, the charging process can begin from a preset lower charging voltage and continue until the battery voltage reaches a preset upper charging voltage. This voltage range can be preset by taking into account the charging rate (c) and / or the battery temperature at the start of the charging process.

[0071] The charging process can be configured to alternate between charging mode and rest mode.

[0072] Here, charging mode can refer to the period of time during which the battery is charged at a predetermined charging rate (c). In other words, in charging mode, charging current can be supplied to the battery. Rest mode can refer to the period of time during which charging of the battery is stopped. In other words, in rest mode, the supply of charging current to the battery can be cut off.

[0073] If a first switching condition is met, the charging mode can be switched to a rest mode. The first switching condition can be a time-based condition or a SOC-based condition. For example, if the duration of the charging mode (i.e., the time elapsed since the start time of the charging mode) reaches a first reference time, the first switching condition can be considered met. As another example, if the increase in battery SOC during the charging mode reaches a reference increase, the first switching condition can be considered met.

[0074] If the second switching condition is met, the rest mode can be switched to the charging mode. The second switching condition can be a time-based condition. For example, the second switching condition can be considered met when the duration of the rest mode (i.e., the time elapsed since the start time of the rest mode) reaches a second reference time. The second reference time can be preset. Preferably, the second reference time can be preset based on the battery's electrochemical characteristics data. For example, the second reference time can be preset by considering the battery's charge transfer resistance value. Furthermore, the battery's charge transfer resistance can be estimated based on EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) data. For ease of explanation, a specific example of determining the second reference time based on EIS data will be described later.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic time series diagram showing the battery voltage measured during the charging process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0076] exist Figure 4In this embodiment, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents time (minutes), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the battery voltage (V).

[0077] refer to Figure 4 It can be seen that the battery voltage generally tends to increase during the charging period, and the voltage increase segment in charging mode and the voltage decrease segment in rest mode alternately repeat.

[0078] The reference curve can be configured to represent the correspondence between the resistance calculated based on the voltage change during each rest mode and the SOC corresponding to each rest mode.

[0079] For example, Ohm's law can be used to calculate the resistance corresponding to each rest mode. Specifically, the resistance can be calculated by dividing the voltage change during the rest mode by the charging current value.

[0080] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 4 Part of the area (S) drop (Enlarged image)

[0081] refer to Figure 5 , t r1 t represents the time it takes for the charging mode to be switched to the rest mode. r2 This represents the time when the pause mode is switched to the charging mode, and Δt rest Indicates the duration of the pause pattern (e.g., the second reference time, i.e., t). r2 - t r1 V r1 Indicates at t r1 The voltage value at that point, V r2 Indicates at t r2 The voltage value at that point, and ΔV rest This represents the change in voltage (i.e., V). r1 - V r2 ).

[0082] For example, Formula 1 can be used to calculate the resistance corresponding to the rest mode.

[0083] <Formula 1>

[0084] Here, I CC Represents the charging current (i.e., the constant current at the charging rate c), and R CT Indicates resistance.

[0085] The SOC corresponding to a rest mode can represent the SOC value for each rest mode, and it is sufficient as long as it can be determined by the same standard during the charging process. For example, the SOC corresponding to a rest mode can refer to the initial SOC (i.e., the highest SOC) of each rest mode. As another example, the SOC corresponding to a rest mode can refer to the SOC at the end of each rest mode (i.e., the lowest SOC). As yet another example, the SOC corresponding to a rest mode can refer to the average SOC during each rest mode.

[0086] The reference C-rate can be preset. For example, the reference C-rate can be set to a sufficiently low C-rate. Specifically, the reference C-rate can be set so low that lithium plating is unlikely to occur in high SOC regions during battery charging (e.g., 0.33 C). As another example, the reference C-rate can be preset to the lowest C-rate among those included in the charging protocol.

[0087] The resistance curve can be configured to represent the difference between the resistance of the reference curve for each SOC and the resistance of the benchmark curve for each SOC.

[0088] Specifically, any state of charge (SOC) can be selected, and a resistor corresponding to that SOC can be determined from a reference curve, and a resistor corresponding to that SOC can be determined from a reference curve. Then, the resistance difference between the determined resistance of the reference curve and the resistance of the reference curve can be calculated. This process can be repeated for the range of SOCs common to both the reference and reference curves to obtain the resistance curve.

[0089] For example, in Figure 3 In one embodiment, the resistance curve can represent the resistance difference for each SOC between a reference curve corresponding to 3.5 C and a baseline curve corresponding to 0.33 C.

[0090] The control unit 130 can be configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve.

[0091] Specifically, the control unit 130 can be configured to determine the target SOC segment from the resistance curve.

[0092] Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine the target SOC segment by taking into account the resistance magnitude and / or the change in resistance magnitude of the resistance curve.

[0093] For example, the control unit 130 can define the segment of the resistance curve where the resistance is greater than a predetermined threshold resistance as the target SOC segment. Here, the threshold resistance can be preset by considering factors such as the type of battery, the type of active material, and the composition ratio of the active material. Preferably, the threshold resistance can be preset to a value lower than or equal to the starting resistance of the resistance curve.

[0094] For example, in Figure 3 In one embodiment, the control unit 130 can determine the segment of the resistance curve P_R where the resistance is greater than the initial resistance (Rs) as the target SOC segment.

[0095] As another example, the control unit 130 can identify the target SOC segment as the section of the resistance curve where the resistance first increases rapidly and then decreases rapidly. In other words, the target SOC segment can be determined based on the maximum point of the resistance curve. An embodiment of determining the target SOC segment based on the maximum point will be described later.

[0096] The control unit 130 can be configured to change the target c rate corresponding to the target SOC segment in the charging protocol.

[0097] Specifically, the control unit 130 can compare the target SOC segment with the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol, and determine the target c rate based on the comparison result.

[0098] More specifically, the control unit 130 can compare the upper limit of the target SOC segment with the charging limit SOC, and determine the target c rate based on the comparison result.

[0099] The control unit 130 can determine the charging limit SOC that exceeds the upper limit of the target SOC segment, and determine the charging c rate corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC as the target c rate. If there are multiple charging limit SOCs that exceed the upper limit of the target SOC segment, the control unit 130 can determine the charging c rate corresponding to the smallest SOC among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs as the target c rate.

[0100] For example, in Figure 2 In one embodiment, when the target SOC range is determined to be SOC 0 to 10%, the control unit 130 can compare the SOC 10%, which is the upper limit of the target SOC range, with multiple charging limit SOCs included in the charging protocol individually. Charging limit SOCs exceeding 10% can be determined as 15%, 25%, 55%, 80%, and 100%. The control unit 130 can determine 3.5 C, which corresponds to the minimum SOC among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs—15%—as the target C-rate.

[0101] Furthermore, if there exists a charging limit SOC that is lower than or equal to the upper limit of the target SOC segment, the control unit 130 can determine the charging limit SOC that is lower than or equal to the upper limit of the target SOC segment, and also determine the charging rate c corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC as the target c rate. That is, if there exists a charging limit SOC that is lower than or equal to the upper limit of the target SOC segment, multiple target c rates can be determined.

[0102] For example, in Figure 2 In this embodiment, when the target SOC range is determined to be SOC 0 to 20%, the control unit 130 can compare the SOC 20%, which is the upper limit of the target SOC range, with multiple charging limit SOCs included in the charging protocol individually. Charging limit SOCs exceeding 20% ​​can be determined as 25%, 55%, 80%, and 100%. The control unit 130 can determine 2.5 C, which corresponds to the minimum SOC of 25% among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs, as the target c-rate. Furthermore, since there is a charging limit SOC (15%) lower than or equal to 20%, the control unit 130 can also determine 3.5 C, which corresponds to the charging limit SOC of 15%, as the target c-rate. In other words, the control unit 130 can determine 2.5 C and 3.5 C from the charging c-rates of the charging protocol as target c-rates.

[0103] As another example, the control unit 130 can determine the target c-rate based on the result of individually comparing the lower limit of the target SOC segment with the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol. Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine a charging limit SOC that is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the target SOC segment, and determine the charging c-rate corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC as the target c-rate. If multiple determined charging limit SOCs exist, the charging c-rate corresponding to the charging limit SOC with the smallest SOC can be determined as the target c-rate.

[0104] As another example, the control unit 130 can determine the target c-rate based on the result of individually comparing the upper and lower limits of the target SOC segment with the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol. Similar to the previous embodiments, the control unit 130 can determine the target c-rate as the charging limit SOC corresponding to a charging limit SOC equal to or greater than the lower limit of the target SOC segment and the charging limit SOC corresponding to a charging limit SOC equal to or less than the upper limit of the target SOC segment.

[0105] If multiple target c-rates corresponding to a target SOC segment are determined, the control unit 130 can be configured to change all of the multiple target c-rates.

[0106] Preferably, the control unit 130 can be configured to reduce the target c rate. That is, the control unit 130 can reduce the target c rate for the target SOC segment.

[0107] In one embodiment, the control unit 130 may reduce the target c-rate to any of the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol. Preferably, the control unit 130 may reduce the target c-rate to the lowest charging c-rate included in the charging protocol.

[0108] exist Figure 2 In one embodiment, the target SOC range is assumed to be SOC 0 to 10%. Since the lowest charging rate (C-rate) included in the charging protocol is 0.33 C, the control unit 130 can reduce the target C-rate corresponding to the target SOC range to 0.33 C. That is, the C-rate corresponding to the SOC range of 0 to 10% (above 0% and below 10%) is 0.33 C, and the C-rate corresponding to the SOC range of 10 to 15% (above 10% and below 15%) is 3.5 C. In another embodiment, the control unit 130 can reduce the target C-rate to a preset reference C-rate. Here, the reference C-rate is a C-rate set experimentally or theoretically to prevent lithium plating. Preferably, the reference C-rate can be set to a value lower than the charging C-rate corresponding to the target SOC range.

[0109] For example, the reference c-rate can be set to 0.5 C or less. Preferably, the reference c-rate can be set to 0.33 C or less.

[0110] As another example, the reference c-rate can be set to correspond to the battery's state of charge (SOC). Specifically, the reference c-rate can be preset to the maximum c-rate at which lithium plating will not occur during charging within the target SOC range.

[0111] When a battery is charged at a high charging rate (c), the battery overvoltage can increase rapidly. When the battery overvoltage increases rapidly, the time it takes for the battery voltage to reach its maximum charging voltage is earlier compared to a situation without overvoltage. Furthermore, when the battery voltage reaches its maximum charging voltage earlier, the battery's capacity retention decreases. In other words, repeated fast charging can lead to accelerated battery degradation.

[0112] When the battery is charged at the same rate of charge (c), the magnitude of overvoltage occurring in a relatively high SOC region tends to be greater than that occurring in a relatively low SOC region. Furthermore, when charging the battery at the same rate of charge (c), there tends to be a higher risk of lithium plating where lithium metal deposits on the negative electrode in a relatively high SOC region.

[0113] Furthermore, the occurrence of this lithium plating phenomenon can be determined based on whether the battery resistance changes rapidly.

[0114] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of lithium metal deposits forming on the negative electrode of a battery. (Reference) Figure 6 The relationship between lithium plating and battery resistance is explained.

[0115] Specifically, the battery is charged via a lithium intercalation reaction, where lithium ions intercalate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. Electrons are consumed during this intercalation reaction. However, when lithium metal deposition occurs on the negative electrode, the intercalation and deposition reactions compete for electrons. That is, when lithium metal deposits form on the negative electrode, the electron migration path may expand compared to the case where no lithium metal deposits are formed. Therefore, the charge transfer resistance may decrease rapidly. More specifically, the interface resistance is the total resistance caused by the SEI (solid electrolyte interface), charge transfer, and bilayer, and is greatly affected by charge accumulation on the positive and negative electrode surfaces of the battery cells. Because the resistance caused by lithium metal deposits formed on the negative electrode surface is combined with the interface resistance, the interface resistance may decrease as the amount of lithium metal deposits increases. Therefore, when creating a fast charging protocol, the following approach can be adopted: use a high charging rate (c-rate) at the beginning of charging and gradually decrease the charging rate (c-rate) as the battery's SOC increases.

[0116] However, for some batteries, when charged at a high c-rate, the resistance increases rapidly in the low SOC region, and the structure of the positive electrode may collapse. Furthermore, since metals in the positive electrode active material may be detected on the surface of the negative electrode, charging at a high c-rate may be undesirable from the perspective of battery capacity retention, even in the low SOC region.

[0117] For example, in the case of manganese-rich batteries, it has been found that when charging at a high rate (c), the resistance in the low state of charge (SOC) segment increases rapidly, and the amount of manganese detected on the negative electrode surface increases. This is because the structure of the positive electrode of the manganese-rich battery collapses during charging at a high rate (c), and the extracted manganese is detected on the negative electrode surface.

[0118] In other words, since the charging protocol generation device 100 can correct the charging protocol by reducing the c-rate corresponding to the target SOC segment, it has the advantage of being able to generate a charging protocol that can further increase the battery's lifespan and safety.

[0119] Meanwhile, the control unit 130 included in the charging protocol generation device 100 may optionally include processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc., known in the art, to execute the various control logics performed in this disclosure. Furthermore, when the control logic is implemented as software, the control unit 130 can be implemented as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules can be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit 130. The memory can be located inside or outside the control unit 130 and can be connected to the control unit 130 by various well-known means.

[0120] Furthermore, the charging protocol generation device 100 may also include a storage unit 140. The storage unit 140 may store data required for the operation and function of each component of the charging protocol generation device 100, data generated during the execution of operations or functions, etc. The storage unit 140 is not particularly limited in its type, as long as it is a known information storage device capable of recording, erasing, updating, and retrieving data. As examples, the information storage device may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit 140 may store program code that defines processes executable by the control unit 130.

[0121] Specifically, storage unit 140 can store information required by control unit 130 to diagnose the battery's state. For example, storage unit 140 can store reference curves, baseline curves, etc. Furthermore, control unit 130 can access storage unit 140 to obtain information required for diagnosing the battery's state. For example, the charging protocol obtained by protocol acquisition unit 110 is stored in storage unit 140, and control unit 130 can access storage unit 140 to obtain the stored charging protocol. The resistance curve obtained by curve acquisition unit 120 is stored in storage unit 140, and control unit 130 can access storage unit 140 to obtain the stored resistance curve.

[0122] The following describes a specific embodiment of determining the target SOC segment based on the peak of the resistance curve according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0123] For example, the control unit 130 can be configured to detect at least one peak in the resistance curve and determine the target SOC segment based on the detected peak.

[0124] Specifically, the resistance curve may include at least one peak. Here, a peak refers to a point among the points where the instantaneous rate of change of resistance with respect to SOC is 0, exhibiting an upward convex shape. In other words, a peak refers to a maximum point of the resistance curve. Based on this peak, the instantaneous rate of change of resistance with respect to the low SOC region is positive, and the instantaneous rate of change of resistance with respect to the high SOC region is negative. The control unit 130 can detect at least one peak included in the resistance curve.

[0125] Specifically, the control unit 130 can be configured to determine a target peak with the smallest corresponding SOC among at least one peak.

[0126] exist Figure 3 In this embodiment, the control unit 130 can detect two peaks (Peak1, Peak2) included in the resistance curve. The control unit 130 can then determine the peak with the smallest corresponding SOC (State of Charge) among the two peaks (Peak1, Peak2) and designate the determined peak as the target peak. Specifically, since the SOC corresponding to peak (Peak1) is approximately 10% and the SOC corresponding to peak (Peak2) is approximately 35%, the control unit 130 can designate the peak (Peak1) with the smaller corresponding SOC as the target peak (TP).

[0127] The control unit 130 can be configured to identify the SOC segment that includes the target peak as the target SOC segment.

[0128] Specifically, the upper and lower limits of the target SOC segment can be determined by taking the target SOC into account. For example, the control unit 130 can determine the upper limit of the target SOC segment to be higher than or equal to the target SOC value. Furthermore, the control unit 130 can determine the lower limit of the target SOC segment to be lower than or equal to the target SOC value.

[0129] The control unit 130 can be configured to identify a SOC segment within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC segment.

[0130] For example, the control unit 130 can define a SOC segment within a predetermined range from the target SOC in the negative direction as the target SOC segment. That is, the control unit 130 can define the upper limit of the target SOC segment as the target SOC. Preferably, the lower limit of the target SOC segment can be defined as the minimum permissible SOC (e.g., 0%) or the lower limit of the SOC range in which charging is performed.

[0131] exist Figure 3 In one embodiment, the control unit 130 can determine the SOC segment in which the lower limit is 0% and the upper limit is the target SOC (TP, about 10%) as the target SOC segment.

[0132] As another example, the control unit 130 may define a SOC segment that falls within a predetermined range from the target SOC in both the positive and negative directions as a target SOC segment. Preferably, the lower limit of the target SOC segment may be defined as the minimum permissible SOC (e.g., 0%) or the lower limit of the SOC range in which charging is performed.

[0133] exist Figure 3 In one embodiment, the control unit 130 can set SOC 0% as the lower limit and determine the SOC segment within 10% of the target SOC (approximately 10%) in the positive direction as the target SOC segment.

[0134] On the other hand, if only the SOC segment falling within a predetermined range from the target SOC in the positive direction is defined as the target SOC segment, then the charging rate (c) will not change for SOC segments below the target SOC. In this case, only the charging rate (c) of the intermediate SOC segment is changed in the charging protocol, and in the low SOC segment where the charging rate (c) is not changed, there is a problem that the positive electrode structure may collapse, which is undesirable.

[0135] In other words, the charging protocol generation device 100 can set a target SOC segment where the charging rate (c) should be reduced by taking into account the battery's resistance, in order to prevent lithium plating during charging. Therefore, according to the charging protocol generated by the charging protocol generation device 100, unnecessary lithium metal deposition can be prevented during battery charging, and the collapse of the positive electrode structure can be prevented.

[0136] Figure 7 This is a graph showing multiple resistance curves P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] exist Figure 7 In this embodiment, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents the state of charge (SOC), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the resistance.

[0138] refer to Figure 7 The first resistance curve, P_R1, corresponds to a charging rate of 3.5 C. The second resistance curve, P_R2, corresponds to a charging rate of 2.5 C. The third resistance curve, P_R3, corresponds to a charging rate of 1 C. The fourth resistance curve, P_R4, corresponds to a charging rate of 0.5 C. The fifth resistance curve, P_R5, corresponds to a charging rate of 0.33 C.

[0139] If multiple resistance curves exist, the control unit 130 can determine the target SOC segment based on any one of the multiple resistance curves P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5.

[0140] For example, the control unit 130 can be configured to determine the target SOC segment from among the resistance curves P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5 that have the largest corresponding charging rate c.

[0141] refer to Figure 7 Among the multiple resistance curves P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, and P_R5, the resistance curve with the highest corresponding charging rate c is the first resistance curve P_R1. The control unit 130 can be configured to determine the target SOC segment from the first resistance curve P_R1.

[0142] exist Figure 7 In this context, as the corresponding charging rate (c) increases, the target SOC included in the resistance curve tends to decrease. Therefore, if the control unit 130 uses the resistance curve with the largest corresponding charging rate (c) to determine the target SOC segment, it can determine the narrowest segment among the target SOC segments that can be determined based on multiple resistance curves P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, and P_R5. In other words, since the target peak with the smallest corresponding SOC is determined among the multiple selectable target peaks, and the target SOC segment is determined based on the determined target peak, the target SOC segment in which the charging rate (c) is changed can be minimized. Furthermore, since the target SOC segment in which the charging rate (c) decreases is determined to be the smallest, the battery can be charged faster using the generated charging protocol compared to using a charging protocol based on another resistance curve.

[0143] In other words, since the charging protocol generation device 100 changes the c-rate for the smallest target SOC segment by taking into account multiple resistance curves, it can generate a charging protocol that prevents battery degradation and enables fast charging.

[0144] The following describes a specific embodiment of setting the charging protocol based on a reference curve. Specifically, it describes a specific embodiment of determining the maximum state of charge (SOC) corresponding to the charging rate (c) based on a reference curve.

[0145] Figures 8 to 10 This is a graph showing reference curves 800, 900, and 1000 obtained during the charging process under different charging conditions.

[0146] Figure 8This is a graph illustrating an example of a first reference curve 800 obtained by performing a charging process on the battery under first charging conditions, in which the charging rate (c) is 0.5 C and the battery temperature (e.g., the temperature measured at the start of the charging process) is 25°C. ΔSOC int1 It is the range of SOC of interest associated with the first charging condition (e.g., 88 to 97%).

[0147] Figure 9 This is a graph illustrating an example of a second reference curve 900 obtained by performing a charging process on the battery under second charging conditions, where the charging rate (c) is 2 C and the battery temperature is 25°C. ΔSOC int2 It is the range of SOC of interest associated with the second charging condition (e.g., 68 to 77%).

[0148] Figure 10 This is a graph illustrating an example of a third reference curve 1000 obtained by performing a charging process on the battery under a third charging condition, in which the charging rate (c) is 2 C and the battery temperature is 10°C. ΔSOC int3 This refers to the range of SOC of interest associated with the third charging condition (e.g., 63 to 72%).

[0149] Here, the range of SOC of interest can be preset to correspond to each charging condition. Since the range of SOC of interest is used to determine the charging limit SOC corresponding to the charging rate c, it can be preset to the high SOC segment.

[0150] The charging protocol can be configured such that the resistor based on the reference curve sets a corresponding charging limit SOC for each charging rate according to the changing pattern of the SOC.

[0151] refer to Figure 8 Within the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int1 Within this range, the resistance only shows an increasing pattern as the SOC increases. That is, within the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC)... int1 Within this range, the first derivative of the first reference curve 800 is positive. In this way, when confirming the continuous increase in resistance as the SOC increases, the control unit 130 can set the endpoint (P) of the first reference curve 800. A The SOC at point Z is determined as the charging limit SOC (Z). A In other words, the charging limit SOC (Z) A ) can be equal to the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int1 The upper limit of SOC.

[0152] refer to Figure 9Within the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int2 Within the range of SOC, the resistance first increases and then decreases as SOC increases. If the increasing and decreasing resistance segments are adjacent in this manner, the control unit 130 can determine the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) of the second reference curve 900. int2 The maximum point (P) included within ) B The SOC at point Z is determined as the charging limit SOC (Z). B Specifically, the control unit 130 can obtain a first-order differential curve by taking the first-order differential with respect to the second reference curve 900 relative to the SOC. The control unit 130 can determine the SOC at the point in the first-order differential curve where the differential resistance value (dR / dSOC) changes from positive to negative as the SOC increases as the charging limit SOC (Z). B In other words, the charging limit SOC (Z) B ) can be equal to the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int2 The maximum point (P) included within ) B The corresponding SOC.

[0153] refer to Figure 10 Within the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int3 Within this curve, as the State of Charge (SOC) increases, the resistance only shows a decreasing pattern. If the continuous decreasing pattern of the resistance with increasing SOC is confirmed in this manner, the control unit 130 can determine the inflection point (P) of the third reference curve 1000. C The SOC at point Z is determined as the charging limit SOC (Z). C Specifically, the control unit 130 can obtain a second-order differential curve by taking the second-order differential with respect to the third reference curve 1000 relative to the SOC. The control unit 130 can determine the SOC at the point in the second-order differential curve where the second-order differential resistance value (d²R / dSOC²) changes from positive to negative as the SOC increases as the charging limit SOC (Z). C In other words, the charging limit SOC (Z) C ) can be equal to the range of SOC of interest (ΔSOC) int3 The inflection point (P) included within ) C The corresponding SOC.

[0154] Figures 8 to 10 The charging limit SOC (Z) shown in the figure A Z B Z CThe SOC values ​​represent the maximum State of Charge (SOC) at which lithium metal will not deposit on the negative electrode surface when the battery is charged at the corresponding charging rate (c). In other words, when the battery is charged at the corresponding charging rate (c), lithium plating may occur in the SOC range above the charging limit SOC. Therefore, the charging limit SOC for each of the multiple charging rates can be determined, and a charging protocol that maps the corresponding charging rate to the charging limit SOC can be set.

[0155] Below, we describe a specific example of determining a second reference time based on EIS data.

[0156] Figure 11 This is a graph showing an example of the complex impedance curve of a battery.

[0157] EIS data can be obtained by repeatedly measuring the complex impedance of a battery by applying an AC signal to it. In other words, Figure 11 This could be a Nyquist plot showing the impedance change of the battery as the frequency of the AC signal changes. Furthermore, the process of obtaining the battery's complex impedance curve is performed once before the battery charging process is initiated, and the AC signal is applied to the battery only for a short time, thus causing minimal damage to the battery.

[0158] R S R represents the ohmic resistance of a single battery cell and is almost unaffected by the presence or absence of lithium deposits. p R represents the charge transfer resistance of the battery. A R represents the internal resistance of the battery. A =R S +R p .

[0159] The reference frequency can be determined based on the complex impedance curve. Furthermore, the second reference time can be determined based on this reference frequency.

[0160] Specifically, the complex impedance curve can be divided into a convex segment and a sloping segment. Here, the convex segment can be a segment related to the resistance of current movement. The sloping segment can be a straight line extending to the right of the convex segment, and can be related to the diffusion resistance (R0) of the battery. dif The relevant sections. The boundary points (R) of convex and inclined sections can be considered. A The frequency of the AC signal applied at point () is determined as the reference frequency.

[0161] Due to the boundary point (R) A It is related to the charge transfer resistance, therefore if at the boundary point (R) AIf the frequency of the AC signal applied at point ( ) is determined as the reference frequency, then the rest mode can continuously observe the appropriate time required for voltage changes caused by the battery's internal resistance. Therefore, it can prevent the degradation of the accuracy of the internal resistance estimation due to the second reference time being set too short or too long.

[0162] The second reference time can be determined based on the reference frequency. Specifically, the second reference time and the reference frequency can have a predetermined negative correspondence. For example, using Equation 2, the second reference time can be determined based on the reference frequency.

[0163] <Formula 2>

[0164] Here, f i-d Let w represent the reference frequency, w represent a predetermined margin constant (preferably a constant greater than or equal to 1), and Δt R This indicates the second reference time.

[0165] In other words, the second reference time can be set to be equal to or greater than the reference frequency (f). i-d The value is obtained by multiplying the reciprocal of ) by the margin constant (w).

[0166] The charging protocol generation apparatus 100 according to this disclosure can be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, the BMS according to this disclosure may include the charging protocol generation apparatus 100 described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the charging protocol generation apparatus 100 can be implemented by supplementing or adding the functions of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the protocol acquisition unit 110, the curve acquisition unit 120, and the control unit 130 of the charging protocol generation apparatus 100 can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0167] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the server may include a charging protocol generation device 100.

[0168] The server can connect to at least one Battery Management System (BMS) to communicate with it via wired and / or wireless communication. Furthermore, the server can connect to communicate with devices such as charging stations that control battery charging, as well as with the BMS. Additionally, the server can connect to communicate with at least one user terminal. Furthermore, the server can connect to communicate with a battery manufacturing system that manufactures batteries and sets initial data for them.

[0169] The server can receive charging protocols for the battery from external sources. For example, the server can receive charging protocols from a BMS, battery manufacturing system, or user terminal connected to the battery.

[0170] Furthermore, the server can receive a reference curve from an external source and directly generate a resistance curve based on the received reference curve and a preset baseline curve. As another example, the server can also receive a resistance curve from an external source.

[0171] The server can calibrate the charging protocol by changing the charging rate (c) based on the generated resistance curve. The server can then send the calibrated charging protocol to a device such as a battery management system (BMS) that controls battery charging, enabling the battery to be charged efficiently and quickly.

[0172] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery management device can be configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from the charging protocol generation device 100 and control the charging of the target battery based on the corrected charging protocol.

[0173] For example, the battery management device can be connected to the charging protocol generation device 100 via wired and / or wireless means, and receive the corrected charging protocol from the charging protocol generation device 100.

[0174] As another example, the battery management device may include a charging protocol generation device 100.

[0175] The battery management device can determine whether the State of Charge (SOC) of the target battery is included in a target SOC segment. Specifically, the battery management device can determine whether the SOC of the target battery is less than or equal to the upper limit and greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target SOC segment. If the SOC of the target battery is included in the target SOC segment, the battery management device can control the target battery to charge at a charging rate (c) corresponding to the target SOC segment. Conversely, if the SOC of the target battery is not included in the target SOC segment, the battery management device can compare the charging limit SOC of the corrected charging protocol with the SOC of the target battery and determine the charging rate (c) based on the comparison result. The battery management device can determine a charging limit SOC greater than or equal to the SOC of the target battery. Then, the battery management device can control the target battery to charge at a charging rate (c) corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC. If there are multiple charging limit SOCs greater than or equal to the SOC of the target battery, the battery management device can control the target battery to charge at the maximum charging rate (c) among the charging rates corresponding to each of the multiple charging limit SOCs.

[0176] Furthermore, a battery management device can be disposed within the battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to this disclosure may include the aforementioned battery management device and at least one battery cell. Additionally, the battery pack may also include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a housing.

[0177] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery pack 1 including a battery management device 10 according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] The positive terminal of battery 11 can be connected to the positive terminal P+ of battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of battery 11 can be connected to the negative terminal P- of battery pack 1.

[0179] The measuring unit 12 can be connected to a first sensing line SL1, a second sensing line SL2, and a third sensing line SL3. Specifically, the measuring unit 12 can be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 11 via the first sensing line SL1 and to the negative terminal of the battery 11 via the second sensing line SL2. The measuring unit 12 can measure the voltage of the battery 11 based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2.

[0180] Furthermore, the measurement unit 12 can be connected to the current measurement unit A via the third sensing line SL3. For example, the current measurement unit A can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 11. The measurement unit 12 can measure the charging current of the battery 11 and calculate the charging amount via the third sensing line SL3. Additionally, the measurement unit 12 can measure the discharging current of the battery 11 and calculate the discharging amount via the third sensing line SL3.

[0181] One end of the charging and discharging unit (not shown) can be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, and the other end can be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1. Therefore, the positive terminal of the battery 11, the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, the charging and discharging unit, the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 11 can be electrically connected.

[0182] For example, the charging and discharging unit can be a charging device, or it can be the motor of an electric vehicle that receives power from the battery 11.

[0183] Furthermore, the battery management device 10 can be disposed in the charging device. For example, the charging device according to this disclosure includes the battery management device 10 described above, and the charging device can be connected to a battery pack.

[0184] At the same time, Figure 12 In the diagram, the charging protocol generation device 100 is shown as being included in the battery management device 10, but the charging protocol generation device 100 may be located outside the battery management device 10 and may be connected to the battery management device 10 via wired and / or wireless means.

[0185] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a charging device 2 that includes a battery management device 10 according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0186] One end of the charging device 2 can be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, and the other end of the charging device 2 can be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1. The battery management device 10 of the charging device 2 can be configured to control the charging of the battery pack 1 using a charging protocol generated by the charging protocol generation device 100.

[0187] At the same time, Figure 13 In this diagram, the charging protocol generation device 100 is shown as being included within the battery management device 10, but the charging protocol generation device 100 may exist externally to the charging device 2 and / or the battery management device 10, and may be connected to the battery management device 10 via wired and / or wireless means. For example, the charging protocol generation device 100 may exist externally to the charging device 2, and may be connected to the battery management device 10 via wired and / or wireless means. The battery management device 10 may receive charging protocols from the charging protocol generation device 100, and control the charging of the battery pack 1 based on the received charging protocols.

[0188] Figure 14 This is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol generation method according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0189] refer to Figure 14 The charging protocol generation method may include a protocol acquisition step (S100), a curve acquisition step (S200), and a protocol correction step (S300).

[0190] Preferably, each step of the charging protocol generation method can be performed by the charging protocol generation device 100. In the following text, for ease of explanation, content repeated above will be omitted or briefly described.

[0191] The protocol acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a charging protocol that represents the correspondence between the battery's charging limit SOC and the charging rate c, and can be executed by the protocol acquisition unit 110.

[0192] The curve acquisition step (S200) is a step of obtaining a resistance curve based on a reference curve and a reference curve, and can be executed by the curve acquisition unit 120. The reference curve represents the correspondence between the SOC of the battery and the resistance during the charging process according to the charging rate c, and the reference curve corresponds to a preset reference rate c.

[0193] The resistance curve can be configured to represent the difference between the resistance of the reference curve for each SOC and the resistance of the benchmark curve for each SOC.

[0194] Specifically, any SOC can be selected, and the resistance corresponding to the selected SOC in the reference curve can be determined, as well as the resistance corresponding to the SOC selected from the reference curve. Then, the resistance difference between the determined resistance of the reference curve and the resistance of the reference curve can be calculated. This process can be repeated for the range of SOCs common to both the reference curve and the reference curve to obtain the resistance curve.

[0195] The protocol calibration step (S300) is a step of calibrating the charging protocol by changing the charging rate c of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve, and can be executed by the control unit 130.

[0196] The control unit 130 can be configured to determine a target SOC segment from a resistance curve. Specifically, the control unit 130 can determine the target SOC segment by taking into account the magnitude of the resistance and / or the variation in the magnitude of the resistance of the resistance curve.

[0197] The control unit 130 can be configured to change the target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC segment in the charging protocol. Specifically, the control unit 130 can compare the target SOC segment with the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol and determine the target c-rate based on the comparison result. Furthermore, the control unit 130 can be configured to decrease the target c-rate.

[0198] For example, the control unit 130 can reduce the target c-rate to any of the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol. Preferably, the control unit 130 can reduce the target c-rate to the lowest charging c-rate included in the charging protocol.

[0199] The embodiments of this disclosure described above can be implemented not only by apparatus and methods, but also by a program that implements functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of this disclosure, or a recording medium on which the program is stored. Based on the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can readily implement the program or recording medium.

[0200] This disclosure has been described in detail. However, it should be understood that while the detailed description and specific examples indicate preferred embodiments of this disclosure, they are given by way of illustration only, as various changes and modifications within the scope of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on this detailed description.

[0201] Furthermore, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications and changes to the present disclosure described above without departing from the technical aspects of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings, and each embodiment can be selectively combined in part or in whole to allow for various modifications.

[0202] (Explanation of the labels in the attached diagram)

[0203] 1: Battery pack

[0204] 2: Charging equipment

[0205] 10: Battery management equipment

[0206] 11: Battery

[0207] 12: Measurement Unit

[0208] 100: Charging protocol generation device

[0209] 110: Protocol Acquisition Unit

[0210] 120: Curve Acquisition Unit

[0211] 130: Control Unit

[0212] 140: Storage unit

Claims

1. A charging protocol generation device comprising: a protocol obtaining unit configured to obtain a charging protocol representing a correspondence between a charging limit SOC and a charging c-rate of a battery; a curve obtaining unit configured to obtain a resistance curve based on a reference curve representing a correspondence between an SOC of the battery and a resistance during a charging process according to the charging c-rate and a reference curve corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve. 2.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 1, the control unit is configured to determine a target SOC section in the resistance curve, and change a target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section in the charging protocol. wherein 3.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 2, the control unit is configured to decrease the target c-rate. wherein 4.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 2, the control unit is configured to detect at least one peak in the resistance curve, and determine the target SOC section based on the detected peak. wherein, 5.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 4, the control unit is configured to determine a target peak having a smallest corresponding SOC among the at least one peak, and determine a SOC section including a target SOC of the target peak as the target SOC section. wherein 6.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 5, the control unit is configured to determine a SOC section within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC section. wherein 7.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 4, when there are a plurality of charging c-rates, the control unit is configured to determine the target SOC section based on one resistance curve among a plurality of resistance curves corresponding to the plurality of charging c-rates. wherein, 8.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 7, the control unit is configured to determine the target SOC section in a resistance curve having a largest corresponding charging c-rate among the plurality of resistance curves. wherein 9.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 1, the charging process is configured to alternately repeat a charging mode and a rest mode, and wherein wherein the reference curve is configured to represent a correspondence between a resistance calculated based on an amount of voltage change during each rest mode and an SOC corresponding to each rest mode. 10.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 9, the charging protocol is configured to set a corresponding charging limit SOC for each charging c-rate based on a pattern of change of the resistance of the reference curve as the SOC increases. wherein 11.The charging protocol generation device according to claim 1, the resistance curve is configured to represent a difference between a resistance for each SOC of the reference curve and a resistance for each SOC of the reference curve. wherein, ​ 12. A server comprising the charging protocol generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A battery management apparatus configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from the charging protocol generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and control charging of a charging target battery based on the corrected charging protocol.

14. A charging protocol generation method comprising: a protocol obtaining step of obtaining a charging protocol representing a correspondence between a charging limit SOC and a charging c-rate of a battery; a curve obtaining step of obtaining a resistance curve based on a reference curve representing a correspondence between an SOC of the battery and a resistance during a charging process according to the charging c-rate, and a reference curve corresponding to a predetermined reference c-rate; and a protocol correcting step of correcting the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance curve. ​

Images