Membrane separation and concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash

Abstract

The invention discloses a membrane separation and concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash, relates to the technical field of membrane separation, and aims to solve the technical problem that a concentrated solution is difficult to form a high-concentration state due to reduction of membrane flux caused by thickening of a filter cake layer. An annular filter membrane is installed on the rotating frame, a concentration chamber is formed in an inner cavity of the annular filter membrane, a supporting pipe body is arranged in the concentration chamber, a liquid inlet channel is arranged in an inner cavity of the supporting pipe body, and a plurality of gathering plates and collecting assemblies are further arranged in the concentration chamber. The device has the advantages that a stable filter cake layer formed on the surface of the membrane during static filtration is broken, membrane hole blockage caused by continuous deposition of impurities is avoided, a concentrated solution can be in full contact with a new filter hole area, which does not participate in preliminary filtration, of the annular filter membrane, the filter area of the filter membrane is utilized to the maximum extent, and the filter efficiency and the concentration multiple are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of membrane separation technology, and more specifically, to a membrane separation and concentration system for treating fly ash from solid waste incineration. Background Technology

[0002] Fly ash is fine particulate matter produced by solid waste incineration. It contains pollutants such as heavy metals, soluble salts, and dioxins, and is classified as hazardous waste. It requires harmless and volume-reduced treatment before disposal. Membrane separation and concentration systems are key units in the wet treatment of fly ash. The membrane separation and concentration process for incinerated fly ash typically involves first preparing a leachate from the fly ash, and then using the screening and retention effects of membranes to separate and concentrate pollutants such as heavy metal ions and soluble salts. Based on membrane separation technology, pollutant separation and target component enrichment are achieved in the leachate. High-concentration heavy metal concentrate is sent to subsequent units for harmless treatment or resource recovery, while low-salinity permeate is recycled back to the leaching process.

[0003] The core function of a filter membrane is to allow water molecules and some small molecules to pass through while retaining pollutants such as heavy metal ions, colloids, and macromolecular organic matter in the leachate. During continuous membrane separation, the retained pollutants accumulate on the feed side of the membrane, causing the concentration of pollutants in the solution to gradually increase and the volume to decrease, eventually forming a high-concentration concentrate. However, fly ash leachate has a complex composition, containing not only heavy metals but also colloidal particles, macromolecular organic matter, suspended solids, and other impurities. These impurities easily adhere to the membrane surface or penetrate the membrane pores through adsorption, deposition, and clogging, leading to membrane pore blockage, thickening of the surface filter cake layer, and directly causing a decrease in membrane flux, making it difficult to form a low-water-content solution. High-concentration concentrate is a common problem. Existing technologies often employ physical intensified rinsing to address filter cake thickening. This involves optimizing membrane module operating conditions and implementing backwashing procedures to reverse-impact the membrane surface, reducing cake adhesion and deposits, increasing membrane flux, and promoting water separation. However, this method has significant drawbacks: while conventional backwashing improves membrane flux, backwash water mixes with the concentrate on the feed side, diluting it. This necessitates further membrane separation and dehydration, during which the filter cake reforms, making effective water removal difficult. This approach fails to fundamentally address the decrease in membrane flux caused by cake thickening, hindering the formation of a high-concentration concentrate. Therefore, this study proposes a membrane separation and concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a membrane separation and concentration system for treating fly ash from solid waste incineration, in order to solve the technical problem that the membrane flux decreases due to the thickening of the filter cake layer, making it difficult to form a high concentration of concentrate.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a membrane separation and concentration system for treating fly ash from solid waste incineration, comprising a cylindrical body, a separation component rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the cylindrical body, an air jet component arranged at the top of the cylindrical body, and a drive component arranged on the side of the cylindrical body; the separation component includes a rotating frame rotatably connected to the inner wall of the cylindrical body, an annular filter membrane mounted on the rotating frame, the inner cavity of the annular filter membrane forming a concentration chamber, a support tube arranged in the concentration chamber, the inner cavity of the rotating frame rotatably engaging with the support tube, and a liquid inlet channel arranged in the inner cavity of the support tube for conveying leachate into the concentration chamber; The concentration chamber is also equipped with multiple gathering plates and a collection assembly. The gathering plates are slidably arranged on the outer circumference of the support tube. When the rotating frame is stationary, the leachate in the concentration chamber is initially filtered through the annular filter membrane to form a concentrate. When the rotating frame is rotating, the annular filter membrane rotates synchronously, and the concentrate can tumble within the annular filter membrane. Through the filtration effect of the filter pores in other areas of the annular filter membrane, a high-concentration concentrate is formed. Furthermore, when the rotating frame rotates, the two gathering plates can perform reciprocating motions of synchronously moving towards each other and synchronously moving away from each other to gather the concentrate, which can then be collected and output through the collection assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the jet assembly includes a cover detachably connected to the top of the cylinder, an arc plate connected to the bottom of the cover via a connecting post, the bottom of the arc plate being clearance-fitted with the top of the annular filter membrane, a plurality of jet heads arranged at the bottom of the arc plate, an air inlet pipe arranged at the top of the cover, the bottom of the air inlet pipe penetrating the bottom of the cover and connected to the arc plate, the output end of the air inlet pipe communicating with the plurality of jet heads through the inner cavity of the arc plate, and the input end of the air inlet pipe being connected to an external air supply device.

[0007] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a support frame, a motor is mounted on the top of the support frame, a gear is connected to the output end of the motor, a gear is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the support frame, and the gear is meshed with the gear; a toothed edge is arranged on the outer circumference of one end of the rotating frame, and the gear is meshed with the toothed edge.

[0008] Preferably, a drain pipe is installed at the bottom of the cylinder, and multiple fixing brackets are connected to the side wall of the cylinder. The fixing brackets are connected to one end of the support pipe and are used to support and fix the support pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the outer circumferential wall of the support tube is provided with multiple convex strips, and the agglomerating plate includes a sliding cylinder with multiple concave grooves on its inner sidewall. The sliding cylinder slides with the convex strips through the concave grooves. The agglomerating plate also includes an arc-shaped scraper, the curvature of which is adapted to the curvature of the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane. The bottom of the arc-shaped scraper contacts and slides against the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane. One side of the arc-shaped scraper is a vertical surface structure, and the other side is an inclined surface structure. When the two agglomerating plates move towards each other, the concentrated liquid can be pushed and gathered by the vertical surface structure of the arc-shaped scraper. When the two agglomerating plates move away from each other, the concentrated liquid can be guided into the side of its vertical surface structure by the inclined surface structure of the arc-shaped scraper.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating frame has multiple control chambers arranged inside, and the inner circumferential wall of each control chamber has a drive groove, which is a reciprocating wave-shaped structure. The sliding cylinder is arranged inside the control chamber, and a drive column is connected to the outer circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder. The end of the drive column is movably arranged in the drive groove. When the rotating frame rotates, the drive column can be driven to perform reciprocating linear motion through the trajectory constraint of the drive groove, thereby pulling the sliding cylinder to move back and forth along the axial direction of the support tube, realizing the synchronous opposite movement and synchronous back-to-back movement of the two gathering plates.

[0011] Preferably, the inlet end of the liquid inlet channel is connected to an external conveying device, and the outlet end of the liquid inlet channel is arranged in the concentration chamber. The external conveying device can convey the leachate to the concentration chamber through the liquid inlet channel. The inner cavity of the support tube is also provided with a large-diameter liquid channel and a small-diameter air channel. The inner cavity of the large-diameter liquid channel is connected to an external liquid pumping device through a pipe head one, and the inner cavity of the small-diameter air channel is connected to an external air pump device through a pipe head two.

[0012] Preferably, the collection assembly includes a cavity expander connected at an inclined angle to the side wall of the support tube, a collection cover connected to the bottom of the cavity expander, a drain trough communicating with the large-diameter liquid channel and an air chamber communicating with the small-diameter air channel in the inner cavity of the cavity expander, a liquid suction channel communicating with the drain trough in the inner cavity of the collection cover, and a liquid baffle block arranged at the inlet of the liquid suction channel.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid-blocking block is rotatably arranged on the inner sidewall of the collection hood, and the top of the liquid-blocking block is connected to multiple arc-shaped columns. The curvature center of the arc-shaped columns coincides with the rotation axis of the liquid-blocking block, and their rotation trajectories are concentric circles. A piston head is connected to the end of the arc-shaped column. Multiple arc-shaped sliding cavities are opened on the inner sidewall of the liquid suction channel. The piston head is slidably arranged in the arc-shaped sliding cavity. The ends of two arc-shaped sliding cavities are connected through air cavity two. Air cavity two is connected to air cavity three. Air cavity three is connected to air cavity one.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the liquid-blocking block has an arc-shaped surface structure, and the curvature of the inner sidewall at the inlet of the liquid-suction channel is consistent with the curvature of the arc-shaped surface structure at the bottom of the liquid-blocking block to achieve a tight fit between the two; the other sidewall of the liquid-blocking block has a concave curved surface structure; when the liquid-blocking block is at the inlet of the liquid-suction channel, the inlet of the liquid-suction channel is in a closed state. At this time, the rotation of the rotating frame drives the annular filter membrane to rotate synchronously, and the concentrate in the concentration chamber flows in the direction of rotation of the annular filter membrane. The concave curved surface structure of the sidewall of the liquid-blocking block can block the movement of the concentrate, guide the concentrate to flow back and roll, so that the concentrate contacts the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane that has not participated in filtration, and performs filtration and concentration; when the piston head slides along the arc-shaped sliding cavity to the end position, it can drive the liquid-blocking block to rotate, so that the inlet of the liquid-suction channel is switched to the open state for extracting the high-concentration concentrate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention designs a separation component that utilizes the static state of the annular filter membrane when the rotating frame is stationary. This allows for static filtration of the leachate in the concentration chamber, enabling the leachate to pass through the pores of the annular filter membrane under natural gravity, thus achieving preliminary concentration and laying the foundation for subsequent high-concentration concentration. When the rotating frame is driven by the drive component, the annular filter membrane rotates synchronously, and the concentrate in the concentration chamber tumbles under centrifugal force, breaking the stable filter cake layer formed on the membrane surface during static filtration. This not only avoids membrane pore blockage caused by continuous impurity deposition but also allows the concentrate to fully contact the new pore areas of the annular filter membrane that did not participate in the preliminary filtration, maximizing the utilization of the filter membrane's filtration area and improving filtration efficiency and concentration ratio. This fundamentally solves the problem in traditional membrane separation technology where filter membranes are prone to clogging, leading to a decrease in membrane flux and making it difficult to achieve a high concentration of concentrate.

[0016] 2. This invention also incorporates two aggregation plates. During the rotation of the rotating frame, the two aggregation plates can be synchronously driven to move back and forth in opposite directions. When moving towards each other, the dispersed concentrate can be quickly aggregated, which not only prevents the concentrate from forming a filter cake layer, but also squeezes out the water in the concentrate, thereby increasing the concentrate concentration. When moving back and forth, impurities attached to the membrane wall are scraped off, the filter area is cleaned, and water is quickly discharged. Combined with the rotation of the annular filter membrane, the concentrate is circulated and tumbled. This combination of dynamic aggregation and circulating filtration further solves the problems of thickened filter cake layer, decreased membrane flux, and insufficient concentrate concentration in traditional membrane separation.

[0017] 3. This invention also designs one side of the arc-shaped scraper as a vertical surface structure perpendicular to the sliding direction, and the other side as an inclined surface structure. When the two gathering plates move towards each other under the drive of the rotating frame, the vertical surface can form a pushing surface, which quickly pushes the concentrated liquid dispersed in the concentration chamber toward the central area of ​​the chamber. The slight squeezing action generated during the gathering process promotes the unseparated water in the concentrated liquid to permeate through the filter pores of the annular filter membrane more quickly. When the two gathering plates move away from each other, the inclined surface plays a smooth guiding role, smoothly guiding the ungathered concentrated liquid to the area on one side of the vertical surface. Then, the next round of vertical surface pushing of concentrated liquid to form a gathering state is carried out, which further improves the gathering effect of concentrated liquid and solves the problem that concentrated liquid is easy to spread around and difficult to gather.

[0018] 4. This invention also features a reciprocating wave-shaped drive groove on the inner circumference of the control chamber of the rotating frame. The sliding cylinder is connected to the drive groove via a drive column on the outer circumference. When the drive assembly rotates the rotating frame, the wave-shaped drive groove rotates synchronously with the rotating frame. Its trajectory provides continuous guidance and constraint to the drive column, forcing the drive column to reciprocate linearly along the axial direction of the support tube. This, in turn, pulls the sliding cylinder to move the entire agglomerating plate smoothly back and forth along the convex strip of the support tube. Ultimately, this achieves a cycle of synchronously converging towards each other and synchronously separating away from each other, providing stable power for the aggregation, diversion, and cleaning of the filter membrane. No additional drive source is required; the reciprocating motion of the agglomerating plate can be synchronously achieved solely by the rotational power of the rotating frame. This simplifies the overall structural design of the system, reduces equipment space and manufacturing costs, and ensures precise synchronization of the rotational movements of the agglomerating plate and the annular filter membrane.

[0019] 5. This invention also incorporates a rotatable liquid-blocking block at the inlet of the suction channel. The rotation of this block controls the opening and closing of the inlet. During preliminary concentration, the block closes the inlet, preventing the initial concentrate from entering. During high-concentration concentration, the rotating frame drives the annular filter membrane to rotate synchronously. The block prevents the concentrate from moving circumferentially with the membrane, keeping it at the bottom of the concentration chamber. This allows the concentrate to contact more of the rotating annular filter membrane's pore areas, further deepening filtration and separation to increase concentration. This solves the problem that some concentrate moves synchronously with the annular filter membrane, causing their relative positions to remain unchanged and preventing the concentrate from contacting more pore areas.

[0020] 6. The present invention also features a concave curved surface on one side wall of the liquid-blocking block. When the liquid-blocking block closes the liquid absorption channel, the rotating frame drives the annular filter membrane to rotate synchronously. The concentrate in the concentration chamber flows in the direction of the filter membrane's rotation. The concave curved surface structure blocks the flowing concentrate and guides it to circulate and tumble back, forcing the concentrate to fully contact the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane that has not yet participated in filtration, thus continuously deepening the filtration and concentration. Through the guiding effect of the concave curved surface structure, the concentrate flowing with the filter membrane will be guided by the curved surface, forming a countercurrent with the concentrate in front and pushing it to circulate and tumble back. This not only avoids the concentrate accumulating on the side of the liquid-blocking block to form a static dead zone, but also allows the new and old concentrates to mix fully and repeatedly contact the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cylindrical body of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the jet assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the separation component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the agglomeration plate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the support tube of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the collection component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the collection component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the collection component of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the agglomerating plate and the liquid-blocking block in one usage state of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Cylinder body; 2. Separation assembly; 3. Jet assembly; 4. Drive assembly; 101. Drain pipe; 102. Fixing frame; 21. Rotating frame; 22. Annular filter membrane; 23. Concentration chamber; 24. Support tube; 25. Aggregating plate; 26. Collection assembly; 2101. Toothed jaw; 2102. Control chamber; 2103. Drive slot; 2401. Liquid inlet channel; 2402. Convex strip; 2403. Large-diameter liquid channel; 2404. Small-diameter gas channel; 2405. Tube head one; 2406. Tube head two; 2501, Sliding cylinder; 2502, Concave groove; 2503, Arc-shaped scraper; 2504, Drive column; 2601. Expansion chamber cover; 2602. Collection cover; 2603. Drainage trough; 2604. Air chamber one; 2605. Liquid suction channel; 2606. Liquid baffle block; 2607. Arc-shaped column; 2608. Piston head; 2609. Arc-shaped sliding cavity; 2610. Air chamber two; 2611. Air chamber three; 301. Cover; 302. Connecting post; 303. Arc plate; 304. Jet nozzle; 305. Air intake pipe; 401. Support frame; 402. Motor; 403. Gear 1; 404. Gear 2. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention relates to a membrane separation and concentration system for treating fly ash from solid waste incineration, comprising a cylinder 1, a separation component 2 rotatably arranged inside the cylinder 1, an air jet component 3 arranged at the top of the cylinder 1, and a drive component 4 arranged on the side of the cylinder 1.

[0024] Specifically, the separation component 2 includes a rotating frame 21 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1. An annular filter membrane 22 is mounted on the rotating frame 21, and the inner cavity of the annular filter membrane 22 forms a concentration chamber 23. A support tube 24 is arranged inside the concentration chamber 23. The inner cavity of the rotating frame 21 is rotatably engaged with the support tube 24. An inlet channel 2401 is arranged inside the support tube 24, which is used to transport the leachate into the concentration chamber 23. Multiple gathering plates 25 and a collection component 26 are also arranged inside the concentration chamber 23. The gathering plates 25 are slidably arranged on the outer circumference of the support tube 24. The drive component 4 is used to drive the rotating frame 21 to rotate, and the jetting component 3 is used to blow air onto the side wall of the annular filter membrane 22 to clean impurities from the filter holes. When the rotating frame 21 is stationary, the concentration chamber... The leachate in chamber 23 is initially filtered through an annular filter membrane 22 to form a concentrate. That is, solid-liquid separation is completed through the filter pores of the annular filter membrane 22. The retentate containing target solutes such as heavy metal ions is retained in the concentration chamber 23 for concentration, while the permeate formed by water and small molecule impurities is discharged through the filter membrane into the inner cavity of the cylinder 1, completing the initial membrane separation and concentration operation. When the rotating frame 21 is rotating, the annular filter membrane 22 rotates synchronously, and the concentrate can tumble in the annular filter membrane 22. Through the filtration effect of the filter pores in other areas of the annular filter membrane 22, a high-concentration concentrate is formed. Moreover, when the rotating frame 21 rotates, the two collecting plates 25 can perform reciprocating motion of synchronously moving towards each other and synchronously moving away from each other to collect the concentrate, which can be collected and output through the collecting component 26.

[0025] This invention designs a separation component 2 that, when its rotating frame 21 is stationary, also keeps the annular filter membrane 22 static, performing static filtration of the leachate in the concentration chamber 23. This allows the leachate to pass through the pores of the annular filter membrane 22 under natural gravity, forming a preliminary concentration that lays the foundation for subsequent high-concentration concentration. When the rotating frame 21 is driven by the drive component 4, the annular filter membrane 22 rotates synchronously, and the concentrate in the concentration chamber 23 tumbles under centrifugal force, breaking the stable filter cake layer formed on the membrane surface during static filtration. This not only avoids membrane pore blockage caused by continuous impurity deposition but also allows the concentrate to fully contact the new pore areas of the annular filter membrane 22 that did not participate in the preliminary filtration, maximizing the utilization of the filter membrane's filtration area and improving filtration efficiency and concentration ratio. This fundamentally solves the problem in traditional membrane separation technology where filter membranes are easily clogged, leading to a decrease in membrane flux and making it difficult to achieve a high concentration of concentrate. This invention also incorporates two aggregation plates 25. During the rotation of the rotating frame 21, the two aggregation plates 25 can be synchronously driven to move back and forth in a reciprocating manner. When moving back and forth, the dispersed concentrate can be quickly aggregated, which not only prevents the concentrate from forming a filter cake layer, but also squeezes out the water in the concentrate, thereby increasing the concentrate concentration. When moving back and forth, impurities attached to the membrane wall are scraped off, the filter area is cleaned, and water is quickly discharged. Combined with the rotation of the annular filter membrane 22, the concentrate is circulated and tumbled. This combination of dynamic aggregation and circulating filtration further solves the problems of thickened filter cake layer, decreased membrane flux, and insufficient concentrate concentration in traditional membrane separation.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the jet assembly 3 includes a cover 301 detachably connected to the top of the cylinder 1. The bottom of the cover 301 is connected to an arc plate 303 via a connecting post 302. The bottom of the arc plate 303 is in clearance fit with the top of the annular filter membrane 22. A plurality of jet heads 304 are arranged at the bottom of the arc plate 303. An air inlet pipe 305 is arranged at the top of the cover 301. The bottom of the air inlet pipe 305 passes through the bottom of the cover 301 and is connected to the arc plate 303. The output end of the air inlet pipe 305 communicates with the plurality of jet heads 304 through the inner cavity of the arc plate 303. The input end of the air inlet pipe 305 is connected to an external air supply device. An external air supply device delivers high-pressure gas into the inner cavity of the arc plate 303 through the air inlet pipe 305. The gas is evenly distributed to multiple jet nozzles 304 at the bottom through the inner cavity of the arc plate 303. The jet nozzles 304 then spray high-pressure airflow onto the top of the annular filter membrane 22, which is fitted with the arc plate 303. The impact force of the airflow blows away impurities such as colloidal particles that are attached to the inner wall of the annular filter membrane 22 and block the filter pores. At the same time, the rotation of the annular filter membrane 22 achieves a comprehensive cleaning of the filter membrane pores, avoiding the deposition of impurities that would reduce the membrane flux and ensuring the filtration efficiency and stability of the filter membrane. Furthermore, the detachable design of the cover 301 facilitates subsequent maintenance and repair of the jet assembly 3 and the annular filter membrane 22.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 4 includes a support frame 401, a motor 402 mounted on the top of the support frame 401, a gear 403 connected to the output end of the motor 402, and a gear 404 rotatably arranged on the side wall of the support frame 401, with the gear 403 meshing with the gear 404; a toothed edge 2101 is arranged on the outer circumference of one end of the rotating frame 21, with the gear 404 meshing with the toothed edge 2101. After the motor 402 is started, the output end of the motor 402 drives the gear 403 to rotate, the gear 403 drives the gear 404 to rotate synchronously, and the gear 404 drives the rotating frame 21 to rotate through the toothed edge 2101, thereby driving the annular filter membrane 22 on the rotating frame 21 to rotate synchronously, providing stable power for the tumbling filtration of the concentrated liquid in the concentration chamber 23 and the reciprocating movement of the agglomerating plate 25.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, a drain pipe 101 is installed at the bottom of the cylinder 1. The function of the drain pipe 101 is to centrally discharge the permeate that has entered the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 after being filtered by the annular filter membrane 22. A plurality of fixing brackets 102 are connected to the side wall of the cylinder 1. The fixing brackets 102 are connected to one end of the support tube 24. The fixing brackets 102 are used to support and fix the support tube 24. With the rotational cooperation between the inner cavity of the rotating frame 21 and the support tube 24, it is ensured that the support tube 24 can maintain a stable state when the rotating frame 21 rotates, and the angular displacement of the support tube 24 caused by the rotation of the rotating frame 21 is avoided.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of convex strips 2402 are arranged on the outer circumference of the support tube 24, and the gathering plate 25 includes a sliding cylinder 2501. A plurality of concave grooves 2502 are formed on the inner sidewall of the sliding cylinder 2501. The sliding cylinder 2501 slides with the convex strips 2402 through the concave grooves 2502 to ensure the stability of the gathering plate 25 during sliding, avoid rotation on the outer circumference of the support tube 24, and ensure the accuracy of the sliding process. The gathering plate 25 also includes an arc-shaped scraper 2503. The arc of the arc-shaped scraper 2503 is adapted to the arc of the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane 22. The bottom of the arc-shaped scraper 2503 contacts and slides against the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane 22. One side has a vertical surface structure, and the other side has an inclined surface structure. When the two gathering plates 25 move towards each other, the concentrated liquid can be pushed and gathered by the vertical surface structure of the arc-shaped scraper 2503. When the two gathering plates 25 move away from each other, the concentrated liquid can be guided into the side of its vertical surface structure by the inclined surface structure of the arc-shaped scraper 2503. By adapting the curvature design of the arc-shaped scraper 2503 of the gathering plate 25 to the inner wall of the annular filter membrane 22, it is ensured that the two always maintain close contact and smooth sliding during relative movement. This avoids the leakage of concentrated liquid or the failure of guiding flow caused by gaps, and can also scrape off the thin layer of impurities attached to the inner wall of the filter membrane by slight contact pressure, reducing the risk of filter pore blockage.

[0030] This invention further improves the concentration effect of the concentrate by designing one side of the arc-shaped scraper 2503 as a vertical surface structure perpendicular to the sliding direction and the other side as an inclined surface structure. When the two gathering plates 25 move towards each other under the drive of the rotating frame 21, the vertical surface can form a pushing surface, which quickly pushes the concentrate dispersed in the concentration chamber 23 towards the central area of ​​the chamber. The slight squeezing action generated during the gathering process promotes the unseparated water in the concentrate to permeate through the filter pores of the annular filter membrane 22 more quickly. When the two gathering plates 25 move away from each other, the inclined surface plays a smooth guiding role, smoothly guiding the ungathered concentrate to the area on one side of the vertical surface, and then the next round of vertical surface pushing of the concentrate to form a gathered state is carried out.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the rotating frame 21 is provided with a plurality of control chambers 2102. The inner circumferential wall of the control chamber 2102 is provided with a drive groove 2103, which is a reciprocating wave-shaped structure. The sliding cylinder 2501 is arranged in the control chamber 2102, and the outer circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder 2501 is connected to a drive column 2504. The end of the drive column 2504 is movably arranged in the drive groove 2103. When the rotating frame 21 rotates, the drive column 2504 can be driven to perform reciprocating linear motion by the trajectory constraint of the drive groove 2103, thereby pulling the sliding cylinder 2501 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the support tube 24, so as to realize the synchronous opposite movement and synchronous back-to-back movement of the two gathering plates 25. This invention utilizes a reciprocating wave-shaped drive groove 2103 formed on the inner circumferential wall of the control chamber 2102 of the rotating frame 21. A sliding cylinder 2501, arranged within the control chamber 2102, is movably engaged with the drive groove 2103 via a drive column 2504 on the outer circumferential wall. When the drive assembly 4 rotates the rotating frame 21, the wave-shaped drive groove 2103 rotates synchronously with the rotating frame 21. Its trajectory continuously guides and constrains the drive column 2504, forcing it to reciprocate linearly along the axial direction of the support tube 24, thereby traction and sliding. The cylinder 2501 drives the entire agglomerating plate 25 to move smoothly back and forth along the convex strip 2402 of the support tube 24, ultimately realizing the synchronous mutual agglomeration and synchronous separation of the two agglomerating plates 25, providing stable power for the agglomeration, diversion and cleaning of the filter membrane of the concentrate; no additional drive source is required, and the reciprocating motion of the agglomerating plate 25 can be realized synchronously by relying solely on the rotational power of the rotating frame 21, which simplifies the overall structural design of the system, reduces the space occupied by the equipment and the manufacturing cost, and ensures the precise synchronization of the rotation of the agglomerating plate 25 and the annular filter membrane 22.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet end of the liquid inlet channel 2401 is connected to an external conveying device, and the outlet end of the liquid inlet channel 2401 is arranged in the concentration chamber 23. The external conveying device can convey the leachate to the concentration chamber 23 through the liquid inlet channel 2401. The inner cavity of the support tube 24 is also provided with a large-diameter liquid channel 2403 and a small-diameter air channel 2404. The inner cavity of the large-diameter liquid channel 2403 is connected to an external liquid pumping device through a first pipe head 2405, and the inner cavity of the small-diameter air channel 2404 is connected to an external air pump device through a second pipe head 2406.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention, the collecting assembly 26 includes a cavity expansion cover 2601 connected at an inclined angle to the side wall of the support tube 24. The bottom of the cavity expansion cover 2601 is connected to a collecting cover 2602. The cavity of the cavity expansion cover 2601 is provided with a draining groove 2603 communicating with a large-diameter liquid channel 2403 and an air chamber 2604 communicating with a small-diameter air channel 2404. The cavity of the collecting cover 2602 is provided with a liquid suction channel 2605 communicating with the draining groove 2603. A liquid blocking block 2606 is provided at the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-blocking block 2606 is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the collection cover 2602. The top of the liquid-blocking block 2606 is connected to a plurality of arc-shaped columns 2607. The curvature center of the arc-shaped columns 2607 coincides with the rotation axis of the liquid-blocking block 2606, and their rotation trajectories are concentric circles. The ends of the arc-shaped columns 2607 are connected to piston heads 2608. The inner wall of the liquid suction channel 2605 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped sliding cavities 2609. The piston head 2608 is slidably arranged in the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609. The ends of two arc-shaped sliding cavities 2609 are connected through air cavity two 2610. Air cavity two 2610 is connected to air cavity three 2611. Air cavity three 2611 is connected to air cavity one 2604. When the liquid suction channel 2605 needs to be closed for concentration, the liquid baffle 2606 keeps the inlet blocked. When the concentrate reaches the preset concentration and needs to be cleaned and collected, the external air pump draws the gas out of the small-diameter air passage 2404, creating a negative pressure in the small-diameter air passage 2404. This negative pressure then creates negative pressure in the first air chamber 2604, the third air chamber 2611, the second air chamber 2610, and the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609. The negative pressure pulls the piston head 2608 to slide along the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609, which in turn drives the arc-shaped column 2607 to pull the liquid baffle 2606 to rotate around the axis of rotation, opening the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605. Subsequently, the external liquid extraction equipment extracts and discharges the high-concentration concentrate through the large-diameter liquid passage 2403, the discharge tank 2603, and the liquid suction channel 2605.

[0035] This invention incorporates a rotatable baffle block 2606 at the inlet of the suction channel 2605. The rotation of the baffle block 2606 controls the opening and closing of the inlet. During preliminary concentration, the baffle block 2606 closes the inlet, preventing the initial concentrate from entering the suction channel 2605. During high-concentration concentration, the rotating frame 21 drives the annular filter membrane 22 to rotate synchronously. The baffle block 2606 prevents the concentrate from moving circumferentially with the annular filter membrane 22, keeping the concentrate at the bottom of the concentration chamber 23, thus allowing the concentrate to contact the rotating annular filter membrane 22 more effectively. The multi-pore area allows the concentrate to repeatedly come into full contact with the new pores that have not yet been filtered, further deepening the filtration and separation to increase the concentration. This solves the problem that some concentrate tends to move synchronously with the annular filter membrane 22, causing their relative positions to remain unchanged and preventing the concentrate from contacting more pore areas. When it is necessary to extract the high-concentration concentrate that has already formed, the extraction operation can be performed simply by rotating the liquid-blocking block 2606 to open the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605. During the extraction process, the rotating frame 21 still drives the annular filter membrane 22 to rotate synchronously, enabling the annular filter membrane 22 to move the concentrate towards the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605, thus improving the extraction effect.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the liquid-blocking block 2606 has an arc-shaped surface structure, and the curvature of the inner sidewall at the inlet of the liquid-absorbing channel 2605 is consistent with the curvature of the arc-shaped surface structure at the bottom of the liquid-blocking block 2606, so as to achieve a tight fit between the two; the other sidewall of the liquid-blocking block 2606 has a concave curved surface structure; when the liquid-blocking block 2606 is at the inlet of the liquid-absorbing channel 2605, the inlet of the liquid-absorbing channel 2605 is in a closed state. At this time, the rotating frame 21 rotates, driving the annular filter membrane 22 to rotate synchronously. The concentrate in the concentration chamber 23 flows in the direction of rotation of the annular filter membrane 22. The concave curved surface structure of the side wall of the liquid-blocking block 2606 can block the movement of the concentrate and guide the concentrate to flow back and roll, so that the concentrate comes into contact with the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane 22 that has not participated in filtration, and performs filtration and concentration. When the piston head 2608 slides along the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609 to the end position, it can drive the liquid-blocking block 2606 to rotate, so that the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605 is switched to the open state, which is used to extract the high-concentration concentrate.

[0037] The present invention further incorporates a concave curved surface on one side wall of the liquid-blocking block 2606. When the liquid-blocking block 2606 closes the liquid absorption channel 2605, the rotating frame 21 drives the annular filter membrane 22 to rotate synchronously. The concentrated liquid in the concentration chamber 23 flows in the direction of filter membrane rotation. The concave curved surface structure obstructs the flowing concentrated liquid and guides it to reflux and tumble, forcing the concentrated liquid to fully contact the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane 22 that has not participated in filtration, thus continuously deepening filtration and concentration. Through the guiding effect of the concave curved surface structure, the concentrated liquid flowing with the filter membrane rotation will be guided by the curved surface and combined with the concentrated liquid in front. The liquid forms a counter-current and pushes it back and rolls, which not only prevents the concentrate from accumulating on the side of the liquid blocking block and forming a static dead zone, but also allows the new and old concentrates to mix fully and repeatedly contact the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane 22. When the concentrate reaches the preset concentration, the piston head 2608 slides along the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609 to the end, thereby driving the liquid blocking block 2606 to rotate around the rotation axis, so that the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605 switches from the closed state to the open state, which makes it easy for external liquid suction equipment to quickly extract the high-concentration concentrate through the liquid suction channel 2605, the liquid discharge tank 2603 and the large-diameter liquid channel 2403.

[0038] Working principle: This embodiment provides a membrane separation and concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash. In use, the leachate of the pre-prepared solid waste incineration fly ash is first transported to the concentration chamber 23 through the inlet channel 2401 of the support tube 24 by an external conveying device. At this time, the rotating frame 21 is stationary. The leachate undergoes preliminary static filtration through the filter pores of the annular filter membrane 22 under the action of natural gravity. The permeate formed by water molecules and small molecule impurities passes through the filter membrane and enters the inner cavity of the cylinder 1, and is finally discharged through the bottom drain pipe 101. The retentate containing heavy metal ions, colloids and other pollutants is retained in the concentration chamber 23 to form a preliminary concentrate. After the initial concentration is completed, the rotating frame 21 is driven to rotate by the drive component 4, and the annular filter membrane 22 rotates synchronously. The initial concentrated liquid in the concentration chamber 23 moves with the rotation of the annular filter membrane 22. During the movement, it is blocked by the liquid-blocking block 2606, and backflow and tumbling occur, breaking the filter cake layer formed by static filtration. At the same time, it makes full contact with the new filter pore area of ​​the annular filter membrane 22 that has not participated in the initial filtration, thus deepening the filtration and separation. During this process, the external air supply equipment is started, and high-pressure gas enters the inner cavity of the arc plate 303 through the air inlet pipe 305. It is then sprayed onto the top of the annular filter membrane 22 through multiple jet nozzles 304, impacting and blowing away impurities attached to the membrane wall and filter pores, ensuring stable membrane flux. When the rotating frame 21 rotates, the wave-shaped drive groove 2103 on the inner wall of its control chamber 2102 rotates synchronously. Through trajectory constraints, it drives the drive column 2504 on the outer wall of the sliding cylinder 2501 to perform reciprocating linear motion, which in turn pulls the two gathering plates 25 to move synchronously in opposite directions along the convex strip 2402 of the support tube 24. When moving in opposite directions, the vertical surface structure of the arc scraper 2503 pushes the concentrate towards the center of the chamber, and accelerates the water permeation and filtration through the squeezing action. When moving in opposite directions, the inclined surface structure guides the concentrate to the vertical side, and at the same time, the arc scraper 2503 contacts and slides against the inner wall of the annular filter membrane 22 to scrape off residual impurities and clean the surface of the filter membrane. Once the concentrate reaches the preset concentration, the external air pump is activated, drawing gas from the small-diameter air passage 2404 through the second pipe head 2406. This creates negative pressure in the first air chamber 2604, the third air chamber 2611, the second air chamber 2610, and the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609. The negative pressure pulls the piston head 2608 to slide along the arc-shaped sliding cavity 2609, which in turn drives the liquid-blocking block 2606 to rotate through the arc-shaped column 2607, opening the inlet of the liquid suction channel 2605. Finally, the external liquid extraction equipment is activated. A negative pressure is formed through the pipe head 2405, the large-diameter liquid channel 2403, and the drainage tank 2603 to extract the high-concentration concentrate in the concentration chamber 23 through the liquid suction channel 2605 and send it to the subsequent unit for harmless treatment.

[0039] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash, characterized by, The application relates to a separation device, which comprises a cylinder (1), a separation assembly (2) arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder (1), a jet assembly (3) arranged at the top of the cylinder (1), and a driving assembly (4) arranged at the side of the cylinder (1). The separation assembly (2) comprises a rotating frame (21) rotatably connected with the inner side wall of the cylinder (1), an annular filter membrane (22) installed on the rotating frame (21), a concentration chamber (23) formed in the inner cavity of the annular filter membrane (22), a support pipe body (24) arranged in the concentration chamber (23), and an inlet liquid channel (2401) arranged in the inner cavity of the support pipe body (24) and used for conveying leaching liquid into the concentration chamber (23); a plurality of gathering plates (25) and a collecting assembly (26) are also arranged in the concentration chamber (23), and the gathering plates (25) are slidingly arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the support pipe body (24). When the rotating frame (21) is in a static state, the leaching liquid in the concentration chamber (23) is preliminarily filtered by the annular filter membrane (22) to form concentrated liquid; when the rotating frame (21) is in a rotating state, the annular filter membrane (22) rotates synchronously, the concentrated liquid can roll in the annular filter membrane (22), and high-concentration concentrated liquid is formed through the filtering effect of filter holes in other areas of the annular filter membrane (22); and when the rotating frame (21) rotates, the two gathering plates (25) can synchronously move towards each other and synchronously move away from each other to perform reciprocating actions, gather the concentrated liquid, and collect and output the concentrated liquid through the collecting assembly (26).

2. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jet assembly (3) comprises a cover (301) detachably connected with the top of the cylinder (1), an arc plate (303) connected with the bottom of the cover (301) through a connecting column (302), a plurality of jet heads (304) arranged on the bottom of the arc plate (303) and matched with the top of the annular filter membrane (22) in a clearance mode, and an air inlet pipe (305) arranged on the top of the cover (301) and connected with the bottom of the arc plate (303) through the bottom of the cover (301), wherein the output end of the air inlet pipe (305) is communicated with the plurality of jet heads (304) through the inner cavity of the arc plate (303), and the input end of the air inlet pipe (305) is connected with external air supply equipment.

3. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving assembly (4) comprises a support frame (401), a motor (402) installed on the top of the support frame (401), a gear one (403) connected with the output end of the motor (402), and a gear two (404) rotatably arranged on the side wall of the support frame (401) and meshingly connected with the gear one (403). The circumferential outer wall of one end of the rotating frame (21) is provided with a toothed opening (2101), and the gear two (404) is meshingly connected with the toothed opening (2101).

4. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the barrel (1) is provided with a liquid discharge pipe (101), and the sidewall of the barrel (1) is connected with a plurality of fixing frames (102), one end of the fixing frame (102) is connected with the support pipe body (24), and the fixing frame (102) is used for supporting and fixing the support pipe body (24).

5. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circumferential outer wall of the support pipe body (24) is arranged with a plurality of convex strips (2402), the gathering plate (25) comprises a sliding cylinder (2501), a plurality of concave grooves (2502) are formed in the inner sidewall of the sliding cylinder (2501), and the sliding cylinder (2501) is slidably connected with the convex strips (2402) through the concave grooves (2502). The gathering plate (25) further comprises an arc-shaped scraper (2503), the curvature of the arc-shaped scraper (2503) is matched with the curvature of the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane (22), the bottom of the arc-shaped scraper (2503) is in sliding contact with the inner sidewall of the annular filter membrane (22), one side of the arc-shaped scraper (2503) is a vertical face structure, and the other side is an inclined face structure; when the two gathering plates (25) move towards each other, the concentrated liquid can be pushed and gathered through the vertical face structure of the arc-shaped scraper (2503); when the two gathering plates (25) move away from each other, the concentrated liquid can be guided into the side of the vertical face structure through the inclined face structure of the arc-shaped scraper (2503).

6. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the rotating frame (21) is arranged with a plurality of control chambers (2102), and the circumferential inner wall of the control chamber (2102) is provided with a driving groove (2103) in a wave shape. The sliding cylinder (2501) is arranged in the control chamber (2102), the circumferential outer wall of the sliding cylinder (2501) is connected with a driving column (2504), and the end of the driving column (2504) is movably arranged in the driving groove (2103); when the rotating frame (21) rotates, the driving column (2504) can be driven to move linearly in a reciprocating manner through the track of the driving groove (2103), so as to drive the sliding cylinder (2501) to move reciprocally along the axial direction of the support pipe body (24), thereby realizing the synchronous movement of the two gathering plates (25) towards each other and away from each other.

7. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid inlet end of the liquid inlet channel (2401) is connected with an external conveying device, and the output end of the liquid inlet channel (2401) is arranged in the concentration chamber (23); the external conveying device can convey the leaching liquid into the concentration chamber (23) through the liquid inlet channel (2401). The inner cavity of the support pipe body (24) is further arranged with a large-aperture liquid channel (2403) and a small-aperture gas channel (2404), the inner cavity of the large-aperture liquid channel (2403) is connected with an external liquid pumping device through a pipe head (2405), and the inner cavity of the small-aperture gas channel (2404) is connected with an external gas pump device through a pipe head (2406).

8. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collecting assembly (26) comprises an expanded cavity cover (2601) connected to the side wall of the support pipe body (24) at an inclined angle, the bottom of the expanded cavity cover (2601) is connected with a collecting cover (2602), the inner cavity of the expanded cavity cover (2601) is arranged with a liquid discharge groove (2603) communicated with the large-aperture liquid channel (2403), and a gas cavity I (2604) communicated with the small-aperture gas channel (2404); the inner cavity of the collecting cover (2602) is arranged with a liquid suction channel (2605) communicated with the liquid discharge groove (2603), and a liquid blocking block (2606) is arranged at the entrance of the liquid suction channel (2605).

9. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 8, characterized in that, The liquid blocking block (2606) is rotationally arranged on the inner side wall of the collecting cover (2602), the top of the liquid blocking block (2606) is connected with a plurality of arc-shaped columns (2607), the curvature center of the arc-shaped column (2607) coincides with the rotation axis of the liquid blocking block (2606), and the rotation tracks of the two are concentric circles, the end of the arc-shaped column (2607) is connected with a piston head (2608), the inner side wall of the liquid suction channel (2605) is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped sliding cavities (2609), the piston head (2608) is slidingly arranged in the arc-shaped sliding cavity (2609), the ends of the two arc-shaped sliding cavities (2609) are communicated through a gas cavity II (2610), the gas cavity II (2610) is communicated with a gas cavity III (2611), and the gas cavity III (2611) is communicated with the gas cavity I (2604).

10. The membrane separation concentration system for treating solid waste incineration fly ash according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom of the liquid blocking block (2606) is a circular arc surface structure, the curvature of the inner side wall at the entrance of the liquid suction channel (2605) is consistent with the curvature of the circular arc surface structure of the bottom of the liquid blocking block (2606), so as to realize the close fit of the two; the other side wall of the liquid blocking block (2606) is an inner concave curved surface structure; when the liquid blocking block (2606) is at the entrance of the liquid suction channel (2605), the entrance of the liquid suction channel (2605) forms a closed state, at this time, the rotation of the rotating frame (21) drives the synchronous rotation of the annular filter membrane (22), the concentrated liquid in the concentrated cavity (23) flows in the rotation direction of the annular filter membrane (22), the inner concave curved surface structure of the side wall of the liquid blocking block (2606) can block the movement of the concentrated liquid, guide the reflux and rolling of the concentrated liquid, make the concentrated liquid contact the new filter hole area of the annular filter membrane (22) which does not participate in the filtration, and perform the filtration and concentration; when the piston head (2608) slides to the end position along the arc-shaped sliding cavity (2609), the liquid blocking block (2606) can be driven to rotate, so that the entrance of the liquid suction channel (2605) is switched to an open state, and the high-concentration concentrated liquid can be drawn away.

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